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Individual sample GIS and altitude
Bainham
BA1
BA2
BA3
BA4
BA5
BA6
BA7
BA8
BA9
BA10
BA11
BA12
BA13
BA14
BA15
S40 47.4279 E172 32.3423 84m
S40 47.4289 E172 32.3403 89
S40 47.4262 E172 32.3434 90
S40 47.4229 E172 32.3442 91
S40 47.4237 E172 32.3438 91
S40 47.4202 E172 32.3518 90
S40 47.4147 E172 32.3531 92
S40 47.4051 E172 32.3589 93
S40 47.3990 E172 32.3651 91
S40 47.3971 E172 32.3689 91
S40 47.3886 E172 32.3726 89
S40 47.4324 E172 32.3374 90
S40 47.4253 E172 32.3423 94
S40 47.4201 E172 32.3435 93
S40 47.4158 E172 32.3483 93
Onekaka
ONE1
ONE2
ONE3
ONE4
ONE5
ONE6
ONE7
ONE8
ONE9
ONE10
ONE11
ONE12
ONE13
ONE14
ONE15
S40 46.4158 E172 43.5070 63m
S40 46.3029 E172 43.5066 59
S40 46.3101 E172 43.5041 69
S40 46.3119 E172 43.5028 70
S40 46.3131 E172 43.4985 68
S40 46.3198 E172 43.4969 64
S40 46.3219 E172 43.4980 63
S40 46.3173 E172 43.5008 63
S40 46.3213 E172 43.4988 63
S40 46.3222 E172 43.5001 63
S40 46.3277 E172 43.5011 54
S40 46.3298 E172 43.5005 57
S40 46.3343 E172 43.5009 60
S40 46.3361 E172 43.4972 61
S40 46.3464 E172 43.5033 61
East Takaka
ET1
ET2
ET3
ET4
ET5
ET6
ET7
ET8
ET9
ET10
ET11
ET12
ET13
ET14
S40 54.4886 E172 50.1556 64m
S40 54.4815 E172 50.1746 57
S40 54.4812 E172 50.1744 53
S40 54.4751 E172 50.1843 51
S40 54.4764 E172 50.1914 46
S40 54.4408 E172 50.1828 51
S40 54.4424 E172 50.1842 56
S40 54.4404 E172 50.1876 59
S40 54.4393 E172 50.1853 53
S40 54.4369 E172 50.1862 63
S40 54.4356 E172 50.1863 65
S40 54.4331 E172 50.1877 64
S40 54.4279 E172 50.1858 61
S40 54.4277 E172 50.1860 61
1
ET15
S40 54.4279 E172 50.1860 63
Lake Ohau
LO1
LO2
LO3
LO4
LO5
LO6
LO7
LO8
LO9
LO10
LO11
LO12
LO13
LO14
LO15
S44 10.2345 E169 49.2639 557m
S44 10.2346 E169 49.2620 557
S44 10.2360 E169 49.2623 557
S44 10.2398 E169 49.2613 557
S44 10.2419 E169 49.2619 557
S44 10.2430 E169 49.2622 550
S44 10.2434 E169 49.2626 557
S44 10.2487 E169 49.2608 551
S44 10.2505 E169 49.2596 558
S44 10.2520 E169 49.2638 558
S44 10.2524 E169 49.2611 551
S44 10.2553 E169 49.2608 555
S44 10.2569 E169 49.2615 548
S44 10.2586 E169 49.2634 548
S44 10.2586 E169 49.2646 541
McLeans Island
MI1
MI2
MI3
MI4
MI5
MI6
MI7
MI8
MI9
MI10
MI11
MI12
MI13
MI14
MI15
S43 28.0097 E172 28.9612 70m
S43 28.0089 E172 28.9603 67
S43 28.0053 E172 28.9713 67
S43 28.0056 E172 28.9781 64
S43 28.0088 E172 28.9810 63
S43 28.0100 E172 28.9862 61
S43 28.0096 E172 28.9926 59
S43 28.0112 E172 28.9947 59
S43 28.0107 E172 28.9938 59
S43 28.0075 E172 28.9971 61
S43 28.0090 E172 28.9993 61
S43 27.9980 E172 28.9943 60
S43 27.9951 E172 28.9974 58
S43 27.9915 E172 29.0006 59
S43 27.9893 E172 28.9991 61
Hinewai Reserve
HIN1
HIN2
HIN3
HIN4
HIN5
HIN6
HIN7
HIN8
HIN9
HIN10
HIN11
HIN12
HIN13
S43 48.6232 E173 01.6525 467m
S43 48.6235 E173 01.6529 466
S43 48.6227 E173 01.6615 466
S43 48.6227 E173 01.6612 468
S43 48.6209 E173 01.6679 467
S43 48.6234 E173 01.6709 467
S43 48.6197 E173 01.6720 471
S43 48.6165 E173 01.6758 471
S43 48.6154 E173 01.6790 474
S43 48.6130 E173 01.6809 470
S43 48.6146 E173 01.6820 469
S43 48.6113 E173 01.6898 469
S43 48.6098 E173 01.6909 468
2
HIN14
HIN15
S43 48.6054 E173 01.6973 470
S43 48.6047 E173 01.6993 470
McLeans Island Pheromone Traps
MIPT1
MIPT2
MIPT3
MIPT4
MIPT5
S43 27.9963 E172 28.9546 63
S43 27.9910 E172 28.9665 62
S43 27.9911 E172 28.9660 60
S43 27.9846 E172 28.9749 56
S43 27.9780 E172 28.9707 60
Hinewai Reserve Pheromone Traps
HINPT1
HINPT2
HINPT3
HINPT4
HINPT5
S43 48.6198 E173 01.6667 469m
S43 48.6134 E173 01.6775 472
S43 48.6206 E173 01.6518 468
S43 48.6147 E173 01.6845 470
S43 48.6223 E173 01.6547 467
Trotters Gorge
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
TG1
TG2
TG3
TG4
TG5
TG6
TG7
TG8
TG9
TG10
TG11
TG12
TG13
TG14
TG15
S45 24.2626 E170 47.0303 45m
S45 24.2621 E170 47.0324 49
S45 24.2630 E170 47.0386 50
S45 24.2641 E170 47.0407 51
S45 24.2659 E170 47.0432 52
S45 24.2656 E170 47.0431 48
S45 24.2707 E170 47.0515 58
S45 24.2708 E170 47.0604 54
S45 24.2711 E170 47.0648 54
S45 24.2714 E170 47.0646 55
S45 24.2737 E170 47.0686 56
S45 24.2762 E170 47.0696 56
S45 24.2756 E170 47.0729 58
S45 24.2732 E170 47.0732 59
S45 24.2719 E170 47.0763 59
3
Appendix 2
Daily records of rainfall (mm)
Bainham 2002/3
Latitude (deg.deg)
40.5
Longitude (deg.deg)
172.32
Height (m)
63
Date
Mar
Apr
May
1
35.6
4.6
2
8
1.1
3
1.7
Jun
Jul
30.4
6
31.9
7
0.7
8
4.7
0.2
4.9
109
11
0.2
5.6
49
42.1
17
0.4
11.7
0.9
18.1
0.3
3.2
14.4
0.3
3.1
9
25.2
3.3
4.6
2.5
11
23.5
1.2
12
1.6
18.2
21.2
17.3
55.2
43.6
14
0.7
75.9
19.3
13.5
21.8
22.6
17
40.4
146
18
2.7
4.7
19
61
20
75.5
21
28
20.3
22
1.7
17
90
14.9
22
2.9
3.3
1.1
5.7
4.2
5.3
23
32
2.8
69.3
11
4.1
59.8
3.6
10
47.9
15.7
0.2
36.1
23
0.9
21.8
15.7
14.2
3.7
24
145
0.8
1.7
52.2
1.7
25
7.4
4.9
0.3
26
8.6
19.9
16.1
27
5.3
31.5
48.4
12.8
20.2
19.3
30.8
54.6
3.4
30
2.6
4.5
13
0.8
1.2
22.9
27.7
247
211
624
107
247
10.6
10
30.1
0.8
26
5.5
109
5
10
75.6
8.2
1
5.1
6.4
649
49.8
9.5
6.6
9.1
0.4
4.6
0.7
0.8
14
329
3.2
25
6
31
Total
29
0.2
34
15.7
10.2
0.1
15
5.4
3.6
25
0.1
12.2
30
44
18.3
42.1
26
2.4
24.4
19.5
1.1
43.1
28.9
Mar
15.5
8.9
38
29
3.6
27.1
1.3
3.6
9.7
37
30.8
28
24.8
2.5
10.9
0.7
Feb
57.7
63.9
11.4
15.6
Jan
4.5
18.2
13
Dec
40
8.4
10
16
Nov
70.4
36.3
15
Oct
13.2
6.8
0.3
Sep
7.5
4
5
Aug
254
8.4
286
395
163
125
59.5
Station Name is: Takaka,Kotinga 2
Latitude (deg.deg)
-40.867
Longitude (deg.deg.)
172.8
Height (m)
25
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
1
10.5
0
0
0
2.0
0.0
11.8
0.0
12.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
2
0
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
42.4
1.5
9.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.0
3
0
0
0
0
0.9
41.9
22.6
7.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
4
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.6
5
0
19.6
1.1
0.9
1.8
0.0
0.1
0.0
6.6
14.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
6
0.3
9.8
1.4
0
8.4
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.2
17.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
7
0.3
0
0
0
5.5
0.0
32.6
0.1
0.0
35.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0
0
0
3.4
1.3
1.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.9
0.0
0.0
9
0
0
0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.9
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
10
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.2
4.1
0.0
2.3
0.9
9.8
0.0
0.0
11
0
0
0
0
2.8
1.8
0.0
4.6
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.6
4.2
0.0
0.0
47.8
49.8
0.0
0.0
13
2.8
0
0
24.9
0.0
42.1
0.0
6.8
0.0
0.7
3.4
0.0
0.0
14
0
0
0
28.2
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
15
0
0
0
2.7
0.0
6.2
0.0
3.5
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
3.6
0
0
13.5
2.7
0.0
0.0
9.1
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
4.6
0
0
52.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.1
0.8
16.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
18
3
0
0
0.2
0.5
1.0
19.3
1.1
0.0
2.3
0.0
3.3
0.0
19
21.2
0
13.2
0
0.6
1.0
20.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.4
13.9
0.0
20
14.5
0
2.9
30.8
0.0
0.0
2.8
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.6
0.0
21
6.4
0
40
1.7
2.7
0.0
0.1
0.5
11.1
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.0
22
0.1
0.5
15.1
2.4
0.2
0.0
4.6
0.0
3.0
0.0
2.9
0.3
0.0
23
0
0.8
15
1.5
0.0
5.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
24
0
75.4
0.3
0
0.0
49.0
0.0
26.9
1.6
28.9
2.9
0.0
0.0
25
0
0.1
0.2
0
4.0
2.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
0
14.5
1
1.4
0.0
0.0
24.2
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27
0
2.1
10.5
25.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
2.2
28
0
2.5
5.7
16.4
0.0
0.5
44.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
38.5
29
2.6
0
0
19.3
0.0
0.0
11.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.0
30
0
0
0
19.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.0
31
TOTAL
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
33.7
159
69.9
0
125.3
106
250
4.3
248.2
89
77
166
79.6
22.4
121
East Takaka 2002/3
Latitude (deg.deg)
-40.544
Longitude (deg.deg.)
172.5
Height (m)
50
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
1
10
20
2
12
4
Aug
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
8
3
4
Sep
55
10
5
62
7
8
5
5
6
23
7
10
9
38
8
47
9
3
10
7
11
3
12
13
36
7
21
3
4
8
5
3
54
14
30
7
15
22
4
16
7
17
5
13
18
5
78
19
4
20
17
21
18
5
23
12
24
12
25
7
2
4
27
16
40
28
2
10
5
5
152
4
87
94
80
4
2
26
31
TOTAL
1
20
25
4
37
15
17
17
54
30
1
1
27
22
29
60
3
4
115
42
3
15
3
1
33
10
10
39
274
48
218
249
86
48
143
73
16
73
16
37
Station Name is: Christchurch Aero
Latitude (deg.deg)
-43.483
Longitude (deg.deg)
172.533
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
0.0
1.2
0.0
Jan
Feb
Mar
0.0
0.0
0.0
1
1
26.8
1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0
1
1
0
0.0
0.2
1.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.4
10.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
5
0
7.8
0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0
5.2
0
0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
7
0
1.4
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0
0
0
0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
0
0
0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
7.6
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
11
0.4
0
0
0
1.8
0.0
1.4
2.0
11.2
0.0
9.2
0.0
0.0
12
0
0
0
0
1.0
4.8
0.0
6.8
0.2
0.2
5.0
0.0
0.0
13
0.8
0
0
0
5.2
0.2
3.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
14
0.2
0
0
4.4
2.4
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
15
0
0
0
7.2
6.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0
0.2
0
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
20.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
17
2.4
0
2.6
24
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18
2
0
0.2
4.4
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
22.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
20
0
0
0
19
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
21
0
3.4
0
4.8
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
22
0
0.2
0
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23
0
0
22.6
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.8
0.0
24
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
11.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
18.4
0.0
0.0
25
0
0
2
0
1.2
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
26
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27
0
1.8
0
4.6
0.0
1.6
0.0
3.2
1.4
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
28
0
36
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
29
0
3
0
12
0.0
0.0
12.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
0
0.4
0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
31
TOTAL
17.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.0
20
25
31.4
43.2
32.2
0
87.2
29.6
87
0.0
32.6
36
Station Name is: Twizel
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
1
4.5
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1.5
9.3
0.0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
1.9
88
14.6
12
46.4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
0
7.8
0
1.4
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0
0
0.3
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0
0
0
0.1
0
0.0
4.5
0.0
9
1.2
0
0
0
0
29.8
0.0
0.0
10
0
0
0
3.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
11
0
0.1
0
8.2
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13
0
0
0
4.1
2.2
0.6
0.0
0.0
14
1.3
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
2.0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0
0.1
0
0
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
17
4.7
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
18
0
0
0
0
4.9
1.5
6.8
0.0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
6.5
0.0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0
0.0
21
0
0
4.2
0
0.2
0.8
7.1
0.0
22
0
0
0.5
8.1
0
0.0
0.4
0.0
23
0
0
10.6
1.7
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.4
1.1
25
0
0
0
5.6
0
0.0
0.7
0.0
26
0
0.2
0
0
0
0.0
11.1
0.0
27
0
5.2
0
6.4
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28
0.5
8.5
0
0.3
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29
0
0
0
3.6
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
0
3
0
0.2
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31
0
0
0.0
9.2
34
Total
12
0
25
15.6
43
0.0
47
5
Station Name is: Chain
Hills
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.0
8.1
3.7
18.3
0.0
0.0
11
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.3
0.0
0.0
12
0.0
14.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
1.6
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
15
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
13.1
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.3
0.0
19
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
20
8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
21
2.3
0.0
4.5
0.0
18.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
22
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
24
0.0
2.4
0.0
1.5
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.3
8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
31
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.4
17.3
22.6
29
44
0
0
0
0
0.0
33.8
11.1
40.3
44
4.5
Station Name is: Tara Hills Edr
Date
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Feb
Mar
1
Mar
2.8
Apr
May
0.0
Jun
0.0
Jul
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jan
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.4
0.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
3
0.0
2.8
2.6
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
5
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
6
0.0
0.0
7.2
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
11.2
0.0
7.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
10
0.0
0.0
9.8
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
4.6
19.8
0.0
0.0
11
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.6
1.4
0.2
19.0
0.0
0.0
12
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
3.6
0.2
0.0
1.0
13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
13.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
4.4
0.0
14
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
15
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.6
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
0.8
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.6
0.0
18
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
7.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
13.8
0.0
19
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
6.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.0
5.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
21
0.0
0.0
0.6
6.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
12.4
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
22
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
24
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
25
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
27
9.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
28
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
30
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
6.4
22
37
55.4
4.8
36
41
46.2
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
31
TOTAL
4
16.4
7.2
65
0.0
33.8
10
Station Name is: Oamaru Aws
Date
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Jan
Feb
Mar
1
0.4
6.8
0
0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0.2
0
1.8
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
3
0
0
0
0
0.0
1.2
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
4
0
0
0
0
0.0
8.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
5
0
4.6
0
2.8
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
6
0
2.6
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
7.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
8
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
9
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
10
0.2
0.2
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
11
0
0.2
0
0
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.4
2.8
12
0
0
0.4
0
0.4
19.2
0.2
1.6
1.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
13
2.8
0
0
0
4.2
3.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
4.4
0.0
14
0
1
0
14.8
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.2
0.0
15
0
0
0.2
0.4
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0
0
0
3.6
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.2
4.4
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
4
0
0.2
25.8
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.8
8.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.0
18
0
1.2
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
3.0
0.0
19
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
20
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
21
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.2
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
22
0
0.2
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
23
0
0
7.8
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.0
3.0
0.0
24
0
0
0.6
0
0.8
0.4
1.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
25
0
5.6
5
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
26
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.8
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.2
27
0
16.6
0
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
22.2
0.4
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
28
0
53.6
0
0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.4
1.6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
29
5.2
0.6
0
9.6
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.8
30
0
3
0
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
31
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.2
96.2
16.6
66.2
18.6
33.6
12.8
37.2
53.6
23.4
29.2
38.6
27
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
5.4
0
0.0
3.8
Station Name is: Palmerston
Date
Mar
Apr
May
1
0
8.7
0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
0
0
5.5
0
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
3
0
0
0.5
0
0.0
2.5
0.0
8.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4
3.1
0
0
0
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
5
0
3
0
4.1
0.0
1.4
0.3
1.0
3.5
0.0
32.8
0.0
0.0
6
0
0.9
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
7
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
8
0.7
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9
1.1
0
0
0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10
0
0.5
0
0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
22.4
2.8
0.0
0.2
11
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.1
2.7
4.7
0.0
1.1
12
0
0
0
0
1.5
16.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.7
13
1.7
0
0
0
4.8
6.3
0.7
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.4
7.8
0.0
14
0
0.6
0
11
12.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
15
0
0
0
0
12.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
0
0
0.6
0
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.8
4.4
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
17
2.2
0
0.5
14.9
0.0
1.9
0.0
2.4
2.5
0.1
0.0
13.9
0.0
18
0
0
0
0
0.1
2.9
0.3
2.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
19
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
20
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
21
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.0
22
0
0
0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
23
0
0
5.3
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.2
3.9
1.8
0.0
24
0
0.8
3.2
0
0.4
1.4
1.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
25
0
1.7
5.2
0
3.9
2.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
26
0
0
0.4
8.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
3.6
1.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
27
0
31
0.7
4.8
0.0
0.0
2.2
6.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28
0
54.2
2
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.6
1.2
0.4
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.3
29
4.9
0.5
0
5
0.1
0.0
9.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.9
30
0.7
2.6
0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.8
31
TOTAL
11.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.6
37.8
41.1
30.2
56
25.7
0
105
23.9
56.8
0.0
32.3
36.9
31
43.4
27.0
Appendix 3
Daily minimum and maximum temperatures (ºC)
Bainham 2002/03
Mar
Date
Min
Apr
Max
Min
1
May
Max
5
Min
15
Jun
Max
Min
Jul
Max
Aug
Min
Max
Min
Max
8
14
9
15
4
15
2
11
14
8
10
3
14
3
12
15
9
12
4
12
4
15
17
7
13
10
15
5
11
17
7
11
8
11
6
8
15
8
13
9
12
7
15
7
10
16
7
15
8
12
5
14
8
8
17
12
17
8
12
7
12
7
17
12
16
5
13
6
13
9
7
14
10
7
17
9
18
11
15
7
15
4
15
11
8
17
10
20
12
15
9
13
5
14
12
13
16
8
17
12
15
5
13
6
15
13
10
17
7
18
7
16
12
16
4
13
6
14
14
15
22
7
19
12
16
13
15
9
15
10
13
15
14
21
7
17
12
16
10
14
9
13
8
11
16
14
18
9
16
11
16
9
11
6
13
7
11
17
15
18
7
17
7
15
9
15
5
13
18
10
13
8
19
7
14
7
15
4
12
19
9
18
8
16
10
13
9
14
4
11
20
15
21
10
17
8
15
8
10
8
15
21
16
20
9
18
8
14
10
15
6
14
22
14
18
12
17
7
15
11
14
5
15
23
10
18
10
17
8
14
11
14
4
16
24
9
19
12
16
7
13
7
12
10
14
25
10
18
15
18
11
14
8
13
26
10
16
13
18
11
15
9
15
27
7
16
14
18
8
14
6
15
28
13
20
11
16
8
11
3
14
29
13
20
9
15
12
13
5
13
7
14
30
16
18
8
13
9
12
2
13
7
16
31
10
15
4
14
4
16
Average
12.11
18.21
6.84
12.89
6.13
13.77
9.39
Bainham 2002/03
Sep
Oct
Date
Min
Min
1
5
Max
14
9
16.70
9.21
15.58
Nov
Max
16
Min
13
9.96
14.00
Dec
Max
18
2
9
13
12
15
12
15
3
10
13
9
13
11
15
Min
Max
4
10
14
5
12
6
12
5
8
16
5
15
7
15
6
7
17
8
14
7
15
7
5
15
7
13
10
20
8
11
15
5
14
13
18
9
10
15
5
16
10
16
11
20
10
5
14
3
17
11
17
13
21
11
5
14
11
15
10
16
12
20
12
6
13
10
16
7
18
13
19
13
5
14
6
15
10
21
15
18
14
5
17
4
13
12
18
15
17
15
10
18
6
15
9
16
12
18
16
7
14
9
14
9
17
12
18
17
8
15
13
15
8
15
12
17
18
11
13
9
16
7
16
13
18
19
11
14
10
17
9
20
10
15
20
8
13
4
12
13
20
10
18
21
8
13
5
15
13
22
12
20
22
8
13
11
15
13
19
13
18
23
6
15
8
16
11
19
11
20
15
20
12.44
18.56
24
8
16
10
16
10
20
25
6
15
12
17
10
20
26
9
16
9
16
27
11
14
8
15
10.04
17.52
28
10
16
9
14
29
11
15
8
10
30
9
16
9
13
10
17
8.03
14.74
31
Average
8.07
14.67
Bainham 2002/03
Jan
Feb
Date
Min
Min
Max
Mar
Max
Min
Max
1
12
21
16
22
2
12
24
10
20
3
9
18
10
22
4
8
23
5
9
25
6
10
20
7
12
21
8
9
15
9
11
16
10
11
17
11
10
18
12
9
24
13
15
23
14
13
22
15
15
20
16
14
18
17
11
18
18
9
15
19
7
20
20
9
18
21
8
21
22
11
21
23
11
23
24
15
23
10.83
20.17
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Average
12.00
21.33
Onekaka 2002/03
Latitude
(deg.deg)
40.4627
Longitude
(deg.deg)
172.4326
Height
(m)
68
Date
Mar
Min
Apr
Max
May
Min
Max
1
12
16
2
11
24
3
11
26
4
9
27
Min
10
Jun
Max
Max
17
5
14
19
11
16
6
14
16
9
16
7
13
20
10
17
9
18
8
Min
Jul
Aug
Min
5
12
Max
Min
Max
14
16
8
14
7
13
9
11
17
12
17
8
13
10
13
18
13
16
4
13
11
17
14
17
4
14
14
5
13
5
15
11
13
16
12
14
17
11
13
18
21
11
24
5
11
14
16
21
10
26
4
11
15
16
30
11
19
11
5
16
11
31
10
23
6
12
17
16
20
11
24
9
15
18
13
23
10
17
10
15
19
10
20
11
20
10
15
20
13
19
15
18
10
14
7
13
21
12
19
11
19
11
14
9
14
5
12
22
12
28
8
15
8
12
8
14
8
14
23
12
23
9
16
9
12
8
15
7
15
24
18
23
9
15
5
15
8
16
6
14
25
15
20
5
15
11
17
8
13
5
13
26
13
18
10
15
6
15
27
11
17
7
14
6
15
28
9
16
10
3
14
6
14
29
10
17
12
14
7
17
30
9
18
6
13
10
20
7
22
6.37
14.68
13
31
Average
14.00
22.92
Onekaka 2002/03
Sep
Date
Min
11.11
19.26
Oct
Max
9.47
15.47
Nov
Min
Max
11.29
15.14
Dec
Min
Max
Min
Max
1
7
15
13
28
2
6
16
16
21
15
27
3
4
5
6
9
14
7
8
14
8
8
18
13
16
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
7
13
12
16
11
26
17
5
15
11
17
11
21
18
7
19
11
17
15
22
19
7
19
11
17
7
19
16
29
20
5
16
11
19
11
20
14
28
21
5
17
7
16
13
27
22
6
18
14
26
23
14
25
24
17
21
25
17
24
26
13
18
7.36
13.00
27
8
21
28
11
23
29
15
24
15
21
30
14
24
13
23
31
Average
6.11
16.44
Onekaka 2002/03
Jan
Date
Min
10.10
16.40
Feb
Max
Min
26
13
26
22.75
13.88
24.25
Mar
Max
1
14
23
2
17
24
3
15
23
16
24
4
18
25
13
23
15
5
17
12.63
Min
Max
18
26
23
12
21
6
15
25
13
25
13
23
7
14
23
15
25
14
22
8
14
26
15
24
9
17
24
13
22
10
17
22
14
25
13
22
11
18
22
17
26
15
23
12
18
24
17
25
14
19
13
18
23
16
27
14
10
19
15
23
15
11
20
13
23
16
13
23
13
24
17
16
21
14
25
18
14
23
15
24
19
15
24
20
13
18
21
15
25
13
20
22
15
23
11
17
23
15
21
11
22
24
12
24
12
23
25
15
24
15
24
26
18
23
16
26
27
13
23
19
25
20
27
14.68
23.91
14.11
22.44
28
29
30
31
Average
15.00
22.88
Station Name is: Takaka,Kotinga 2
Mar
Date
Max
Apr
Min
Max
May
Min
Max
Jun
Min
Max
Jul
Min
Max
Aug
Min
Max
Min
Average
1
21.5
11.5
17.1
6.2
18.7
4.0
14.1
3.6
15.2
8.8
13.2
0.3
2
25.5
13.8
19.0
1.5
18.3
2.4
16.1
0.4
13.9
2.5
15.1
0.5
3
24.1
12.5
17.4
3.9
19.9
5.4
17.7
2.5
14.9
1.0
14.4
0.0
4
23.7
8.5
20.1
3.9
22.9
6.9
17.1
2.3
13.4
2.9
19.2
4.4
5
19.5
9.3
20.6
5.5
19.9
6.6
16.6
2.8
11.4
4.4
14.9
5.2
6
20.1
9.0
15.9
11.0
19.1
6.5
15.2
2.5
11.4
3.1
14.3
8.7
7
22.1
7.4
20.0
6.2
20.0
5.6
15.4
0.2
13.2
5.0
15.0
7.5
8
24.6
10.1
17.3
5.5
19.5
2.9
16.0
1.3
14.1
1.7
15.5
2.1
9
22.8
9.9
18.7
6.0
18.9
4.3
16.5
6.5
13.6
0.4
14.9
6.0
10
22.0
11.0
19.1
9.0
20.3
4.9
17.1
8.8
15.2
0.5
15.4
-4.0
11
22.5
14.3
14.0
6.6
20.2
5.2
17.8
4.0
13.4
2.4
15.1
2.4
12
20.8
7.0
16.4
11.0
16.9
6.0
18.2
6.3
13.3
7.9
19.6
5.9
13
21.8
8.8
18.5
12.4
19.6
7.2
17.8
12.0
13.9
3.2
16.2
9.7
14
23.3
13.4
19.5
7.0
16.7
5.3
15.0
11.5
13.3
-0.1
15.9
11.2
15
23.6
12.5
18.6
6.5
17.1
3.8
14.3
9.4
14.5
-1.0
12.5
5.9
16
24.3
5.3
19.3
9.6
16.3
5.1
10.8
6.0
14.5
2.2
11.7
4.5
17
22.0
11.5
18.6
5.1
15.8
4.7
15.0
5.5
13.7
2.1
13.5
1.9
18
18.1
11.6
20.1
8.6
15.5
6.0
16.0
7.0
12.5
0.3
14.2
2.5
19
22.8
6.0
20.1
5.4
11.9
6.2
15.0
3.6
16.7
2.9
15.1
-1.5
20
26.6
11.1
16.7
9.1
15.5
5.7
-
5.4
16.0
3.9
17.0
0.5
21
24.8
17.1
21.6
7.1
16.4
9.5
15.8
6.7
14.0
6.6
16.1
0.8
22
24.8
14.0
18.9
10.8
15.8
8.2
17.5
2.5
16.5
5.6
15.0
2.5
23
20.0
9.0
17.1
13.2
17.4
6.5
16.5
3.8
16.3
4.5
15.4
0.6
24
20.5
6.2
17.5
11.9
13.2
6.1
14.5
2.4
17.1
7.0
14.1
4.9
25
21.6
7.4
19.5
12.6
15.5
6.5
15.3
1.6
13.1
4.9
16.1
4.8
26
20.4
7.8
20.7
12.9
13.7
3.9
18.5
3.4
13.9
7.5
13.1
4.0
27
22.2
8.5
21.6
15.1
14.7
8.6
14.1
5.4
12.8
4.2
14.9
1.0
28
24.6
7.1
19.8
15.1
11.4
4.9
13.1
5.8
13.3
2.1
13.3
1.1
29
27.1
11.0
16.2
7.5
14.5
1.6
13.1
8.4
15.6
2.8
13.9
4.8
30
24.5
16.8
15.9
3.3
15.4
-0.2
13.9
8.5
13.4
-0.5
15.6
4.1
31
18.3
10.4
14.4
1.6
13.9
0.0
15.0
1.9
22.6
10.3
16.9
5.2
14.1
3.2
15.0
3.4
18.5
8.3
15.7
5.0
Station Name is: Takaka,Kotinga 2
Sep
Date
Oct
Nov
Dec
1
Max
13.4
Min
1.5
Max
18.9
Min
5.2
Max
20.1
Min
5.9
Max
25.5
Min
8.0
2
14.7
5.1
18.6
4.2
17.8
7.1
22.0
12.5
3
13.2
11.5
16.3
4.9
19.5
8.5
23.0
12.0
4
17.1
9.8
13.1
2.1
20.0
4.5
22.1
11.1
5
18.8
5.3
17.8
0.4
15.5
10.5
22.2
11.9
6
15.0
5.1
15.1
4.3
19.0
7.5
18.2
16.2
7
17.5
0.5
13.5
6.4
19.6
5.8
17.5
13.0
8
19.3
7.5
13.8
7.5
20.4
5.7
21.6
10.1
9
17.4
4.5
17.0
2.2
19.2
7.9
23.0
8.0
10
16.8
9.0
18.9
1.9
22.0
7.9
22.5
9.1
11
15.1
8.4
17.7
5.6
15.6
7.0
21.6
6.9
12
14.4
3.7
15.7
7.9
15.5
4.5
19.1
9.7
13
16.9
2.6
14.9
2.7
15.6
5.0
20.3
11.0
14
14.5
2.1
13.1
3.9
21.9
4.5
19.5
14.0
15
18.5
2.5
16.0
2.1
24.0
7.1
16
18.3
4.4
16.4
3.5
21.5
14.0
20.5
7.5
-
6.1
17
20.5
2.9
19.6
4.8
16.5
7.0
17.3
-
18
14.4
6.2
19.3
10.2
17.0
2.5
16.9
12.1
19
15.7
11.8
17.9
4.4
18.8
4.8
20.8
7.2
20
14.9
5.1
19.9
4.8
19.4
5.6
23.1
11.0
21
16.0
2.7
18.5
8.5
18.5
7.2
23.0
7.8
22
-
0.3
18.1
5.5
15.2
11.6
21.2
11.0
23
19.0
2.0
18.0
4.0
16.5
10.1
24.2
8.0
24
21.4
4.8
16.9
4.5
16.6
7.4
23.7
15.0
25
13.3
4.2
18.9
10.4
19.7
8.5
18.2
10.3
26
13.8
2.0
20.4
7.6
23.4
7.7
20.2
4.8
27
17.5
2.6
19.5
6.9
21.6
11.1
21.5
7.5
28
20.0
4.2
16.0
4.0
24.6
12.0
18.6
11.7
29
17.0
6.4
17.9
2.0
23.0
15.4
20.8
7.4
30
17.4
5.9
20.5
3.0
21.0
11.5
24.2
8.2
21.3
4.5
16.6
4.8
17.4
4.8
19.3
7.9
21.1
10.0
31
Average
Station Name is: Takaka,Kotinga 2
Jan
Date
Feb
Mar
1
Max
20.8
Min
9.6
Max
24.6
Min
12.6
Max
27.0
Min
17.5
2
20.9
11.2
24.6
16.0
22.9
16.8
3
24.2
9.9
23.4
9.5
22.6
17.2
4
25.0
9.4
21.7
12.6
20.6
7.9
5
27.8
15.2
19.2
13.4
21.0
8.9
6
21.8
11.0
26.5
8.1
22.1
8.4
7
26.5
8.9
22.1
9.0
25.0
8.9
8
25.4
12.6
23.2
9.5
24.7
12.9
9
-
13.0
25.9
8.9
22.3
8.6
21.9
14.7
24.6
9.4
24.5
2.8
10
11
23.3
17.0
28.2
12.0
26.0
12.9
12
20.8
15.5
22.9
15.2
20.8
9.0
13
18.4
12.8
25.4
11.1
21.9
9.6
14
20.4
7.2
23.8
10.9
23.2
8.6
15
19.9
5.9
22.4
7.5
22.0
9.0
16
23.1
9.0
22.9
7.7
22.4
7.9
17
18.6
12.6
23.2
9.0
22.2
9.1
18
20.2
10.9
25.5
14.8
21.2
12.1
19
25.4
9.5
20.3
6.8
22.4
7.1
20
26.7
15.5
19.3
4.9
22.7
5.1
21
23.3
9.0
19.6
10.6
23.1
7.0
22
25.8
12.0
17.4
7.8
24.5
9.4
23
21.5
10.5
21.1
6.4
25.1
8.8
24
22.1
7.8
21.0
9.0
25.1
8.1
25
21.0
8.9
23.9
8.2
23.4
7.9
26
21.8
7.7
26.3
10.1
23.9
11.0
27
22.2
13.4
25.3
13.1
24.1
13.9
28
22.5
5.5
26.1
16.9
21.1
14.9
29
22.1
7.6
20.8
15.6
30
22.5
9.3
21.6
15.7
31
24.3
7.8
21.5
16.0
22.7
10.7
23.0
10.6
Average
23.2
10.4
Station Name is: Christchurch Aero
Latitude (deg.deg)
-43.483
Longitude (deg.deg)
172.533
Mar
Date
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
1
Max
18.9
Min
7.6
Max
10.2
Min
5.3
Max
14.0
Min
5.0
Max
10.3
Min
-5.2
Max
8.9
Min
5.0
Max
11.4
Min
0.1
2
24.3
12.1
12.9
5.8
19.1
1.0
15.7
-1.9
8.7
-2.2
9.4
-2.5
3
23.4
9.7
17.2
5.9
23.3
2.4
14.6
1.3
13.1
-3.8
13.0
0.3
4
24.0
5.0
16.5
6.7
26.1
8.6
14.0
0.0
11.0
-2.8
16.9
4.3
5
17.0
9.0
18.7
7.7
11.4
7.5
17.0
1.3
9.4
-2.3
8.5
5.2
6
19.3
9.0
15.6
8.3
21.4
1.9
9.9
2.5
11.7
0.9
8.1
0.7
7
18.4
11.4
12.1
6.6
16.5
7.3
11.1
0.4
14.0
1.5
12.7
2.6
8
25.2
9.3
14.9
5.3
14.9
1.8
16.5
1.0
13.5
-1.6
15.0
1.8
9
21.1
7.0
15.5
8.8
20.4
5.6
16.1
2.8
9.5
-1.1
10.2
3.1
10
16.5
12.9
15.7
3.3
20.8
4.4
15.7
-0.7
9.0
-3.7
15.8
-2.5
11
16.8
11.1
14.1
11.9
22.6
7.0
15.8
0.6
11.8
-0.3
18.6
1.8
12
17.7
9.2
14.5
10.8
13.8
5.7
17.8
4.4
8.1
2.5
22.2
12.2
13
21.8
9.9
16.2
11.4
14.1
3.4
21.0
8.1
7.4
3.9
14.2
6.7
14
19.2
11.9
22.0
8.5
13.9
3.0
16.4
9.5
5.9
3.0
18.1
8.5
15
20.6
9.7
12.8
11.6
13.7
7.3
5.0
4.9
5.5
3.4
12.2
5.2
16
23.0
12.7
15.3
1.7
14.2
-0.8
7.2
-3.5
8.3
3.4
8.9
6.8
17
22.2
9.6
15.2
7.0
13.1
3.3
3.3
-1.6
8.5
1.6
10.0
4.0
18
16.4
11.1
19.0
3.9
12.2
7.5
4.5
0.1
9.3
-2.7
8.8
1.4
19
27.1
4.2
14.0
8.3
15.5
3.3
9.2
-1.6
15.9
-0.4
13.4
3.8
20
17.9
10.0
15.2
10.4
15.9
8.6
6.5
-2.2
17.8
1.1
12.8
-0.9
21
25.8
13.6
15.8
8.0
13.9
4.1
5.5
-1.5
18.1
5.5
15.9
-2.9
22
23.5
11.9
16.0
10.2
20.2
5.6
13.5
-3.2
10.0
6.5
16.2
-2.4
23
22.2
3.9
15.4
10.9
14.6
3.8
14.1
0.6
13.0
-0.9
13.4
-2.4
24
25.5
5.8
20.4
11.2
12.4
4.1
10.7
-0.4
10.4
1.3
17.8
2.1
25
18.6
10.1
22.5
13.9
14.3
-2.6
15.4
0.4
9.4
4.8
13.9
5.9
26
17.4
7.9
15.1
9.6
14.7
0.0
15.3
1.4
8.6
1.6
9.3
0.9
27
20.7
7.5
19.0
8.2
13.6
-4.4
9.2
4.8
8.7
-1.9
8.7
3.8
28
27.3
6.9
14.2
11.3
11.0
-1.4
15.1
-0.7
8.8
-5.1
10.6
5.3
29
26.8
11.5
11.0
7.5
11.0
0.4
7.1
0.6
10.0
-3.8
13.8
-0.7
30
23.0
8.4
16.4
2.1
12.3
-3.8
9.9
3.0
14.1
-4.1
15.1
2.3
31
17.0
7.6
10.2
0.1
11.4
-1.6
13.9
3.6
21.2
9.3
15.6
3.2
10.6
0.2
13.2
2.5
Average
15.8
8.1
12.1
0.8
Station Name is: Christchurch Aero
Sep
Date
Oct
Dec
1
Max
17.8
Min
0.7
Max
15.0
Min
3.1
Max
22.2
Min
10.5
Max
18.4
Min
12.7
2
12.3
4.2
20.7
1.5
10.0
5.1
19.9
13.4
3
12.0
6.9
9.6
5.0
13.0
1.7
19.8
12.2
4
21.2
5.6
10.6
1.9
16.6
4.5
18.8
12.7
5
19.1
2.3
12.2
-2.0
26.2
5.5
22.7
13.4
6
14.8
3.7
10.9
5.6
21.8
8.0
27.4
14.5
7
17.7
3.5
11.7
-2.3
16.8
0.3
23.4
14.9
8
22.2
8.9
12.4
2.4
18.0
8.3
14.0
10.0
9
16.7
1.2
16.8
4.0
23.8
11.0
16.5
7.9
10
19.5
7.7
20.6
-1.9
24.9
6.0
25.1
5.9
11
16.9
4.6
11.6
9.0
16.7
7.2
23.2
5.6
12
10.9
2.5
13.7
3.7
12.2
4.5
25.5
11.5
13
11.0
-1.0
9.8
4.8
15.9
5.9
21.6
11.0
14
11.5
0.0
10.2
1.8
23.7
8.9
19.4
9.2
15
22.3
-0.6
14.2
-3.3
25.2
2.4
18.9
4.1
16
23.2
2.8
15.6
2.8
9.0
8.3
21.6
5.8
17
22.1
1.8
19.6
7.6
10.3
3.6
15.0
11.8
18
17.7
11.3
23.0
9.5
10.7
4.2
16.5
10.3
19
18.0
13.1
17.1
2.4
10.1
5.9
19.7
4.9
20
13.1
6.5
21.5
8.7
17.3
6.2
19.0
7.4
21
17.6
0.2
19.5
8.3
14.9
8.3
20.1
12.9
22
20.0
5.9
18.4
3.3
15.0
7.5
20.9
13.6
23
19.7
4.9
17.5
1.4
14.9
2.7
27.9
14.2
24
17.8
4.0
16.9
3.8
16.2
10.5
20.5
8.9
25
10.0
2.0
23.2
11.3
20.0
10.6
27.1
10.9
26
20.0
1.0
17.9
7.1
25.2
11.3
21.1
10.3
27
18.5
8.0
16.7
4.8
24.5
13.0
18.8
1.9
28
17.1
-1.2
11.3
4.6
20.0
15.2
16.7
9.2
29
14.4
6.1
14.5
-1.1
15.6
11.7
18.3
5.1
30
13.6
2.0
18.7
-0.7
18.6
11.5
20.5
6.3
20.2
2.6
28.2
6.3
15.9
3.5
20.9
9.6
31
Average
Nov
17.0
4.0
17.6
7.3
Station Name is: Christchurch Aero
Jan
Date
Max
Feb
Min
Max
Mar
Min
Max
Min
Average
1
21.8
12.1
23.1
18.3
22.8
15.3
2
23.5
11.1
23.9
9.0
22.9
14.8
3
24.7
14.5
20.7
6.3
24.8
15.2
4
23.0
14.3
16.3
11.2
24.5
10.4
5
20.6
15.6
19.6
5.7
20.8
4.3
6
21.5
8.5
26.5
13.2
20.1
9.4
7
19.8
13.4
20.7
10.8
20.4
12.0
8
21.2
14.3
25.8
15.6
20.1
13.3
9
21.5
15.2
21.6
12.9
21.0
4.3
10
22.0
15.5
22.9
10.9
18.9
4.0
11
20.3
14.9
31.8
12.1
19.8
9.4
12
12.7
12.5
19.8
12.5
19.3
13.1
13
15.6
9.0
27.9
14.3
21.9
12.0
14
15.6
8.0
21.1
15.8
20.5
7.3
15
21.3
5.0
19.5
9.1
18.4
12.8
16
22.3
5.3
21.4
9.7
15.7
6.4
17
20.4
14.0
28.7
9.5
16.3
5.3
18
21.4
13.2
25.6
17.0
18.5
2.3
19
29.3
12.0
22.0
12.5
19.6
4.9
20
22.6
9.5
20.5
1.5
22.6
13.6
21
22.0
11.9
15.4
5.9
20.5
13.8
22
31.0
14.7
16.4
5.1
25.1
10.6
23
24.4
7.5
19.8
3.3
24.5
7.9
24
17.6
7.5
17.5
11.0
21.0
9.5
25
16.2
7.3
19.1
5.4
21.0
14.0
26
23.5
8.1
21.4
10.2
22.0
15.1
27
22.6
11.7
21.9
14.2
22.7
10.1
28
23.5
5.0
21.5
16.1
17.8
13.5
29
23.3
7.8
17.0
14.5
30
23.6
7.8
19.3
13.5
31
30.5
13.8
18.0
14.4
21.9
11.0
20.6
10.5
21.9
10.7
Hinewai
Latitude (deg.deg)
43.486
Longitude (deg.deg)
173.0155
Height (m)
465
Mar
Date
Apr
Min
10.0
Jul
Aug
1
2
21.0
8.0
7.5
4.5
14.0
3.0
12.5
4.0
4.0
-1.0
10.5
1.0
3
19.5
10.5
11.0
6.5
18.0
7.5
8.5
4.5
7.5
2.0
12.5
6.5
4
19.5
6.5
17.0
9.0
21.5
7.0
12.0
5.0
9.5
1.0
13.5
2.5
5
12.0
5.5
17.0
5.0
12.5
3.5
7.5
1.0
5.0
0.0
6
14.5
9.0
11.0
5.5
5.0
2.5
10.0
4.5
6.5
0.0
7
15.0
10.5
8.5
4.5
18.0
2.0
11.0
3.0
10.0
3.0
7.5
3.5
8
20.5
9.0
10.5
5.5
15.5
5.5
14.5
6.0
6.0
2.0
11.5
3.0
9
20.0
8.0
9.5
5.0
19.0
11.5
14.5
4.5
6.0
0.5
4.5
0.5
10
11.5
7.0
17.5
5.0
19.5
13.0
13.0
6.5
10.5
5.5
12.0
1.0
11
12.0
7.5
10.5
7.5
18.0
7.0
12.5
6.5
9.0
0.5
13.5
10.5
12
15.5
7.5
10.0
8.0
11.5
5.0
6.0
1.5
17.0
2.5
14.5
5.5
9.0
3.0
0.5
13.0
3.5
Max
6.0
Min
3.0
Max
9.0
Min
3.5
Max
8.0
Min
-1.0
Max
4.0
Min
2.0
Max
8.5
Min
0.0
4.5
1.0
14.0
3.5
15.0
14
20.5
7.5
19.5
8.0
15.0
1.0
15
18.5
10.0
10.0
4.0
14.5
2.5
2.5
-0.5
16
19.0
9.0
14.0
4.5
9.5
4.0
5.5
-0.5
17
15.0
8.0
11.5
4.5
8.5
5.5
4.5
0.0
18
13.5
4.5
16.0
8.5
7.5
6.0
5.0
1.0
19
19.5
7.5
9.5
7.0
5.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
20
18.5
9.5
14.0
5.5
14.5
7.5
7.0
0.0
8.5
2.5
21
21.5
12.0
15.0
8.0
14.0
10.5
7.5
1.5
13.0
4.5
22
16.0
6.0
14.5
9.0
10.5
5.5
23
17.5
9.5
13.5
1.5
9.5
2.5
14.0
5.0
24
21.5
11.0
6.0
1.5
13.0
3.0
25
12.5
7.0
8.0
0.5
26
14.5
8.0
20.0
5.0
8.0
-0.5
27
19.5
14.0
16.5
9.5
6.5
-1.0
12.5
2.0
28
22.5
10.2
11.5
4.5
5.0
0.5
9.0
2.5
29
22.0
9.0
6.5
4.0
7.0
2.0
8.0
4.5
30
17.5
6.5
12.5
4.0
7.0
2.0
8.5
4.0
31
13.0
2.5
6.5
5.5
-1.5
17.4
8.4
5.9
12.1
4.4
Average
Hinewai
Sep
Max
1
Jun
Max
17.0
13
Date
May
12.6
Oct
Min
Max
Nov
Min
Max
20.5
9.6
Dec
Min
7.0
Max
13.5
Min
10.0
3.0
15.0
-0.5
8.0
-1.0
4.5
-0.5
4.0
-0.5
4.0
-0.5
4.0
1.5
5.0
-0.5
5.5
1.5
10.0
2.5
10.5
0.0
12.0
4.0
8.5
1.5
11.5
5.5
7.3
1.2
10.0
2.6
2
13.5
6.0
16.5
5.0
7.5
2.5
15.5
9.0
3
11.5
6.0
5.5
-1.0
9.5
5.0
17.5
8.5
4
17.5
8.0
7.5
2.0
15.0
8.5
17.5
10.0
5
18.5
3.5
8.5
3.0
19.5
7.0
20.0
12.0
7.0
0.0
6
13.5
4.0
7
16.0
9.0
18.0
3.0
23.5
16.0
13.0
4.5
20.0
7.5
8
11.0
0.5
9.0
6.5
9
19.0
5.5
15.5
7.5
20.0
5.0
20.5
8.0
21.0
6.0
11
10
18.0
2.0
12.5
1.5
12
6.0
2.5
5.5
2.0
13
6.0
0.5
14.0
5.0
16.0
0.5
14
13.0
1.5
5.5
-1.0
20.5
6.5
16.5
4.0
15
19.0
6.0
13.0
2.5
20.0
6.5
15.0
7.5
16
20.0
11.0
15.0
6.5
7.0
2.0
18.0
8.0
17
19.5
10.5
16.0
9.0
7.0
1.5
10.0
5.5
18
14.5
10.5
18.5
4.0
19
20
19.0
6.0
21
5.5
3.0
12.0
5.0
6.5
4.5
16.5
6.5
14.0
6.0
17.5
8.5
17.5
4.5
18.0
8.5
22
23
16.0
0.5
24
13.5
-1.0
17.0
2.5
23.0
6.5
25
10.0
-1.0
18.0
8.5
22.0
8.5
17.0
2.5
26
16.0
7.5
12.5
6.0
21.0
1.0
27
14.5
2.0
11.5
1.5
24.0
16.5
28
14.0
7.0
5.5
2.5
19.0
8.5
29
8.0
0.5
9.5
4.0
10.5
8.5
30
11.0
4.5
14.0
10.5
31
Average
Hinewai
14.1
4.6
Jan
Date
13.5
6.5
18.5
11.0
12.9
3.9
Feb
Max
17.5
14.3
5.5
Mar
1
Max
20.5
Min
11.0
2
20.5
12.0
3
22.5
10.5
19.5
9.5
4
23.0
12.0
18.5
10.5
5
21.0
7.5
14.5
10.5
6
19.5
10.0
16.0
5.0
20.5
Min
10.0
7.5
Max
15.0
Min
14.0
19.0
14.0
7
16.0
10.5
25.5
7.0
17.0
7.0
8
15.0
11.5
24.0
10.5
15.5
5.5
9
14.5
12.5
18.5
11.0
16.0
6.5
10
19.0
13.0
20.0
15.0
15.5
7.5
11
18.0
10.5
25.5
8.5
12.0
9.0
12
10.5
6.0
15.5
10.5
14.5
9.0
19.0
14.5
24.5
12.5
17.6
8.3
13
10.0
5.0
26.0
12.5
16.0
9.5
14
10.0
4.5
18.5
5.5
20.5
9.0
15
15.5
6.5
14.5
7.5
14.5
8.0
16
20.0
9.0
21.0
14.0
10.5
6.5
17
15.0
11.0
24.0
16.0
10.5
4.5
18
16.5
11.5
20.0
11.5
18.5
6.5
19
24.0
8.5
17.5
4.0
15.5
4.0
20
21
20.5
10.0
8.5
4.0
22
25.0
9.5
11.0
4.0
24.0
8.5
23
19.0
4.0
18.5
8.0
22.5
8.5
24
13.5
5.0
12.5
5.5
21.0
7.5
25
11.0
5.5
19.0
9.0
15.0
11.5
26
19.5
7.5
17.0
12.5
19.0
10.5
27
19.0
6.5
15.5
13.5
19.5
7.0
28
19.0
7.5
15.0
13.5
15.5
9.5
29
19.0
9.5
12.5
11.0
30
23.5
14.5
17.0
11.0
31
26.0
14.5
18.5
6.0
Average
18.2
9.2
16.7
8.7
18.4
9.4
Station Name is: Twizel
Latitude (deg.deg)
-44.25
Longitude (deg.deg)
170.1
Height (m)
457
Mar
Date
Max
Apr
Min
Max
May
Min
Jun
Jul
1
Max
13
Min
6
Max
8
2
18
3
16
Min
-7
3
17
-2
21
2
16
-1
4
23
0
24
13
16
2
5
17
9
7
8
-1
6
14
7
0
8
-5
7
14
7
4
12
-4
8
12
2
18
5
13
1
9
22
0
21
7
14
-1
10
13
8
15
6
14
0
11
16
20
7
15
3
12
20
17
3
9
8
13
16
6
14
2
2
-10
14
17
2
13
-1
6
-7
15
16
2
13
3
-4
1
16
20
3
11
-3
-7
-12
Max
6.0
Min
2.0
6.0
-2.0
17
18
5
11
1
-4
-12
18
19
8
9
1
8
-13
19
14
6
9
1
10
-3
20
16
8
8
-2
10
-6
21
17
9
12
2
10
-3
22
19
5
8
3
4
3
23
21
6
6
2
8
1
24
16
12
10
1
4
-1
6
1
8.08
-2.8
25
14
9
12
-4
26
10
5
9
-3
27
14
-1
9
-1
28
9
-1
29
10
-4
30
9
-3
12.93
1.9
31
16.6
Average
5.04
6
Station Name is: Tara Hills Edr
Latitude (deg.deg.)
-44.517
Longitude (deg.deg)
169.9
Height (m)
488
Mar
Date
Apr
1
Max
21.9
Min
5.3
2
18.6
3
Max
May
Min
Jun
Max
13.3
Min
4.6
9.2
15.6
18.9
8.4
4
20.4
5
6
Max
Jul
Min
Max
5.4
Min
2.8
2.5
5.8
-2.3
21.1
4.8
10.1
-0.9
9.2
22.3
11.6
11.7
-1.0
19.5
1.7
15.3
6.5
7.9
-3.8
26.2
1.7
16.8
-0.2
7.2
-3.9
7
24.0
3.7
18.1
2.4
8.2
-2.7
8
22.3
7.5
18.1
1.6
10.9
-2.1
20.7
6.5
8.5
-1.8
16.6
8.6
5.1
-2.9
9.1
-1.9
9
23.5
9.9
10
18.6
10.5
23.0
11
21.0
8.9
15.0
2.8
18.8
7.6
12
24.9
3.1
15.9
2.4
17.7
2.9
13.8
2.3
8.2
0.1
13
24.9
7.5
18.2
-1.2
15.4
0.0
12.8
7.4
1.9
-4.8
14
21.6
8.6
19.1
3.9
14.2
3.2
8.9
7.4
4.3
-3.9
15
24.2
2.8
14.9
4.6
14.0
5.6
1.8
0.0
1.8
-4.2
16
20.2
11.0
18.0
-0.1
11.3
-3.0
-0.6
-7.8
4.1
-1.9
17
16.9
6.4
17.3
0.0
10.6
0.7
-0.9
-6.3
3.0
-3.0
18
17.6
7.3
21.5
3.7
9.8
0.1
1.8
-3.0
2.0
-4.0
19
22.2
2.8
17.5
3.7
8.4
4.1
-3.6
-4.8
11.6
-4.2
20
20.2
3.0
20.1
7.8
9.0
-1.6
-5.8
-9.1
15.1
0.6
4.6
18.7
1.6
10.8
0.7
-3.4
-5.9
10.8
5.7
21
0
22
16.7
4.2
8.0
0.4
7.2
-8.1
9.9
0.8
23
16.1
8.1
9.0
-1.8
6.6
-2.2
10.4
-2.5
24
16.9
3.2
9.8
-0.3
9.2
-3.4
6.7
-2.6
25
20.8
6.7
11.5
-3.3
11.9
-0.7
5.1
-3.6
26
22.5
6.5
11.4
0.0
8.6
1.3
6.0
0.2
27
15.3
9.3
9.4
-4.5
5.0
2.9
6.6
2.1
28
13.3
9.7
11.5
-4.3
10.1
-1.3
6.2
-5.2
29
8.9
5.1
5.0
-1.9
4.5
-6.6
30
14.7
0.0
8.4
0.8
10.3
-5.0
8.7
-2.0
7.3
-2.1
31
21.4
Average
6.3
17.4
4.1
13.9
2.0
5.1
-4.3
Station Name is: Tara Hills Edr
Aug
Date
Nov
Oct
Dec
1
Min
-4.2
Max
13.9
Min
3.9
Max
16.8
Min
2.2
Max
16.9
Min
2.5
Max
25.2
Min
13.3
2
10.3
-4.2
10.8
3.1
16.6
5.7
9.4
5.6
27.2
11.2
3
7.7
-3.0
10.4
5.2
12.4
5.9
16.8
-0.4
27.7
9.2
4
11.1
1.4
16.6
0.9
12.5
-0.4
20.2
6.0
25.3
9.9
5
6.6
-0.2
16.2
3.6
13.5
-1.0
15.5
5.6
26.5
8.7
6
8.2
-1.9
18.0
-0.5
13.3
-2.4
17.2
5.5
26.2
8.6
7
6.5
-2.8
17.4
4.1
15.0
1.1
14.6
0.6
20.8
11.8
8
8.3
-2.4
15.9
4.6
19.0
-1.3
18.9
-1.6
16.0
7.6
9
9.2
-0.2
13.5
0.2
19.2
0.1
15.9
9.0
24.5
1.6
10
14.9
-3.0
11.7
4.7
16.9
1.3
17.8
8.5
18.5
-
11
16.2
2.1
9.9
0.6
15.7
5.3
11.0
6.1
17.5
8.5
12
14.7
8.4
9.5
-3.4
13.9
0.8
12.1
2.7
17.8
9.2
13
4.1
0.1
11.1
-0.6
8.0
-1.2
21.6
-0.5
14.9
5.5
14
12.9
0.4
13.4
-3.8
11.7
0.0
21.1
6.2
-
5.0
15
13.1
0.4
15.7
2.5
11.0
-
21.2
5.0
21.0
16
11.8
-0.3
19.5
6.0
14.5
-
8.8
7.4
23.8
6.6
17
7.3
-0.7
14.9
8.5
18.5
3.5
8.0
0.8
26.2
10.8
18
4.9
-2.3
16.6
9.2
17.7
7.4
12.6
3.5
24.4
7.9
-
19
11.1
0.1
11.1
8.1
14.0
1.4
15.1
4.7
24.5
8.9
20
13.7
-0.6
6.7
2.6
15.8
7.3
23.9
-0.9
21.6
13.8
21
11.8
-1.9
11.2
-1.0
15.5
3.4
21.1
5.2
19.8
4.7
22
14.7
-1.8
14.5
3.7
16.9
0.1
17.5
6.2
19.1
9.0
23
11.3
-0.5
14.6
4.2
16.9
4.4
19.3
6.0
14.4
2.2
24
11.6
2.5
11.8
4.5
21.6
-1.3
19.6
4.5
17.8
0.0
25
11.8
2.6
10.2
-0.9
18.1
8.0
21.5
7.3
19.3
7.9
26
6.0
-0.7
16.4
-0.2
17.6
6.5
20.3
6.6
25.9
1.9
27
9.6
1.7
12.4
4.2
12.3
2.1
24.1
12.6
26.5
7.2
28
12.4
-3.6
14.1
-1.3
11.1
2.8
24.5
10.0
31.1
9.8
29
12.2
-3.9
9.9
6.1
14.6
-1.8
18.0
9.5
30
16.3
-0.4
16.3
-0.6
17.7
-1.6
24.8
10.6
17.9
4.0
13.5
2.6
15.4
2.1
17.6
5.2
22.4
7.7
31
Average
Sep
Max
9.1
14.0
-2.1
10.8
-0.7
Station Name is: Tara Hills Edr
Jan
Date
1
Max
31.9
Feb
Min
8.7
Max
23.1
Mar
Min
10.8
Max
27.8
Min
9.3
2
28.8
9.3
25.1
6.7
26.2
11.9
3
27.8
12.7
27.3
3.6
18.5
13.0
4
22.5
11.7
19.1
7.2
18.5
7.9
5
22.7
9.2
28.4
1.7
21.2
4.1
6
26.3
3.0
29.8
7.4
20.3
6.5
7
25.6
5.2
28.5
8.2
21.5
2.2
8
29.5
5.9
25.5
8.4
24.7
4.0
9
27.2
10.0
27.1
9.2
23.6
5.1
10
20.4
14.5
27.5
11.0
23.3
3.2
11
22.0
11.8
25.2
11.9
18.3
8.2
12
14.0
10.8
21.6
6.6
21.2
10.8
13
17.0
5.0
26.6
5.9
22.3
10.1
14
17.2
6.5
15.0
12.6
22.3
5.1
15
24.4
3.3
23.6
1.4
21.0
5.5
16
27.5
7.7
25.4
6.0
22.9
9.4
17
25.3
12.2
21.9
12.0
20.8
3.9
18
24.9
10.6
16.9
10.7
23.9
0.3
19
22.0
12.3
12.6
7.0
26.7
2.1
20
22.8
10.7
14.7
2.7
26.0
3.9
21
22.5
12.5
11.3
3.6
27.7
3.6
22
22.7
12.3
19.4
1.2
27.0
5.2
23
17.3
6.1
22.7
3.1
22.3
10.3
24
15.9
5.4
21.4
5.6
24.5
6.3
25
14.4
6.2
25.4
4.2
24.1
5.4
26
21.9
3.7
26.7
5.6
24.3
4.6
27
21.3
10.0
25.5
5.3
23.9
7.3
28
20.1
5.2
23.6
8.7
23.3
4.5
29
22.9
6.4
14.7
12.7
30
28.3
5.7
20.2
10.7
31
24.8
14.7
14.3
11.0
23.0
8.7
22.5
6.7
Average
22.9
6.7
Station Name is: Oamaru Aws
Latitude (deg.deg)
-44.967
Longitude (deg.deg)
171.067
Height (m)
30
Mar
Date
Average
Apr
Max
Min
May
Jul
1
19.1
12.3
Max
10.4
2
24.0
13.0
13.8
6.1
17.6
2.9
7.9
-0.3
3
22.9
9.1
17.6
5.7
21.0
4.5
12.4
1.1
4
20.0
6.9
15.6
6.8
26.1
10.2
10.0
-2.0
5
18.5
7.8
12.7
9.0
12.1
10.0
10.9
-2.1
6
17.4
4.8
14.8
8.1
21.1
5.1
6.8
1.9
7
17.9
10.2
15.9
5.6
15.4
7.0
11.7
-0.4
8
23.8
6.7
13.2
4.7
18.5
3.3
12.4
0.2
9
16.6
10.5
14.2
3.4
23.9
8.2
9.7
-2.8
10
15.2
12.0
15.0
5.0
21.5
13.1
7.1
0.0
11
14.8
10.7
12.8
10.6
15.8
11.7
9.6
-2.1
12
18.1
8.8
15.8
9.7
17.1
8.0
10.0
0.0
13
20.0
8.2
16.2
6.5
11.7
8.9
7.6
0.8
14
18.8
10.3
17.2
2.5
13.7
2.4
6.4
2.3
15
19.3
7.5
12.0
9.9
14.2
6.3
6.9
1.8
16
24.0
9.6
12.9
3.4
13.4
2.8
7.9
2.2
17
18.0
8.9
16.0
7.6
13.1
3.4
8.2
-0.6
18
19.0
10.1
18.9
6.2
11.9
4.6
6.9
-2.7
19
26.3
9.0
12.3
10.0
11.3
6.1
16.6
-0.5
20
19.1
9.3
15.2
4.4
14.0
4.9
19.7
5.3
21
24.4
10.1
15.8
7.6
11.8
3.6
17.2
6.8
22
19.6
7.8
12.7
7.8
15.1
5.3
11.0
6.4
23
20.9
6.4
14.9
9.2
11.0
3.8
10.7
0.9
24
23.5
8.9
16.5
5.4
12.3
4.3
9.5
-2.2
25
17.6
8.0
16.5
8.9
8.5
1.8
8.4
-1.5
26
18.2
9.7
17.3
10.0
10.8
0.1
9.7
3.0
27
22.7
9.4
13.8
10.6
8.2
-3.5
8.4
-2.5
28
26.9
10.6
12.2
11.3
7.3
-1.9
7.4
-3.7
29
27.0
8.2
11.3
6.5
10.1
3.7
8.0
-2.9
30
19.6
10.4
18.2
3.5
10.8
0.5
11.4
-2.8
31
16.3
3.2
10.0
-0.8
12.5
3.8
20.3
9.0
14.3
4.7
10.0
0.4
14.7
Min
5.9
Max
15.1
Min
6.7
7.1
Max
8.5
Min
5.0
Station Name is: Oamaru Aws
Aug
Date
Sep
Oct
Nov
1
Max
8.1
Min
-1.5
Max
10.4
Min
3.0
Max
16.0
Min
1.6
Max
21.1
Min
8.3
2
10.2
-2.3
13.3
5.2
10.5
2.5
9.8
5.8
3
9.1
0.2
9.7
5.7
10.6
6.0
12.5
2.0
4
9.8
0.1
21.3
4.0
10.7
0.3
15.5
6.2
5
7.6
5.9
15.9
0.7
14.2
2.6
20.4
3.4
6
8.7
2.2
14.5
1.7
10.3
4.4
19.1
8.5
7
9.2
2.1
14.4
5.4
11.5
-1.2
13.1
5.5
8
12.2
0.4
21.4
6.9
12.5
0.7
20.9
3.9
9
11.6
1.4
15.2
1.2
16.2
0.1
17.4
9.3
10
16.9
-2.1
18.0
5.4
16.0
1.2
22.5
4.7
11
20.3
6.6
15.3
0.8
10.6
7.7
14.5
9.5
12
18.9
14.2
11.4
0.8
13.2
2.6
11.2
4.6
13
8.8
5.0
11.6
2.4
9.9
1.9
14.8
4.1
14
18.4
5.1
20.0
-2.3
10.9
2.8
16.6
4.6
15
11.8
2.5
24.0
7.0
12.0
-0.2
23.3
5.0
16
10.2
7.7
19.8
5.7
11.9
5.0
10.8
7.0
17
10.8
4.9
16.1
4.1
15.9
6.2
10.2
3.2
18
7.8
0.7
17.4
10.4
15.7
8.5
11.8
4.3
19
14.4
2.7
11.8
6.5
15.4
2.6
12.7
6.4
20
12.3
0.3
15.5
1.0
20.4
5.8
13.6
3.9
21
16.3
1.9
18.9
4.3
20.8
3.5
12.7
8.2
22
17.4
2.1
21.1
6.8
17.2
5.2
13.6
6.7
23
14.4
-1.1
17.8
4.1
16.9
6.4
15.2
6.5
24
14.4
1.1
12.8
2.2
15.3
2.9
16.0
3.8
25
14.7
5.2
16.1
0.5
16.4
10.6
15.3
10.0
26
9.0
2.5
18.1
4.7
15.4
6.8
24.3
7.5
27
10.0
5.5
16.3
0.5
10.7
8.1
17.3
12.1
28
11.2
-1.4
9.8
6.5
11.7
4.9
15.1
11.1
29
13.7
0.8
14.5
1.8
12.6
1.5
14.2
9.9
30
14.6
0.9
15.8
2.4
17.8
11.1
31
12.6
0.7
18.3
3.5
12.4
2.4
14.0
3.8
15.8
6.6
Average
15.9
3.7
Station Name is: Oamaru Aws
Jan
Date
Feb
Mar
1
Max
23.3
Min
9.6
Max
18.3
Min
13.1
Max
21.3
Min
15.8
2
18.7
9.9
19.8
5.2
24.1
15.6
3
21.0
14.0
19.8
7.5
24.7
16.4
4
17.9
14.3
16.5
10.3
22.7
8.2
5
17.7
13.5
19.0
6.3
19.5
7.9
6
22.1
7.5
18.9
9.2
16.6
11.7
7
17.9
11.7
22.2
10.5
18.7
5.2
Average
8
21.1
9.6
20.5
11.1
19.9
7.1
9
21.2
12.6
16.1
12.3
14.5
9.3
10
18.7
14.2
18.5
9.8
16.7
12.3
11
18.4
14.4
20.5
9.3
14.7
12.2
12
16.1
10.3
18.3
11.2
14.0
11.2
13
15.4
6.1
24.1
7.8
18.9
9.8
14
14.2
7.2
14.1
12.0
18.5
8.2
15
17.1
5.1
16.2
4.7
16.0
11.3
16
17.6
7.2
20.0
7.8
16.0
10.0
17
17.3
12.3
20.1
10.0
15.4
7.2
18
17.9
12.5
17.5
10.2
18.0
5.2
19
22.7
12.2
14.6
8.7
17.9
5.6
20
21.7
7.5
20.2
3.0
16.7
8.4
21
21.1
9.9
14.1
3.9
18.9
11.1
22
29.0
14.4
15.2
4.0
16.3
11.4
23
17.0
7.2
15.8
4.1
22.1
8.7
24
16.0
8.8
14.5
9.9
19.8
8.1
25
15.8
6.6
18.6
5.4
18.1
12.1
26
23.4
7.6
18.2
6.9
19.9
14.0
27
16.7
10.4
19.6
9.9
21.7
10.9
28
16.6
4.9
20.0
14.0
18.9
12.2
29
20.4
8.0
14.4
12.1
30
23.8
7.4
14.5
12.5
31
31.2
12.9
14.7
11.1
19.6
10.0
18.2
10.4
18.3
8.5
Palmerston
Latitude (deg.deg)
-45.483
Longitude (deg.deg)
170.717
Height (m)
21
Mar
Date
Apr
May
Jun
1
Max
18.5
Min
10.5
Max
9.6
Min
5.6
Max
14.0
Min
5.5
Max
12.2
Min
-3.4
2
21.3
11.7
12.5
4.6
16.3
4.4
14.0
3.0
3
21.1
3.5
17.4
6.0
20.4
3.5
14.1
7.5
4
16.8
4.6
16.4
2.7
24.4
10.3
15.5
6.5
5
17.2
8.5
13.0
8.4
14.0
9.6
18.0
3.4
6
18.0
2.2
16.0
7.2
20.8
1.5
8.9
4.6
7
18.0
7.0
12.8
3.3
16.6
9.0
13.0
5.3
8
23.1
4.7
13.0
7.3
17.3
2.0
16.0
6.2
9
15.5
10.2
17.5
2.0
21.5
7.7
14.3
7.2
10
15.5
11.2
15.7
4.4
18.3
9.2
16.5
-1.0
11
16.6
10.1
15.7
7.0
15.5
12.1
15.9
2.1
12
19.9
1.7
16.5
3.4
17.2
6.0
16.7
2.5
Average
13
21.2
5.8
18.4
1.7
14.5
6.6
17.9
5.2
14
18.0
8.2
19.1
1.7
15.0
1.1
9.7
3.6
15
20.4
3.0
13.7
9.7
14.1
2.0
6.0
2.5
16
23.1
6.0
14.4
-0.1
13.0
1.0
8.3
-3.2
17
17.5
2.2
18.5
5.5
13.6
4.6
4.4
-5.3
18
19.4
9.4
17.6
4.5
12.5
4.7
7.6
-0.5
19
25.5
3.2
15.0
8.6
11.6
8.4
7.9
-1.1
20
20.0
4.0
14.6
2.7
14.5
2.0
9.8
-4.5
21
23.5
8.8
17.5
4.0
12.8
5.5
9.4
-3.8
22
22.0
6.6
11.6
7.5
16.1
3.2
14.6
-3.5
23
24.0
2.1
15.6
9.0
10.9
0.8
13.2
-0.6
24
24.0
6.1
16.2
2.9
11.1
4.0
12.5
1.0
25
17.2
6.4
16.6
6.0
7.5
1.9
16.4
-1.6
26
19.0
11.2
21.7
5.4
7.7
2.8
17.6
-0.3
27
23.5
4.0
12.0
8.8
6.0
-4.0
8.9
4.6
28
23.6
8.3
11.0
10.9
6.5
-2.6
13.1
3.0
29
25.5
5.3
10.8
6.5
8.6
3.8
7.6
-1.5
30
14.9
9.4
18.5
6.0
9.3
4.8
10.3
2.0
31
13.9
0.4
9.0
3.0
19.9
6.3
13.9
4.3
12.3
1.3
15.3
5.4
Station Name is: Palmerston
Aug
Date
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1
Max
10.3
Min
-4.4
Max
13.2
Min
2.5
Max
13.8
Min
3.7
Max
20.4
Min
9.1
Max
19.6
Min
2
12.0
-3.4
14.4
5.0
10.6
0.6
9.4
5.5
19.1
10.0
3
10.6
-4.1
9.9
5.2
9.0
2.6
12.6
3.1
18.0
13.7
4
10.5
-0.8
21.2
0.2
12.5
-2.5
16.7
6.2
17.3
11.7
5
7.9
2.9
19.9
1.0
11.7
3.7
19.3
4.8
20.0
12.3
6
9.4
3.0
15.3
-0.4
10.6
3.8
18.7
8.3
27.0
9.3
7
10.3
4.4
17.0
2.2
12.0
-3.0
13.7
5.5
24.1
8.0
8
12.6
-1.5
20.6
6.6
14.2
-1.9
16.6
1.8
15.0
10.7
9
10.2
-0.4
15.4
0.4
16.6
-1.7
17.0
9.3
16.8
9.0
10
17.0
-1.5
16.9
4.9
17.5
0.3
19.6
3.3
16.0
7.0
11
18.8
6.1
14.7
-0.4
12.9
7.4
12.5
8.5
15.5
6.9
12
17.4
12.1
13.7
-1.5
13.0
2.1
10.7
4.8
16.1
8.5
13
9.1
5.2
9.6
1.6
9.9
3.0
14.9
3.6
20.0
9.3
14
17.0
4.0
16.2
-1.6
11.0
2.4
17.9
2.0
17.3
8.2
15
13.2
0.8
21.2
-1.6
12.3
-3.4
24.9
4.0
17.5
4.9
16
11.3
3.4
23.5
1.4
10.7
0.2
11.2
7.9
18.7
8.8
17
9.3
3.5
18.3
8.6
16.9
7.2
10.0
2.7
15.0
10.4
18
9.2
-0.7
18.2
5.9
14.8
8.4
11.6
5.5
16.9
7.9
19
13.1
2.2
18.0
10.6
15.9
3.6
13.4
6.5
15.5
6.8
20
13.3
-0.6
9.9
6.1
19.4
5.3
16.0
1.0
18.8
7.0
21
15.8
-1.1
15.8
2.1
19.5
8.2
14.9
7.8
18.6
12.5
22
17.6
-2.2
16.9
4.3
16.4
4.1
14.8
2.0
21.5
10.7
23
15.1
-0.3
20.2
4.1
16.8
5.1
15.8
3.9
19.2
13.5
13.1
24
15.0
3.0
16.6
7.7
15.2
1.5
17.4
2.7
25.0
10.8
25
12.9
6.0
13.6
2.5
15.4
10.5
16.0
7.7
23.6
8.4
26
8.1
2.2
20.0
-2.1
15.7
6.9
25.3
3.7
16.0
6.4
27
10.1
3.6
17.2
3.4
10.3
8.2
16.9
12.0
19.8
1.9
28
11.8
2.3
19.0
-1.2
12.6
4.7
15.3
12.0
16.5
9.8
29
13.8
0.2
9.7
6.5
15.1
0.3
13.8
10.7
17.3
1.7
30
17.2
5.4
15.2
5.1
18.4
1.0
18.2
11.3
17.7
7.9
31
12.9
-0.3
21.3
1.7
25.9
7.8
12.7
1.6
14.3
3.0
18.9
8.9
Average
16.4
3.0
Station Name is: Palmerston
Jan
Date
Feb
Mar
1
Max
24.3
Min
6.4
Max
19.7
Min
10.9
Max
23.0
Min
15.8
2
21.7
7.4
20.8
2.6
23.9
16.0
3
24.5
12.4
21.1
6.7
25.1
16.4
4
19.0
11.8
17.8
9.9
23.2
8.9
5
15.9
12.3
20.4
2.0
20.0
4.5
6
20.8
7.2
22.4
7.8
16.9
5.2
7
18.2
11.6
24.8
7.1
19.4
1.6
8
22.2
6.9
22.4
10.2
21.0
5.0
9
20.5
14.1
14.3
11.4
15.6
12.4
10
20.8
13.2
21.7
6.6
15.6
11.7
11
18.6
14.4
29.7
6.9
14.2
11.0
12
16.4
10.3
19.6
11.3
16.5
10.7
13
14.6
8.2
25.2
6.2
19.3
11.1
14
14.6
4.9
14.6
11.8
19.8
7.1
15
17.7
1.6
17.1
3.1
18.9
10.8
16
18.2
4.6
21.5
6.5
16.5
7.7
17
18.6
11.4
21.3
9.5
18.4
8.1
18
18.8
11.9
16.5
9.5
20.0
1.5
19
24.3
11.6
14.4
5.7
18.6
1.7
20
20.2
14.8
18.4
0.2
19.9
11.4
21
20.7
7.8
13.2
4.7
20.4
9.4
22
28.2
14.7
16.7
5.6
18.6
8.4
23
16.0
7.8
15.5
3.8
23.7
6.2
24
14.8
8.4
15.4
8.8
21.2
9.6
25
13.8
6.2
20.5
1.7
19.7
11.7
26
21.8
5.8
20.0
8.8
22.6
7.6
27
19.4
9.7
20.9
8.2
23.2
8.8
28
20.8
3.4
20.2
8.5
20.5
8.7
29
22.0
8.7
13.8
10.4
30
23.4
6.3
15.9
11.8
31
29.0
14.5
14.6
10.0
Average
20.0
9.4
19.4
9.1
19.5
7.0
15.9
5.9
Appendix 4
Number of good seeds produced per sample and seed viability; seed fall and viability of seed fall.
17.5.02
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
15
8
8
6
75
2
25
49
25
19
76
3
25
73
25
21
84
2
13.5
1
50
4
40
39
25
20
80
5
25
42
25
17
68
6
25
53
25
16
64
7
8
25
51
25
20
80
9
10
42
283.5
20
47.6
11
12
20
31
25
18
72
13
25
79
25
23
92
1
6.75
0
0
14
25
27
25
19
76
15
Average
25
45.2
23.3
17.9
76.7
15
101.3
7
32.5
7.06.02
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
26
25
18
72
1
6.75
2
25
61
25
15
60
7
47.25
3
25
63
25
16
64
10
67.5
4
25
46
25
19
76
5
25
55
25
20
80
6
25
148
25
21
84
4
27
7
8
9
10
% germ
0
0
2
0
0
20
0
0
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
59
227
37
25
25
25
19
10
20
76
40
80
4
27
2
50
4
27
0
0
25
80.2
25
17.6
70.2
5
33.8
0.7
11.7
11.07.02
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
2
25
62
25
21
84
3
25
82
25
19
76
4
25
35
25
17
68
5
25
71
25
18
72
6
8
27
25
20
80
7
8
25
55
25
15
60
9
30
25
0
10
18
71
25
0
11
12
25
105
25
19
76
13
25
56
25
20
80
14
25
50
25
22
88
15
Average
22.81818
57.75
25
19.1 63.66667
7.8.02
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
48
25
24
96
2
25
69
25
3
12
3
25
75
25
22
88
4
25
43
25
10
40
5
25
85
25
8
32
6
25
40
25
2
8
7
8
25
48
25
10
40
9
% germ
% germ
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
49
98
31
25
25
25
2
0
11
8
0
44
25
58.6
25
9.2
36.8
20.9.02
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
93
25
18
72
2
25
85
25
22
88
3
25
83
25
20
80
4
25
65
25
21
84
5
25
95
25
18
72
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
25
63
25
23
92
13
25
117
25
20
80
14
25
84
25
21
84
15
25
83
25
18
72
Average
25
85.3
25.0
20.1
80.4
16.10.02 Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
20
53
25
18
72
2
20
59
25
20
80
3
20
95
25
15
60
4
29
46
25
22
88
5
20
105
25
23
92
6
15
68
25
22
88
7
% germ
% germ
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
17
75
25
16
64
20
15
15
19.1
112
31
60
70.4
25
25
25
25
17
17
23
19.3
68
68
92
77.2
17.11.02 Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
75
25
11
44
2
25
83
25
3
12
3
25
108
25
3
12
4
25
65
25
15
60
5
25
124
25
11
44
6
25
85
25
12
48
7
8
25
110
25
22
88
9
10
11
12
25
79
25
11
44
13
25
138
25
14
56
14
25
86
25
17
68
15
25
85
25
19
76
Average
25
94.4
25.0
12.5
50.2
22.12.02 Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
53
25
19
76
2
25
82
25
21
84
3
25
61
25
20
80
4
25
70
25
16
64
5
25
57
25
4
16
% germ
% germ
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
103
70
88
25
25
25
23
23
20
92
92
80
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
101
38
97
101
63
60
74.6
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
22
19
23
21
23
22
19.7
88
76
92
84
92
88
78.9
10.1.03
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
2
25
9
9
3
33.3
4
27
1
25
3
25
21
25
21
84
9
60.8
7
77.8
4
25
14
14
11
78.6
5
25
35
25
8
32
6
25
7
25
6
6
5
83.3
7
47.3
5
71.4
8
25
69
25
4
16
9
10
25
61
25
21
84
11
25
12
25
13
25
14
25
15
25
Average
25
30.7
18.4
10.4
58.7
6.7
45
4.3
58.1
21.2.03
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ.
1
2
3
No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
6.8
% germ
1
100
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
91
25
0
0
25
91
25
0
0
13.3.03
Bainham
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
1
6.8
1
No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
100
% germ
4
9
27
60.75
1
7
25
77.8
7
47.25
5
71.4
6.7
45
4.3
58.1
18.5.02
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
50
131
25
21
84
% germ
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
50
50
50
87
97
86
25
25
25
23
19
18
92
76
72
5
33.8
4
80
50
50
50
50
50
25
50
118
116
75
78
73
38
116
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
20
17
18
19
24
21
23
80
68
72
76
96
84
92
5
33.8
5
100
11
74.3
9
81.82
2
13.5
1
50
50
47.9
124
94.9
25
25
22
20.4
88
81.7
1
4.8
6.8
32.4
0
3.8
0
62.4
17.6.02
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
85
25
20
80
4
2
50
27
2
25
27
25
23
92
3
25
80
25
19
76
23
18
78.7
155.3
4
25
79
25
16
64
5
50
128
25
22
88
6
25
136
25
18
72
2
2
100
13.5
7
25
70
25
15
60
2
1
50
13.5
8
25
85
25
19
76
8
6
75
54
9
25
44
25
21
84
7
2
28.57
47.25
10
25
50
25
22
88
11
3
2
66.67
20.25
12
25
68
25
23
92
13
14
25
69
25
19
76
15
25
107
25
22
88
21
9
42.86
141.75
Average
26.9
79.8
25
19.9
79.79
8.8
5.3
61.4
59.1
13.7.02
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
66
25
20
80
5
33.75
2
40
2
25
68
25
23
92
3
85
25
22
88
4
25
90
25
24
96
5
25
70
25
19
76
6
25
93
25
21
84
1
6.75
1
100
7
25
89
25
20
80
8
25
109
25
19
76
10
67.5
1
10
9
25
53
25
21
84
10
25
46
25
20
80
11
25
79
25
22
88
12
25
51
25
22
88
13
25
108
25
24
96
14
25
104
25
18
72
15
25
71
25
19
76
10
67.5
5
50
Average
25
78.8
25
20.9
83.7
6.5
43.9
2.3
34.6
7.8.02
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
53
25
2
8
2
25
50
25
17
68
7
47.25
3
42.9
3
25
71
25
15
60
4
20
55
25
9
36
5
27
118
25
15
60
6
25
56
25
1
4
7
25
74
25
14
56
8
25
105
25
23
92
9
25
64
25
7
28
10
25
35
25
4
16
11
25
69
25
14
56
12
10
21
25
3
12
13
25
93
25
8
32
4
27
3
75
14
25
57
25
0
0
15
25
128
25
10
40
Average
23.8
69.9
25
9.5
37.9
5.5
37.1
3.0
58.9
20.9.02
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
2
3
4
20
60
25
21
84
5
20
81
25
22
88
6
25
123
25
22
88
7
20
74
25
16
64
8
25
113
25
22
88
9
25
55
25
17
68
10
20
53
25
19
76
11
12
13
20
64
25
23
92
14
15
20
59
25
19
76
Average
21.7
75.8
25.0
20.1
80.4
16.10.02 Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
20
69
25
16
64
2
3
4
20
74
25
12
48
5
20
74
25
25
100
6
20
107
25
22
88
7
20
87
25
24
96
8
20
86
25
10
40
9
20
66
25
21
84
10
20
46
25
20
80
11
20
69
25
19
76
12
20
58
25
21
84
13
20
105
25
22
88
14
20
117
25
18
72
% germ
% germ
15
Average
20
20
117
82.7
25
25.0
20
19.2
80
76.9
17.11.02 Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
85
25
24
96
2
25
62
25
2
8
3
25
109
25
18
72
4
25
98
25
7
28
5
25
78
25
23
92
6
25
119
25
17
68
7
25
81
25
24
96
8
25
72
25
21
84
9
25
75
25
8
32
10
25
68
25
11
44
11
25
64
25
24
96
12
25
89
25
22
88
13
25
95
25
12
48
14
25
119
25
19
76
15
22
90
25
21
84
Average
24.8
86.9
25.0
16.9
67.5
22.12.02 Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
25
25
19
76
2
25
23
25
17
68
3
25
68
25
19
76
4
25
106
25
21
84
5
25
29
25
21
84
6
25
51
25
23
92
7
25
27
25
23
92
8
25
58
25
25
100
9
25
51
25
16
64
10
25
41
25
20
80
11
25
43
25
20
80
12
25
34
25
15
60
% germ
% germ
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
38
67
17
45.2
25
25
25
25
19
16
19
19.5
76
64
76
78.1
10.1.03
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
1
6.75
1
100
2
25
11
11
7
63.64
3
4
25
96
25
24
96
5
6
25
81
25
10
40
7
25
19
19
13
68.42
8
25
16
16
2
12.5
9
10
25
4
4
2
50
11
25
6
6
4
66.67
12
13
25
46
25
21
84
6
40.5
2
33.3
14
25
29
25
3
12
15
25
20
25
12
48
Average
25
32.8
18.1
9.8
54.1
3.5
23.6
1.5
66.7
13.3.03
Onekaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
6.75
1
100
11
12
13
14
15
Average
6
40.5
2
33.3
3.5
23.6
1.5
66.7
18.5.02
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
2
3
4
50
88
25
20
80
1
6.75
1
100
5
50
59
25
21
84
6
50
34
25
19
76
7
8
5
33.75
5
100
9
10
50
138
25
23
92
11
13
87.75
0
12
50
107
25
22
88
13
50
52
25
21
84
3
20.25
2
66.67
14
15
50
116
25
25
100
Average
50
84.9
25.0
21.6
86.3
5.5
37.1
2.7
66.7
8.6.02
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
44
25
19
76
2
25
65
25
20
80
17
114.75
8
47.06
3
25
57
25
17
68
1
6.75
1
100
4
25
84
25
18
72
5
25
70
25
22
88
6
25
45
25
23
92
17
114.75
9
52.94
7
25
87
25
20
80
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
75
55
79
86
25
25
25
25
19
22
17
21
76
88
68
84
7
47.25
7
100
25
25
92
69.917
25
25
24
20.17
96
80.67
10.5
70.9
6.25
75
13.7.02
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
57
25
24
96
2
25
47
25
22
88
3
25
59
25
21
84
4
25
79
25
20
80
5
25
80
25
21
84
6
25
44
25
20
80
7
25
57
25
18
72
8
25
58
25
19
76
9
25
68
25
22
88
10
25
79
25
23
92
11
20
52
25
19
76
12
25
91
25
22
88
13
25
86
25
22
88
14
25
97
25
23
92
15
25
52
25
20
80
Average
24.7
67.1
25
21.1
84.3
6.8.02
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
60
25
22
88
2
25
60
25
18
72
3
25
69
25
14
56
4
25
79
25
24
96
5
25
111
25
23
92
6
25
41
25
11
44
% germ
% germ
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
16
17
11
15
25
25
25
25
22.3
75
32
44
26
32
91
88
89
44
62.7
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
12
5
2
23
2
23
5
23
25
15.5
48
20
8
92
8
92
20
92
100
61.9
22.9.02
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
20
52
25
20
80
2
20
53
25
22
88
3
20
54
25
19
76
4
20
83
25
17
68
5
20
93
25
22
88
6
20
39
25
14
56
7
20
66
25
19
76
8
20
58
25
18
72
9
20
93
25
20
80
10
20
78
25
20
80
11
20
102
25
23
92
12
20
61
25
19
76
13
20
90
25
21
84
14
20
80
25
6
24
15
20
58
25
9
36
3
20.3
3
100
Average
20
70.7
25
17.9
71.7
3
20.3
3
100
15.10.02 East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
56
25
24
96
3
20.3
2
66.7
2
25
85
25
21
84
7
47.3
2
28.6
3
25
64
25
18
72
4
25
105
25
24
96
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
107
52
62
87
96
98
115
100
76
76
75
83.6
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
18
24
20
25
12
22
18
8
13
24
19
19.3
72
96
80
100
48
88
72
32
52
96
76
77.3
8
54
1
12.5
6
40.5
1.7
35.9
16.11.02 East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
50
25
24
96
2
25
74
25
21
84
3
25
56
25
17
68
4
25
75
25
16
64
5
25
95
25
20
80
6
20
58
25
18
72
7
25
63
25
24
96
8
25
83
25
25
100
9
25
41
25
9
36
10
25
78
25
21
84
11
25
59
25
21
84
12
13
25
81
25
23
92
14
25
65
25
24
96
15
25
93
25
25
100
Average
24.6
69.4
25
20.6
82.3
22.12.02 East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
42
25
24
96
2
25
66
25
17
68
% germ
% germ
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
42
80
42
46
31
52
25
31
104
56
45
24
36
48.6
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
17
22
15
19
17
23
22
25
22
17
22
18
25
20.1
68
88
60
76
68
92
88
100
88
68
88
72
100
80.3
14.3.03
East Takaka
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
20.1.03
Hinewai
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ.
No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
% germ
2
35
0
0
2
22
100
62.9
32
27
9
45
12
3
10
1
7
3
15.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
18
14
9
34
10
2
6
1
6
2
10.5
56.3
51.9
100.0
75.6
83.3
66.7
60.0
100.0
85.7
66.7
75.7
No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
% germ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
21
21
0
0
25
21
21
0
0
17.2.03
Hinewai
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
14
14
11
78.6
2
3
25
83
25
2
8
4
5
25
81
25
6
24
6
7
8
9
25
61
25
6
24
10
11
25
50
25
10
40
12
25
70
25
10
40
13
14
15
25
52
25
0
0
Average
25
58.7
2.4
14.7
7.7
% germ
19.3.03
Hinewai
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
29
25
6
24
2
3
4
5
25
66
25
7
28
6
7
8
9
25
11
11
0
0
10
11
25
71
25
3
12
20
135
6
30
12
25
53
25
19
76
13
14
15
Average
25
46
1.4
11.5
6.7
20
135
6
30
19.12.02 Lake Ohau
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
20
9
9
0
0
2
20
10
10
3
30
3
20
10
10
0
0
4
20
15
15
0
0
5
20
11
11
6
54.5
6
20
9
9
1
11.1
7
20
17
17
11
64.7
8
25
21
17
2
11.8
9
10
11
25
40
25
18
72
12
13
20
31
25
14
56
14
15
% germ
Average
21
17.3
14.8
5.5
30.01
21.1.03
Lake Ohau
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
2
25
42
25
0
0
3
25
12
12
3
25
4
25
7
10
7
70
5
6
7
25
8
9
10
11
25
7
7
2
28.57
12
25
14
14
4
28.57
13
25
14
25
15
25
Average
25
16.4
13.6
3.2
30.4
21.1.03
Trotters Gorge
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
58
25
21
84
2
25
59
25
13
52
3
4
25
88
25
7
28
5
6
25
75
25
10
40
7
8
9
25
45
25
10
40
10
11
25
53
25
17
68
12
13
% germ
% germ
14
15
Average
25
63
25
13
52
17.2.03
Trotters Gorge
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ
1
25
46
25
19
76
2
25
83
25
19
76
3
25
53
25
6
24
4
25
47
25
9
36
5
25
41
25
12
48
6
25
63
25
11
44
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
55.5
25
12.7
50.7
% germ
20.3.03
Trotters Gorge
Sample no no. of pods Good seed No seed te No germ. % germ. No. fallen sSeeds/m2 No germ % germ
1
25
60
25
11
18.3
2
25
60
25
19
31.7
3
4
25
58
25
23
39.7
5
6
1
1
100
6.8
7
8
9
10
11
13
0
87.8
12
13
14
15
Average
25
59.3
25
17.7
29.9
7
1
50
47.3
A paper from the
56th Conference Proceedings (2003) of
The New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated
Notice: The Proceedings of the N.Z. Plant Protection Conference are a record
of the papers presented at the Conference. Papers published in the Proceedings
are considered to be the property of the Society. The Society reserves the right
of the first publication of such papers in complete form. However, it has no
objection to publication in condensed form, with credit to the author and the
Society, in other publications prior to its use in the Society's Proceedings.
This pdf was served from: http://www.hortnet.co.nz
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201
Weeds
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SCARIFICATION
METHOD ON GORSE (ULEX EUROPAEUS L.) SEED
GERMINATION
C.R. SIXTUS, G.D. HILL and R.R. SCOTT
Soil, Plant and Ecological Sciences Division, PO Box 84,
Lincoln University, Canterbury
Corresponding author: sixtusc1@lincoln.ac.nz
ABSTRACT
As part of a study of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) biocontrol, the scarification
requirements to maximise germination of freshly harvested seed were
investigated. Both time of immersion in concentrated sulphuric acid (36N)
and incubation temperature were critical. Optimum incubation temperature
was 15°C (mean germination 65%). The sulphuric acid treatments that
gave the highest percentage of germinated seeds were 180 and 210 min
immersion with incubation at 15°C, giving a mean germination of 81%.
The mean control germination, over all incubation temperatures, was 10%.
Hot water immersion did not significantly increase germination when
compared with the unscarified control treatment. Mechanical scarification
gave a mean germination over all temperatures of 35%; the highest
germination was again at 15°C (48%).
Keywords: gorse, germination temperature, acid scarification, mechanical
scarification.
INTRODUCTION
Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) is a prolific seeder and seed viability is at least 40 years
(Zabkiewicz 1976; Zabkiewicz & Gaskin 1978). There is anecdotal evidence that hardcoated seed may lie ungerminated in the soil for 75 years (W.J. Davis, pers. comm.).
The ability of gorse seed to remain viable for many years, just requiring to be brought
nearer the surface for germination to occur, means that the weed seedbank can rapidly
re-establish gorse infestations (Ivens 1982).
Scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) (36N) may increase gorse seed
germination. In Russell lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus x L. arboreus) acid scarification for
30 or 45 min gave more than 75% germination, while unscarified control seed had 20%
germination (Tesfaye 1989). With broom (Cytisus scoparius) highest germination was
obtained from seed that had been immersed in H2SO4 for 5 h (Wan Mohamed 1981). In
one experiment with concentrated H2SO4 and gorse seed, the highest germination was
obtained after 60 min of immersion followed by a 21-day incubation (Butler 1976). In a
previous study of gorse seed, the best constant temperature for germination was 15ºC
(Moss 1959). However, the optimum temperature for scarified seed germinated in light
was 16ºC. The germination rate declined at temperatures above optimum (Zabkiewicz
& Gaskin 1978). Another study showed the optimum constant temperature range for
germination of gorse seed was 15-19ºC (Ivens 1983). Butler (1976) found more seed
germinated under alternating temperatures between 15 and 20ºC for 19 weeks than
untreated seeds kept at 20ºC for 17 weeks.
This study is part of a program that is determining the proportion of gorse seeds that
are hard or dead to establish why some gorse seeds are not germinating. These experiments
measured the amount of gorse seed that germinated under laboratory conditions with
differing temperature, concentrated sulphuric acid, hot water and mechanical scarification
New Zealand Plant Protection 56:201-205 (2003) www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/nzpps
Weeds
202
treatments. The best scarification method and temperature for gorse seed germination
will be used in the laboratory to test gorse viability throughout the South Island,
New Zealand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Gorse seed was collected from plants growing at Onekaka, Golden Bay, New Zealand,
site reference 40º 46.31 S, 172º 43.49 E, altitude 68 m. The seed for Experiment 1 was
collected on 20 September 2002 and for Experiment 2 on 17 November 2002. Only
mature brown pods were collected. Until required the seed was stored in the pods in a
refrigerator at 4ºC. When required for testing, the pods were dried at 60ºC for 24-48 h
then threshed in a Kurt Peltz thresher. After threshing, the seed was washed and any that
floated or appeared shrivelled were discarded. The seed was carefully examined to exclude
any seed that had been attacked by Cydia succedana or Exapion ulicis, which are both
insects that feed on gorse seed.
All equipment was sterilised in an autoclave and only sterilised water was used. To
further minimise the risk of infestation by fungi and bacteria, seed samples were washed
in 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5 min. The seed was then rinsed and air-dried
overnight at room temperature.
Incubation temperature
The incubator temperatures used in both experiments were a constant 5, 10, 15, 20 or
25ºC. Seed was germinated for 10 days. For each treatment, 25 seeds were placed on a
moist germination paper in a Petri dish. There were four replicates at each temperature
of each scarification treatment. Dishes were inspected daily and sterilised water added
as required. The incubators were operated with 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle.
Experiment 1: Acid scarification
Two volumes of acid to one volume of seed were used (Hartmann et al. 2002). Seed
samples were placed in concentrated sulphuric acid (36N) for 0 (control), 30, 60, 90,
120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 or 300 min. Following acid treatment seed was washed in
running water until the pH was neutral, and then rinsed in sterile water. After rinsing,
the seeds were placed in Petri dishes.
Experiment 2: Hot water and mechanical scarification
Surface-sterilised seed was immersed in hot water at 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100ºC
for 1, 2 and 5 min. Following hot water immersion, the seed was rapidly cooled by
placing it under running cold water. Control seed was only surface sterilised. Another
set of seeds was mechanically scarified by placing them in a sealed tobacco tin lined
with fine sandpaper through which compressed air was pumped for 10 seconds
(R.J. Lucas, pers. comm.). After scarification treatments, the seeds were placed in the
Petri dishes.
Data collection and statistical analysis
The number of seeds germinated was counted 10 days after scarification. A seed was
counted as germinated when it showed a radicle that was at least the length of the seed.
Seedlings were not classified as normal and abnormal. Data were analysed using analysis
of variance with the GENSTAT for Windows (release 6) package.
RESULTS
Experiment 1: Acid scarification
Gorse seed required both acid scarification and incubation temperatures of up to 15°C
to obtain good germination. Germination temperatures above 15°C reduced germination;
at 25oC the mean germination was only 8.9% (Table 1).
203
Weeds
TABLE 1:
The mean germination of gorse seed (%) after 10 days at different
constant germination temperatures, after scarification in concentrated
sulphuric acid (36N) for between 0 and 300 min.
Temperature (ºC)
5
10
15
20
25
Mean Germination (%)
45.9
62.6
64.9
36.5
8.9
SE
0.011
0.020
0.022
0.011
0.011
Germination increased with increased time in acid (Table 2). The highest germination
was after 180 and 210 min in acid with 81% germination at the optimum incubation
temperature of 15ºC (Fig. 1).
TABLE 2:
Mean germination of gorse seed (%) after different times of immersion in
concentrated sulphuric acid averaged over all incubation temperatures.
Immersion in acid (min)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
Mean germination
10.2
40.4
46.0
48.6
57.0
49.6
49.6
50.6
47.2
40.0
42.8
SE
0.032
0.034
0.028
0.036
0.043
0.044
0.039
0.031
0.023
0.032
0.032
Percent germinated
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
Minutes in Acid
300
FIGURE 1: Germination of gorse seed (%) in response to time of immersion in
sulphuric acid when germinated at 15°C for 10 days. Individual Petri
dishes are represented by dots and the line shows the predicted
percentage of germinated seed. The regression equation for this line
is: Percentage germination = 28.2 + 0.594 (min in acid) – 0.00167 (min
in acid)2, S = 13.9, R2 = 58.6%, R2 (adj) = 56.6%.
None of the hot water treatments increased germination significantly over the unscarified
control seed. Mechanical scarification gave a germination of 35%, which was significantly
different (P<0.001) from unscarified seed, which had a germination of 10%.
Weeds
204
DISCUSSION
These experiments were conducted in order to find the method of scarification and
temperature that would cause hard seeds to germinate. Previous studies of gorse seed
reported that scarification or heat enhances germination (Zabkiewicz & Gaskin 1978;
Ivens 1983). Experiment 1 showed that acid scarification significantly increased seed
germination. It also indicated that the optimum temperature for acid scarified gorse seed
germination was about 15ºC, with germination declining above 15ºC. Ivens (1983) found
that the optimum temperature for germination was 18ºC and then the germination
decreased up to 26ºC; above 26ºC germination was inhibited. Experiment 2 showed
that, over the range of temperatures and times tested, hot water scarification did not
increase gorse seed germination.
Mechanical scarification utilises abrasion, particularly by rough surfaces, and is the
most common treatment for impermeable seeds. Scarification can change the percentage
of germinated seeds from less than 20% to more than 90% (Rolston 1978). However, in
this case, germination after mechanical scarification was only 35%.
Previous experiments have demonstrated that gorse seeds germinate under extreme
heat (Zabkiewicz & Gaskin 1978; McAlpine & Timmins 2002). McAlpine & Timmins
(2002) found that gorse seed that had been exposed to dry high temperatures (up to
160ºC for up to 10 min) still germinated, with the most favourable temperature being
140ºC for 5 min where there was 50% germination. However, the current experiment
with hot water treatment did not find that the wet high temperatures caused more seed to
germinate. This indicates that the gorse seed requires a higher temperature to break the
hard shell than that provided by this hot water experiment.
In these experiments, seeds were taken from pods, which were picked from gorse
bushes. As a result some seed may not have been fully mature despite the fact that only
black pods were selected. This is reflected in the low (10%) germination of unscarified
seeds. Since mean germination rates of up to 81% were obtained for some scarification
treatments, most of the seed used in these experiments (approximately 70%) was hard.
In previous work Ivens (1983) took gorse seed from the soil, collected seed from trays
placed under gorse bushes and took seed from ripe pods. It was found that there was a
higher proportion of hard seed in seed from pods than in seed collected from seed trays,
and very little of the seed from the soil was hard.
The results from this experiment show that the best method of scarifying gorse seed
was with concentrated sulphuric acid, giving 81% germination when the seed had been
soaking in the acid for 180–210 min. The temperature that gave the best germination
was 15ºC. This coincides with previous experiments on gorse seed (Ivens 1983) as well
as other moderate legume shrubs (Wan Mohamed 1981; Tesfaye 1989). The methods
that produced the best results in this experiment will be used in sample tests to calculate
the percentage of viable gorse seeds throughout South Island, New Zealand.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Ross Patching for the source of gorse pods, Mike Bowie for assistance in
the laboratory and Richard Sedcole for statistical analysis.
REFERENCES
Butler, J.H.B. 1976: A preliminary investigation of the hard seed characteristics of Ulex
europeaus with emphasis on laboratory scarification treatments. B. Ag. Sci. Honours
Dissertation, Massey University, Palmerston North. 82 p.
Hartmann, H.T.; Kester, D.E.; Davies, F.T. Jr.; Geneve, R.L. 2002: Techniques of
propagation by seed. In: Plant propagation, principles and practices 7th edition.
Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pp. 249-274.
Ivens, G.W. 1982: Seasonal germination and establishment of gorse. Proc. 35th N.Z.
Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 152-156.
Weeds
205
Ivens, G.W. 1983: The influence of temperature on germination of gorse (Ulex europaeus
L.). Weed Res. 23: 207-216.
McAlpine, K.; Timmins, S. 2002: The effect of fire on bone-seed and gorse germination.
Science Poster No. 56. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Moss, G.R. 1959: The gorse seed problem. Proc. 12th N.Z. Weed Control Conf.: 59-64.
Rolston, M.P. 1978: Water impermeable seed dormancy. Botanical Rev. 44:365-396.
Tesfaye, M. 1989: Morphometrics, characterization and seedling emergence studies of
a collection of Russell lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus x Lupinus arboreus) genotypes
in Canterbury. Masters thesis, Lincoln College, Lincoln University Library. 151 p.
Wan Mohamed, W.E. 1981: The potential for browse of a weedy shrub legume - a case
study of broom (Cytisus scoparius L.). PhD thesis, Lincoln College, Lincoln
University Library. 248 p.
Zabkiewicz, J.A. 1976: The ecology of gorse and its relevance to New Zealand Forestry.
New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Symposium 18: 63-68.
Zabkiewicz, J.A.; Gaskin, R.E. 1978: Effect of fire on gorse seeds. Proc. 31st N.Z. Weed
and Pest Control Conf.: 47-52.
A paper from the
56th Conference Proceedings (2003) of
The New Zealand Plant Protection Society Incorporated
Notice: The Proceedings of the N.Z. Plant Protection Conference are a record
of the papers presented at the Conference. Papers published in the Proceedings
are considered to be the property of the Society. The Society reserves the right
of the first publication of such papers in complete form. However, it has no
objection to publication in condensed form, with credit to the author and the
Society, in other publications prior to its use in the Society's Proceedings.
This pdf was served from: http://www.hortnet.co.nz
HortNET is an Internet-based information product of
The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited
Private Bag 11030, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Ph 64 6 356 8080
206
Weeds
IMPACT OF EXAPION ULICIS (FÖRSTER)
(COLEOPTERA: APIONIDAE) ON GORSE SEED
VIABILITY
C.R. SIXTUS, G.D. HILL and R.R. SCOTT
Soil, Plant and Ecological Sciences Division, PO Box 84, Lincoln University,
Canterbury
Corresponding author: sixtusc1@lincoln.ac.nz
ABSTRACT
As part of a study of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) biocontrol, the
effectiveness of the gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis (Förster)) in
controlling the amount of viable seed was investigated. Some seed attacked
by gorse seed weevil still germinated, with mean germination for lightly
damaged seed being 18% and mean germination for heavily damaged
seed being 4%. Undamaged seed from damaged pods had high
germination (mean 71%), while undamaged seed from undamaged pods
had a mean germination of 77%. Many damaged seeds, as well as
undamaged seeds from damaged pods, were infested by fungi (Fusarium
spp. and Cladosporium cladosporiodes), which affected the ability of the
seeds to germinate. There were no differences (P=0.84) in the number of
viable undamaged and damaged gorse seeds between the three sites
sampled even though there were climatic differences and different soil
types.
Keywords: Ulex europaeus, gorse, Exapion ulicis, gorse seed weevil,
viability.
INTRODUCTION
Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) has been a noxious weed throughout New Zealand for a long
time. Early practices aimed to minimise its spread rather than to eradicate it because of its
beneficial aspects. The gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis (Förster)) was introduced and
liberated in Nelson and Alexandra in February 1931 with the aim of destroying gorse seed,
and is now widespread and common in both islands (Kuschel 1971).
A female gorse seed weevil lays eggs through a hole in the side of an immature gorse
pod. This hole closes and hatching weevil larvae may destroy seeds within the pod (Hill et
al. 1991). The weevil can destroy a high percentage of gorse seed formed each spring in
most areas of New Zealand (Miller 1970). However, the average rate of infestation of
spring pods is only 60-70%. A significant amount of seed is set in autumn and winter
(Miller 1970), and this seed escapes predation because the weevil is reproductively active
only during spring (MacCarter & Gaynor 1980; Cowley 1983).
There has been little research on the effectiveness of E. ulicis in New Zealand. Studies
by Cowley (1983) and Hoddle (1991) completed near Auckland, showed the weevil reduced
the number of viable seeds from around 3 seeds/pod to 1 seed/4 pods. However, annual
seed production was only reduced by 36% (Cowley 1983). In a third study, the effect of the
weevil on gorse seed production was measured at three sites, two in Canterbury and one in
Auckland, over three years. In the spring, weevils oviposited and infested up to 90% of
immature pods. However, as in the other studies, earlier or later produced pods escaped
attack (Hill et al. 1991). Hoddle (1991) found that the weevil oviposits only in young green
pods. The female weevil shows a preference for pods that are 21 days old and have not
been previously attacked by other females. Cowley (1983) found that pods up to one month
old may be used before they become too tough to penetrate.
New Zealand Plant Protection 56:206-210 (2003) www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/nzpps
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207
The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how effective E. ulicis was
in affecting the viability of seed, as measured by its germination rate, at three sites with
different climatic conditions and soil types in Golden Bay, Nelson, New Zealand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling
Pod samples were collected from three sites in Golden Bay, Nelson, New Zealand on
21-22 December 2002. The sites were East Takaka (40° 54.4655' S 172° 50.1835' E,
60 m above sea level), Onekaka (40° 46.3365' S 172° 43.5039' E, 59 m above sea level)
and Bainham (40° 43.5238' S 172° 35.6269' E, 31 m above sea level).
East Takaka has an average annual rainfall of 1800 mm. The gorse was in pasture on
a north-south hillside. The soil in this region is a Pikikiruna soil (Anon. 1965). Onekaka’s
average annual rainfall is 2300 mm. The gorse was growing on the side of a gully, along
with native flora and broom (Cytisus scoparius L.). Gorse was sampled from Ikamatua
and Onahau soils (Anon. 1965). Bainham has an average annual rainfall of 3830 mm.
The gorse was growing on a river flat where other scrub present was broom and bracken
(Pteridium aquilinum). The soil types for this region are Otere and Denniston soils
(Anon. 1965).
The daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily rainfall were recorded
from November to January. However, temperature records for East Takaka and rainfall
data for Onekaka were not available so the NIWA readings for Kotinga were used.
Kotinga is approximately 10 km northwest of East Takaka and 30 km southeast of
Onekaka. No temperature readings were taken in January at Bainham.
After collection, seed was stored in a refrigerator at 4ºC until needed for testing.
Damaged seed was separated into lightly and heavily damaged categories. Lightly
damaged seed had less than 1/3 of the seed cover removed and heavily damaged seed
had more than 1/3 of seed cover removed. This separation was done visually. Undamaged
seed was sorted into undamaged seed from pods that had been attacked by the gorse
seed weevil and undamaged seed from non-attacked pods.
Treatment of seed
There were four replicates of 25 seeds from each seed category from each site. A
replicate consisted of a Petri dish containing the 25 seeds. The Petri dishes were placed
in an incubator at a constant temperature (15ºC) and a 16:8 h light:dark cycle (Sixtus et
al. 2003). Dishes were inspected daily and watered with sterilised water as required.
Germinated seeds were removed at 10 and 20 days. After 10 days, seed that had not
been damaged by the weevil larvae and had not imbibed, had a portion of the testa
removed with a scalpel. It was then replaced in the incubator for a further 10 days.
The seeds were not surface sterilised, because it was possible that this treatment would
damage the seed embryo. As a result, fungi that were present on a seed could survive
and multiply. Such infestation helped reduce the viability of the gorse seed.
Data collection and analysis
The total number of germinated seeds at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after commencement of
incubation was counted. A seed was considered to be germinated and viable when it showed
a radicle that was at least the length of the seed. Normal and abnormal seedlings were not
identified. The presence of fungi in the Petri dishes was noted. The species’ identities were
ascertained under an Olympus stereomicroscope. A pathologist confirmed identifications.
Data were analysed using analysis of variance with the SYSTAT 9 package.
RESULTS
The monthly average maximum and minimum temperature and the rainfall for the
three months that the seed weevil is active (October, November and December) are
shown in Table 1. There was a marked difference between the sites in both the rainfall
records and the minimum and maximum daily temperature records. Bainham had a wet
and cool climate, while East Takaka had a dry warm climate. Onekaka had a climate that
was between the climates of East Takaka and Bainham in both rainfall and average daily
208
Weeds
temperature. Although there were climatic differences between the sites, there was no
significant difference in the amount of gorse seed that germinated (P=0.84).
TABLE 1:
Monthly mean daily minimum and maximum temperatures (ºC) and
monthly rainfall (mm) at three sites in Golden Bay for the period
when the gorse seed weevil was active (November 2002–January 2003).
Site
Min.
November
Max. Rain
1
Min.
December
Max. Rain
East Takaka
8
19
48
10
21
Onekaka2
13
23
77
14
24
Bainham
10
18
286
14
19
1
Temperature data obtained from Kotinga.
2
Rainfall data obtained from Kotinga.
3
Temperature not measured at Bainham in January.
150
166
395
Min.
11
15
nd3
January
Max.
Rain
23
23
nd
73
80
163
Weevil-damaged seed germinated without scarification (Fig. 1a). After scarification,
there was a high viability of undamaged seed from both damaged and undamaged pods
(Fig. 1b). Significantly less damaged seed germinated than undamaged seed (P<0.001).
Damaged seed was not scarified as the testa was already ruptured. There was no further
germination of damaged seed after 10 days.
Viability of gorse seed (%)
30
Bainham
(a)
East Takaka
Onekaka
25
20
15
10
5
0
Viability of gorse seed (%)
Heavily damaged Lightly damaged Undamaged from
damaged pods
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Undamaged
(b)
Heavy
damage
Light damage Undamaged Undamaged
seed from
seed from
undamaged
damaged
pods
pods
FIGURE 1: Germination of gorse seed (%) exhibiting different levels of weevil
damage. Seed was taken from three sites in Golden Bay and
germinated at 15ºC. (a) Unscarified seed after 10 days incubation. (b)
Germination from 10-20 days. Undamaged seed that had not
germinated was scarified after 10 days and germinated for a further
10 days. Damaged seed that had not germinated was not scarified at
10 days. Note that the scale of the Y-axis differs for the two plots.
209
Weeds
Fusarium spp. and Cladosporium cladosporiodes reduced the number of seeds that
germinated (data not shown). Fungi were present only in pods that had been attacked by
the weevil (Table 2). The difference between the presence of fungi on the damaged seed
and the undamaged seed in damaged pods was significant (P<0.001).
TABLE 2:
Percentage of gorse seed infected by Fusarium spp. and Cladosporium
cladosporiodes.
Seed from damaged pods
Undamaged
Lightly
Heavily
seed
damaged
damaged
East Takaka
5
96
100
Onekaka
20
87
97
Bainham
13
75
95
Site
Seed from undamaged pods
Undamaged
seed
0
0
0
DISCUSSION
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of the gorse seed
weevil in reducing gorse seed viability. It had previously been assumed that seed damaged
by the weevil would not be viable. Cowley (1983) found weevil attack reduced viable
seeds from 3/pod to 1/ 4 pods. Seed remaining in pods that had been attacked by the
weevil failed to sprout in germination tests. However, the current work shows that 11%
of gorse seeds damaged by the gorse seed weevil were still viable (Fig. 1a). Cowley
(1983) did not test seed until after the weevil larvae had stopped feeding and pupae or
adults were found in undehisced pods. In this research the larvae were still active and
feeding on the gorse seed, which may explain the different results. There were minor
differences between the three Golden Bay sites. The average rainfall in East Takaka is
considerably less than the rainfall at Onekaka or Bainham.
Cowley (1983) found that, in the Auckland region, gorse seed weevil larvae were
active from October to mid December. However, larval activity in Golden Bay did not
start until November and continued to January (C.R. Sixtus, unpubl. data). Hill et al.
(1991) found that at Burnham and Hoon Hay Valley, near Christchurch, weevil eggs
were in pods as early as September. There was a lack of synchrony between weevil
activity and pod production, thus allowing a proportion of the annual pod crop to escape
attack by the gorse seed weevil.
At only one site, East Takaka, was heavily damaged gorse seed not viable. This indicates
that it is essential that the larvae destroy most of the seed before it is effective at reducing
the amount of viable seed. Undamaged seed in damaged pods had a high germination
potential (mean over all sites of 71%). This was similar to the seed germination of
undamaged seed from undamaged pods (mean over all sites of 77%). Only at Onekaka
did fewer seeds germinate from undamaged seed from damaged pods than undamaged
seed from undamaged pods (59% versus 81%). The differences between sites may have
been due to the climate differences. As shown in Table 1 there was a considerable
difference between the sites in both their average annual rainfall and the average monthly
minimum and maximum temperatures.
Fungi (Fusarium spp. and Cladosporium cladosporiodes) may have further damaged
a proportion of the gorse seed that had been damaged by the gorse seed weevil
(Table 2). The fungi did not attack any seed in the undamaged pods or, by inference,
most (71%) of the undamaged seeds in the damaged pods. Hoddle (1991) found that
C. cladosporiodes infection was more common in pods that contained weevil eggs and
first instar larvae than in pods that only had oviposition holes. The fungi are carried
from the outside into the pod by the weevil at the time of oviposition. The presence of
fungi seemed to assist in lowering the germination of the damaged gorse seed (data not
shown).
Weeds
210
The results of this experiment show that the gorse seed weevil kills a large proportion
of the spring seed production (77% germination of undamaged seed from undamaged
pods and 71% for undamaged seed from damaged pods versus 19% for lightly damaged
seed and 4% for heavily damaged seed). For the gorse seed weevil to kill the gorse seed,
it is essential for larvae to attack the seed so that the embryo has been damaged. Cowley
(1983) found that the larvae cause enough damage for the seeds to lose their viability. In
this experiment, some seed was still viable but, it is possible, given more time, 100% of
the seed would be killed.
These results show that E. ulicis damages the gorse seed that is available when the
seed weevil is present. However, due to the inability of weevil larvae to move from pod
to pod and the short season that the weevil is active in New Zealand, a large portion of
seed produced by a gorse bush will escape weevil predation. Thus the insect may play
an important part in the biological control of gorse but the assistance of other agents is
required to obtain a complete kill.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to the farmers of Golden Bay for providing gorse samples; Richard
Hill for demonstrating the technique of nicking the seeds; Judith Pay for identifying the
fungi; Felix Langford, Julie Gill, NIWA and Lorna Langford for supplying rainfall data;
Ross Haldane, Ross Patching and NIWA for supplying daily temperature data; and Chris
Frampton for statistical analysis.
REFERENCES
Anon. 1965: General survey of the soils of South Island, New Zealand (maps). Department
of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.
Cowley, J.M. 1983: Life cycle of Apion ulicis (Coleoptera: Apionidae), and gorse seed
attack around Auckland, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Zool. 10: 83-86.
Hill, R.L.; Gourlay, A.H.; Martin, L. 1991: Seasonal and geographic variation in the
predation of gorse seed, Ulex europaeus L., by the seed weevil Apion ulicis Forst.
N.Z. J. Zool. 18: 37-43.
Hoddle, M.S. 1991: The reproductive biology of Apion ulicis (Forster) (Coleoptera:
Apionidae). Masters thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland. 136 p.
Kuschel, G. 1972: The foreign Curculionidae established in New Zealand (Insects:
Coleoptera). N.Z. J. Sci. 15: 263-289.
MacCarter, L.E.; Gaynor, D.L. 1980; Gorse: a subject for biological control in New
Zealand. N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 8: 321-330.
Miller, D. 1970: Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.). Biological control of weeds in New Zealand,
1927-48. D.S.I R. Report No. 74. Pp. 27-58.
Sixtus, C.R.; Hill, G.D.; Scott, R.R. 2003: The effect of temperature and scarification
method on gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) seed germination. N.Z. Plant Prot. 56: 201205.
Appendix 7
5% LSD difference results between McLeans Island and Hinewai Reserve pheromone trap results for Cydia succedana.
Date
Difference
20/3
3.945
Significance sig
27/3
14/10
29/10
14/11
28/11
9/12
0.885 0.643 1.268 0.500 0.508 0.101 0.006 0.310 0.862 1.394
2.187
3.618
3.971
3.429 1.778 0.513 1.423 3.100 2.767 1.160 1.100
sig
sig
sig
ns
4/4
ns
17/4
ns
1/5
ns
14/5
ns
14/6
ns
20/7
ns
19/8
ns
17/9
ns
sig
sig
18/12
sig
3/1
ns
20/1
sig
3/2
sig
18/2
sig
3/3
ns
19/3
ns
Appendix 8
Male moth numbers caught in pheromone traps
20.3.2002
Hinewai
20.3.2002
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
16
1
70
2
20
2
141
3
70
3
72
4
1
4
31
5
13
5
102
27.3.2002
Hinewai
27.3.2002
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
17
1
24
2
19
2
42
3
31
3
22
4
25
4
34
5
28
5
29
3.4.2002
Hinewai
4.4.2002
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
17
1
33
2
38
2
44
3
21
3
34
4
17
4
25
5
28
5
28
17.4.2002
Hinewai
Sample no
17.4.2002
No moths trapped
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
7
1
24
2
9
2
40
3
3
3
35
4
25
4
21
5
32
5
33
1.5.2002
Hinewai
1.5.2002
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
9
1
10
2
8
2
66
3
3
3
4
4
24
4
2
5
5
5
2
14.5.2002
Hinewai
14.5.2002
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
0
1
27
2
13
2
77
3
8
3
16
4
16
4
6
5
60
5
4
13-Jun-02
Sample no
Hinewai
14.6.2002
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
17
1
11
2
28
2
35
3
3
3
16
4
8
4
9
5
18
5
21
18.7.02
Sample no
Hinewai
18.7.02
No moths trapped
Sample no
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
1
0
1
1
2
0
2
0
3
2
3
2
4
0
4
0
5
0
5
0
19.08.02
Hinewai
19.08.02
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
4
1
3
2
0
2
2
3
0
3
2
4
0
4
1
5
0
16/09/2002
Sample no
5
Hinewai
17/09/2002
No moths trapped
Sample no
0
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
1
3
1
25
2
1
2
25
3
0
3
13
4
0
4
21
5
0
5
42
Hinewai
1/10/2002
Sample no
No moths trapped
1/10/2002
Sample no
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
1
1
28
2
2
24
3
3
35
4
4
12
5
5
32
14.10.02
Hinewai
Sample no
14.10.02
No moths trapped
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
1
1
31
2
4
2
28
3
0
3
52
4
0
4
42
5
4
5
41
29.10.02
Hinewai
29.10.02
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
1
52
2
2
26
3
3
27
4
4
37
5
5
22
15.11.02
Sample no
Hinewai
14.11.02
No moths trapped
Sample no
McLeans Is
No moths trapped
1
2
1
105
2
7
2
62
3
0
3
27
4
4
4
61
5
11
5
57
28.11.02
Hinewai
28.11.02
McLeans Is
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
1
69
2
2
68
3
3
67
4
4
86
5
5
39
9.12.02
Hinewai
9.12.02
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
33
1
44
2
29
2
48
3
9
3
59
4
24
4
69
5
20
5
39
18.12.02
Hinewai
18.12.02
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
7
1
18
2
3
2
21
3
1
3
27
4
8
4
23
5
3
5
13
3.1.03
Sample no
Hinewai
3.1.03
No moths trapped
Sample no
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
1
24
1
28
2
6
2
32
3
7
3
35
4
31
4
21
5
15
5
8
20.1.03
Hinewai
20.1.03
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
20
1
40
2
0
2
29
3
13
3
52
4
13
4
38
5
3.2.03
15
Hinewai
5
3.2.03
23
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
10
1
47
2
16
2
100
3
0
3
26
4
16
4
67
5
0
5
19
Date
Location
Date
Location
17.2.03
Hinewai
18.2.03
McLeans Island
No moths trapped
Sample no
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
2
1
47
2
5
2
63
3
2
3
32
4
6
4
45
5
5
5
42
3.3.02
Hinewai
3.3.03
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
2
1
30
2
9
2
11
3
7
3
21
4
14
4
21
5
15
5
36
19.3.03
Hinewai
19.3.03
McLeans Island
Sample no
No moths trapped
Sample no
No moths trapped
1
2
1
45
2
14
2
27
3
5
3
7
4
5
4
9
5
2
5
28
Appendix 9
Plant activity (estimated % of reproductive activity)
Date
12.3.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.4.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Location
Bainham
Flowers
50
25
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
25
50
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
25
75
75
0
25
0
5
0
25
25
50
100
50
50
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bainham
Flowers
25
0
25
25
25
75
0
30
0
25
75
25
0
0
0
Bainham
Flowers
25
10
20
10
10
0
5
5
5
15
5
50
30
20
10
15
0
0
5
0
5
0
Green pods Brown pods
15
10
20
20
20
20
20
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
12
13
14
15
7.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
11.7.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7.8.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0
20
5
0
10
10
10
5
Bainham
Flowers
20
0
20
20
20
0
5
60
0
50
20
0
10
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
5
5
20
20
20
20
20
0
30
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
40
0
10
40
0
0
40
30
20
10
10
5
5
30
5
5
0
60
10
5
5
Green pods Brown pods
5
20
10
20
10
15
10
10
40
5
5
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
5
50
5
30
30
5
0
Bainham
Flowers
10
10
10
10
20
60
30
60
70
70
10
0
0
0
0
50
30
30
10
40
10
5
10
0
5
0
5
10
10
10
Bainham
Flowers
20
30
20
5
5
0
0
10
0
20
0
10
0
5
5
30
50
40
0
40
10
40
30
20
60
40
60
40
30
30
20
20
Green pods Brown pods
40
10
30
50
30
20
30
30
40
40
20
10
40
50
40
20
14
15
20/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16/10/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20
40
50
Bainham
Flowers
20
30
10
30
20
40
50
10
80
30
50
20
40
40
30
10
10
15
10
70
20
80
60
60
10
20
10
20
Bainham
Flowers
20
10
10
10
10
5
100
5
100
10
50
10
85
50
30
40
20
10
Bainham
Flowers
10
10
20
30
25
25
40
40
10
40
Green pods Brown pods
30
20
20
30
40
10
40
10
40
50
10
30
30
60
40
45
30
10
40
20
Green pods Brown pods
70
10
80
10
70
20
80
10
70
20
10
85
90
5
5
60
50
30
80
10
50
10
Green pods Brown pods
25
75
85
15
55
45
15
85
10
90
50
50
80
65
35
50
75
20
50
50
15
85
20
80
20
80
22/12/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Bainham
Flowers
10/01/2003
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Bainham
Flowers
21.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Bainham
Flowers
13.3.03
Green pods Brown pods
75
5
5
5
70
75
10
70
5
5
70
100
55
5
45
5
90
10
5
15
Green pods Brown pods
10
5
10
5
5
25
5
70
80
60
70
50
40
25
Green pods Brown pods
50
60
5
50
40
40
50
20
10
Bainham
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.3.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.4.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
Flowers
75
50
25
80
60
20
20
Green pods Brown pods
25
25
25
20
40
80
5
10
15
85
25
70
0
0
0
25
75
100
100
75
25
25
50
25
50
25
0
5
10
25
20
Onekaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
100
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
25
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
25
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
25
25
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
Onekaka
Flowers
25
0
0
25
50
25
25
25
50
25
20
0
75
25
0
25
0
25
25
25
25
20
50
25
25
20
25
25
25
25
Green pods Brown pods
50
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
50
0
25
0
25
0
50
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
30
0
50
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
50
50
Onekaka
Flowers
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7.8.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
20
0
10
10
10
70
20
20
60
0
0
10
20
60
60
20
30
40
30
10
10
20
20
20
Onekaka
Flowers
5
0
20
5
10
10
70
10
10
20
90
40
30
40
10
20
0
5
20
60
40
20
20
30
30
10
10
10
10
10
30
10
10
50
20
40
30
10
40
40
20
20
30
30
30
Green pods Brown pods
10
10
10
20
10
10
30
0
70
0
60
0
20
0
50
20
20
10
40
0
10
0
20
10
10
10
10
0
20
30
30
10
10
Green pods Brown pods
20
30
25
40
25
35
Onekaka
Flowers
20
25
30
0
40
30
0
0
20
10
10
10
0
0
10
0
20
Green pods Brown pods
35
40
10
90
40
0
10
20
30
0
50
0
10
10
50
20
10
20
40
10
0
0
20
20
10
10
20
20
10
70
Onekaka
Flowers
5
0
5
10
10
0
40
0
0
10
20
40
20
30
20
0
50
50
40
20
40
50
30
40
0
10
20
10
30
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
30
10
10
20
10
30
20
30
25
70
50
30
10
15
20
20
30
Onekaka
Flowers
5
10
10
55
40
50
30
10
5
5
5
10
20
40
30
40
55
5
10
10
16.10.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Onekaka
Flowers
17/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
Onekaka
Flowers
20
20
20
20
10
40
20
40
20
45
45
10
10
10
50
7010
65
65
70
50
60
30
40
5
20
30
20
25
15
20
20
20
30
20
5
10
10
Green pods Brown pods
40
50
40
50
20
30
60
45
50
50
45
30
65
50
40
40
40
55
45
60
35
30
50
30
5
Green pods Brown pods
70
10
80
80
70
10
60
40
60
30
50
10
60
20
50
10
40
40
50
5
50
5
80
10
70
20
60
30
Green pods Brown pods
5
20
75
20
80
85
15
50
50
5
95
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
22/12/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10/01/2003
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
21.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
10
5
10
15
Onekaka
Flowers
20
Green pods Brown pods
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
10
15
5
10
15
10
25
25
10
10
10
Onekaka
Flowers
30
80
50
90
100
80
70
75
50
20
50
40
10
25
75
75
50
Green pods Brown pods
5
75
10
60
20
5
70
50
5
5
70
5
10
80
5
20
75
5
60
5
5
5
10
75
5
75
5
90
90
Onekaka
Flowers
90
5
5
5
10
10
5
5
20
40
75
50
50
75
75
25
25
50
60
5
30
20
Green pods Brown pods
5
10
5
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.3.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.3.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.4.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
80
40
40
50
80
90
90
10
10
5
5
15
Onekaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
10
5
10
10
80
50
60
90
70
10
40
40
10
40
50
45
50
50
50
5
70
80
90
80
50
10
10
10
20
50
5
5
0
25
0
0
50
0
50
0
0
0
50
25
0
50
50
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
75
25
0
25
0
0
25
100
0
0
50
0
0
100
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
50
100
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
75
50
25
0
5
30
75
0
0
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
25
0
0
25
0
0
25
0
0
50
50
0
50
45
0
40
30
0
10
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
18.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
8.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
20
0
10
0
0
5
20
20
40
0
50
50
40
20
50
0
50
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
30
20
20
60
10
20
10
10
20
20
10
10
10
10
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
25
0
60
10
0
30
40
0
30
50
1
30
10
0
20
70
0
20
20
0
10
10
0
10
10
15
20
40
0
20
10
0
30
40
20
10
20
0
10
0
0
20
40
10
20
40
30
0
10
0
50
60
90
20
40
5
10
30
0
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
20
40
0
10
10
0
30
30
5
10
30
50
30
40
20
10
90
0
20
10
0
30
10
0
10
0
0
20
60
0
40
20
0
10
40
45
40
30
0
10
5
0
5
40
55
40
20
30
0
0
10
20
50
20
0
20
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
40
20
0
50
30
0
50
20
0
10
30
50
20
50
30
70
20
0
60
10
0
40
10
0
50
30
0
100
0
0
50
10
10
12
13
14
15
6.8.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
20
20
0
25
25
10
20
10
50
20
10
20
20
20
40
30
5
40
30
20
10
40
10
30
10
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
25
50
50
25
50
50
15
25
60
40
40
20
20
40
40
50
50
10
30
40
10
20
60
10
30
20
30
40
10
5
50
45
10
40
40
20
40
40
20
40
40
22/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
10
50
40
40
50
10
40
50
10
10
40
50
20
60
20
10
50
40
20
60
20
35
60
5
10
80
10
20
75
5
10
80
10
20
50
30
20
70
10
40
30
30
10
85
5
15.10.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
45
50
10
45
45
5
55
40
10
40
50
10
70
20
20
50
30
20
70
10
20
70
10
5
85
10
5
30
60
5
5
55
40
5
35
60
10
50
40
14
15
5
5
50
45
45
50
17.11.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
40
55
55
45
50
50
50
45
55
10
50
40
10
60
30
10
50
40
5
40
55
40
60
5
15
80
50
20
50
50
30
70
10
50
22/12/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
100
100
100
100
20
15
85
5
5
90
100
5
5
90
100
100
5
10
85
5
95
50
5
10
20
12/01/2003
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
5
5
5
30
5
5
10
15
60
5
5
5
5
21.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14.3.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20.3.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17.4.02
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
75
95
90
5
95
50
80
85
100
90
100
25
100
100
100
5
5
20
5
50
5
75
East Takaka
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
90
40
90
20
55
10
95
80
95
75
95
5
90
95
90
60
5
20
45
90
15
20
5
90
10
5
10
Hinewai
Flowers
75
0
0
75
75
100
100
75
25
100
50
0
0
100
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Hinewai
5
Green pods Brown pods
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
0
0
25
20
25
50
0
0
0
0
0
20
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
Flowers
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
80
100
100
100
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hinewai
Flowers
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
100
100
100
20
Hinewai
Flowers
95
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
95
90
Hinewai
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
19.8.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14.10.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
80
100
100
95
100
95
55
100
100
60
55
100
100
60
100
20
0
0
5
0
5
45
0
0
40
45
0
0
40
0
Hinewai
Flowers
60
95
100
75
90
90
60
100
100
50
55
100
75
60
95
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
40
5
25
10
10
40
50
45
25
40
5
Hinewai
Flowers
5
20
50
25
60
50
30
80
95
5
20
70
10
40
85
Green pods Brown pods
95
80
50
75
40
50
70
20
5
95
80
30
90
60
15
Hinewai
Flowers
5
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Green pods Brown pods
95
90
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5
5
20
5
5
40
50
10
10
20
5
20
75
95
95
80
95
95
60
50
90
90
80
95
80
25
Hinewai
Flowers
5
90
100
100
95
95
100
100
100
100
95
100
100
100
100
100
9.12.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Hinewai
Flowers
20/01/2003
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
Hinewai
Flowers
25
20
5
50
65
25
30
100
80
5
90
50
40
5
5
Green pods Brown pods
10
5
5
Green pods Brown pods
25
20
30
50
35
20
60
20
40
30
10
5
10
Green pods Brown pods
90
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
5
5
5
5
20
5
5
17.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Hinewai
Flowers
19.3.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Hinewai
Flowers
20.3.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
70
40
Green pods Brown pods
5
20
10
5
5
5
10
75
20
5
10
5
5
Green pods Brown pods
10
10
10
10
10
30
70
75
5
20
10
80
20
75
95
100
25
100
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
80
0
0
25
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
75
0
0
0
0
0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17.4.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
60
25
75
100
20
100
80
75
0
30
0
25
0
0
0
20
25
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
40
70
100
25
25
10
100
5
95
30
5
100
50
10
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
40
20
0
40
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
50
0
0
80
0
0
0
0
0
90
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
90
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
5
0
0
25
75
80
100
25
100
50
95
25
80
80
70
90
70
75
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
25
0
0
25
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
5
0
0
75
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
30
0
0
10
0
0
30
0
0
25
0
0
50
50
50
100
25
75
90
80
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
0
0
50
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
75
0
0
25
0
0
5
0
0
20
0
0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
80
60
95
50
50
60
75
20
40
5
50
50
40
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
0
0
50
0
0
60
0
0
0
0
0
55
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
55
0
0
35
0
0
50
0
0
5
0
0
50
0
0
60
0
0
50
0
0
5
0
0
20/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
50
50
40
100
45
100
95
45
65
50
95
50
40
50
45
19.08.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
60
40
75
25
100
20
80
50
50
70
30
45
45
50
50
30
70
60
40
65
25
60
30
80
20
50
50
80
20
17/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
75
25
10
50
50
60
70
90
40
85
25
75
90
50
50
40
30
10
60
15
11
12
13
14
15
14/10/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
13.12.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
65
60
65
5
85
50
95
95
95
5
40
80
10
60
5
45
80
45
35
40
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
10
10
35
40
45
95
15
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
5
5
5
95
60
20
90
40
95
55
20
55
65
60
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
60
20
20
20
20
20
40
40
60
20
30
20
40
20
60
20
40
20
20
50
40
20
10
10
40
10
20
10
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
13
14
15
20.1.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
19.3.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
10
5
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
10
5
10
90
30
30
40
30
40
10
10
25
30
40
5
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
70
40
30
95
70
70
60
55
100
40
80
70
30
20
5
5
50
5
30
5
5
30
35
45
McLeans Island
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
45
75
40
20
5
20
40
50
70
40
40
80
25
40
5
65
5
60
40
40
20
40
40
5
10
15
2.5.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
12.6.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
80
95
0
90
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
50
95
95
95
0
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
20
100
100
20
50
75
50
100
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
0
0
50
0
0
25
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
20
100
100
75
100
100
100
100
100
100
20
40
30
25
100
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
0
0
60
0
0
70
0
0
75
0
0
0
0
0
20.08.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
20
80
100
100
60
40
100
100
100
100
95
5
95
5
40
60
30
70
20
80
10
90
100
16/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
80
10
20
80
5
21.10.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
14/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
20
90
80
20
95
100
100
100
75
75
25
10
5
5
100
20
20
20
10
25
30
50
60
10
20
50
45
40
30
60
25
25
75
90
95
95
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
80
80
80
90
75
70
50
40
90
80
50
55
60
70
40
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20
10
5
5
5
10
10
50
20
30
80
90
95
85
100
95
90
90
100
100
100
20
20
20
100
10
5
10
18/12/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
75
25
50
50
10
90
5
95
10
80
20
80
10
40
60
30
40
40
30
60
5
55
5
5
5
10
5
90
10
21.1.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
5
20
30
10
10
30
30
5
5
20
5
5
20
30
17.2.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
10
5
10
10
5
5
5
20
20
5
5
5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20.3.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
19/07/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
20.08.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
60
5
5
10
5
5
5
20
20
80
70
Trotters Gorge
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
70
20
20
30
5
15
5
90
90
95
90
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
100
100
100
50
100
100
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
100
100
100
100
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
95
90
90
100
100
100
100
100
50
95
95
5
10
10
50
5
5
17/09/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
95
5
100
95
5
100
60
40
60
40
60
40
80
20
65
35
80
20
90
10
100
50
50
70
30
75
25
18.10.02
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
65
55
50
70
5
10
10
20
70
50
20
55
20
25
25
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
35
45
50
30
95
90
90
80
30
50
80
45
75
5
75
75
14/11/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
5
25
70
100
100
90
10
80
20
90
10
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
5
5
5
5
5
10
60
70
90
90
70
95
80
95
85
40
20
5
10
25
15
5
19/12/2002
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
10
10
60
30
35
60
5
70
30
50
50
45
55
60
40
50
50
5
95
100
80
20
5
95
10
80
10
5
90
100
21.1.03
Sample no. Buds
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Lake Ohau
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
20
30
20
70
40
70
20
40
10
5
5
5
10
5
10
10
Lake Ohau
18.2.03
Sample no. Buds
Flowers
Green pods Brown pods
no activity at this site this month or in
Appendix 10
Percentage of pods damaged by Exapion ulicis and Cydia succedana
17-May-02 Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% c. succ.
1
15
8
53.3
2
25
5
20
3
25
2
8
4
40
15
37.5
5
25
10
40
6
25
6
24
7
8
25
6
24
9
10
11
12
20
5
25
13
25
7
28
14
25
7
28
15
Average
25
7.1
28.8
7.06.02
Bainham
Sample no n of pods Pods E ulici % E. ulicis Pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
10
40
2
25
5
20
3
25
4
16
4
25
3
12
5
25
5
20
6
25
6
24
7
8
9
10
11
12
25
5
20
13
25
1
4
14
25
6
24
15
Average
25
5
20
11.07.02
Bainham
Sample no n of pods Pods E ulici % E. ulicis Pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
2
8
2
25
3
12
3
25
0
4
25
3
12
5
25
4
16
6
8
0
7
0
8
25
1
4
9
0
10
18
0
11
0
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
2
22.8
2.5
8
0
0
0
4
7.08.02
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
0
2
25
3
12
3
25
3
12
4
25
3
12
5
25
1
4
6
25
1
4
7
8
25
2
8
9
10
11
12
25
0
13
25
2
8
14
25
5
20
15
Average
25
2.5
8
20/09/2002 Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
0
2
25
0
3
25
0
4
25
0
5
25
0
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
25
0
13
25
0
14
25
0
15
25
0
Average
25
0
16.10.02
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
20
2
20
3
20
4
29
5
20
6
15
7
8
17
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
20
15
15
19.1
1
1
6.7
6.7
17.11.02
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C succ
1
25
2
25
2
3
25
2
4
25
5
25
1
4
2
6
25
7
8
25
9
10
11
12
25
13
25
1
4
14
25
1
4
15
25
Average
25
1
4
2
8
8
8
8
22.12.02
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C succ
1
25
2
8
7
28
2
25
2
8
3
12
3
25
6
24
4
25
4
16
5
25
6
24
5
20
6
25
3
12
1
4
7
25
3
12
8
25
9
10
25 `
11
25
1
4
12
25
13
25
2
8
1
4
14
25
1
4
3
12
15
25
2
8
2
8
Average
25
2.6
10.3
3.3
13.1
10.1.03
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C succ
1
2
25
2
8
12
48
3
25
5
20
10
40
4
25
2
8
13
52
5
25
6
24
5
20
6
7
25
10
40
11
44
8
25
5
20
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
5
20
4
16
8.6
34.3
21.2.03
Bainham
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C succ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
25
1
4
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
1
4
18.5.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
50
17
34
2
3
50
17
34
4
50
14
28
5
50
15
30
6
7
50
15
30
8
50
10
20
9
50
15
30
10
50
15
30
11
50
18
36
12
25
5
20
13
50
10
20
14
15
50
17
34
Average
47.9
14
28.8
7.6.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
7
28
2
25
1
4
3
25
1
4
4
25
3
12
5
50
6
12
6
25
2
8
7
25
2
8
8
25
0
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
4
16
0
25
25
25
26.9
0
2
3
3.1
8
12
8.6
13.07.02
Onekaka
Sample no n of pods Pods E ulici % E. ulicis Pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
3
12
2
25
0
3
0
4
25
1
4
5
25
5
20
6
25
2
8
7
25
0
8
25
1
4
9
25
1
4
10
25
1
4
11
25
0
12
25
1
4
13
25
0
14
25
0
15
25
0
Average
25
1.9
4
7.8.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
2
8
2
25
0
3
25
3
12
4
20
1
5
5
27
6
25
4
16
7
25
1
4
8
25
9
25
1
4
10
25
2
8
11
25
1
4
12
10
1
10
13
25
14
25
3
12
15
25
Average
23.8
1.9
7.5
20/09/2002
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
2
3
4
20
5
20
6
25
7
20
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
20
1
4
1
4
20
20
21.7
16.10.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C succ.
1
20
2
3
4
20
5
20
6
20
7
20
8
20
9
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
Average
20
17.11.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
2
8
3
12
2
25
1
4
5
20
3
25
6
24
1
4
4
25
3
12
2
8
5
25
2
8
7
28
6
25
3
12
3
12
7
25
5
20
3
12
8
25
4
16
9
36
9
25
2
8
1
4
10
25
0
11
25
0
2
8
12
25
5
20
13
25
2
8
1
4
14
25
2
8
2
8
15
22
2
9.1
Average
24.8
3.0
10.5
3.3
13.0
22.12.02
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
14
56
8
32
2
25
18
72
3
12
3
25
2
8
1
4
4
25
2
8
3
12
5
25
15
60
6
24
6
25
2
8
4
16
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
14
14
6
9
5
12
14
5
18
10
56
56
24
36
20
48
56
20
72
40
3
3
2
3
5
3
4
3
3
3.6
12
12
8
12
20
12
16
12
12
14.4
10.1.03
Onekaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
2
25
13
52
9
36
3
4
25
3
12
4
16
5
6
25
1
4
5
20
7
25
15
60
4
16
8
25
17
68
2
8
9
10
25
14
56
9
36
11
25
18
72
5
20
12
13
25
11
44
5
20
14
25
12
48
1
4
15
25
17
68
3
12
Average
25
12.1
48.4
4.7
18.8
18.5.02
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
2
3
4
50
21
42
5
50
24
48
6
50
23
46
7
8
9
10
50
30
60
11
12
50
15
30
13
50
29
58
14
15
50
16
32
Average
50
22.6
45.1
8.6.02
East Takaka
Sample no n of pods Pods E ulici % E ulicis Pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
4
16
2
25
2
8
3
25
2
8
4
25
0
5
25
2
8
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
2
2
8
8
25
25
25
25
5
2
1
20
0
8
4
25
25
2
2.4
8
8
13.7.02
East Takaka
Sample no n of pods Pods E ulici % E. ulicis Pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
1
4
2
25
6
24
3
25
4
25
1
4
5
25
4
16
6
25
7
25
8
25
1
4
9
25
1
4
10
25
11
20
12
25
2
8
13
25
1
4
14
25
15
25
1
4
Average
24.7
2
8
6.8.02
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
2
25
1
4
3
25
4
25
5
25
4
16
6
25
7
25
2
8
8
16
2
12.5
9
17
10
11
11
15
12
25
2
8
13
25
14
25
1
4
15
25
1
4
Average
22.3
1.9
8.1
22/09/2002
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
20
2
20
1
5
3
20
4
20
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
1
1
5
5
1
5
15.10.02
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C succ.
1
25
2
25
3
25
4
25
1
5
5
25
1
5
6
25
7
25
1
5
8
25
9
25
10
25
11
25
12
25
13
25
14
25
15
25
Average
25
1
5
16.11.02
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
2
8
5
20
2
25
3
12
3
12
3
25
9
36
1
4
4
25
1
4
1
4
5
25
4
16
5
20
6
20
0
1
5
7
25
6
24
1
4
8
25
0
1
4
9
25
9
36
3
12
10
25
2
8
2
8
11
25
13
52
5
20
12
13
25
1
4
7
28
14
25
4
16
5
20
15
25
5
20
Average
24.6
4.9
16.9
3.1
12.4
22.12.02
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succedana
1
25
5
20
4
16
2
25
3
12
1
4
3
25
11
44
0
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
5
2
10
4
14
2
6
6
7
10
10
6.4
4
20
8
40
16
56
8
24
24
28
40
40
25.6
12
2
1
6
2
8
5
1
6
6
5
4
4.5
48
8
4
24
8
32
20
4
24
24
20
16
16.8
12.1.03
East Takaka
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
25
10
40
3
12
8
25
5
20
3
12
9
10
25
4
16
4
16
11
12
25
12
48
5
20
13
14
15
Average
25
7.75
31
3.75
15
19.12.02
Lake Ohau
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
20
14
70
2
20
16
80
3
20
16
80
4
20
14
70
5
20
12
60
6
20
17
85
1
5
7
20
12
60
1
5
8
25
15
60
9
10
11
25
16
64
12
13
20
7
35
14
15
Average
21
13.9
66.4
1
5
21.1.03
Lake Ohau
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C.succ.
1
2
25
7
28
3
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
16
20
64
80
5
2
20
8
25
23
92
2
8
25
25
25
25
25
25
19
15
23
23
25
19
76
60
92
92
100
76
3
4
2
2
12
16
8
8
0
10.2
2.9
20.1.03
Sample no
Hinewai
No of pods pods E ulicis % E. ulicis pods C. succe% C. succ.
1
25
7
28
3
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
7
28
3
12
17.2.03
Hinewai
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
4
16
14
56
2
3
25
2
8
2
8
4
5
25
4
16
4
16
6
7
8
9
25
5
20
3
12
10
11
25
2
8
10
40
12
25
3
12
5
20
13
14
15
25
2
8
4
16
Average
25
3.1
12.6
6
24
19.3.03
Hinewai
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
25
1
4
6
24
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
7
28
6
24
25
4
16
16
64
25
25
7
0
28
7
6
28
24
25
4.8
15.2
8.2
32.8
Trotters Gorge
21.1.03
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
7
28
2
8
2
25
10
40
1
4
3
4
25
17
68
2
8
5
6
25
8
32
3
12
7
8
9
25
3
12
3
12
10
11
25
4
16
12
13
14
15
Average
25.0
8.2
32.7
2.2
8.8
Trotters Gorge
17.2.03
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E. ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ.
1
25
1
4
2
8
2
25
3
12
2
8
3
25
7
28
1
4
4
25
8
32
1
4
5
25
8
32
2
8
6
25
4
16
3
12
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25.0
5.2
20.7
1.8
7.3
Trotters Gorge
20.3.03
Sample no No of pods pods E ulici % E ulicis pods C. succ% C. succ
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Average
25
25
2
2
8
8
25
11
44
25
5
20
1
1
4
4
1
4
Appendix 11
Estimates of gorse bush heights (mm)
Location
Location
Bainham
Onekaka
Sample no.
Bush Height
Sample no.
Bush Height
1
1800
1
3100
2
3000
2
3500
3
3000
3
3500
4
2500
4
1800
5
1500
5
700
6
3000
6
3000
7
1100
7
3500
8
3500
8
1900
9
1800
9
3000
10
1800
10
1800
11
1700
11
2200
12
2000
12
3100
13
1900
13
4100
14
1000
14
2000
15
2100
15
1700
East Takaka
Hinewai
Sample no.
Bush Height
Sample no.
Bush Height
1
2000
1
1800
2
2000
2
1000
3
2000
3
500
4
2500
4
1000
5
2100
5
1800
6
1600
6
1000
7
2200
7
1500
8
1000
8
800
9
2000
9
1200
10
2100
10
2000
11
2300
11
2000
12
2800
12
500
13
3200
13
700
14
900
14
2000
15
2000
15
1500
Location
Location
McLeans Island
Trotters Gorge
Sample no.
Sample no.
Bush Height (mm)
1
800
Bush Height
(mm)
1
3000
2
850
2
1000
3
750
3
800
4
1000
4
1200
5
1600
5
2000
6
600
6
2100
7
750
7
1800
8
500
8
1800
9
600
9
3000
10
1000
10
2200
11
900
11
2100
12
1200
12
1800
13
1000
13
2500
14
450
14
2000
15
200
15
1000
Lake Ohau
Sample no.
Bush Height (mm)
1
900
2
400
3
300
4
450
5
500
6
600
7
1000
8
1200
9
1500
10
2000
11
400
12
500
13
2000
14
1500
15
600