KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
A Comparison of Leading
Data Mining Tools
John F. Elder IV & Dean W. Abbott
Elder Research
Fourth International Conference
on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining
Friday, August 28, 1998
New York, New York
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Copyright © 1998,
John F. Elder IV and Dean W. Abbott
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-2
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Contacting Elder Research
http://www.datamininglab.com
Dr. John F. Elder IV
1006 Wildmere Place
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Dean W. Abbott
3443 Villanova Avenue
San Diego, CA 92122-2310
elder@datamininglab.com
804-973-7673
Fax: 804-995-0064
dean@datamininglab.com
619-450-0313
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-3
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Tutorial Goals
• Compare and Summarize Data Mining Tools which:
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–
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–
–
Offer multiple modeling and classification algorithms
Support project stages surrounding model construction
Stand alone
Are general-purpose
Cost a lot
We could get our hands on
• Include some (focused) Desktop Tools
Other Reports: Two Crows, Aberdeen Group, Elder Research
(forthcoming ), Data Mining Journal
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-4
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Topics
•
•
•
•
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Products covered
Review of algorithms
Comparative tables of properties
Screen shots exemplifying qualities
Summary of distinctives
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-5
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Caveats
• We don’t know every tool well (and are sure to
have missed some!)
– Level of exposure noted for each tool
• Our background (biasing our perspective)
– Very technical, “early adopters”
– Emphasize solving real-world applications
– More classification than estimation
• Field of tools is quite dynamic
– New versions appear regularly
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-6
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Data Mining Products
PRW
Model 1
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-7
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Product
Our
Experience
http://www.isl.co.uk/clem.html
http://www.think.com/html/products/products.htm
http://www.datamindcorp.com
http://www.sas.com/software/components/miner.html
http://www.urbanscience.com/main/gainpage.htm
http://www.software.ibm.com/data/iminer/
http://www.sgi.com/Products/software/MineSet/
http://www.unica-usa.com/model1.htm
http://www.abtech.com
http://www.unica-usa.com/prodinfo.htm
4
3.0.1
2.1.1
Beta
4.0.3
2
2.5
3.1
1
2.1
Moderate
Moderate
High
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
http://www.salford-systems.com
http://www.wardsystems.com/neuroshe.htm
mailto://olpars@partech.com
http://www.cognos.com/busintell/products/index.html
http://www.rulequest.com/see5-info.html
http://www.mathsoft.com/splus/
http://www.wizsoft.com/why.html
3.5
3
8.1
2
1.07
4
1.1
Moderate
Moderate
High
Moderate
Moderate
High
Moderate
Company
Integral
Solutions, Ltd.
Integral Solutions,
Ltd.
Clementine
Thinking
ThinkingMachines,
Machines,
Corp.
Corp.
Darwin
DataMind
DataMind
DataCruncher
SASInstitute
Institute
Enterprise Miner SAS
UrbanScience
Science
Urban
GainSmarts
IBM
Intelligent Miner IBM
SiliconGraphics,
Graphics,
Inc.
Silicon
Inc.
MineSet
Group1 1/Unica Technologies
Group
Model 1
AbTechCorp.
Corp.
AbTech
ModelQuest
Unica Technologies, Inc.
Unica
PRW
CART
NeuroShell
OLPARS
Scenario
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
URL
Version
Tested
Tools Evaluated
Salford Systems
Ward Systems Group, Inc.
PAR Government Systems
Cognos
RuleQuest Research
MathSoft
WizSoft
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-8
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Categories for Comparisons
• Platforms Supported
• Algorithms Included
– Decision Trees
– Neural Networks
– Other
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Data Input and Model Output Options
Usability Ratings
Visualization Capabilities
Modeling Automation Methods
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-9
updated October 19, 1998
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CART
Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
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Connectivity
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NT Server /
PC Client
Unix Standalone
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
PRW
Platforms
Unix Server /
PC Client
PC Standalone
(95/NT)
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
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T8-10
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Tool Groupings
Desktop
High End
• PC (standalone)
• One or Two Algorithms
• Multiple Platforms, ClientServer
• Flat Files or Direct Database
Access
• Multiple Algorithm Types
• Data Fits into RAM
• Large Databases
• Flat Files
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-11
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
End User Perspectives
Business
Technical
• Intuitive Interface
• Algorithm Options
– Clear steps in data mining
process
– Non-technical terminology
– Familiar environment
– Knobs to enhance model
performance
• Model Automation
– Simplify model design cycle
– Documentation of steps used
in generating models
(repeatability)
• Descriptive Reporting
– Domain terminology
– Graphical representations
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-12
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
OLPARS: Interface
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-13
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
MineSet: Interface
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-14
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
PRW: Experiment Manager
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-15
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Intelligent Miner: “Explorer” Interface
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-16
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Enterprise Miner: Visual Interface
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-17
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Clementine: Visual Interface
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-18
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
DataCruncher: Process Flow Diagram
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-19
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Data Input &
Model Output
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
PRW
CART
Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
© 1998 Elder Research
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updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
PRW: Row Splitting
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-21
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Model1: Variable Selection
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-22
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Model1: Data Definitions
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-23
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Scenario : Special Data Types
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-24
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Decision Trees
a>4
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© 1998 Elder Research
b>2
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T8-25
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Polynomial Networks
Z17 = 3.1 + 0.4a - .15b2
+ 0.9bc - 0.62abc + 0.5c3
Layer 0
(Normalizers)
Layer 1
Layer 2
a
N1
z1
z16
k
N9
Unitizers
z6
f
Layer 3
Double 16
z9
Single 14
z14
N6
d
N4
h
N8
z17
z4
MultiLinear 15
z21
z15
Triple 21
U2
Y1
U7
Y2
Triple 17
z8
z19
Double 19
Double 20 z20
e
N5
z5
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-26
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
“Consensus” Models
Parametrically Summarize Data Points
Regression
orders, terms
Polynomial Networks
(e.g. GMDH, ASPN)
Decision Trees
(e.g., CART, CHAID, C5)
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Logistic or Sigmoidal
Networks (ANNs)
Hinging Hyperplanes,
MARS
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-27
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
“Consensus” Models (continued)
orientation, bin width
function
Radial Basis Function
family, order
© 1998 Elder Research
Histogram
Wavelets
T8-28
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
“Contributory” Models
retain data points; each potentially affects estimate at new point
shape, spread
k, distance metric
Goal, iterations
Kernels
k-Nearest Neighbor
Delaunay Planes
Spread, index
Projection Pursuit Regression
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-29
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Properties of Algorithms
Algorithm
Accurate
Scalable
Interpretable
Useable
Robust
Versatile
Classical
(LR, LDA)
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C
C
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Neural
Networks
C
D
C–
D
D
Visualization
C
Decision
Trees
D
DD
C
C
C
C–
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CC
C
–
D
Polynomial
Networks
C
D
C–
–D
K-Nearest
Neighbors
D
–
DD
Kernels
C
DD
C–
D
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–D
D
© 1998 Elder Research
C
T8-30
D
C
Fast
Hot
Key
C
D
C good
DD
C
– neutral
DDD C–
C– C–
–
D
–D
C
–
D
D
C
D
D bad
updated October 19, 1998
CART
Cognos
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
SPlus
WizWhy
© 1998 Elder Research
Kohonen
Sequential Discovery
Time Series
Generalized Linear Models
Polynomial Networks
Rule Induction
Bayes
Radial Basis Functions
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Association Rules
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K Means
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Nearest Neighbor
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Multi-layer Perceptrons
Clementine
Darwin
Datamind
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
PRW
Linear/Statistical
Algorithms
Decision Trees
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
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T8-31
updated October 19, 1998
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Automatic Model Selection
Other Cost functions
Advanced Learning Alg.
Normalize Inputs
Cross-Validation
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Multiple Stop Criteria
Multiple Activation Functions
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Parameter Summary
NeuroShell
OLPARS
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Network Visual
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Momentum
Clementine
Darwin
Enterprise Miner
Intelligent Miner
Model 1
PRW
Learning Rate Decay
Multi-Layer
Perceptrons
Learning Rate
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
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updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Enterprise Miner: Neural Network
Training
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-33
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
PRW: Neural Network Training
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-34
updated October 19, 1998
CART
Scenario
S-Plus
See5
© 1998 Elder Research
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Visual Trees
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Pruning Severity
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Missing Data
Classification Costs
Other
CHAID
Priors
Clementine
Darwin
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
C5 or C4.5
Decision Trees
"CART"
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
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KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
CART: Tree Browsing
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-36
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Scenario: Tree Browsing
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-37
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Enterprise Miner: Tree Browsing
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-38
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Enterprise Miner: Tree Results
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-39
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
MineSet: Tree Browser
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-40
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Regression / Stats
Linear
Clementine
Y
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Clementine
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest Enterprise
PRW
S-Plus
S-Plus
Scenario
© 1998 Elder Research
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Logistic
Complexity
CrossPenalty
Validation
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Input
Selection
Factor
Analysis
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updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
MineSet: Bayes Distributions
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-42
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Enterprise Miner: Clustering Results
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-43
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Intelligent Miner: Clustering Results
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-44
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Intelligent Miner: Cluster Explode
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-45
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Data Loading and
Manipulation
Model Building
Model
Understanding
Technical
Support
Overall
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest Enterprise
PRW
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Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
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Usability
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-46
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Intelligent Miner: Statistics Report
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-47
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Scenario: Result Reporting
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-48
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
WizWhy: Reporting
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-49
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
DataCruncher: Output Sensitivities
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-50
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Darwin: Predictions
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-51
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Darwin: Lift Chart (Excel)
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-52
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
CART: Gains Chart
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-53
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Visualization
Pie
Histograms
Charts
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest Enterprise
PRW
CART
Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
© 1998 Elder Research
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Scatter/
Classification
Rotating Conditional
Line
Decision
Scatter
Plots
Plots
Regions
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updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Clementine: Visualization
User-created sub-region
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-55
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
OLPARS: Visualization
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-56
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
OLPARS: Decision Space
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-57
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Model 1: Target Sensitivities
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-58
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
MineSet: Geographical Visualization
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-59
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Automation
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
PRW
CART
Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
© 1998 Elder Research
Free Text
Annotation of
Steps
Method of Automation
Visual Programming, Programming Language
Programming Language
(Task manager)
Visual Programming, Programming Language
Macro Language, Wizards
(Wizards)
Data History, Log
Model Wizard
Batch Agenda
Experiement Manager; Macros
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√
Built-in Basic Scripting
Scripting (S); C/C++
T8-60
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
PRW: Experiment Manager
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-61
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Model 1: Model Summary
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-62
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
A Recent Breakthrough: Bundling
1) Construct varied models, and
2) Combine their estimates
Generate component models by varying:
• Case Weights
• Data Values
• Guiding Parameters
• Variable Subsets
Combine estimates using:
• Estimator Weights
• Voting
• Advisor Perceptrons
• Partitions of Design Space
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-63
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Example Bundling Techniques
• Bayes: sum estimates of possible models, weighted by priors
• GMDH (Ivakhenko 68) -- multiple layers of quadratic
polynomials, using two inputs each, fit by LR
• Stacking (Wolpert 92) -- train a 2nd-level (LR) model using
leave-1-out estimates of 1st-level (neural net) models
• Bagging (Breiman 96) (bootstrap aggregating) -- bootstrap data
(to build trees mostly); take majority vote or average
• Bumping (Tibshirani 97) -- bootstrap, select single best
• Boosting (Freund & Shapire 96) -- weight error cases by βτ =
(1-e(t))/e(t), iteratively re-model; weight model t by ln(βτ)
• Crumpling (Anderson & Elder 98) -- average cross-validations
• Born-Again (Breiman 98) -- invent new X data...
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-64
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Distinctives
Strengths
Weaknesses
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
GainSmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model 1
ModelQuest
PRW
vis ual inte rfa c e ; algorithm bre a d th
e ffic ient c lie nt-s e rve r; intuitive inte rfa c e o p tions
e a s e o f us e
d e p th of algorithm s ; visual inte rfa c e
data trans fo rmations , built on SAS ; a lgorithm option depth
algorithm bre a d th; graphical tre e /clus te r output
data visualization
e a s e o f us e ; automate d m o d e l dis c o ve ry
bre a d th of alg o rithms
e xte n s ive a lgorithms; automate d m o d e l s e le c tion
s c a lability
no uns upe rvis e d ; limite d vis ualization
s ingle a lgorithm
harde r to u s e ; ne w product is s ue s
no uns upe rvis e d ; limite d vis ualization
fe w a lg o rithm options ; no automation
fe w a lg o rithms; no model e xport
re a lly a ve rtical to o l
s o m e non-intuitive inte rfa c e o p tions
limite d visualization
CART
Scenario
NeuroShell
OLPARS
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
d e p th of tre e o p tions
e a s e o f us e
multiple neural ne twork archite c ture s
multiple s tatis tical algorithms; cla s s -bas e d vis ualization
d e p th of tre e o p tions
d e p th of algorithm s ; visualization; programable /e xte ndable
e a s e o f us e ; e a s e o f mode l unde rs tanding
difficult file I/O; limite d visualization
narrow analysis path
unorthodox inte rfa c e ; only neural ne tworks
date d inte rfa c e ; difficult file I/O
limite d visualization; fe w data options
limite d inductive m e tho d s ; s te e p le a rning curve
limite d visualization
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-65
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Closing Observations
• Data Mining Tools Can:
– Enhance inference process
– Speed up design cycle
• Data Mining Tools Can Not:
– Substitute for statistical and domain expertise
• Users are advised to:
– Get training on tools
– Be alert for product upgrades
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-66
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Index to Tools
(Page numbers in italics refer to screen captures)
Clementine
Darwin
DataCruncher
Enterprise Miner
Gainsmarts
Intelligent Miner
MineSet
Model1
ModelQuest
PRW
7, 8, 10, 18 , 20, 31, 32, 35, 41, 46, 54, 55 , 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 32, 35, 46, 51 , 52 , 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 19 , 20, 31, 46, 50 , 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 17 , 20, 31, 32, 33 , 35, 38 , 39 , 41, 43 , 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 35, 41, 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 16 , 20, 31, 32, 35, 41, 44 , 45 , 46, 47 , 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 14 , 20, 31, 35, 40 , 41, 42 , 46, 54, 59 , 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 22 , 23 , 31, 32, 35, 41, 46, 54, 58 , 60, 62 , 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 35, 41, 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 15 , 20, 21 , 31, 32, 34 , 41, 46, 54, 60, 61 , 65
CART
Neuroshell
pcOLPARS
Scenario
See5
S-Plus
WizWhy
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 35, 36 , 46, 53 , 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 32, 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 13 , 20, 31, 32, 46, 54, 56 , 57 , 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 24 , 31, 35, 37 , 41, 46, 48 , 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 35, 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 35, 41, 46, 54, 60, 65
7, 8, 10, 20, 31, 46, 49 , 54, 60, 65
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-67
updated October 19, 1998
KDD-98: A Comparison of Leading Data Mining Tools
Forthcoming Report
• Report provides detailed comparison of high-end
data mining tools, including capabilities, ease of
use, and practical tips.
• Available for $695 from Elder Research
(http://www.datamininglab.com), Q4 1998.
• Purchasers receive brief free consulting session to
explore report findings in more detail, if desired.
Note: The analyses and reviews were performed completely independently,
and were made possible by the cooperation of the vendors, for which Elder
Research is very grateful. The companies, however, provided no financial
support, and had no influence on its editorial content.
© 1998 Elder Research
T8-68
updated October 19, 1998