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Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Urban Transportation Planning MIT Course 1.252j/11.540j Fall 2006 Mikel Murga, MIT Lecturer and Research Associate Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Scope Summary TeleComs: ITS: Enabling Technologies Concept and Goals Automobile Oriented Transit Oriented Policy Arena: From deployment of new technologies towards organizational changes F.Salvucci and M.Murga 2 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Summary: ITS in a nutshell Objectives: Originally to address road congestion Later, transit, safety, logistics, demand management , security … Intermodal perspective Technology: TeleComs as the starting point Technical compatibility and integration Market driven Promises and realities Often, solutions in search of problems F.Salvucci and M.Murga 3 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Summary: ITS in a nutshell Policy Arena: Need to share and exchange information Institutional cooperation From a tactical tool towards a strategic approach Recent boost on behalf of road safety F.Salvucci and M.Murga 4 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Summary: ITS in a nutshell Main applications in the US: ATIS: AVCS Commercial Vehicle Operations APTS: Advanced Vehicle Control Systems CVO: Advanced Traveler Information Systems Advanced Public Transportation Systems ARTS: Advanced Rural Transportation Systems Ref: “Perspectives on Intelligent Transportation Systems” by Joseph M. Sussman, Springer 2005 F.Salvucci and M.Murga 5 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 TeleComs: Fastest growing sector in Europe 5% GDP: 4 million employed 300,000 new jobs (‘95 - ‘97) More to come: Telecommunications + Computing sectors Audio visual (3G video services) New mobile services, as…. More cellular phones than computers! F.Salvucci and M.Murga 6 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 400 160 300 120 Subscribers Jobs 200 80 100 40 Mio. subscribers Thousands jobs Telecom jobs are booming 0 0 1992 1997 2002 Mobile Telephony Figure by MIT OCW. F.Salvucci and M.Murga 7 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Projected E-commerce growth 1200 1000 1000 OECD $bn 800 600 400 Activmedia OECD 200 300 200 Forrester 30 0 7 1996 1997 1998 Sources: various forcasts as indicated 1999 2000 2001 2002 F.Salvucci and M.Murga 2003 2004 2005 Figure by MIT OCW. 2006 8 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Technology evolution IMT-2000 Capable Systems Functionality and Capabilities WCDMA 2 Mbps EDGE/EGPRS 384 kbps GPRS 115 kbps HSCSD Packet Switched 38.4 kbps / 57.6 kbps Circuit data Circuit Switched <9.6 kbps Speech 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Time Figure by MIT OCW. 11 F.Salvucci and M.Murga Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Technology evolution z SMS z SIM Toolkit z WAP z GPRS z Bluetooth z Terminals z Smartcards z E-commerce z Security z Positioning F.Salvucci and M.Murga 12 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 The challenges of telecom providers... z Mobility taking services from the desktop to the pocket for the ultimate in convenience z Towards ubiquitous computing z Security, payment, browsing and devices are key technology F.Salvucci and M.Murga 13 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Secure electronic financial transactions: Business-to-business, retail and administrative transactions Billing, payment, accounting Anonymous small payments .. ( Credit card usage at Newbury St for parkmeters) Reliable, tamper-proof smart cards and personal tokens – (using phones to pay for transit in Japan) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 15 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Europe Today Leads in: Mobile communications Digital television Digital local access Electronic payments and smart cards Lags in: Corporate IT investment Use of the Internet Electronic commerce PC industrial and technology development F.Salvucci and M.Murga 16 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 What sort of Information Society? EU Desideratum: Employment rich Socially inclusive Economically stable Culturally diverse Environmentally sustainable F.Salvucci and M.Murga 17 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 From TeleComs to: New ways to work Flexibility in time and place Better use of skills Reduced investment for new job creation Reduced overhead costs Financial viability for more new kinds of work Greater responsiveness F.Salvucci and M.Murga 18 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 A Rapidly Flattening World “The result … is the creation of a global network, Webenabled playing field that allows for multiple forms of collaboration – sharing knowledge and work – in real time, without regard to geography, distance, or in the future, even language” Thomas Friedman, “The World is Flat”, NY 2005 F.Salvucci and M.Murga 19 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 From TeleComs to:Teamwork and tele-work: Teamwork across borders and timezones Real-time and asynchronous Linking different types of workplaces Intra-company and inter-company New tools and standards F.Salvucci and M.Murga 20 ITS: Intelligent Transport Services Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 (As Part of the Information Society) ITS: Control, management and information tools aimed to improve the efficiency, safety and quality of service of the transportation system F.Salvucci and M.Murga 24 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 eEurope: Main Targets Key challenge is to meet the growing demand for mobility within the finite transport networks Congestion in road transport Speed up the development and deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems Safety of road, rail, air and maritime transport Active safety systems in vehicles Enhanced 112 with location information (equiv to US 911) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 25 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 eEurope Targets: ITS Deployment Timely and reliable information and guidance services (in real time, pre-trip/on trip) Effective congestion and demand management strategies (to reduce delays and to improve the environment, safety and intermodality) Efficient incident and emergency management (detection, verification, response) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 26 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 eEurope Targets: Road Safety Safety of road: New emphasis on account of 42,000 yearly deaths All new cars sold in Europe equipped with more efficient active safety enhancing systems All citizens on the move throughout Europe should have access to: call localization and emergency services through the 112 number, recognizing the language challenge F.Salvucci and M.Murga 27 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Urban Traffic: Traffic Signals Monitoring throughput: Recommended speeds Ramp metering Incident Management Signal priority for: Emergency vehicles Public transport F.Salvucci and M.Murga 28 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Real-time Information: Automobile traffic Public transport Parking Airport arrivals/departures Points of interest (POI) News, banking, stocks… F.Salvucci and M.Murga 29 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Payment sytems: Tolls Transit fares Parking Electronic purse Mobile-business F.Salvucci and M.Murga 30 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Urban Goods distribution: Fleet Management Real-time location Load consolidation Hazmat management F.Salvucci and M.Murga 31 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Intelligent Transport Services (ITS) Sectors involved: Transport Automobile industry Telecoms Banking Consumer electronics Tourism Mass Media ............................... F.Salvucci and M.Murga 32 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Automobile Traffic Information Systems Route Guidance and Navigation Location-based Services Parking Information Safety F.Salvucci and M.Murga 33 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Traffic Information Systems RTI center on-trip: - deviations from indicated travel times - new travel times and routes pre-trip: - trip request at departure - trip recommendation location Car F.Salvucci and M.Murga 34 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Traffic Information Systems Traffic Information User Data Map Information Content Positioning Data City Information Close "The next pharmacy..." My Program "My nicest day..." City Navigation "The fastest route..." My Profile "Do not forget the birthday of your mother-in-law..." Watchdog "My flight is delayed..." Refined Content City Highlights "Which club is still open..." Figure by MIT OCW. 35 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ls ne Pa Services M an y ia ed M In fo rm M at io or e n /P PC et rn In te Client access to Services D A G SM M ,G ob P ile R Ph S/W on A es P Ph on e, Fa x From Data to Information Services 3 Platforms e or er y M th M an ts W ea en Ev TM C oa ti D ng at C a ar Ro ad D Wo at rk a s Public Transport Fl S/ RD D et ec in tio g n Individual Traffic rk Pa Data Source, Subsystems Tr Pub an lic sp or t Content Figure by MIT OCW. F.Salvucci and M.Murga 36 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Traffic Information Systems Variable Message Signs SMS messages and WAP Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Traffic Message Channel (TMC) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 37 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Parking Information Information on availability Reservation and ID Guidance to: Available facility Actual spot F.Salvucci and M.Murga 40 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 From Traffic Control Centers (TCC) to Traffic Management Centers (TMC) Just a name change? F.Salvucci and M.Murga 41 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Seattle… Real time information on the Web Updated every minute F.Salvucci and M.Murga 42 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Seattle… From color coded maps to actual photographs of the traffic stream F.Salvucci and M.Murga 44 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Seattle… You can check in real time an incident Even choosing to see upstream impact F.Salvucci and M.Murga 46 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Paris…. Color coded maps, time estimates … and times by transit F.Salvucci and M.Murga 49 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Route Guidance and Navigation Human Machine Interface (HMI) Speech Recognition Related to safety Hands free speaking and listening Location-Based Services Accident location Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) – Collision Avoidance GPS and Galileo F.Salvucci and M.Murga 50 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Last Mile Services Based on Pre-Trip download Route indication Services 3D visualization of last mile Remote POI selection Ref: TeleAtlas F.Salvucci and M.Murga 51 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Last Mile Services Auto Tele Atlas Geocoded Mobile Mapping data Web Object Recognition Tools Tele Atlas Building Components Library Tele Atlas DB -Standard DB -2D city maps Building texture Information In TA DB Destination Ref: TeleAtlas F.Salvucci and M.Murga 53 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Road Safety (Last but not the least…) Emergency Calls Passive (airbags) and Active (collision avoidance) Safety Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Driver monitoring Vision enhancement Collision warning and avoidance Speed alert Elderly and people with disabilities F.Salvucci and M.Murga 58 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and the Car: Road Safety (Last but not the least…) Speed control in urban environments People driving through red lights Speed on urban environments Drivers through red lights F.Salvucci and M.Murga 59 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and Public Transport Real-time information for: Operators: Fleet management Travel time reliability Users: Waiting anxiety Real-time information anytime anywhere Route Planners Universal smart cards F.Salvucci and M.Murga 60 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS and Public Transport Operations Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) Automatic Passenger Counters (APC) Automatic Fare Payment (AFP) Bus Priority Systems Advanced Ticketing Fleet Management F.Salvucci and M.Murga 61 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS – The organizational constraint Easy to deploy within each turf, but hard to integrate across operators and modes F.Salvucci and M.Murga 68 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS Integration: A bumpy road ITS: Information + Communication + Integration F.Salvucci and M.Murga 69 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS Deployment ITS Deployment requires: Important organizational changes A new path from control to sharing information A transition from hierarchical systems to networks F.Salvucci and M.Murga 70 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS Integration: A bumpy road Let’s share information: The public needs a single source of multimodal information The operators can benefit by sharing real time info Let’s decide with others in mind: Impacts or synergies on third parties? Modularity of equipment and architecture? F.Salvucci and M.Murga 71 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS Integration: A bumpy road ITS is not a technical issue but a new frame for: > > > > Voluntary cooperation Seeing the big picture Bringing others into the decision process Adopting necessary new policies F.Salvucci and M.Murga 72 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS Deployment In short, ITS other than short-term mitigation tools, may serve : 9 9 9 9 To become catalysts for change To establish new two-way relationships To create new spaces for collaboration To provide a global vision of the transport system … But, ITS involves a long complex and difficult path (the road less traveled) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 73 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 ITS as a Tool - Main Objectives? To increase road capacity at low cost? Or, just an opportunity to promote a more efficient and diversified transport system? Should it be used to enhance mobility - Or to improve accessibility? Or perhaps, just to substitute some trips on certain days? F.Salvucci and M.Murga 74 Urban Transportation Planning – Fall 2006 Final thought We have to: master the technology envisage new applications from the existing technology, and retain a proper global perspective What do you think… Is ITS good or bad? What is its main contribution? Is technology in general good or bad? (See the Sept 2002 issue of the Atlantic Monthly on Home Security) F.Salvucci and M.Murga 75
