Sounding Observation Missions for
the Future EUMETSAT Polar System
Peter Schlüssel
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109
25 March 2010
1
Post-EPS candidate observation missions
Mission
Approach
High-Resolution Infrared Sounding
Phase 0 Study by ESA and CNES, Phase A study by CNES
Microwave Sounding
Phase 0/A Studies by ESA, Accommodation of ATMS (NOAA)
Radio Occultation Sounding
Phase 0/A Studies by ESA
Nadir viewing UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR Sounding
GMES Sentinel-5 accommodation
VIS/IR Imaging
Phase 0 Study by ESA, Accommodation of DLR METimage
Scatterometry
Phase 0/A Studies by ESA
Microwave Imaging – Precipitation and
Phase 0/A studies by ESA
Clouds
Multi-viewing, -channel, -polarisation Imaging Phase 0/A studies by ESA
Radiant Energy Radiometry
Accommodation of CERES (NOAA)
Low Light Imager
Accommodation of LLI (NOAA)
Space Environment Monitoring
Accommodation of SEM-N (NOAA)
Radar Altimetry
GMES Sentinel-3, JASON f/o
Dual View Radiometry
GMES Sentinel-3
Ocean Colour Imaging
GMES Sentinel-3
EUM/PEPS/VWG/10/0015 4 March 2010 Slide 2
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109 25 March 2010
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Post-EPS candidate missions
High-Resolution Infrared Sounding
Objectives
•
•
•
temperature/humidity profile at high vertical
resolution
sea/land/ice surface temperature
clouds, minor/trace gases
Heritage
•
IASI, AIRS
Baseline performance
•
as IASI
Breakthrough
•
2 x radiometric and 2 x spectral
resolution
Implementation
•
Phase-A study of IASI-NG by CNES
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IASI-NG: baseline characteristics (courtesy: CNES)
NedT @ 280K
IRS2 End of phase 0 CNES budget estimation; IRS2 SPECIFICATION
IRS2 SPEC
IRS2 phase 0
NedT @280K (K)
0,8
0,7
IRS7a : CO profile
IRS5b :
T profile, N2O & CH4 col
Priority
NWP
Pri 1
Chem
Pri 1
IRS4b : PAN
0,9
IRS4a : SO2
1
IRS3a : O3 prof
1,1
IRS2b : HNO3, CFC
IRS2a : C2H2, HCN,
PAN
1,2
IASI-NG Phase 0 instrument
MWP or
Chem
Pri >=2
Performance estimate
0,6
0,5
IASI-NG Phase A Requirement
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
Sigma (cm-1)
1400
1600
IRS5 :
Water vapour profile
1800
2000
IRS6 :
Water vapour profile
NO2 Column
2200
IRS7 : CO col
1200
IRS8 : T profile,
N2O & CO2 col
1000
IRS2 :
Temp & Water
vapour profiles,
surf & cloud
IRS4 :
surf & cloud
800
IRS0 :
IRS1 :
Water
Temp
vap
Profile
Prof
IRS3 :
O3 col
0
600
2400
IRS9 :
Temp
profile
2600
IRS10 :
IRS11
SST, surfaces and CH4
cloud properties
col
Spectral resolution: 0.15 cm-1 unapodized, 0.25 cm-1 apodised
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109
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2800
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Post-EPS candidate missions
Microwave Sounding
Objectives
•
temperature/humidity profiles in clear and
cloudy air
•
cloud liquid water total column
•
imagery: precip, cloud liquid
Heritage:
• AMSU-A, MHS
Baseline performance:
•
as AMSU/A, MHS
•
horizontal resolution as ATMS
Implementation:
•
embarkment of ATMS+ envisaged
•
ESA development at Phase A
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109
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MWS channels
Spectral Range (GHz)
Number of channels
23.8 – 31.4
2
water vapour column
50.3
1
quasi window, surface emissivity
52.8 – 57.29
13
temperature profile
89, 165.5
2
quasi windows, cloud liquid water
183.311
5
water vapour profile
229
1
quasi window, cirrus detection
118.7503
9
temperature profile
optional (low priority)
EUM/PEPS/VWG/10/0015 4 March 2010 Slide 6
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109 25 March 2010
Purpose
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Post-EPS candidate missions
Radio Occultation Sounding
Objectives
•
refractivity profiles at high vert. resolution
temperature / humidity profiles
PBL top and tropopause height
•
ionospheric electron content
Heritage
•
GRAS, COSMIC
Baseline performance:
•
GRAS (instrument), COSMIC (coverage)
Breakthrough
•
> 4000 occultations per day
•
tracking GPS and Galileo
Implementation
•
virtual constellation
•
ESA development for Post-EPS satellites
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Post-EPS candidate missions
Nadir Viewing UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR Sounding
Objectives
•
ozone profile and column
•
columns of SO2, NO2, H2O, CO, CH4
•
columns of BrO, HCHO, OCHCHO, CO2
•
aerosol optical depth
Heritage
•
GOME-2, SCIAMACHY, OMI
Baseline performance:
•
as GOME-2
Breakthrough
•
extension of spectral range into NIR/SWIR
•
horizontal resolution 15 km
Implementation
•
GMES Sentinel-5 to be embarked
on Post-EPS satellite, ESA development
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109
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EPS versus Post-EPS: mission evolution
Instrument
Metop
Post-EPS
645 to 2760 cm-1
NEΔT 0.1 - 0.6 K (<2400 cm-1)
Δν = 0.35 - 0.5 cm-1
pixel size 12 km
645 - 2760 cm-1
NEΔT ≤ 0.5 NEΔT(IASI)
Δν ≤ 0.5 Δν(IASI)
pixel size 12 km
15 + 5 channels:
23 - 190 GHz
33 channels (incl. low prior.):
23.8 - 229 GHz
GRAS → RO
GPS tracked
650 occultations / day
GPS and Galileo tracked
breakthrough @ 4000 occultations /
day
GOME-2 → Sentinel-5
0.29 – 0.74 µm
80x40 km2 resolution
14 bands: 0.27 – 2.385 µm
15 km resolution
6 channels:
0.58 – 12.5 µm
≥ 20 channels: 0.41 – 14.2 µm
spatial sampling 500 m,
2 solar channels sampled at 250 m
spatial resolution 50 km
dynamic range 4 - 25 m/s
spatial resolution 25 km
dynamic range 4 - 25 m/s
IASI → IRS
AMSU → MHS / MWS
AHVRR → VII
ASCAT → SCA
EUM/MET/VWG/10/0109
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EPS versus Post-EPS: new missions
Instrument
Post-EPS
MWI
up to 28 channels: 18.7 - 668 GHz
spatial resolution 50 km at low frequencies to 7 km at high frequencies
3MI
12 channels: 342 - 2130 nm
multi-channel, multi-viewing, multi-polarization
Spatial sampling 4 km
RER
3 broad spectral bands
angular sampling ≥ 3 views
spatial resolution 20 km
one broad-band channel 0.4 - 1.1 µm
spatial sampling 0.55 – 2.7 km
LLI
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Mission requirements (1/2)
Radiometric: dynamic range, bias, noise, polarisation
Spectral: spectral range and resolution
Geometric: coverage and spatial resolution
Increasing
No Additional Benefit
Performance
Objective
Threshold → Breakthrough → Objective
Prioritisation:
ranking of the above categories
prioritisation of spectral bands/channels
to identify and remove undesired design drivers
Generic requirements for climate monitoring
Delta Improvement in
Targeted Service
Threshold
No Value
Orbit stability: variations of systematic radiance errors in any single orbit
Long-term stability: variations of running average over one orbit
of systematic radiance errors
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Breakthrough
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Mission requirements (2/2)
Post-EPS Mission Requirements Document
prepared with strong support of PMET (chair: John Eyre)
endorsed by EUMETSAT Council
basis for industrial studies at Phases 0 and A
www.eumetsat.int/Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Future_Satellites/Post-EPS
industrial studies aim at achieving breakthrough levels
requirements will be relaxed in case of unwanted design drivers
Post-EPS End User Requirements Document (in preparation)
includes committed mission requirements for Phases B, C, D, E
derived on the basis of mission requirements and programmatic constraints
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