Hand Tools & Measuring Devices Chapter 9 Hammer Carpenter’s hammer has a crowned
head and should not be used with metals
Hammer Metal working hammers have
smooth heads designed for
metal
Hammer Soft faced hammers (rubber, plastic, wood, brass & aluminum)
should be used to work metals
Screwdriver The tip of a slot screwdriver should be
ground so its sides are parallel, and it
should fill approximately 75% of the
width of the slot in the screw.
Screwdriver Screwdriver Combina=on/Slip-­‐Joint Pliers Channel Lock Pliers Vise-­‐Grip Pliers Needle-­‐Nose Pliers Diagonal CuGers Duckbill Pliers Safety Wire Pliers Punches Automa=c Center Punch Open End Wrench Adjustable Open End Wrench Place the wrench on the fastener so the pull is away from the fixed jaw.
Ratche=ng Open End Wrench Box End Wrench Ratche=ng Wrench Combina=on Wrench Flare Nut Wrench Handles for Socket Wrenches Sockets Socket Adapters Hand-­‐Impact Driver Allen Wrench Torque Wrench Deflec=on Beam Torque Wrench Deflection beam torque
wrench is the least accurate
Wrench Points 8 - Point
Hand Snips Hack Saw Hack Saw Hacksaw •  Use a ridge or fixed frame •  Teeth always face forward !
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Cuts on the forward stroke Release blade tension when done Start cut with rearward strokes only LiX saw on rearward stokes Select the correct tooth count for material Metal Chisel Wood Chisel Wood Chisel Files Files Smoothest Finish
Removes material the fastest
Files Files •  Always use a handle on the tang •  LiX or remove pressure on the return stroke •  Clean with a file card !
Keep steel and aluminum from cross contamina=ng •  Keep dry •  Don’t stack •  Silicon spray can help keep things from s=cking !
Not oil Drill Bits Tip angle for metal is
usually 118°
Clear plastics require a
special tip design
Sizes available in fraction
of an inch, metric and
numbered
Soft metals – high speed
and light pressure
Hard metals – low speed
and higher pressure
The flute forms the
cutting edges of the point
Drill Bits FAA says use 90° for soft metal
Drill Bits Hole Saw Figure 14-­‐64. Hole saws are used to cut large-­‐diameter holes in thin sheet metal or wood.
Fly CuGer RED TAPE!
Figure 14-­‐65. A fly cuGer is an adjustable hole cuGer.
Reamer Remember to turn only one way
Countersink Tap and Die Die
Tap
•  Threads Tap and Die UNF – fine !  UNC – course !  Na=onal Taper Pipe (NPT) !
•  Tapered to seal fluids !
Rolled and cut •  Rolled is stonger •
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Use matching drill size Use cu`ng oil and/or grease (catch shavings) 1/2 turn forward and then backup Straight and slow Tap Ruler “Burn an Inch” Use a Machinist Scale to Set Divider Divider or Compass
Machinist Scale or Rule
Combina=on Set Outside Caliper Inside Caliper Small Hole Gauge Telescoping Gauge Show a rocker arm bearing and shaft
Micrometer Micrometer •  Vernier micrometer measures in 1/10,000” or 0.0001” Page 9-­‐24 – Fig 9-­‐39 0.2947 should be 0.2957 •  A gauge block is used to calibrate a micrometer •  Remember to add the frame size to the measurement from the sleeve/thimble •  Use ratchet stop to =ghten caliper •  Keep at a consistent temperature •  Intro video •  Reading a micrometer •  Demonstrate poppet valve stem and piston pin out of round measurements Vernier Micrometer Scale Depth Gage Micrometer Dial Indicator Used to check
that a shaft or
disk is straight
Video
Feeler or Thickness Gage Measures:
1.  Piston ring gap
2.  Ring and lands
3. Connecting rod twist
4. Flat Surface
Video
(Slide) Caliper Pitch Gage Examples •  Measuring crankpin and main bearing journals for out-­‐of-­‐round wear •  Rocker arm bushing dimension •  Poppet-­‐type valve stretch •  Piston pin out-­‐of-­‐round •  Clearance between piston rings and ring lands •  Connec=ng rod twist