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CMS
Lannion
Brittany
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PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION
Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr
WMO / ITWG/ EUMETNET/ METEO-FRANCE
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ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY IN FREQUENCY RANGE 1-275 GHz
1.E+03
Water vapour tropical
Oxygen
1.E+02
1.E+01
Water vapour sub-arctic
Vertical opacity (dB)
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-04
Minor constituents
1.E-05
1.E-06
1.E-07
1
26
51
76
101
126
151
Frequency (GHz)
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176
201
226
251
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Sensitivity of brightness temperature
to geophysical parameters over ocean surface
SALI
NI
TY
W
NDSPEED
I
LI
Q
UI
DCLO
UDS
+
W
ATERVAPO
UR
Tb
Pi
Fr equency(
G
Hz)
0
10
20
30
40
SEASURFACE
TEM
PERATURE
_
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Sensitivity of brightness temperature
to geophysical parameters over land surfaces

Tb
Pi
Sur
f
acer
oughnes
Veget
at
ionbiom
ass
Cloudliquidwat
er
Soilm
oist
ur
e
nt
I
egr
at
edwat
er
vapour
5
CORF
10
15
20
25
Fr
equency(
G
Hz)
08/04/2004
30
35
40
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CORF
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SECONDARY
LOBE SHAPE
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Global composite
of brightness
temperature (K)
from
AMSU-A
Channel 3
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O2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz
(multiple absorption lines)
PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O
2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz
(U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993)
Total oxygen absorption along a vertical path (dB)
RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz)
51.5034
52.0214
52.5424
53.0669
53.5957
54.1300
54.6712
55.2214
55.7838
56.2648
56.3634
56.9682
57.6125
58.3239
58.4466
59.1642
59.5910
60.3061
60.4348
61.1506
61.8002
62.4112
62.4863
62.9980
63.5685
64.1278
64.6789
65.2241
65.7648
66.3021
66.8368
67.3696
67.9009
Shared
200
Excl.
100
55.78 GHz
Excl.
59.3 GHz
55.22 GHz
52.6 GHz
50.2-50.4 GHz
0
50
55
60
Frequency (GHz)
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65
70
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Weigthing
functions at
50 to 60 GhZ
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Global
composite
of brigthness
temperature (K)
measurements
from
AMSU-A
Channel 9
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SRD-MG n°4
Special meeting on Short-Range Radars
ERO - Copenhagen, 1-2 April 2004
Source: CRAF – ESA - EUMETNET –
EUMETSAT
Subject: General concerns and
position on implementation of UWB
SRR in the 23.6 - 24 GHz band and
modification proposals to the current
draft report and ECC decision
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Proposal
The CEPT Report on the way to "harmonise radio
spectrum to facilitate a coordinated EU introduction
of Automotive Short Range Radar systems" should
favour an approach based on an immediate use of the
79 GHz and clearly indicate all concerns raised,
among others, by the scientific and meteorological
communities on the possible temporary
implementation of SRR in the 24 GHz frequency
band, hence proposing not to retain the "two phases
approach" as a realistic and feasible solution.
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200
Water vapour
absorption spectrum
along a vertical path
around 183 GHz
Total absorption along a vertical path (dB)
180
160
140
120
Mid-latitude
100
Tropical
Sub-arctic
80
60
40
20
Frequency (GHz)
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191,81
190,81
189,81
188,81
187,81
186,81
185,81
184,81
183,81
182,81
181,81
180,81
179,81
178,81
177,81
176,81
175,81
174,81
0
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The SAPHIR channels
over the water vapor line
Central Frequencies (GHz)
183,31 ± 0,20
183,31 ± 1,10
183,31 ± 2,70
183,31 ± 4,20
OL
183,31 ± 6,60
183,31 ± 11,00
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3
4
5
6
GHz
11 2
195
2
190
3
185
4
183,31
175
5
180
6
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Weigthing
functions at
183 GhZ
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Global
composite
of brightness
temperature (K)
from
AMSU-B
Channel 3
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ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION IN FREQUENCY RANGE 275-1000 GHz
1.E+06
Water vapour tropical
1.E+05
Water vapour sub-arctic
1.E+04
Vertical opacity (dB)
1.E+03
1.E+02
Oxygen
1.E+01
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
Minor constituents
1.E-03
275
325
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
Frequency (GHz)
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725
775
825
875
925
975
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Required system
temperatures for
GOMAS
CORF
n
n
DeltaT
IFOV
SIZE
10-km
pixels

57
GHz
0.4
GHz
0.2 K
78
km
60
km
6x6
144 ms
1500 K
119
GHz
0.4
GHz
0.4 K
37
km
30
km
3x3
72 ms
2200 K
183
GHz
0.3
GHz
0.6 K
24
km
30
km
3x3
72 ms
2800 K
380
GHz
0.7
GHz
0.5 K
12
km
30
km
3x3
72 ms
3500 K
425
GHz
0.4
GHz
0.5 K
10
km
30
km
3x3
72 ms
2700 K
380
GHz
2
GHz
1.5 K
12
km
10
km
1
6 ms
5200 K
425
GHz
1
GHz
1.5 K
10
km
10
km
1
6 ms
3700 K
08/04/2004
Ts
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION
UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3
Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing
(Question ITU-R 140/7
(1978-1990-1994-
1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;
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Spectrum
requirements
for passive sensing
of environmental data
Up to
1000 GhZ
CORF
ITU draft REC. SA 515
Frequency
Band(s)(1)
(GHz)
Total
BW
required
(MHz)
Spectral
Line(s) or
Centre
frequency
(GHz)
Measurement
Scan
mode
N, L(4)
1.37-1.4s,
1.4-1.427P
100
1.4
Soil moisture, ocean
salinity, sea surface
temperature, vegetation
index
N
2.64-2.655s,
2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45
2.7
Ocean salinity, soil
moisture, vegetation index
N
4.2-4.4s,
4.950-4.990s
200
4.3
Sea surface temperature
N
6.425-7.25
200
6.85
Sea surface temperature
N
10.6-10.68p,
10.68-10.7P
100
10.65
Rain rate, snow water
content, ice morphology,
sea state, ocean wind
speed
N
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028-1
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE
REMOTE SENSING
(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases
(e.g., O2 (oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave
remote sensing;
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Spectrum
requirements
for passive
sensing
of environmental
data
Up to
1000 GhZ
CORF
ITU draft REC. SA 1028
Frequency Band(s) (1)
(GHz)
Total BW
Required
(MHz)
Required
Te
(K)
Data
avaibility
(%)(7)
Scan
Mode (N,L)(4)
1.37-1.4s,
1.4-1.427P
100
0.05
99.9
N
2.64-2.655s,
2.655-2.69s,
2.69-2.7P
45
0.1
99.9
N
4.2-4.4s,
4.950-4.990
200
0.3/0.05(6)
99.9
N
6.425-7.25
200
0.3/0.05(6)
99.9
N
10.6-10.68p,
10.68-10.7P
100
1.0/0.1(6)
99.9
N
15.2-15.35s,
15.35-15.4P
200
0.1
99.9
N
18.6-18.8p
200
1.0/0.1(6)
95/99.9(6)
N
21.2-21.4p
200
0.2/0.05(6)
99/99.9(6)
N
22.21-22.5p
300
0.4/0.05(6)
99/99.9(6)
N
23.6-24.0P
400
0.05
99.99
N
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION
UNION
RADIOCOMMUNICATION
STUDY GROUPS
February 2002
English only
DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029-1
PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE
REMOTE SENSING
(Question ITU-R 140/7)
(1994-1997-2002)
The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,
considering
a)
that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2
(oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote
sensing;
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DATA AVAILABILITY
Data availability is the percentage of area or time for which
accurate data is available for a specified sensor measurement
area or sensor measurement time. For a 99.99% data availability,
the measurement area is a square on the Earth of 2,000,000 km2,
unless otherwise justified; for a 99.9% data availability, the
measurement area is a square on the Earth of 10,000,000 km2
unless otherwise justified; for a 99% data availability the
measurement time is 24 hours, unless otherwise justified
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WEB(s) sites fore more infos.
http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/
http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/
http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm
http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html
http://sfcgonline.org/
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Measurements
in the 10.6 to
10.7 GHz band
with the
Effelsberg
100m radio
telescope
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1990
2000
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CORF
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Some key problems to solve …
To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz
(central frequencies and bandwidths)
To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between
WMO and ITU proposals
To conclude on % of data availability
To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in
microwaves below 50 GHz.
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BACKGROUND:
1) Support ITU-Recs 515 , 1028 & 1029
2) Follow ITU rules (7C….WRC)
3) Cooperate as an international scientific
working group for EESS (passive) needs
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NEXT STEPS :
CEPT/FM 49
WSEAS 2004
SPIE 48
SFCG 24
ITU-R 7C
IGARSS’04
SPIE ASIA/PACIFIC n°4
……
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Petition for Protection of 23.6 – 24 GHz & other microwave bands
for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/
http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/fichiers/petition.doc
Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr
Common scientific position about the protection of microwave bands
for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing
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Annex
The remote sensing scientists and engineers listed below
have endorsed the position set forth in this paper. Legal
guidance in the U.S.A has advised that U.S.A
government individuals are acting in their personal
capacities and they are not endorsing the paper on behalf
of any government agency or other organization with
which they are affiliated. However, [most] of the other
people below are also endorsing the position set forth in
this paper on behalf of their agency or organization.
Myoung-Hwan AHN
Vassily ASMUS
Sylvia BARLAG
Peter BAUER
(RSRL/METRI, Korea)
(Planeta, Russia)
(Satellite, KNMI, Netherland)
(Satellite Section, ECMWF)
etc...120 names today
and 5 or 6 publications
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CORF
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