Today’s Topics on Creativity
ƒ Introduction
ƒ Creativity
– Nature
– Design Rules and Combinatorics
– Work of Vance and de Bono
ƒ TRIZ theory
– TRIZ, Value Engineering and the Semantic
Web tool
ƒ Radiant Thinking, Mind Mapping tool
ƒ Appendix: Technological change: from its
creation to economic growth and societal
welfare
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1
Mind Map Philosophy:
“The chisel was unleashing the
beauty and image/figure within the
marble bursting to be revealed.”
Michael Angelo
– Let your creative energy radiate from both sides of
your brain, from the kernel of your Mind Map
– Applied Radiant Thinking
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2
What is a Mind Map (1 of 2)?
ƒ A Mind Map is a powerful graphic technique
which harnesses the full range of cortical
skills in a single, powerful manner
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
word,
image,
number,
logic,
rhythm,
color
spatial awareness
Mind Map
Brings it all
together!
It gives you the freedom to roam the expanses of your brain.
The Mind Map can be applied to every aspect of life where
improved learning and clearer thinking enhances human
performance.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3
What is a Mind Map (2 of 2)?
ƒ Originated in the late 1960s by Tony Buzan
ƒ Similarly to a road map, a Mind Map:
– Provides an overview of a large subject/area.
– Enables you to plan routes/make choices and lets you
know where you are going and where you have been.
– Allows you to Gather and Represent large amounts of
data.
– Encourages problem solving by showing you new
pathways.
– Is Attractive, easy to read, muse over and remember.
Bottom Line:
– Let you see the whole picture and the details at the
same time.
– It is a tool, not a solution!
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4
Creative Thinking and MindMaps
A Mind Map Enables One:
ƒ To clear the mind of paradigms, thus providing
space for new creative thought
ƒ To capture and develop “flashes” of insight when
they occur
ƒ To explore all the creative possibilities of a given
subject
ƒ To encourage more consistent creative thinking
ƒ To create new conceptual frameworks within
which previous ideas can be reorganized
ƒ To plan creatively
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5
Why Mind Map?
ƒ Disadvantages of traditional linear notes:
ƒ Energy and time wasted writing down
superfluous words.
ƒ Other information may be missed while
noting down one idea.
ƒ Take longer to read and review.
ƒ Associations and connections between key
words and ideas not readily apparent.
– Attention wanders easily.
– Lack of color and other visual qualities handicap
memory.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
6
Mind Map - Basics
ƒ Mind maps work the way the brain works
– Not in nice neat lines.
ƒ Memory is naturally associative, not linear.
– Any idea probably has thousands of links in your mind.
Mind maps allow associations and links to be recorded
and reinforced.
ƒ The mind remembers key words and images,
not sentences
– Try recalling just one sentence from memory! Mind
maps use just key words and key images, allowing more
information to be put on a page.
ƒ Mind maps are more visual and depict
associations between key words, they are
much easier to recall than linear notes.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7
How To Do it……
ƒ Starting from the center of the page (rather than
top-left corner) your thoughts radiate “out” from a
central theme in all directions.
ƒ “Main Points” flow out from central theme
– Restrict words to few, key phrases
– Each new idea should have a unique color or symbol
ƒ Subordinate ideas “branch out” from main
branches
– Change of fonts to key brain
– Same color as main branch
ƒ Use images wherever practical
– Mental triggers
ƒ Link and associate ideas
– Draw arrow, comments, etc to show linkages
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8
How To Do it……
Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
Diagram of the mind mapping process.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
9
The Mind Map Creative Thinking Mechanism
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Associate new and unique ideas with pre-existing ones
Use different colors in creative thinking
Use different shapes in creative thinking
Combine unusual elements
Magnify and use dimension
Adjust conceptual position
Rearrange and link pre-existing concepts
Respond to an aesthetically pleasing object
Respond to and emotionally pleasing object
Respond to an object which appeals to the senses of
sight, touch, hearing, smell and taste
ƒ Uses interchangeable shapes and codes1
The Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
10
Examples of Mind Mapping
Counter Littoral Threat Weapon
Functional Decomposition
Destroying Threat
Propulsing Guiding
Deactivating
Threat
System Energizing Detonating
Controlling
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
12
Counter Littoral Threat Weapon
Functional Decomposition
Destroying Threat
Propulsing
Guiding
Propulsion Generator of
System
Thrust
Guidance
System
Deactivate
Threat
System
Controlling
Energizing Explosive
Fuel
Detonating
Hardware Software
Active target Depth Weapon steering Control
feedback system sensor
system
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
13
Need
Defined
System Architecting of a
Counter Littoral Threat
Weapon
Problem
Defined
Intent
Specification
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
14
Schematic of torpedo, highlighting different subsystems,
removed due to copyright restrictions.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
15
From System Architecting to Torpedo Product
Schematic of torpedo, highlighting different
subsystems, removed due to copyright
restrictions.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
16
Progression of Principles Development
as Applied Radiant Thinking
1. Collect data
2. Make observation(s) from the data based
on analysis
3. Empirically verify observations
4. Describe observation(s)
5. Develop Descriptive principle
6. Develop Prescriptive principle
7. Develop Normative principle
8. If universally true, then make a Law
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
17
Synthesized Principles from
Snippets of Observations
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
18
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
19
Literature Search Map
Stiny, Emdanat, Vakalo; Generative systems in design
Thomas H. Speller
September 20, 2004
Shea
Shape grammar
Languages and semantics
of grammatical discrete
structures, 1999
Performance-based structural synthesis
Adjustable Tensegrity Structures
A Study of Two Stochastic Search Methods
for structural control
Bentley
eifform
Cagan
Transformations in Design, 1994
Terry Knight
Programmable Self constructing
global shape using biologically-inspired local interactions and origami mathematics, Nagpal
Whitney
textbook
Modeling and controlling variation
propagation in mechanical assemblies
using state transition models
Whitney
Mantripragada
Decomposition assembly
synthesis for in-process
dimensional adjustability, 2002
Structural Efficiency
Assembly Theory
Hajela & Kim, Energy min for CA
based analysis in elasticity, 2001
Saitou
Lee
Genetic algorithms in search,
optimization, and machine learning, 1989.
David Goldberg
Complexity and robustness,
Carlson & Doyle, 2002
Optimal Truss-Structure Design
using Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms,
Deb, Gulati, Chakrabarti, 1999
Universal spaces: a basis for studies
in adaptation Automata Theory 1966.
John Holland
Design Automation
Highly Optimized Tolerance,
Carlson & Doyle, 1999
Trusses
GA
Optimization
Uses GA for creating the CA rule,
Cantilever & plate experiments, 1999
Studies of the spontaneous emergence
of self-replicating systems using
cellular automata and formal grammars
Automata, Languages, Development, 1976.
Deb, Gulani; Optimal Truss-structure design
using real-coded genetic algorithms
Creative evolutionary systems
Exploring component-based representations
Bentley
Bridge
Funes-Pollack
Three ways to grow designs: ...
Hornby, Generative representations for
evolutionary design
The Mathematical Theory
of Communication, 1963
Claude Shannon
Ullman, The Mechanical
Design Process, 2003
Pahl & Beitz, Engineering design
Lee Altenberg
Modularity in Technology and Organizations, 2000
Langois
Networks, Dynamics, and Modularity, 2004
Lipson
Artificial Life
Robotics
Attended ALife IX Conference, 9-12 to 15-04
Richard Feynman and
Marvin Minsky
cellular vacuum, pp. 122-129.
Numerical Control
Numerical Control
for Machine Tools, Barron, 1971
Information Theory
Literature
Tree
John von Neumann
Theory of self-reproducing automata, 1948
Stanislaw Ulam
Alan Turing, On computable numbers,
with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, 1936
A Collection of Mathematical Problems, 1950
Statistical mechanics of Cellular Automata,
Rev. Mod. Phy. 55,1983, pp. 601-644.
Cellular automata and complexity:
collected papers
Alan Turing
Self-generative
The chemical basis of Morphogenesis, 1952
John Conway
The game of life
New Constructions
in Cellular Automata, Santa Fe Institute, 2003
Hajela, Energy min for CA
based analysis in elasticity
Kita and Toyota, Structural Design
using CA
CA
Morphogenic Evolutionary Design:
Cellular Automata Representations in
Topological Structural Design
Kicinger,
Arciszewski, K. De Jong
Engineering
Applications
Charles Darwin
Ernst Mayr
Stephan Wolfram
Hajela and Kim, GA based learning in CA
for structural design
Kita and Toyota, Structural Optimization using Local Rules
Structural Design using CA for eigenvalue problems
Murawski, Arciszewski and K. De Jong, Evolutionary
computation in Structural design
Evolution Theory
Jakiela, Continuum structural topology design with genetic algorithms
Evolutionary Computation in Structural Design
Physics
Applications
Mathematica
@ Speller 2004
An interdisciplinary subject
lying in the intermediate area
between logic, communication
theory and physiology," P. 204,
Papers of JvN on computing and
computer theory, 1986
The New Kind of Science, 2002
Artificial Intelligence
Cellular Automaton
Definitions and etymology
Evolution and the
Diversity of Life, 1976
The Evolutionary Synthesis, 1980
What Evolution Is, 2001
Hornby dissertation, Generative representations
for evolutionary design automation
The father of self-reproducing
cellular automata
Engineering Design
Modularity in Evolution, 2004
Origin of Species, 1859
Hornby, Lipson, Pollack; Generative Representations
for the automated design of modular physical robots
Compact unstructured representations for evolu
tionary design, Hamda (Topological optimum design)
Acceleration of CA algorithms
using genetic algorithms, Karafyllidis
Biological
Applications
Rothman & Zaleski
Toffoli & Margolus
Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata, 1997
Cellular Automata Machines, 1988
Andrew Adamatzky, Computing
in nonlinear media and automata collectives,2001
Andrew Ilachinski
Cellular Automata,
a discrete universe, 2001
von Bertalanffy
Zuse, 1969
CA for design of two-dimensional continuum structures, Tatting, Gurdal
D'Arcy Thompson
Richard Feynman
Norbert Wiener
Structural design using CA,
Slotta, Tatting, Gurdal
On Growth and Form, 1917
Feynman and Computation, 1999
Kirkoff Laws
Chirlian, Basic Network Theory
Control theory
Cybernetics
The Mathematical Formulation of the Problem of Conduction of
Impulses in a Network of Connected Excitable Elements, Specifically in Cardiac Muscle, 1946
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts
InstituteModularity
of Technology
& specialization
Robustness
Highly optimized tolerance
Lipson, Pollack, Suh; Origin of modular variation
20
Application #1 – Reading Notes
ƒ Recording Short Statements while reading
an article or book is relatively Quick, and
provides a platform for memory retention, as
well as future output.
ƒ Example:
– Product Design and Development – Customer
Needs Identification
ƒ Use Mindmap to summarize key points of chapter.
ƒ Use Mindmap to display key points in Document
Outline Form (conversion to Word)
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
21
Examples/ Points
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Application #1 – Book Notes
Product Design and Development, Chapter 4
Chapter Sections
22
The Mind Map is very Concise:
If we convert the map to MSWord,
PowerPoint or MS Project Format,
we automatically get a “pretty good”
outline of our thought process …..
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
23
Slides and Notes are Automatic
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
24
Example 2 – Summarize Concepts
Image removed due to copyright restrictions.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
25
Taking “Live” Notes
ƒ Mind Map is both quicker, and more efficient
than hand notes for most lectures
ƒ Mind Map is NOT necessarily good for
Technical Lectures??????
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
26
Mind Map References
ƒ Software
–
–
–
–
–
–
http://www.mindmapper.com
http://www.conceptdraw.com
http://www.mindmanager.com
http://www.mindjet.com/us/
http://www.torcomp.com/mindmapper/
http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Pag
e Freeware
– Books
The Mind Map Book, T. Buzan, Penguin, 1996.
© Thomas H. Speller, Jr. 2007, Engineering Systems Division (ESD), Massachusetts Institute of Technology
27