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Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants.
• They have true roots, stems, leaves and
flowers...
• Angiosperms are more highly evolved that
the algae, mosses, fungi and ferns.
Angiosperms are the biggest group
in the plant kingdom.
300,000 to 450,000 species
• Traditionally, the flowering plants have
been divided into two major groups, or
classes: The
Eudicots (dicot) and the Monocots
• Monocot- single cotyledon
• Eudicot- true two cotyledon
Chars of Angiosperm
Cotyledons –
The cotyledons are the "seed leaves" produced
by the embryo.
They serve to absorb nutrients packaged in the
seed, until the seedling is able to produce its first
true leaves and begin photosynthesis.
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Pollen structure -• The first angiosperms had pollen with a
single furrow or pore through the outer
layer (monosulcate). This feature is
retained in the monocots,
• but
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• most dicots are descended from a plant
which developed three furrows or pores in
its pollen (triporate).
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Number of flower parts -• If you count the number of petals, stamens, or
other floral parts, you will find that monocot
flowers tend to have a number of parts that is
divisible by three, usually three or six.
• Dicot flowers on the other hand, tend to have
parts in multiples of four or five (four, five, ten,
etc.).
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• This character is not always reliable, however, and is not easy to
use in some flowers with reduced or numerous parts.
The flower
Leaf veins --
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• In monocots, there are usually a number of
major leaf veins which run parallel the length of
the leaf;
• in dicots, there are usually numerous auxillary
veins which reticulate between the major ones.
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•
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As with the number of floral parts, this character is not always reliable, as there
are many monocots with reticulate venation
Stem vascular arrangement -• Vascular tissue occurs in long strands called vascular
bundles.
• These bundles are arranged within the stem of dicots
to form a cylinder, appearing as a ring of spots when
you cut across the stem.
• In monocots, these bundles appear scattered through
the stem, with more of the bundles located toward the
stem periphery than in the center.
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– This arrangement is unique to monocots and some of their
closest relatives among the dicots.
Root development -• In most dicots the root develops from the lower end of the embryo,
from a region known as the radicle.
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• The radicle gives rise to an apical meristem which continues to
produce root tissue for much of the plant's life.
• By contrast, the radicle aborts in monocots, and new roots arise
adventitiously from nodes in the stem. These roots may be called
prop roots when they are clustered near the bottom of the stem.
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Secondary growth --
• Most seed plants increase their diameter
through secondary growth, producing
wood and bark.
• Monocots (and some dicots) have lost this
ability, and so do not produce wood.
• Some monocots can produce a substitute
however, as in the palms and agaves.
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most diverse
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Angiosperms
•
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primary food source
oxygen for us to breathe.
lumber for buildings
fibers for clothes
basis for many drugs, etc
Monocots
Drupe
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They also have seeds.
• The seeds are formed when an egg or
ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary.
• The ovary is within a flower.
• The flower contains the male and/or
female parts of the plant.
• Fruits are frequently produced from these
ripened ovaries.
Flowers and fruit of the banana
Rice
Eudicots (Eudicotyledones)
• Most diverse (more than half the living
plant species)
• All familiar trees and shrubs (other than
conifers)
• Herbs (nonwoody plants)
Saquaro catus
(Carnegiea gigantea)
Round lobed hepatica
(Anemone americana)
Inflorescences
Shooting star
Oak flowers
Perianth= calyx + corolla
Position of ovary w/ respect to
sepals and petals and stamens
Epigyny=Inferior ovary
Perigyny= around ovary