The CPacific cNorthwet
eA Syllabus
eany
The cPaeific cNorEhwe
eA Syllabus
Edmund S. Meatiy
S
I. PERIOD OF DISCOVERY
1. Spanish Voyages
IntroductOry.
1. Columbus and. Balboa.
ii. Magellan's voyage around the globe.
iii Cortez in Mexico
Cabrillo and. Ferrelo.
1. First to reach the Northwest, 1543.
Vizcaino, Aquilar, and Flores.
i. Reached 45 degrees, north latitude,
l6O3.
Juan Perez, 1774.
Gave "San Lorenzo'
Nootka.
as first
name of
Indians clamor for iron and. copper.
Gave "Santa Rosalia" as first name
or Mount Olympus.
e. Heceta and Quadra, 1775.
1. First landing north of Point Grenville.
Quadra named 'Isla de Dolores".
Heceta atmouth of Columbia River.
Ignacio Arteaga, 1779.
1. Exploration near Lount Saint Elias.
g. The Nootka Controversy.
1.
Seizure of British ships by
Martinez, 1789..
Preparation for war.
Treaty signed at Madrid, 28 Oct. 1790
Elisa, Fidalgo, and Quimper, 1790.
Quad.ra and Vancouver meet at Nootku,
1792.
Flags lowered, 1795.
2. British Voyages
a. Franc is Drake, 1579.
Took possession and. named "Nova
Albion".
Knighted on his return.
b. Thomas Cavendish, 1587
i.
Referred to in Juan de Fuca myth.
c. James Cock, 1778.
i.
Importance ol' his third Pacific
voyage.
11. Discoveries and explorations on
Northwest coast
lii. Begi.nning of fur trade.
d. James ilanna, 1785-1786.
i.
Pioneer fur trader.
e. John Meares, 1786.
f. James Strange, 1786.
1. Named Queen Charlotte Sound.
g. Nathanial Portlock and George Dixon,
1786-1787.
Elaborate expedition.
1.
ii.
"King George's Sound".
iiL Separate journals published.
ii. Charles William Barkley, 1787.
Barkley Sound named for him.
1.
Observed Straits.
Mrs. Barkley first white woman in
Northwest.
1. Duncan and Colnett, 1'787-1788.
j.John Meares and William Douglas, 1788.
Trick ordouble colors.
1.
Building a schooner.
ii.
ui. Chinese artisans.
"Rediscovers" Strait of Tuan de Fuca.
Named Mount Olympus.
Discovered "Shoalwater" or Willapa Bay.
Disappointed at mouth of the Columbia
River.
k. Vessels seized by Spaniards, 1789.
Captains representing Meares.
i.
Prisoners and ships released.
ii.
iii Meares complained to the British Govt.
The Nootka Sound controversy.
iv.
1. George Vancouver, 1792.
Discovery of Puget Sound.
1.
Explorations.
ii.
iii. Negotiations at Nootka.
iv. Publications of his journals4
3. Russian ann French Voyages
a. Russia's approach to the Pacific.
Lure of the ermine and. fossil ivory.
1.
Pacific reached in 1700.
Ambition of Peter the Great.
b. Bering Strait
Discovered in 1728.
i.
a. The Okotsh Sea.
Discovered in 1739.
1.
d. Bering?s Great Expedition, 1741,
Vitus Bering.
i.
ii., AlexeiChirikof.
Vessels, separate.
.'
Alaska and Mount Saint Elias discovered.
V..
Death of Bering..
Doctor George Wilhelm Steller's
discoveries.
Bering Island and Bering Sea.
e. Lieutenant Synd, 1766-1767.
i. Exploration of ?Fox Islands"
f. Captains Krenetzen and Levaschef, l768-1'769.
i. Methods of fur trade reported.
g. Count Maurice de Benyowsky, 1771.
i. Accidental exploration of Bering Strait.
h. Master Gerassim Pribilof.
i. Discovery of seal rookeries, 1786.
i. Fur Trade Lonopoly.
j. Alexander Ardreievicn Baranof.
Founding of Sitka, 1790.
1.
11. Like a Czar in America for three
decades.
k. French Voyages.
1. Francois G. de la Perouse, 1786.
Etienrie Marchand, 1791.
No attempt at occupation.
4. American Voyages.
a. The Boston Company.
Purposes ofits organization.
Captains Kendrick and Gray.
Ships Columbia and Lady Vlashington.
The famous medal.
The captains exchange vessels.
Grays voyae around the globe.
b. Captain Gray's Second Voyage, 1791-1792.
Sloop built at Clayoquot during winter.
Meeting with Vancouver.
Discovery of Grays Harbor and Columbia
River.
Importance of Gray's work to America.
Experiences of Captain Kendrick.
V.
John Bolt's Journal.
c. Joseph Ingraham, 1'791-1792.
1.
In brig flHope?I from Boston
d. James McGee, 1792.
In ship "Margaret' from
i.
Boston.
e. 9. D. Coolidge, 1792.
1. In ship "Grace" from New York by way of
China.
C. Ship "Boston", 1803.
Captain John Salter's tragic death.
Jewitt and Thompson survive.
Escape from Indian slavery.
Reason for 'Boston-man" in Chinook
Jargon.
II. PERIOD OF EXPLORATION.
5. First Across the Continent
a. The Shining Mountains.
The Verendyre approach, 1743.
1.
Johathan Carver and the maine of Oregon.
b
Alexander Mackenzie
The Mackenzie River, 1789.
I.
ii. Up Peace River toward the Pacific,1793.
Mutiny overcome.
Meeting with Indians.
Portage to the Bella Coola.
PaifiO Coast reached.
famous painting on a rock.
viii.Return jcurney.
6. Lewis and Clark Expedition
1803-1806.
a. Evolution Of the plan.
1.
Jef.erson's letter to George Rogers
Clark, 1783.
John Ledyard
Michaux and Lewis, 1792.
Tefferson's private secretary, 1801.
b. Organization.
1.
Jefferson's letter of credit.
William Clark chosen one of the leaders
Secret message to Congress.
Impulse from Louisiana Purchase Treaty,
1803.
c. Under Way.
1.
Winter of 1803-1804 on the Mississippi.
Second winter at Mandan Indian village.
Sacajawea.
Meeting Indians in the Rockies.
The brother of Sacajawea.
d. Reaching the Pacific.
1.
Friendly Nez Perces.
ii. Canoeing to the Pacific.
111. V7flter of 1805-1806 at Fort Clatsop.
iv.
Return Trips,
e. Geographical results.
f Political and international results.
7. Kelley, Bonneville, Wyeth and. Slacuin.
a. Hall Jackson Kelley.
Interest in Oregon aroused in 1815.
Pamphlets and other agitations.
iii Trip to Oregon, 1834.
iv. Map and memoir.
.v. Eccentric but real help.
b. Captain 13. L. E. Bonneville.
i. Letter of instructions, 1831.
ii. Trapping, hunting and exploring.
iii. Visit to Fort Walla Walla.
iv. Difficulty in resuming his army career
v. Later in command at Fort Vancouver.
vi. Recent analysis by I. K. Russell
Nathaniel 3. Wyeth.
1.
Inspired by work of Hall 3. KeIley.
ii. The ttNatwyethivan?? invented and.
discarded.
Arrived at Fort Vancouver, Oct.29,1832.
JohnBall's school, ian. 1, 1833.
Columbia River Fishing and Trading Co.
Fort Hall and Fort William, 1834.
vii. Sold out to the Hudson's By Company.
Viii.His letter about wrecked Japanese.
ix. prophetic nature of his worl.
d. William A. Slacum.
Investigated Hudson's Bay Coxapany's
1.
work, 1837.
Cattle company formed.
Memoir before Congress.
Beconmmended retention of Puget Sound.
8. The TJnited States Exploring Expedition,
1838-1842.
Coimnander Charles Wilkes.
i.
Selected because of his astronomical
ability.
Plan suggested by President Andrew Jackson.
i.
To match work done by French and British
a. Squadron of American naval vessels.
Supplies forwarded to different ports.
Work in the Southern Pacific.
In Pacific Northwestern waters, l84l.
Anchored in Port Discovery.
Steamer "Beaver" did not respond to call
ilL Sailed to Nisqually.
lv.
Lieutenant Tohnson'strip over Cascades.
Exploring work by officers and. crews.
Visit by Wilkes to Columbia River.
Wreck of the "Peacock".
viii.Party sent overland to California.
Importance of geog,xaphic work..
Prompt use of information obtained.
Whole record never published.
9. Astoria.
First attempt by Winship brothers.
John Tacob Astor.
Success in fur trade.
Sought cooperation with Canadians.
a. Pacific Fur Company.
1.
Canadian partners.
ii. Voyage and loss of the "Tonquiii".
lii. Expedition by land.
d. Astoria established.
i.
Trade begun.
ii., British rivals.
Interior posts begun.
e. War of 1812.
Arrival of H.M.S. "Bacoon"
Astoria sold by Canadian partners.
Nanie changed to "Fort George".
10. Early British Fur Traders.
a. North-West Company of Montreal.
1.
Work of David Thompson, geographer.
ii.
Rivals of Astorians.
Interior posts established
iv.
Purchase of Astoria.
iii.
b. Treaty of Ghent, 24 Dec. 1814.
1.
Importance of Article I.
American negotiators.
ii.
c. Treaty of 3oint Occupancy.
Article III of Treaty of 20 Oct.1818.
For period of ten years.
d. Brief change of flags.
American rights recognized.
1.
British possession resumed.
ii.
e. verger with Hudson's Bay Company.
Relative influence of leaders.
i.
11. Hudson's Bay Company.
a. Organization and development.
Many rivals.
1.
Relative supremacy attained.
b. Doctor YobnMcLoijgh1jn..
1.
Prior to coming to Oregon in 1825.
Establishment of Fort Vancouver.
Expansion of the Company's work.
Cooperation with Douglas the botanist
Assistance to John Ball's school.
Kindness to missionaries and settlers.
"Uncrowned. Pcing of the Columbia".
c. Probable influence of the Monroe Doctrine.
d. Ultimatum by Henry Clay.
e. Renewal of the Joint Occupancy Treaty.
i. Term made indefinite.
f. Importance
L.
First
Puget
ii.
Puget
of Fort Nisqually.
settlement of white men on
Sound.
Sound Agricultural Company.
TV. INDIANS.
12. Arts and.
Difterent races and tribes.
Rates of progress shown by arts, implements,
etc.
Basketry.
Bows, arrows, and stone implements.
iii. Canoes and houses.
iv. Totem poles.
v.
Pictographa.
1..
ii.
C. Legends.
1.
"Origin of Fire".
'Explanation of Mound Prairie".
"Misp of the Queets".
"Origin of the Constel1ations'.
.13
Wars and Treaties
a. Ten
1.
iii.
it.
Method of negotiation.
Substance of the documents.
Delay in ratification.
b.,Wars followed the treaties.
i.
Unfair to blame the treaties.
21. Resistence to encroachiaent natural.
c. The war near Yakima.
d.. The war around Puget Sound.
1.
In the White River Valley.
ii.
ThO Battle of Seattle.
The vlar near Spokane.
Block-house forts.
End of the wars.
Ratification of the tredtles.
V. PIONEER DEVELOPLRNTS
14. Missionaries.
a. Indian request for religious teachers.
Be sonse by the Methodists.
Jason Lee and his associates. i8z.
ii.
Location in Willamette Valley.
c. The Vlbitnian Mission, l836.
Sent by the A..B.C.F.M.
1.
ii. Location in Vfalla Walla Valley.
iii.Spalding goes to Lapwal.
d.The Catholic missionaries, 1838.
1
Fathers Blanchet and Demers.
ii. Location narth of the Columbia River.
e. Reinforóements.
f. The Whitman massacre.
15. Early Sett1enents.
a. Fur trading posts.
b. Settlers south and north of the Co1umbia
c. Settlers on shores of Puget Sound.
i,
Simmons party at Tu.mwater, 1846.
ii.
Fort Steilacoom. l849
i!i, Van Asselt party, 1851.
Denny party at Alki, 1851.
lv.
Port Townsend, Dungeness and Whidby
IslanL
vi.
McCarver at Tacoma, 1868,
d. Settlers in Southwestern Vashington.
e. Settlers East of the Csscades.
f
Economic inf1uences
1.
The gold rush to California.
ii,
Demand for timber,
iii.. Need of cattle
g. Development.
16. Provisional Governments
Death cf Ewing Young, 1841.
Need to probate his estate.
i.
Settled by a temporary government.
o. "Wolf LeetingsT' of 1843.
1.
A government emerged.
Influence of the 1843 irnmigration
Committee changed to Legislature, 1645.
d. George Abernathy chosen gOvernor.
e. The dath of office.
i.
Effort to respect joint occupancy
f. Experience with a mint and postofflce.
Beaver money coined.
1.
postal rates changed.
Attitude of the HudsonTs Bay Company
Doctor McLoughlin seeks .Americn
1.
citizenship.
h. Case o
the
Peacocktstt long boat.
The great year 01' 1846.
Treaty with Great Britain.
1.
.ii. War begun with Mexico.
Oregon Act by Congress.
Geographical changes.
Political adjustments.
1. Economic progress.
READINGS
GENRL
Bancroft, Hubert Howe: Northwest Coast,
Oregon., Washingto, Montana and Wyoming.
Carey, Charles Henry: History of Oregon.
Evans, Elwood: History of the Pacific
Northwest,. Oregon and Washington.
Meany, Edmund S: History of the State of
Washington.
Oregon Historical Quarterly: Many
and documents.
ShaTh, Joseph:
articles
History of the Pacific
Northwest.
Sn.owden,
Clinton A..: History of Washington,
The Rise and Progress of an Axaerican
Washington
State.
Historical Quarterly:
articles and documents.
Note:
The above and.
the lists that follow
are given as helpful suggestions
and not as inclusive bibliographies.
SPECIAL. I. Period of Discovery
Barrington., Danes Miscellanies. The record
of Quadra's great voyage in 1775.
Boit, John; Journal. Constitutes a "New Log
of the Columbia."
Bulfinch, Thomas: Oregon and. Eldorado.
Cook, James: Journal of his Third Voyage
in the Pacific.
Dixou, &aorge:
A 3ioyagePound the
The World Eücompassed.
Drake, Sir Francis:
Manning, William Ray:
versy..
World.
The Nootka Contro-
In. the Annual Reports of Ithe
American Historical Association for the
year 1904..
Meares, John: Voyages made in the Years
1788 and 1789 from China to the N.W.
Coast of America..
Portlock, Nathaniel:
World.
A Voyage Round the
United States PubliO Documents Serial Number
1557. Contains reproductions of rare
Spanish charts.
SPECIAL.II. Period of
Exploration.
Chittenden, Hiram M.: History Of'
Fur Trade in the Far West,
Dye, Eva 1iery:
the American
The Conqust.
Irving, Washington:
Bonneville.
Ee1.1ey, Uall Jackson:
Adventures of Captain
Pamphlets (now
rare)
and Memoir in House of Representatives,
Document 101 in U.S. Public Docuinents,
Serial Number 351.
Lewis and Clark: Journals. The records of
this expedition appear in several available
e cli t
Mackenzie,
Alexander;
Voyages from Montreal
on the River St. Lawrence Through
Continent of North America to the
and Pacific Oceans in.
1793.
the Years
the
Frozen
1789 and
Russell, Isaac K.: Hidden Heroes of the
Rockies.
Wilkes, Charles: Narrative of the United
States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842.
Easily accessible but Monographs of the
sane expedition now rare.
SPECIAL. III Period of
Occupation:
Bryce, George: The Remarkable History of
the Hudson's Bay Company. Treats also
of other British fur companies.
The North West
Published by the University of
Cailfornia Press.
Davidson, Gordon. Cbarles:
Coinpany
Dye, Eva Emery: McLoughlin and Old 0reon,
and McDoa1d of Oregon.
Garrison, G. P.: Western Extension, 18411850. In the Junerican Thition series.
Holman, Frederick V.: Dr. John McLoughlin
the Father of Oregon.
Irving, Washington:. Astoria.
Lewis, Wi1lial S. and Murakami, Naojiro:
Ranald McDonald, 1824-1894.
Nisqually House: Jourzial. A portion published. in the Washington Historical
Quarterly beginning in Volume VI, at
page 179.
Skinner, Constance Lindsay: Adventures
of Oregon. In Chronicles of Ainerica
Series by the YalePress.
TrieCnyentiis,etc., 1776-1909,
compiled by William LI. M&lloy and
published in two volumes by the
United States Government.
Turner, Frederick 3ackson: Rise of the New
West, 1819-1829. In the American
Nation series.
SPECIAL IV.
Indians.
Bureau of American Ethnology. Annual Reports
and. Bulletins, many of which treat of
tribes in the Pacific Northwest.
Curtis, Edward S.: Indian Days ofthe
Long Ago, and. The North American Indian.
Tudson, Katherine B.: Myths and Legends of
the Pacific Northwest.
Rappler, Charles cr.: Indian Affairs, Volume
I., Laws and Treaties. Published. by the
United States Government.
Kip, Lawrence: Army Life on the Pacific,
and, Indian Council in the Valley of the
Walla Walla, 1855.
McBeth, Kate C.: The Nez Perces Indians
Since Lewis and Clark.
The Conquest of the Couer
D'Alenes, Spokanes and Palouses.
Mataring, B. F.:
Spler, Professor
and Mrs. Leslie: Several
monographs on the Pacific Northwest
Indians, published by the University of
Washington Press.
Stevens, Hazard: Life of Isaac lngalls
Stevens. Two Volumes, Consult Chapters on Indian Treaties and Indian Wars.
SPECIAL V. Pioneer Developments:
Conquerors. Has special
reference to the Methodist missionaries.
Atwood., Albert
Blanchet,
Historical
Francis Norbet
Sketches of the Catholic Church in.
Oregon, 1838-1878.
d
Cannon, Miles: Waiilatpu, Its Rise
Fall. A record of the Whitman Mission.
Denny., Arthur A.:
Sound.
Denny, Emily Inez:
Eells, Myron:
Pioneer Days on. Puget
Blazing the Way.
Marcus Whitman, Pathfinder
and Patriot.
rudson, Phoebe Goodell:
for an Ideal Home.
A Pioneer Search
Marshall, William Isaac: Acquisition of
Oregon and the Long Supprss. Evidence
About Marcus Whitman.
Oregon, Histories of. Consult Chters
dealing with missionaries, early
settlers and the provisional Government.
Splawn, Andrew Fackson:
Ka-mi-akin; the
Last Hero of the Yakiin.as.
Warren, Eliza Spalding:
West, the Spaldings.
Memoirs of the
Washington, Histories of. Consult chapters
dealing with topics under discussion.
West, Leoti: The Wide Northwest. Largely
the, observations of a teacher over a
period .t half, a century.
: