Energy NSW 2008
The [R]Evolution in Networks
Robert O’ Reilly
Senior Application Engineer
Cooper Power Systems – Canada
Matthew Oong
R i
Regional
l Sales
S l Manager
M
Cooper Power Systems - Australia
Implementing Real-Time
Statistical Analysis
of Power Quality in a
Distributed Generating Environment
(multiple wind farm sites)
Overview of presentation
¾Distributed Generation
¾Renewable Energy
¾Current areas of Wind Farm implementations in the
Province of Quebec
¾Overall Architecture of a Wind Farm Site
¾Statistical computations
¾Conclusions
3
Distributed Generation
>Generation is Distributed by default
>Wind Farms are different in regards to the total
amount of information each turbine and its controls
systems can provide.
>The Control Centers must manage the information but
also plan for non-continuous operation of their
renewable energy production environments.
4
Location of the Current Main
Region for Wind Farm Sites for HQ
5
Location of Major
Wind Farm Sites
•Area of Gaspésie 30,341 square kilometers
6
Overall Architecture of a
Wind Farm
The following slide presents the major components of a
Wind Farm site.
7
Substation building
Remote Operator(s)
DEI
DEI
DEI
IED
Tele-protection
Remote access
INTERNET
Substation SCADA
SCADA
IPM
IIntelligent
t lli
t
Gateway
(SMP)
Substation
S
b t ti partt off
Wind Farm
Wind turbine SCADA
SCADA
Metering
(buyer)
Possible Seecured link
Control Center (optional)
(Private Producer)
Tele-protection to/from
neighbouring substations
Network Control Center
Transmission /
Distribution company
Oth Private
Other
P i t producers
d
ISO / Transmission / Distribution
Wind Farm
Data logger
(Met towers)
8
Different interconnect approach
Substation building
Operator(s)
DEI
DEI
IED
Teleprotection
Remote access
INTERNET
Substation SCADA
SCADA
IPM
Intelligent
Gateway
(SMP)
S b t ti (fi
Substation
(field)
ld)
Wind turbine SCADA
Control Center (optional)
(Producer)
Metering
(buyer)
Secuured link
SCADA
Tele-protection to/from
neighbouring substations
Network Control Center
Distribution company
Other Production companies
p
Buyer / Transporter / Distributor
Wind Farm
Data logger
(Met towers)
9
Information requirements
Wind Farms are different in regards to the total
amount of information each turbine and its control
system can provide.
Depending on the selected information desired
desired, on a
110 MW Wind Farm site the user may easily have
over 30,000 data points to manage.
10
Why Statistical Data
Because of the volume of data, it was decided to
concentrate the data and make it more meaningful
this by performing a certain amount of statistical
computations at the Wind Farm site itself.
The approach that has been developed provides the
key information while allowing less data to be
transmitted, but without losing the value of the
information.
11
Key points with Statistical
Computations
With statistical computations, sampling rate becomes a
crucial
i l parameter.
t
> To slow we will loose potential important transitions.
> To fast it will burden the system with useless
computations limiting its capacity to react in a timely
fashion when required in emergencies.
In these applications we have settled for a sampling
rate of 200ms (from our experience in the last 18
months, this has proven a wise choice).
It was deemed imperative that the statistical
computations take into account bad quality information
j
the computations
p
when it is received and adjust
accordingly.
12
Criteria for Statistical
Computations
‰ Statistical computations are performed on a 10
minute cycle.
‰ At the end of 10 minute cycle the information must
have been transmitted in less than 30 seconds to the
Control Centers.
‰ Quality status information must be transmitted with
the data.
‰ In case of failure of the transmission link, the
information must be stored until the communication
link is re-established.
13
Criteria for Statistical
Computations (cont’d)
(cont d)
‰ Another requirement from Hydro-Quebec was that
the system must be able to provide the last 30 days
of information from the meteorological masts (in
case it is required from the different Hydro
Hydro-Quebec
Quebec
entities).
‰ The protocol used by Hydro-Quebec is DNP3 using
report by exception to optimize transmission
characteristics.
‰ The
Th data
d t required
i d Mi
Minimum,
i
M
Maximum,
i
A
Average and
d
standard deviation from the meteorological
instruments.
14
Typical computations for wind
direction
Computation of the average wind direction. Where the average
wind
i d di
direction
ti mustt representt the
th average off th
the wind
i d di
direction
ti
vectors:
> Θ = Arctan (Ux / Uy) + K
ƒ And where
ƒ
ƒ
Ux = ( Σ sin Θ ) / N
Uy = ( Σ cos Θ ) / N
> The average
g standard deviation is computed
p
in this fashion:
Arcsin (
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
* ( 1 + 0.1547*
3
)
Where
[ 1 – Ux2 –Uy
Uy2 ]1/2
15
Statistical information from
turbine data
The following information is required from each turbine
within the wind farm park, at a 10 minute interval:
> Active Power
> Position of blades
> Position of nacelle
> Wind speed has measured by turbine anemometer
> Wind direction has measured by turbine
16
Statistical computations for
Production Information
The following items are also computed statistically at a 10 minute
i t
interval:
l
> Active Power
> Available power from turbines
> Available power from substation
> Available power from park
> Number of turbines available
> Number of turbines stopped because of low wind conditions
> Number of turbines stopped because of high wind conditions
> Number of turbines stopped because of low temperature
17
Power Information
For power quality information, although this information
is provided on a real-time basis, statistical computations
are performed and provided to the different control
centers.
The control centers integrate/correlate the information
from the different sites to manage the overall quality of
the information, which are then used in the overall
production
d ti planning
l
i off th
the overallll sites.
it
18
Conclusions
We have been conditioned that bandwidth is limitless –
but in fact it is like any other resource – limitations exist.
Statistical computations can provide a different
approach in meeting our data requirements without
having to sacrifice the quality of the overall information.
This approach has now been implemented on 4 wind
farm sites with two others currently in the process of
being completed.
19
Thank You!
20