Document 13581617

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Review of Lecture 9
T
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,
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Solar hot water systems
C
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Maximum solar concentration
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Methods for©concentration
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Nontracking
tracking
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thermal-mechanical
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energy
conversion
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EM
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properties
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Review of Lecture 10
By C. Schuh
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 3.31 in Porter, David A., and
Kenneth E. Easterling. Phase Transformations in
Metals and Alloys. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 1992.
Review of Lecture 11
By I. Celanovic
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Courtesy of Ivan Celanovic. Used with permission.
Lecture 12 Solid-State Solar-Thermal
Energy Conversion MIT
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Solar thermophovoltaics
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Solar thermophotonics
t
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Solar
thermoelectrics
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Shockley-Queisser Limit
of Solar Cells (Lec.7)
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 3 in Henry, C. H. "Limiting Efficiencies of Ideal Single and Multiple Energy Gap Terrestrial Solar Cells."
Journal of Applied Physics 51 (August 1980): 4494-4500.
Shockley, W. and Queisser, H.J., Journal of Applied Physics, 32, 510 (1961).
Henry, C.H., Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 4494 (1980).
Where is energy lost?
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For E =1 eV
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gap: 20%
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g
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Terrestrial Solar Spectrum (W/m2μm)
1800
1600
AM1.5 Solar Spectrum
Energy Usable for Silicon PV Cells
1400
1200
1000
800
Bandgap of Silicon
(1.1 μm)
600
400
200
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1
1.5
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Wavelength (μm)
2.5
3
Solar
1500
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500
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2.5
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Emissivity Absorptance
Power (W/m2μm)
Solar Thermophotovoltaics
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Problems
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Needs very narrow bandwidth
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Wuerfel and Ruppel Analysis
– Black Absorber
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Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 1, 3, 4 in Würfel, Peter, and Wolfgang Ruppel.
"Upper Limit of Thermophotovoltaic Solar-Energy Conversion."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ED-27 (April 1980): 745-750.
Wuerfel and Ruppel, IEEE Trans. Elec. Devices, ED-27, 745, 1980
Wuerfel and Ruppel Analysis
– Selective Absorber
IT
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Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 6 and 7 in Würfel, Peter, and Wolfgang Ruppel.
"Upper Limit of Thermophotovoltaic Solar-Energy Conversion."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ED-27 (April 1980): 745-750.
Wuerfel and Ruppel, IEEE Trans. Elec. Devices, ED-27, 745, 1980
Wuerfel and Ruppel Analysis
– Selective Absorber + Filter IT
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Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 9-11 in Würfel, Peter, and Wolfgang Ruppel.
"Upper Limit of Thermophotovoltaic Solar-Energy Conversion."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ED-27 (April 1980): 745-750.
Wuerfel and Ruppel, IEEE Trans. Elec. Devices, ED-27, 745, 1980
Optimal Bandgap & Temperature
IT
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 5 in Tobias, I., and A. Luque.
"Ideal Efficiency and Potential of Solar Thermophotonic
Converters Under Optically and Thermally Concentrated Power Flux."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 49 (November 2002): 2024-2030.
Tobias and Luque, IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 49, 2024 (2002)
Andreev et al.,
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Courtesy of Viacheslav Andreev. Used with permission.
Some Examples
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pvlab.ioffe.ru/technology/tpv.html
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Courtesy of Viacheslav Andreev. Used with permission.
Solar Thermophotonics
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.
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i
o
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l
E
Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 1 in Tobias, I., and A. Luque.
"Ideal Efficiency and Potential of Solar Thermophotonic
Converters Under Optically and Thermally Concentrated Power Flux."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 49 (November 2002): 2024-2030.
Tobias and Luque, IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 49, 2024 (2002)
TPH---Monochromatic Limit
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LED
STPH---No Filter
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 3 in Tobias, I., and A. Luque.
"Ideal Efficiency and Potential of Solar Thermophotonic
Converters Under Optically and Thermally Concentrated Power Flux."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 49 (November 2002): 2024-2030.
STPH---With Filter
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.
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2 r 2 ca
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r
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 4 in Tobias, I., and A. Luque.
"Ideal Efficiency and Potential of Solar Thermophotonic
Converters Under Optically and Thermally Concentrated Power Flux."
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 49 (November 2002): 2024-2030.
Solar Thermoelectrics IT
M
,
n o
e
t
h
• US Patent
No.
389124:
l
C
a
E. g
Weston
in 1888
m
r
n
e
• aM. Telkes,
765, 1954
h
n
G /T iJAP,
o
r
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t
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C D i rg y
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Efficiency: 0.63%
e
El
Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 6 in Telkes, Maria. "Solar Thermoelectric Generators."
Journal of Applied Physics 25 (June 1954): 765-777.
Solar Thermoelectrics
– Flat Panel Prototypes
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Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 6 in Telkes, Maria. "Solar Thermoelectric Generators."
Journal of Applied Physics 25 (June 1954): 765-777.
Solar Thermoelectric Generator
---Concentrated PrototypesMIT
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Images and text removed due to copyright restrictions.
Please see Fig. 3, 10 and Table III in Dent, C. L., and M. H. Cobble.
"A Solar Thermoelectric Generator Experiment and Analysis."
Proceedings of the International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy
Conversion 4 (1982): 75-78.
Hybrid PV and TE T
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Solid-State Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion Center
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APL, Junen2008 rm
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3
Courtesy of DOE/NREL, Credit - Beck Energy.
Courtesy of NASA.
Two Configurations IT
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Please see Fig. 1 in Vorobiev, Y. V., et al. "Analysis of Potential Conversion Efficiency of a Solar
Hybrid System with a High-Temperature Stage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128 (May 2006): 258-260.
Vorobiev et al., J. Solar Energy Eng., 128, 258, 2006.
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
2.997 Direct Solar/Thermal to Electrical Energy Conversion Technologies
Fall 2009
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
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