PALATABILITY OF MONGOLIAN
RANGELAND PLANTS
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center
Circular of Information No. 3
December 2005
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center/Union Station
Oregon State University, 372 South 10th Street, P.O. Box E, Union, Oregon 97883
T 541-562-5129 | F 541-562-5348 | http://oregonstate.edu/dept/eoarcunion/
Palatability of Mongolian Rangeland Plants
Summary
This document provides information on the palatability of plants on Mongolian rangelands
including native and introduced vascular plants by major seasonal periods: winter (January March), spring (April- June), summer (July - September), and autumn (October - December). In
addition to this, some species of valuable lichen species are also included. Information is
presented on 1044 plant species (131 grasses, 50 grass-like plants (sedges and rushes), 664 forbs,
161 shrubs/semishrubs, 17 woody/tree species and 8 lichen species found in Mongolia. About
13,700 evaluations were included in this document. Camel, cattle/yaks, elk (Cervus elaphus
sibiricus), deer (Moschus moschiferus), goat, horse, sheep, and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
were the assigned herbivores to evaluate palatability for each species. However, due to a lack of
information, evaluation for every species may not be found. In addition, 131 forage species that
could be found on Mongolian rangelands were included besides to these 1044 species, although
palatability information on them was not available or was very limited. For each plant species,
both the scientific and the Mongolian official names are provided for user’s convenience. This
information is intended to contribute to an accumulating data bank for sustainable management
of rangeland resources in Mongolia. In addition, it should prove useful to other countries and
geographic regions with similar natural conditions, especially in Central Asian regions.
Key words: Plant palatability, Mongolian rangelands, camel, cattle, horse, sheep, elk, and deer.
i
Acknowledgements
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center provided the financing for this document. We
thank J. L. Dick for formatting and editing this circular of information and T. DelCurto and D.
Sheehy for their helpful reviews.
Abbreviations:
Month of the year: I-III = January- March, IV-VI = April- June, VII- IX = July- September,
and X- XII = October- December.
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable,
T = toxic, and N/A = information not available.
Front Cover:
Photo was taken by Choijilsuren Damiran in steppe zone (47ºN 111ºE) of Mongolia in midOctober. The Mongolian steppe is dominated by shrubs and sub-shrubs such as Caragana and
Artemisia and perennial grasses (Stipa capillata L., Cleistogenes squarrosa L., Agropyron
cristatum L., and Leymus chinensis L.). Fertile carbonated and non-carbonated black and sandy
soil prevails in this zone. Average annual precipitation in this zone is 125-250 mm. Rangelands
in the steppe zone are used for grazing by horse, sheep, goat, camel, and cattle.
Suggested citation for this publication:
Damiran, D. 2005. Palatability of Mongolian Rangeland Plants. Circular of Information No. 3.
Union, OR, USA: Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University. 91 p.
ii
iii
PALATABILITY OF MONGOLIAN RANGELAND PLANTS
Daalkhaijav Damiran
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center. Union. Oregon. 97883, USA.
Geographic and Topographic Setting of Mongolia
Geography and Topography
Mongolia is situated in Central Asia; its territory comprises 1.566 thousand square
kilometers (United Nations, 1997). The territory stretches 1 259 kilometers from north to south
and 2 392 kilometers from east to west (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990). The country is located
between 87º41′ and 119º56′ of the eastern longitude, and 41º35′ and 52º09′ of the northern
latitude (Jigjidsuren and Johnson, 2003). The greatest part of the territory is at 1 500-m or more
above sea level. Mongolia is surrounded by the Eastern and Western Alpine Ranges; Great
Sayan, Buteel, and Hentii Mountains in the north; Great Hyangan highlands in the east;
Mongolian Altai and Gobi-Altai Ranges in the southeast and south; Han-hohii and Hangai
Mountains in the west; and the Gobi Desert to the south seal the country (Gunin et al. 1999).
Water Resources
Mongolia is situated in the watershed between the basins of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans
and the closed depressions of Central Asia (Gunin et al. 1999). Lakes, streams, and rivers are
concentrated in the northern portion of the country. Major rivers originating from the Altai,
Hangii, and Hovsgul Mountains drain into the Pacific Ocean Basin, while small rivers and
streams flow into small lakes. Of the 3 811 streams and rivers in total 67 000 kilometers in
length (Dorjtseden, 1998) in Mongolia, the Selenge River is the largest with a total length of 600
ranging in depth from 70 to 200-m in width and averaging 6-7-m in depth (Zhambaazhamts and
Bat, 1985).
There are more than 3 000 lakes and ponds in Mongolia. Of them, 80% are saline. The
largest is Hovsgul Lake, which is 134-km long and 35-km wide. Almost 65% of the territory of
Mongolia has no open water sources. Forty-five to fifty percent of its rangeland is nearly unused
because of the lack of water (Jigjidsuren and Johnson, 2003).
Over the past several decades, water use for irrigation, mining, and other human activities
in watersheds, such as deforestation in addition to climate change, have resulted in substantial
reductions in river flows and flow regimes, water level reductions or complete drying of many
lakes, and lowering of ground water tables (Batjargal, 1997; Maygmarjav and Davaa, 1999).
Climate
The central continental position of Mongolia, far from oceanic influences and location of
major mountain systems defines its climate. Mountain barriers at the West and North-West
intercept atmospheric flows carrying moisture from the Atlantic side. The Pacific monsoon
fades rapidly and can only be traced to 110-120º E (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990; Batjargal,
1996; Gunin et al. 1999). In addition, the country is open to the dry Central Asian desert winds
from the South. As a result, the country as whole is characterized by extremely cold and dry
winter, cold and windy spring season, and the occurrence of most precipitation between midJune and end of August (Beresneva, 1992; Batjargal, 1996). Mean annual precipitation
decreases from north to south (Batjargal, 1996). During the last 60 years, the annual mean air
temperature has increased by 1.6ºC. Batima and Dagvadorj (2000) predicted that summer,
winter, and annual mean temperatures would increase by 1.0ºC -3.0ºC, 1.4ºC -3.6ºC, and 1.8ºC 2.8ºC by 2040; and 2.0ºC-5.0ºC, 2.2ºC-5.5ºC, and 2.8-4.6ºC by the 2070 periods, respectively.
Major Ecological Regions of Mongolia
The territory of Mongolia as a whole is characterized by great diversity. It can be
separated into several agro-ecological regions and sub-regions with significantly different
environmental (climatic and geophysical) conditions and vegetative cover (Tsegmid and
Vorobiev, 1990; Jigjidsuren and Johnson, 2003). Each associated with different agricultural and
livestock production potential. Climatic and geophysical factors include amount and timing of
the precipitation, temperature extremes, elevation, frost free days, and type of soils.
Hangai-Hovsgul Region
The Hangai-Hovsgul Region lies at the northwest of Mongolia. As a mountainous region
of high elevation and deep valleys with some forest and arid steppe (Gunin et al., 1999). The
elevation of the region lies between 2 000 and 3 000-m (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990). Mean
annual temperature is between -2.5ºC and 7.5ºC with the low temperature in January of -24ºC
and warmest temperature in July at 19ºC. There are between 60 and 100 frost free days, and
annual precipitation averages between 200 and >400-mm (Batjargal, 1996). Wind speed
averages between 2 to 4-m/sec and snow cover is often >15-mm in depth (Tsegmid and
Vorobiev, 1990).
Selenge-Onon Region
Climatic and physical factors influencing biological systems in the Selenge-Onon Region
include elevations between 1 500 and 2 000-m high (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990). The Plain
areas between them, complicated by valley-like depressions have mean annual temperatures
between 0.0ºC and 2.5ºC with the coldest temperatures in January at -20ºC and warmest
temperatures in July at 19ºC. They experience between 70 and 120 frost free days, and annual
precipitation between 250 and 400-mm (Batjargal, 1996). Snow cover averages 5 to 10-mm in
depth and wind speed averages between 4 to 6-m/sec (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990).
Mongolian Altai Region
The Altai Region is located in western Mongolia with two distinct districts defined in this
region. The first includes Mongolian Altai stretching from the north-west to the south-east for
more than 1 500-km. The second district comprises the Turgen Mountains and Lake Ureg-Nur.
The Altai Region elevation ranges between 1 500 and 4 000-m (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990);
mean annual temperatures are between -2.5ºC and 5.0ºC with a low temperature of -24ºC in
2
January and a high temperature of 22ºC in July. There are between 60-120 frost free days, and
precipitation between 400 and 500-mm (Batjargal, 1996). Snow depth ranges between 5 to >15-mm,
with wind speeds between 2 and 6-m/sec (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990).
Central and Eastern Steppe Region
The Central and Eastern Steppe Region is the broad, essentially treeless region in central
and eastern Mongolia (Lavrenko, 1983). Low relief knolls, hills, and high plains prevail. This
region lies at elevations between 900 and 2 000 m (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990) and is
characterized by a combination of low knoll uplands and vast plains with long depressions. The
mean annual temperature ranges between 0.0ºC and 2.5ºC, with a low temperature in January of 20ºC and a high temperature of 22ºC in July. There are between 110 and 140 frost free days, and
precipitation between 150 and 250-mm (Batjargal, 1996). Snow depth ranges between 5 to 10mm with a wind speed of between 4 and 8-m/sec (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990).
Gobi Desert Region
The Gobi Desert Region includes the semi-arid and arid southern sections of Mongolia.
Climatic and physical factors influencing biological systems in the Gobi Desert Region include
elevations between 700 and 1 400-m (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990). A mean annual temperature
between 0.0ºC and >2.5ºC with a low January temperature of -20ºC and a high temperature of
23ºC in July. Between 90 to >130 frost free days, and precipitation of 100-mm (Batjargal, 1996).
Lack of snow used as a moisture source by grazing animals rather than snow depth is a major
factor limiting livestock production in the Gobi Desert Region. Wind speeds reach between 2
and 8-m/sec occurs (Tsegmid and Vorobiev, 1990).
Livestock and Wild Herbivores of Mongolia
Five traditional kinds of livestock (camels, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats) are kept in
Mongolia. On January 1, 2003 the total livestock number was 23.9 million head including 0.253
million camels, 1.9889 million horses, 1.8843 million cattle including 0.426 million yaks,
10.6366 million sheep, and 9.1348 million goats (NSO, 2003). In addition, Mongolian
rangelands carried some 15 000 head of wild sheep (Ovis ammon L.; Amgalanbaatar et al. 2002),
over 2 000 000 black-tailed gazelles (Procapra gutturosa Pall.), over 44 000 head musk deer
(Moschus moschiferus L.; ASM, 1975), 10 700 head of ibex (Capra sibirica sibirica L. and
Capra sibirica hagenbecki L.), about 40 000 head of elk (Cervus canadensis asiaticus L.), 17 172
head of Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus Pall.), and 1 500 head of wild Bactrian camel
(Camelus bactrianus L.) UNEP, 2001.
Vegetation and Forage Resources of Mongolia
The territory of Mongolia as a whole is characterized by great diversity and by a
particularly complex spatial structure of vegetation cover. Six vegetation zones can be defined
in Mongolia based on different altitudes, rainfall distribution, and soil type (Batjargal, 1997):
alpine tundra (3.0% of total area), mountain taiga (4.1%), mountain steppe (25.1%), steppe
3
(26.1%), desert steppe (27.2%), and desert (14.5%). Approximately 80% of the country's total
land area or 128.9 million ha is rangeland. In fact, the contemporary vegetation cover of steppes
and steppe deserts in Mongolia was formed under the influence of grazing. This type of climax
vegetation was formed during the last 4 millennia (Dinesman and Bold, 1992). Therefore,
Mongolia is one of those regions that can make a critical contribution to ecological health of our
planet due to its unique characteristics and undamaged state (Gunin et al. 1999). Biological yield
of Mongolian rangelands can be ranged 1 050-1 500-kg/ha, 1 150-1 940-kg/ha, 650-1 300- kg/ha,
and 290-380-kg/ha in high mountain, forest-steppe, steppe, and desert-steppe zones, respectively
(Tserendash, 2000). According to Jigjidsuren and Johnson (2003), the carrying capacity of
Mongolian rangelands is about 60-70 million head of sheep. Summer and autumn seasonal
rangelands are sufficient; however, winter and spring rangelands are scarce.
By early 1996, 2 823 species of vascular plants, of 662 genera and 128 families
(Gubanov, 1996) had been identified in the flora of Mongolia. In Mongolia, the growing season
is short and is very dependent on climate, particularly rainfall. New growth in the northern
mountainous area begins in mid-April, whereas else-where it may not begin until mid-May.
Some forage species reach their final growth stage in August and show signs of senescence,
although other forage species may continue vegetative growth until mid-September, and some
remain green until-October (Tserendash and Erdenebaatar, 1993; Murray et al. 1998). Thus,
Mongolian livestock may rely on senescent forage as its main feed for up to 200 days.
Palatability of Mongolian Rangeland Plants
Although total yield of rangeland vegetation is an indicator of forage resources, it does
not indicate the food value of particular ranges to different animal users. The more important
indicators of food value to different animal users are growth form, individual plant species, plant
palatability, and availability of nutrients. Especially in rangelands like Mongolian it may be
significant the number of forage species that comprises a particular pasture. Therefore
palatability of plants should be taken into account in order to estimate or monitor forage
resources of the Mongolian rangelands correctly. Forage palatability has been defined as the
hedonic response of an animal to its food depending on taste, smell, flavor, texture, and as the
relish which an animal shows when consuming any given feedstuff or ration (Church, 1988).
Range vegetation needs to be adjusted to reflect palatability of plants to potential animal users.
Plants of highest palatability to an animal were assumed most consumable by an animal while
plants with lowest palatability to an animal were assumed least consumable by an animal.
Palatability value does not reflect nutrient quality, but does suggest about consumable quantity.
In this report, palatability for most of the species of Mongolian Rangeland plants and its
seasonal variations were developed for eight potential animal users (i.e., camel, cattle/yaks, elk,
deer, goat, horse, sheep, and reindeer). Rate was determined as preferred (P), desirable (D),
consumed but undesirable (U), not consumable (N), or toxic (T). A preferred plant – one
avidly sought by particular species of animal and made up a major part of the diet or that was
consumed far in excess of its vegetative composition. Desirable plant - one sought and readily
eaten but to a lesser portion than preferred plants. Consumed but undesirable plant – one eaten
by animals but which usually made up a minor part of the diet or consumed in a much smaller
proportion than occurred on the rangeland. Not consumable plant – one not eaten by animal
intentionally. Toxic- plants that contain toxic substances.
4
Published materials (Yunatov, 1954; Tserendulam, 1980a, b; Jigjidsuren, 1984;
Ulziikhutag, 1985; Sambuu, 1987; Cheeke, 1998; Jigjidsuren and Johnson, 2003) of related
studies were the main references to compile this document, although we added personal studies
(Daalkhaijav, 1995 and 2000; Daalkhaijav et al. 2003; Damiran et al. 2000 and 2003; Findholt et
al. 2004), observations, and experience gathered during the studying of domestic and wild
herbivores’ foraging behavior for a number of years. Nomenclature of plant species follows
Ulziikhutag (1984) and Romanization of Mongolian Cyrillic alphabetical characters follows
National Standardization Center (2002) of Mongolia.
We hope this document will be a useful addition to the data bank of Mongolian
rangelands for sustainable management of rangeland resources of Mongolia. In addition, it will
prove referable for other countries and geographic areas, especially in Central Asia, with similar
natural conditions.
5
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses
Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng.
Mongolian Name
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Xoron ders
Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski.
G'algar ders
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
Saman yo'rxog
Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.
Tso'lyn yo'rxog
Agropyron fragile Roth.
Xevreg yo'rxog
Agropyron michnoi Roshev.
Mixnogyn yo'rxog
Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv.
Samlag yo'rxog
Agrostis clavata Trin.
Baluun ulaantolgoi
Agrostis gigantea Roth.
Avarga ulaantolgoi
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
T
T
T
T
P
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
T
T
T
T
P
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
T
T
T
T
P
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
T
T
T
T
P
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
6
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Agrostis mongolica Roshev.
Mongolian Name
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Atsalsan (mongol) laantolgoi
Agrostis trinii Turcz.
Triny ulaantolgoi
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.
Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.
Tegsh u'negensuul
Nishingdu'u u'negensuul
Alopecurus brachystachyus Bieb.
Axartu'ruut u'negensuul
Alopecurus pratensis L.
Nugyn u'negensuul
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Egel anxilgana
Aristida heymannii (Regel.)
Geimany bo'ody
Avena fatua L.
Xong'oo xoshuudaa
Avena sativa L.
Tarimal xoshuudaa
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
7
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Avena sativa L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.
Dornodyn bekman
Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.)
Pampelyn sogool
Bromus inermis Leyss.
Sorgui sogool
Bromus japonicus Thunb.
Yapon sogoovor
Bromus korotkyi Drob.
Korotkyn sogool
Bromus squarrosus L.
Derveen sogoovor
Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth.
Gazryn (yavgan) sorvoo
Calamagrostis langsdorfii (Link) Trin.
Landsdorpyn sorvoo
Calamagrostis macilenta (Griseb.) Litv.
Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.)
Tuyaxan sorvoo
Orx'oos sorvoo
Calamagrostis obtusata Trin.
Mo'lgorxairst sorvoo
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Horse
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
D
D
N
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
N
D
D
N
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
8
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Calamagrostis obtusata Trin. (cont.)
1
Mongolian Name
Calamagrostis pseudophragmites
(Haller f.) Koel.
Xuuramch-nushengen sorvoo
Chloris virgata Swart.
Savaan bulgansu'ul
Cleistogenes kitagawae Honda
Kitagawyn xazaargana
Cleistogenes soongarica Ohwi.
Zu'ungaryn xazaargana
Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng.
Derveen xazaargana
Crypsis aculeata (L.) Aiton.
Xatguurt nuudgai
Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam.
Zegsleg nuudgai
Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.
Degnu'ult zalaatas
Deschampsia koelerioides Regel.
Durvaaxai zalaatas
Elymus confusus (Roshev.) Tzvel.
Xolimog sulix'aag
Elymus dahuricus Turcz.
Daguur sulix'aag
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
U
N
U
N
N
U
U
N
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
P
D
P
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
N
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
P
P
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
P
D
P
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
9
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Elymus gmelinii (Ledeb.)
Mongolian Name
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Gmeliny sulix'aag
Elymus nutans Griseb.
Bo'xgor sulix'aag
Elymus sibiricus L.
Sibir sulix'aag
Elymus vernicosus Tzvel.
G'algar sulix'aag
Elytrigia geniculatum (Trin.)
O'vdogt x'aag
Elytrigia gmelinii (Trin.)
Gmeliny x'aag
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski.
Mo'lxoo x'aag
Enneapogon borealis (Griseb.)
Umardyn yoso'oxoi
Eragrostis minor Host.
Baga xurgalzh
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.
U'sleg xurgalzh
Festuca altaica Trin.
Altan botuul
Festuca lenensis Drob.
Lenyn botuul
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
P
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
P
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
10
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Festuca lenensis Drob. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Festuca ovina L.
Xonin botuul
Festuca pseudosulcata Drob.
Xuuramchxovilt botuul
Festuca rubra L.
Ulaan botuul
Festuca sibirica Hack. ex Boiss.
Sibir botuul
Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin.
Vallisyn botuul
Glyceria lithuanica (Gorski) Gorski.
Litovyn b'eeleg
Helictotrichon mongolicum (Roshev.)
Mongol butnuur
Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.)
Ungarilt butnuur
Helictotrichon schellianum (Hack.) Kitag.
Shellyn butnuur
Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) Roem.
Tagyn sornoi
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
D
D
D
U
D
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
D
U
D
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
P
U
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
P
P
D
U
D
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
P
P
D
U
D
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
11
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) Roem. (cont.)
Hierochloe glabra Trin.
Mongolian Name
Nu'tsgen sornoi
Hordeum aegiceras Nees ex Royle
Tarimal arvai
Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky.
Bogdany arvai
Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.)
Axarsort arvai
Hordeum racemosus (L.)
Mo'chirlog tu'nge
Hordeum roshevitzii Bowden.
Roshevitsyn arvai
Koeleria altaica (Domin.)
Altain durvaa
Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.
Saman durvaa (daagan su'ul)
Koeleria mukdenensis Domin.
Mu'gdeny durvaa
Leymus angustus (Trin.)
Naryn tu'nge
Leymus chinensis (Trin.)
Nang'aad tu'nge
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
P
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
12
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Leymus chinensis (Trin.) (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Leymus paboanus (Claus)
Pabony tu'nge
Leymus secalinus (Georgi.)
Xo'xtar'aarxuu tu'nge
Melica turczaninowiana Ohwi.
Turchaninovyn shogshorgo
Melica virgata Turcz. ex Trin.
Savaan shogshorgo
Panicum miliaceum L.
Xar budaa
Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Raeusch.
Nishingdu'u atstu'ruuntser
Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst.
Talyn durvaalig
Phragmites communis Trin.
Egel nishinge
Poa altaica Trin.
Altain b'eeleg
Poa angustifolia L.
Narynnavchit b'eeleg
Poa argunensis Roshev.
O'rgonduu b'eeleg
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
P
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
13
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Poa attenuata Trin.
Mongolian Name
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sunagar b'eeleg
Poa nemoralis L.
Tuzhyn b'eeleg
Poa ochotensis Trin.
Oxootyn beeleg
Poa palustris L.
Namgyn b'eeleg
Poa pratensis L.
Nugyn b'eeleg
Poa sibirica Roshev.
Sibir b'eeleg
Poa stepposa (Kryl.) Roshev.
Xeeryn b'eeleg
Poa subfastigiata Trin.
Poa tibetica Munro ex Stapf.
Derger b'eeleg
To'vd b'eeleg
Polypogon maritimus Willd.
Martsny sambai
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.
Monospeliny sambai
Psammochloa villosa (Trin.)
U'sxii suli
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
14
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Psammochloa villosa (Trin.)(cont.)
Mongolian Name
Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.)
Golo'vsduu emzegtu'ruu
Ptilagrostis mongolica (Turcz.)
Mongol shivelz
Ptilagrostis pellioti Griseb.
Pelletyn shivelz
Puccinellia filifolia (Trin.) Tzvel.
Utsannavchit u'etovs
Puccinellia hauptiana V. Krecz.
Gauptyn u'etovs
Puccinellia macranthera Krecz.
Tomtoosovchit u'etovs
Puccinellia schischkinii Tzvel.
Shishkiny u'etovs
Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.)
Turixantsetsegt u'etovs
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.
Nogoon xonogbudaa
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
P
D
D
P
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
15
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.(cont.)
Mongolian Name
Spodiopogon sibiricus Trin.
Stipa baicalensis Roshev.
Sibiryn sorno
Baigali x'algana
Stipa breviflora Griseb.
Axartsetsegt x'algana
Stipa capillata L.
U'sleg (shiveet) x'algana
Stipa caucasica Schmalh.
Kavkaz x'algana
Stipa consanguinea Trin. et Rupr.
To'rol x'algana
Stipa glareosa P. Smirn.
Sairyn x'algana
Stipa gobica (Roshev.)
Govyn x'algana
Stipa grandis P. Smirn.
Tom x'algana
Stipa kirghisorum P.Smirn.
Kirgiz x'algana
Stipa klemenzii Roshev.
Klementsyn x'algana
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
16
1
1
Scientific Name
Grasses (cont.)
Stipa klemenzii Roshev. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Stipa mongolorum Tzvel.
Mongolzhin x'algana
Stipa orientalis Trin.
Dornodyn x'algana
Stipa pennata L.
O'dlog x'algana
Stipa rubens P. Smirn.
Ulbar x'algana
Stipa sareptana L.
Sareptyn x'algana
Stipa sibirica Lam.
Sibir x'algana
Tragus mongolorum Ohwi.
Mongolzhin yamaalzh
Tripogon chinensis Hack.
Nang'aad gurvaldai
Tripogon purpurascens Duth.
Xu'ren-ulaan gurvaldai
Trisetum altaicum Roshev.
Altain gurvansort
Trisetum sibiricum Rupr.
Sibir gurvansort
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
P
P
P
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
P
P
P
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
17
1
1
Scientific Name
Grass-like plants
Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. (cont.)
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt.
Mongolian Name
Tu'ruuleg gurvansort
Triticum aestivum L.
Zusax buudai
Triticum durum Desf.
Xatuu buudai
Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link.
Uxaa al'uus
Blysmus sinocompressus Tang & Wang
Nangiad aluus
Bolboschoenus planiculmis (Fr. Schm.)
Xavtgai isht bultsuutzegs
Bolboschoenus popovii Egor.
Popovyn bultsuutzegs
Butomus umbellatus L.
Shu'xert alshinga
Carex amgunensis Fr.
Carex appendiculata Kuk.
Amguny o'lon
O'lzhigot o'lon
Carex arnellii Christ.
Arnelyn o'lon
Carex atherodes Spreng.
Carex caespitosa L.
Carex canescens L.
Tsex tu'ruut o'lon
Degnu'ult o'lon
Orog o'lon
Carex coriophora Fisch.
B'asaat o'lon
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
U
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
D
U
D
P
P
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
U
N
D
D
D
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
18
1
1
Scientific Name
Grass-like plants (cont.)
Carex coriophora Fisch. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Carex curaica Kunth.
Xurain o'lon
Carex dichroa V. Krecz.
Carex duriuscula C.A. Mey.
Tarlan o'lon
Shireg o'lon
Carex enervis C.A. Mey.
Sudalgui o'lon
Carex ensifolia Turcz.
Carex karoi L.
Lidnavchit o'lon
Karogyn o'lon
Carex korshinskyi Kom.
Korzhinskyn o'lon
Carex lanceolata Boott.
Yulden o'lon
Carex ledebouriana C.A. Mey.
Carex macrogyna Turcz.
Carex melanantha CA Mey.
Ledevuryn o'lon
Tomu'rivchit o'lon
Xartsetsegt o'lon
Carex melananthiformis Litv.
Xartsetsegtterxu'u o'lon
Carex melanocephala Turcz.
Carex meyeriana Kunth.
Xartolgoit o'lon
Meiryn o'lon
Carex microglochin Wahlenb.
Goxontsort o'lon
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
N
N
N
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
19
1
1
Scientific Name
Grass-like plants (cont.)
Carex microglochin Wahlenb. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Carex norvegica Retz.
Carex obtusata Lilj.
Norvegi o'lon
Mo'luu o'lon
Carex orbicularis Boott.
Bondgor o'lon
Carex pallida C.A. Mey.
Tsaivar o'lon
Carex pediformis C.A. Mey.
Zogdor o'lon
Carex perfusca V. Krecz.
Carex relaxa VI Krecz.
Xarxu'ren o'lon
Zusuur o'lon
Carex rhynchophysa C.A. Mey.
Carex sabulosa Turcz. ex Kunth.
Montgor o'lon
Elsny o'lon
Carex sajanensis V. Krecz.
Sayany o'lon
Carex schmidtii Meinsh.
Shmidtyn o'lon
Carex selengensis Ivan.
Selenge o'lon
Carex stenocarpa Turcz.
Nariinurt o'lon
Carex stenophylloides (V. Krecz.) Egor.
Narynnavchitarxuu o'lon
Carex vericata L.
Tsevru'ut o'lon
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
N
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
20
1
1
Scientific Name
Grass-like plants (cont.)
Carex vericata L. (cont.)
Cyperus fuscus L.
Mongolian Name
Xu'ren o'lon
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Zu'ushig gurvalzh
Eleocharis intersita Zinserl.
Zavsaryn gurvalzh
Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes.
Gantsxairst gurvalzh
Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes.
Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix.
Tagyn golo'vs
Juncus bufonius L.
Bakunyn golo'vs
Juncus compressus Jacq.
Xavchig golo'vs
Juncus gerardii Loisel.
Juncus salsuginosus Turcz.
Jerardyn golo'vs
Martsyn golo'vs
Kobresia bellardii (All.) Degl.
Bellardyn bushilz
Kobresia filifolia (Turcz.) Clarce.
Utsannavchit bushilz
Kobresia myosuroides (Vill.) Fiori.
Xulgana-su'ulxei bushilz
Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack.
Egelxen bushilz
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
21
1
1
Scientific Name
Grass-like plants (cont.)
Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mack.(cont.)
Mongolian Name
Kobresia smirnovii Ivan.
Smirnovyn bushilz
Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv.
B'atsgantsetsegt o'lontsor
Luzula sibirica V. Krecz.
Sibir o'lontsor
Luzula spicata (L.) DC.
Scirpus hippolyti V. Krecz.
Tu'ruuleg o'lon
Ippolityn zegs
Scirpus orientalis Ohwi.
Dornodyn zegs
Triglochin maritimum L.
Tengisyn shil-o'vs
Triglochin palustre L.
Namgyn shil-o'vs
Forbs
Achillea asiatica Serg.
Azyn to'logchovs
Achillea millefolium L.
Egel to'logchovs
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
22
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Aconitum baicalense Turcz.
Mongolian Name
AS
Baigalyn xors
Aconitum barbatum Pers.
Saxalt xors
Aconitum excelsum Rchb.
Umardyn xors
Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.
Mo'lxoo zhashiv
Adenophora crispata (Turcz.) Kitag.
Adenophora lamarckii Fisch.
Adenophora stenanthina (Ledeb.)
Burzhgar xonxloi
Lamaryn xonxloi
Nariintsetsegt xonxloi
Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch.
Toonolzhnavchit xonxloi
Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb.
Uulyn zorgol
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
U'sleg loshgo
Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq.
Derveen tsulixar
Agrostemma githago L.
Alchemilla krilovii Juz.
Tu'ursny naadgai
Krilovyn xumilzh
Alisma gramineum Lej.
U'etenleg usantu'ruu
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
P
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
N
P
U
N
U
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
N
P
U
N
U
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
P
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
23
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Alisma gramineum Lej. (cont.)
Alisma plantago-aquatica L.
Mongolian Name
Tavansalaan usantu'ruu
Allium altaicum Pall.
Altain songino
Allium amphibolum Ledeb.
Ergelzem songino
Allium anisopodium Ledeb.
Sarvuun songino
Allium bidentatum Fisch.
Xosshu'dleg songino
Allium eduardii Stearn.
Edvardyn songino
Allium leucocephalum Turcz.
Buural songino
Allium lineare L.
Shugaman songino
Allium mongolicum Regel.
Xo'mol
Allium odorum L.
Anxil songino
Allium polyrrhizum Turcz.
Taana
AS
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
P
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
P
P
D
P
D
D
U
D
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
P
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
P
P
D
P
D
P
U
P
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
24
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Allium polyrrhizum Turcz.(cont.)
Mongolian Name
Allium prostratum Trev.
Delxee songino
Allium schoenoprasum L.
Xu'mxeel
Allium tenuissimum L.
Turixan songino
Allium victorialis L.
Yalaltyn songino
Alyssum lenensis Adam.
Lenyn shardemeg
Alyssum obovatum (C.A. Mey.)
O'ndgonduu shardemeg
Amethystea coerulea L.
Tsenxer bashgana
Androsace dahurica Ledeb.
Daguur terem
Androsace incana Lam.
Buural dalantovch
Androsace septentrionalis L.
Umardyn dalantovch
Anemone crinita Juz.
Segesger yarguizhin
Anemone sylvestris L.
Oin yarguizhin
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
IIII
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
P
P
P
D
P
N
P
D
P
U
P
D
P
D
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
P
D
P
D
D
N
D
D
P
U
P
D
P
D
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
25
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Anemone sylvestris L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Antennaria dioica Gaertn.
Xoyorgert bulgantavag
Apocynum hendersonii Hook.
Gendersony chonoxor
Apocynum pictum Schrenk.
Tsooxor chonoxor
Aquilegia sibirica Lam.
Aquilegia viridiflora Pall.
Arabis pendula L.
Sivir udval
Nogoontsetsegt udval
Du'uzhignuur shuvtaaxai
Arancus asiaticus Pojark.
Azyn izhilzh
Archangelica decurrens Ledeb.
Arctogeron gramineum (Linn.) DC.
Sanzhgar tsoorgono
U'etenerxuu geserdei
Arnebia fimbriata Maxim.
Tsatsaglig bereemeg
Arnebia guttata Bunge
Tolbot bereemeg
Artemisia adamsii Bess.
U'mxy sharilzh
Artemisia anethifolia Web.
Zorgodosnavchit sharilzh
Artemisia annua L.
Zuny sharilzh
Artemisia argui L.
Arguin sharilzh
AS
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Sheep
Horse
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
N
U
U
D
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
P
U
P
U
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
U
U
D
D
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
D
U
N
N
N
U
U
P
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
D
N
D
N
D
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
D
D
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
D
U
N
N
N
U
U
P
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
D
N
D
N
D
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
D
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
P
U
P
U
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
26
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Artemisia borealis Pall.
Mongolian Name
AS
Umardyn sharilzh
Artemisia changaica Krasch.
Xangain sharilzh
Artemisia commutata Bess.
Soligdongi sharilzh
Artemisia desertorum Spreng.
Artemisia dracunculus L.
Tso'lsog sharilzh
Ishgen shavag
Artemisia glauca Pall.
Zegel sharilzh
Artemisia globosa Krasch.
Bo'mbogor sharilzh
Artemisia integrifolia L.
Artemisia intricata Franch.
Bu'tennavchit sharilzh
Orooldoo sharilzh
Artemisia klementzae Krasch.
Klementsyn sharilzh
Artemisia laciniata Willd.
Artemisia latifolia (Ledeb.) Maxim
Artemisia leucophylla Turcz.
Artemisia macrantha Ledeb.
Tsuulbar sharilzh
O'rgonnavchit sharilzh
Tsagaannavchit sharilzh
Tomtsetsegt sharilzh
Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem.
Eerem sharilzh
Artemisia mongolica Fisch.
Artemisia palustris L.
Mongol sharilzh
Namgyn sharilzh
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Deer
N/A
Cattle
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
27
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Artemisia pectinata Pall.
Mongolian Name
AS
Saman sharilzh
Artemisia phaeolepis Krasch.
Artemisia rupestris L.
Xu'rennavchit sharilzh
Xadny sharilzh
Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit.
Shu'uren sharilzh
Artemisia selengensis Turcz.
Selenge sharilzh
Artemisia sericea Web.
Torgon sharilzh
Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd.
Sibiryn sharilzh
Artemisia sylvatica Maxim.
Oin sharilzh
Artemisia tanacetifolia L.
Artemisia tournefortiana Reichb.
Artemisia xanthochroa Krasch.
Artemisia xerophytica Krasch.
Maralxai sharilzh
Turneportyn sharilzh
Altanshar sharilzh
Xuuraisag sharilzh
Asparagus dahuricus Fisch.
Daguur xereennu'd
Asparagus gobicus Ivan.
Govyn xereennu'd
Asparagus oligoclonos Maxim.
Tso'onmochirt xereennu'd
Asperula saxicola Grub.
Aster alpinus L.
Xadny sunaraa
Tagyn golgeser
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
N/A
N/A
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Goat
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
N
N
N
N
D
N
D
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
28
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Aster alpinus L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Aster tataricus L.
Tataar golgeser
Astragalus adsurgens Pall.
Numiraa xunchir
Astragalus danicus Retz.
Daany xunchir
Astragalus alpinus L.
Tagyn xunchir
Astragalus argutensis Bunge
Astragalus austrosibiricus Schischk.
Astragalus bifidus Turcz.
Astragalus brachybotrys Bunge
Astragalus confertus Benth.
Astragalus dilutus Bunge
Astragalus galactites Pall.
Arguut xunchir
O'mnosibiryn xunchir
Xoyorxerchleest xunchir
Axarnavchit xunchir
U'serxeg xunchir
Tsaivar xunchir
Tsagaalin xunchir
Astragalus gobicus Hanelt & Davaz.
Astragalus grubovii Sancz.
Astragalus hypogaeus Ledeb.
Astragalus inopinatus Boriss.
Govyn xunchir
Grubovyn xunchir
Shurgaa xunchir
Dairaldmal xunchir
Astragalus junatovii Sancz.
Astragalus laguroides Pall.
Yunatovyn xunchir
Tuulain xunchir
Astragalus lupulinus Pall.
Astragalus miniatus Bunge
Zurgileg xunchir
Ulbar xubchir
Astragalus monophyllus Bunge
Gantsnavchit xunchir
Astragalus norvegicus Weber.
Astragalus pavlovii B. Fedtsch. & Basil.
Norvegi xunchir
Pavlovyn xunchir
AS
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
N/A
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
U
D
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
U
D
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
29
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Astragalus puberulus Ledeb.
Astragalus sulcatus L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Noolorxoi xunchir
Govilt xunchir
Astragalus uliginosus L.
Namgyn xunchir
Astragalus vallestris
Astragalus variabilis Bunge
Xo'ndyn xunchir
Xuvisamtgai xunchir
Astragalus versicolor Pall.
Atragene ochotensis Pall.
Ereen xunchir
Oxootyn zodorgono
Atragene sibirica L.
Sibir zodorgono
Atriplex cana C.A. Mey.
Buural shornoi
Atriplex fera (L.) Bunge
Atriplex laevis C.A. Mey.
Zerleg shornoi
Go'lgor shornoi
Atriplex sibirica L.
Sibir shornoi
Atriplex tatarica L.
Axyris amaranthoides L.
Tataar shornoi
Gagadai alis
Axyris hybrida L.
Erliiz alis
Axyris prostrata L.
Delxee alis
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Camel
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Horse
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
30
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Axyris prostrata L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Barbarea arcuata (Opiz.) Reich.
Numan sarmag
Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch.
Bidens tripartita L.
Zuzaannavchit badaana
Guramsan azhis
Brassica campestris L.
Zerleg baitsaa
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
Gaimuu
Bupleurum bicaule Helm.
Xoyorisht berish
Bupleurum multinerve DC.
Sadalarxag berish
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.
Xavisxananavchit berish
Bupleurum sibiricum Vest.
Sibir berish
Cacalia hastata L.
Caltha membranacea (Turcz.) Schipcz.
Caltha palustris L.
Ilden igu'ushin
Sarsilag balivi
Namgyn balivi
Campanula altaica Ledeb.
Campanula glomerata L.
Altain xonxontsetseg
Baga xonxontsetseg
AS
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
D
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
N
D
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
31
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Campanula glomerata L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Campanula rotundifolia L.
To'grognavchit xonxontsetseg
Campanula turczaninovii Fed.
Cancrinia discoidea (Ledeb.) Poljak.
Cannabis ruderalis Janisch.
Turchininovyn xonxontsetseg
Zeerentseg altantovch
Xogyn ols
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Egel gaimuu
Cardamine pratensis L.
Nugyn zuuch
Cardaria pubescens (C.A. Mey.)
Carduus crispus L.
U'serxeg xonx-shigtseg
Burzhgar cho'dorgono
Carduus nutans L.
Carum buriaticum Turcz.
Bo'xoon cho'dorgono
Bur'aad gonid
Carum carvi L.
Egel gonid
Centaurea adpressa Ledeb.
Nalchgarxairst xongorzul
Centaurea calva Ledeb.
Xalzan xongorzul
AS
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
32
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Centaurea pulchella Ledeb.
Mongolian Name
AS
Gangan xongorzul
Cerastium arvense L.
Xo'doonii toosontsor
Cerastium cerastioides (L.) Britt.
Gurvanbaganat toosontsor
Cerastium dahuricum Fisch.
Daguur toosontsor
Ceratophyllum demersum L.
Zhivee u'elgene
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.
Nariinnavchit xo'vont
Chamerion latifolium L.
O'rgonnavchit xo'vont
Chelidonium majus L.
Ix shu'udergene
Chenopodium acuminatum Willd.
Shorgor luuli
Chenopodium album L.
Tsagaan luuli
Chenopodium aristatum L.
Chenopodium botrys L.
Sortoi luuli
Tsatsaglag luuli
Chenopodium glaucum L.
Zegel luuli
Chenopodium hybridum L.
Erliiz luuli
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
N
N
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
U
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
D
U
D
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
U
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
D
U
D
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
N
N
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
33
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Chenopodium rubrum L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Ulaan luuli
Chenopodium urbicum L.
Xotyn luuli
Chenopodium viride L.
Nogoon luuli
Chenopodium vulvaria L.
O'mxii luuli
Chesneya mongolica Maxim.
Mongol buurtsgana
Chiazospermum erectum L.
Tsex galuuntavag
Chondrilla lejosperma Kar. & Kir.
Co'lgor-u'rt mo'goorsgono
Chorispora sibirica (L.) DC.
Sibir salaagana
Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC.
Tuyaxan salaagana
Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Grub.
Chrysanthemum mongolicum Ling.
Xalxyn golyn nartsag
Mongol nartsag
Chrysanthemum sinuatum Ledeb.
Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.
Onit nartsag
Tsuvraanavchit altanbo'or
Chrysosplenium sedakovii Turcz.
Sedakovyn altanbo'or
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Sheep
Deer
Sheep
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
IIII
D
U
U
U
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
34
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Chrysosplenium sedakovii Turcz. (cont.)
Cichorium intybus L.
Mongolian Name
Egel idree
Cicuta virosa L.
Xaxuun goliin-xor
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Xeeryn azargana
Cirsium esculentum (Siev.) C.A. Mey.
Iddeg azargana
Cirsium pendulum Fisch.
Unzhgar azargana
Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess.
Arzgar azargana
Cirsium vlassovianum Fisch.
Clematis aethusifolia Turcz.
Vlasovyn azargana
Etuznavchit zurgaadai
Clematis fruticosa Turcz.
Clematis glauca Willd.
So'ogon zogdorgono
Zegel zogdorgono
Clematis hexapetala Pall.
Zurgaadai
Clematis songarica Bunge
Clematis tangutica (Maxim.) Korsh.
Climacoptera affinis (C.A. Mey.)
Coluria geoides (Pall.) Ledeb.
Comarum palustre L.
Comarum salesovianum (Steph.)
Zu'ungaryn zogdorgono
Tangad zogdorgono
Udmyn budarganatsar
Maltuush baganalzh
Namgyn zedgelzh
Zalesevyn zedgelzh
AS
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Horse
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Elk
Camel
Cattle
Goat
IIII
N
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
D
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
U
U
N
D
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
35
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Comarum salesovianum (Steph.) (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Convolvulus ammanii Desr.
Ammany sedergene
Convolvulus arvensis L.
Cho'dor sedergene
Corispermum tylocarpum (Hance)
Corispermum chinganicum Iljin.
Borgotsoi xamxuul
X'angany xamxag
Corispermum declinatum Steph.
O'nxruush xamxuul
Corispermum elongatum Bunge
Corispermum mongolicum Iljin.
Urtavtar xamxuul
Mongol xamxuul
Corispermum orientale Lam.
Dornodyn xamxuul
Corispermum patelliforme Iljin.
Corydalis sibirica (Lf) Pers.
Cotoneaster melanocarpa Fisch.
Tso'gtson xamxuul
Sibir savalgana
Xarzhimst chargai
Cotoneaster mongolicus Pojark.
Mongol chargai
Cotoneaster uniflora Bunge
Gantstsetsegt chargai
Crepis bungei Ledeb.
Crepis chrysantha (Ledeb.) Turcz.
Crepis crocea (Lam.) Babc.
Crepis flexuosa (Ledeb.) Clarke.
Bungyn banga
Altantsetsegt banga
Gurmenshar banga
Taxir banga
Crepis sibirica L.
Sibir banga
Crepis tectorum L.
Deevryn banga
AS
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
D
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
N
D
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
36
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Crepis tectorum L. (cont.)
Cymbaria dahurica L.
Mongolian Name
Daguur xatny-tsetseg
Cynanchum pubescens Bunge
Noorxoi temeenxo'x
Cynoctonum purpureum (Pall.)
Ulbalzuur u'xdee
Cynomorium soongaricum Rupr.
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
Zu'ungaryn goyoo
Xevreg tsoimzhin
Delphinium cheilanthum Fisch.
Uruult gezgene
Delphinium grandiflorum L.
Tomtsetsegt gezgene
Descurainia sophia L.
Sopyn borbut
Dianthus superbus L.
Goyo bashir
Dianthus versicolor Fisch.
Alag bashir
Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.
Bavgarzhimst agchaaxai
Dontostemon crassifolius Bunge
Zuzaannavchit bagdai
Dontostemon elegans Maxim.
Goyo bagdai
AS
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Elk
Goat
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
D
N
D
N
D
D
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
D
N
D
N
D
D
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
D
P
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
D
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
37
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Dontostemon integrifolius (L.)
Mongolian Name
AS
Bu'tennavchit bagdai
Dontostemon perennis C.A. Mey.
Olonnavchit bagdai
Dontostemon senilis Maxim.
O'tluun bagdai
Draba nemorosa L.
Tuzhyn xambil
Dracocephalum foetidum Bunge.
Dracocephalum fruticulosum Steph.
O'mxii shimeldeg
So'ogontsor shimeldeg
Dracocephalum grandiflorum L.
Dracocephalum moldavicum L.
Tomtsetsegt shimeldeg
Moldav shimeldeg
Dracocephalum ruyschianum L.
Ruishyn shimeldeg
Dryadanthe tetranta (Bunge) Juz.
Dryas oxyodonta Juz.
Do'rvondoxiurt zozhirs
Xurtsshu'dleg zozhirgono
Dryas punctata Juz.
Menget zozhirgono
Echinops gmelinii Turcz.
Gmeliny taizhiinzhins
Echinops latifolius Tausch.
O'rgonnavchit taizhiinzhins
Echinops ritro L.
Egel taizhiinzhins
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
U
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
N
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
U
N
N
D
N
U
U
D
N
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
U
N
N
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
38
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Elisanthe aprica L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Tso'lyn torxontsog
Epilobium palustre L.
Namgyn xo'vontsor
Equisetum arvense L.
Xo'doony (xeeryn) shivlee
Equisetum fluviatile L.
Golyn shivlee
Equisetum palustre L.
Namgyn shivlee
Equisetum pratense Ehrhart.
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.
Equisetum scirpoides Michx.
Nugyn shivlee
Saglagar shivlee
Zegsny shivlee
Equisetum sylvaticum L.
Oin shivlee
Eremogone marina (L.) Griseb.
Martsny daamuu
Eremogone capillaris (Poir.) Fenzl.
X'algasan devxergene
Eremogone formosa (Fisch.) Fenzl.
Goo devxergene
Eremogone meyeri (Fenzl) Ikonn.
Meiryn devxergene
Erigeron elongatus Ledeb.
Urtxan tsiileg
Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook.
Yuldennavchit tsiileg
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
39
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook. (cont.)
Eritrichium pauciflorum (Ledeb.) DC.
Mongolian Name
Tso'ontsetsegt batga
Eritrichium villosum (Ledeb.) Bunge
Bavgar batga
Erodium stephanianum Willd.
Stepany zaantavag
Erodium tibetanum Edgew. & Hook.
To'vd zaantavag
Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
Manzhxui gontog
Erysimum flavum (Georgi) Bobrov
Shar gontog
Euphorbia discolor Ledeb.
Euphorbia humifusa Willd.
Alag su'ut-ovs
Nalchgar su'ut-ovs
Euphorbia mongolica Prokh.
Euphrasia hirtella Jord.
Mongol su'ut-ovs
U'sxiiduu narim
Euphrasia maximowiczii Wettst.
Euphrasia pectinata Ten.
Euphrasia rubra Opiz.
Maxomovichyn narim
Zamlag narim
Ulaan bashiga
AS
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
40
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Euphrasia rubra Opiz. (cont.)
Euphrasia syreitschikovii Govor.
Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib.
Mongolian Name
Sireishokovyn narim
Tarimal sagag
Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.
Tataar tarna
Ferula bungeana Kitag.
Bungyn xavrag
Filifolium sibiricum (L.) Kitam.
Sibir zu'r-ovs
Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim.
Saravgar tuulaitagnai
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
Xailasnavchit tuulaitagnaa
Fragaria orientalis Losinsk.
Dornodyn gu'zeelzgene
Galatella dahurica. DC.
Galatella macrosciadia Gand.
Daguur burz
Tomsagsagt burz
Gallium boreale L.
Umardyn o'romtuul
Gallium uliginosum L.
Bambalzuuryn o'romtuul
Gallium vaillantii DC.
Bayany o'romtuul
AS
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
41
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Gallium verium L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Zhinxene o'romtuul
Gastrolychnis brachypetala Fenzl.
Axardelbeet tsu'zegneg
Gentiana acuta Michx.
Xurst degd
Gentiana algida Pall.
O'lchir degd
Gentiana barbata Froel.
Saxlai degd
Gentiana decumbens L.
Xevtee degd
Gentiana macrophylla Pall.
Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.
Tomnavchit degd
Derveen degd
Geranium albiflorum Ledeb.
Tsagaantsetsegt shimtgelei
Geranium coeruleum Patrin.
Xo'x shimtgelei
Geranium collinum Steph.
Tolgodyn shimtgelei
Geranium eriostemon Fisch.
U'slegdox'uurt shimtgelei
Geranium pratense L.
Nugyn shimtgelei
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
42
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Geranium sibiricum L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Sibir shimtgelei
Geranium transbaicalicum Serg.
O'vor-baigalyn shimtgelei
Geranium vlassovianum Fisch.
Vlasovyn shimtgelei
Geum aleppicum Jacq.
Alepyn maltuush
Glaux maritima L.
Martsny tsegeelzh
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
Ural chixer o'vs
Gnamaerhodos altaica (Laxm.)
Altain tu'mentana
Gnamaerhodos erecta (L.)
Tsex tu'mentana
Gnamaerhodos sabulosa Bunge
Elsny tu'mentana
Gnamaerhodos trigida Ledeb.
Gurvanxerchleest tu'mentana
Gnaphalium baicalense Kirp.
Baigali xo'vuurgene
Gnaphalium supinum L.
Goniolimon speciosum (L.) Boiss.
Namxan xo'vuurgene
Goo yult
Gueldenstaedtia monophylla Fisch.
Gantsnavchit salizhir
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
IIII
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
U
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
43
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Gueldenstaedtia verna (Georgi) Boriss.
Mongolian Name
AS
Xavryn salizhir
Gypsophila davurica Fenzl.
Daguur tair
Gypsophila desertorum (Bunge) Fenzl.
Tso'lyn tair
Gypsophila paniculata L.
Zalaarxag tair
Gypsophila patrinii Ser.
Patreny tair
Halerpestes ruthenica Ovcz.
Oros gets
Halerpestes salsuginosa (Pall.)
Martsny gets
Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey.
Baga xushxamxag
Hedysarum alpinum L.
Tagyn shimers
Hedysarum collinum Sancz.
Hedysarum dahuricum B. Fedtsch.
Hedysarum ferganense Korsh.
Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb.
Tolgodyn shimers
Daguur shimers
Pengany shimers
Gmeliny shimers
Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb.
Orx'oos shimers
Hedysarum setigerum Turcz.
Helychrysum arenarium L.
Arzgar shimers
Elsny mo'nxtsetseg
Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L.
Hemerocallis minor Mill.
Shar xumxaal
Baga xumxaal
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Horse
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
D
D
D
D
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
44
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Hemerocallis minor Mill. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.
Tsuulbar baldargana
Heracleum sibiricum L.
Sibir baldargana
Herniaria glabra L.
Go'lgor ivergene
Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr.
Altain sogsoolzh
Heteropappus hispidus (Thunb.) Less.
Arzgar sogsoolzh
Hieracium echioides Lumn.
Zarzaaxai xartsgana
Hieracium umbellatum L.
Hieracium virosum Pall.
Hippuris vulgaris L.
Shu'xerleg xartsgana
Xort xartsgana
Egel su'ul-ovs
Hyoscyamus niger L.
Xar lantanz
Incarvillea potaninii Batal.
Potaniny ulaantulam
Inula britannica L.
Britany zoosontsetseg
Inula linariifolia Turcz.
Zazhluurgananavchit
zoosontsetseg
AS
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
Elk
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N/A
N/A
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
D
D
N
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N/A
N/A
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N/A
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
45
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Inula prostrata Aschers.
Mongolian Name
AS
Delxee buu'rgene
Inula salicina L.
Burgasnavchit zoosontsetseg
Inula salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf.
Iris bungei Maxim.
Budarganarxuu zoosontsetseg
Bungyn tsaxildag
Iris dichotoma Pall.
Atsan tsaxildag
Iris humilis Georgi.
Namxan tsaxildag
Iris lactea Pall.
Tsagaalin tsaxildag
Iris potaninii Maxim.
Potaniny tsaxildag
Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl.
Oros tsaxildag
Iris sibirica L.
Sibir tsaxildag
Iris tenuifolia Pall.
Nariinnavchit tsaxildag
Iris tigridia Bunge
Bartsooxor tsaxildag
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
N
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
U
N
P
N
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
N
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
46
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Iris tigridia Bunge (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Iris ventricosa Pall.
Tsu'dger tsaxildag
Isatis costata C.A. Mey.
Gurivant xo'xorgono
Isatis oblongata DC.
Gonzgoivtor xo'xorgono
Ixeridium gramineum (Fisch.) Tzvel.
Jurinea chaetocarpa Ledeb.
Jurinea mongolica Maxim.
U'etenerxuu bangatsag
Arzgarzhimst chonogono
Mongol chonogono
Kaschgaria komarovii Poljak.
Kaschgaria pamirica Poljak.
Komarovyn borsazag
Pamir sharilzh
Kochia krylovii Litv.
Krilovyn togtorgono
Kochia melanoptera Bunge
Xardevu'urt togtorgono
Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.
Savaan togtorgono
Kochia sieversiana (Pall. ) C.A. Mey.
Bo'ontsetsegt togtorgono
Lactuca serriola L.
Zerleg ziraa
Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth.
Sibir ziraa
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
47
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey.
Mongolian Name
AS
Tataar ziraa
Lactuca undulata Ledeb.
Dolg'oolog ziraa
Lagochilus diacanthophyllus (Pall.) Benth.
Xos-o'rgost
Lagochilus ilicifolius Bunge
Tsarsnavchit angalzuur
Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk.
Bu'xelnavchit xonlin
Lamium album L.
Tsagaan mazh
Lappula myosotis Moench.
Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene.
Lappula semiglabra (Ledeb.)
Durzgalzh notsorgono
Redovskyn notsorgono
Nu'tsgenduu notsorgono
Lathyrus humilis (Ser.) Spreng.
Namxan to'mordei
Lathyrus pilosus Cham.
U'serxeg to'mordei
Lathyrus pisiformis L.
Vanduirxuu to'mordei
Lathyrus pratensis L.
Nugyn to'mordei
Lathyrus quinquenervius (Miq.) Litv.
Tavansudalt to'mordei
Lathyrus sativus L.
Tarimal to'mordei
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Cattle
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
D
N
N
U
N
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
48
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Lathyrus sativus L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Leibnitzia anandria (L.) Nakai
Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv.
Dox'uurgui xongortsog
Egel tsagaantu'ruu
Leontopodium ochroleucum Beauv.
Lepidium cordatum Willd.
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Shargal uul-o'vs
Zu'rxen tsanguu
Bo'ontsetsegt tsanguu
Lepidium latifolium L.
Lepidium ruderale L.
O'rgonnavchit tsanguu
Xogyn tsanguu
Lespedeza dahurica (Laxm.) Schindl.
Daguur xoshoonbut
Lespedeza hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitag.
Shimerserxu'u xoshoonbut
Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.)
Segesger xoshoonbut
Libanotis condensata. (L.)
Libanotis seseloides Turcz.
Ligularia altaica DC.
Bo'ontsetsegt chintsai
U'nertnogoorxuu chintsai
Altain zayaxai
Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass.
Sibir zayaxai
Lilium martagon L.
Burzhgar saraana
Lilium pensylvanicum Ker-Gawl.
Pensilvany saraana
Lilium pumilum Delile.
Odoi saraana
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
N
N
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
N
N
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
49
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Lilium pumilum Delile. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Limonium aureum (L.) Hill.
Altan bermeg
Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze.
Alag bermeg
Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze.
Gmeliny bermeg
Limonium tenellum (Turcz.) Kuntze.
Turixan bermeg
Linaria acutiloba Fisch.
Xurtssalbant zazhluurga
Linaria buriatica Turcz.
Bur'aad zozhirgana
Linum altaicum Ledeb.
Altain maalinga
Linum pallescens Bunge
Tsaivarduu maalinga
Llojdia serotina (L.) Reichb.
Namarsag agdar
Lophanthus chinensis Benth.
Nang'aad sadagnavga
Matricaria ambigua (Ledeb.) Kryl.
Matricaria recutita L.
Ergelzem xambasharilzh
Nugaraa xambasharilzh
Medicago falcata L.
X'angar tsargas
AS
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
50
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Medicago falcata L. (cont.)
Medicago lupulina L.
Mongolian Name
Zu'rgiileg tsargas
Medicago ruthenica L.
Oros chireg
Medicago sativa L.
Tarimal tsargas
Melilotus dentata (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.
Shu'dleg xoshoon
Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.
Anxiluun xoshoon
Melilotus wolgicus Poir.
Izhilyn xoshoon
Melissitus platycarpos L.
Xavtaganavchit chirgelzh
Meniocus linifolius (Steph.) DC.
Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Maalinge xavtgalzh
Zhamal gilaaxai
Micropeplis arachnoides (Moq.)
Aalzny xush-o'vs
Myosotis caespitosa K. F. Schultz.
Degnu'ult dursgalzh
AS
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
P
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
51
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Myosotis caespitosa K. F. Schultz. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Myosotis suaveolens Waldst.
Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm.
U'nert dursgalzh
Oin dursgalzh
Nanophyton erinaceum (Pall.) Bunge
Zaraarxuu taar
Nardosmia frigida (L.) Hook.
Nardosmia laevigata (Willd.) DC.
Nardosmia saxatilis Turcz.
Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Rchb.
Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv.
O'lchir gugalzh
Go'lgor gugalzh
Xadny gugalzh
Tsatsagt xoninxorom
Zalaarxag bo'mbogono
Nymphaea candida J. Persl.
Nymphaea tetragona Georgi.
Olgaea leucophylla (Turcz.) Iljin.
Olgaea lomonossowii (Trautv.) Iljin.
Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC.
Tsavtsagaan bo'lboo
Do'rvolzhin bo'lboo
Tsagaannavchit xashzul
Lomonosovyn xashzul
Elsny xu'tsenge
Orostachys fimbriata (Turcz.)
Tsatsaglag yuld-o'vs
Orostachys malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch.
Zo'olonnavchit yuldo'vs
Orostachys spinosa (L.) Sw.
Xatguurt yuldo'vs
Orostachys thyrsiflora Fisch.
Tsatsagt yuldo'vs
Oxalis acetosella L.
Egel isreg
Oxygraphis glacialis Bunge
Mo'snii xu'chinge
Oxytropis martijanovii Kryl.
Oxytropis ambigua(Pall.) DC.
Oxytropis ampullata (Pall.) Pers.
Oxytropis bungei Kom.
Oxytropis caespitosa (Pall.) Pers.
Martyanovyn ortuuz
Izhildu'u ortuuz
Tsevru'uzhimst ortuuz
Bungyn ortuuz
Degnu'ult ortuuz
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Sheep
Deer
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Cattle
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
P
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
P
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
D
D
T
U
T
T
T
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
D
D
T
U
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
52
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Oxytropis chionophylla Schrenk.
Oxytropis coerulea (Pall.) DC.
Mongolian Name
AS
Tsaszhinnavchit ortuuz
Tsenxer ortuuz
Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC.
Naluu ortuuz
Oxytropis diantha Bunge
Oxytropis falcata Bunge
Oxytropis filiformis DC.
Xoyortsetsegt ortuuz
Selem ortuuz
Utsan ortuuz
Oxytropis glabra (Lam.) DC.
Nu'tsgen ortuuz
Oxytropis glandulosa Turcz.
Bulchirxait ortuuz
Oxytropis gracillima Bunge
Oxytropis grandiflora (Pall.) DC.
Oxytropis komarovii Vassilcz.
Oxytropis krilovii Schischk.
Oxytropis lanata (Pall.) DC.
Oxytropis lasiopoda Bunge
Oxytropis microphylla (Pall.) DC.
Turixan ortuuz
Tomtsetsegt ortuuz
Komarovyn ortuuz
Krilovyn ortuuz
U'sxii ortuuz
Bavgarshilbet ortuuz
Zhizhignavchit ortuuz
Oxytropis mongolica Kom.
Oxytropis muricata (Pall.) DC.
Mongol ortuuz
Zo'olonorgost ortuuz
Oxytropis myriophylla (Pall.) DC.
Tu'mennavchit ortuuz
Oxytropis nitens Turcz.
Oxytropis oligantha Bunge
Oxytropis oxyphylla (Pall.) DC.
Oxytropis pavlovii Bunge
Oxytropis pseudoglandulosa Gontsch.
Oxytropis pumila Fisch.
Oxytropis sajanensis Jurtz.
Oxytropis salina Vass.
G'algar ortuuz
Tso'ontsetsegt ortuuz
Shovxnavchit ortuuz
Pavlovyn ortuuz
Xuuramchbulchirxait ortuuz
Odoi ortuuz
Sayany ortuuz
Martsny ortuuz
N/A
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Horse
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
53
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Oxytropis saposhnikovii Kryl.
Oxytropis selengensis Bunge.
Oxytropis sordida (Willd.) Pers.
Oxytropis strobilacea Bunge
Oxytropis trichophysa Bunge
Mongolian Name
AS
Sapozhnikovyn ortuuz
Selegne ortuuz
Boxir ortuuz
Borgotsoirxuu ortuuz
Ustxo'ongo ortuuz
Oxytropis viridiflava Kom.
Panzeria canescens Bunge
Sharnogoon ortuuz
Orogduu noxoin-xel
Panzeria lanata Bunge
U'sxii noxoin-xel
Papaver croceum Ledeb.
Gurgem-shar namuu
Papaver nudicaule L.
Nutsgen namuu
Papaver pseudocanescens M. Popov
Xuuramchtsaivar namuu
Papaver rubro-aurantiacum (Fisch.)
Ulaansharga namuu
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Paris quadrifolia L.
Do'rvonnavchit
chandganachix
Parnassia laxmannii Pall.
Laxmany du'ndeggarav
Parnassia palustris L.
Namgyn du'ndeggarav
Patrinia rupestris (Pall.) Dufr.
Sibir serxileg
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
54
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Patrinia rupestris (Pall.) Dufr. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Patrinia scabiosifolia Fisch.
Baavarnavchit serxileg
Pedicularis abrotanifolia M. Bieb.
Sharilzhnavchit xuvilanga
Pedicularis elata Willd.
Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph.
O'ndor xuvilanga
Sunguutsetsegt xuvilanga
Pedicularis myriophylla Pall.
Pedicularis oederi Vahl.
Pedicularis resupinata L.
Tu'mennavchit xuvilanga
Ederyn xuvilanga
Xo'mroo xuvilanga
Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L.
Skipetryn xuvilanga
Pedicularis spicata Pall.
Tu'ruuleg xuvilanga
Pedicularis sudetica Willd.
Pedicularis uliginosa Bunge
Pedicularis verticillata L.
Sudetyn xuvilanga
Namgyn xuvilanga
Toiruulgat xuvilanga
Peganum harmala L.
Peganum nigellastrum Bunge
Egel o'mxii-ovs
Xarlag o'mxii-ovs
Peucedanum baicalense Koch.
Baigali zhav
Peucedanum vaginatum Ledeb.
Uglargat zhav
Phlojodicarpus sibiricus Turcz.
Sibir tsu'ldegnuur
Phlomis tuberosa L.
Bultsuut tuiplantsar
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Elk
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Elk
Elk
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
P
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
N
N
P
U
N
D
N
N
N
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
U
P
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
N
N
P
U
N
D
N
N
N
T
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
55
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Phlomis tuberosa L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Physochlaina physaloides (L.) G. Don fil.
Yagaan xu'nxors
Picris dahurica Fisch.
Picris hieracioides L.
Daguur shartolgoi
Xartsganai shartolgoi
Pigionium dolabratum Maxim.
Pigionium pterocarpum Kom.
Pisum arvense L.
Alxan sagai
Devu'urt sagai
Xo'doogyn vandui
Pisum sativum L.
Tarimal vandui
Plantago cornutii Gouan.
Kornutyn tavansalaa
Plantago depressa Schlecht.
Navtgar tavansalaa
Plantago komarovii Pavl.
Komarovyn tavansalaa
Plantago major L.
Ix tavansalaa
Plantago maritima L.
Martsny tavansalaa
Plantago minuta Pall.
Plantago polysperma Kar. & Kir.
Polemonium pulchellum Bunge
Polemonium racemosum (Rgl.) Kitam.
Baga tavansalaa
U'rleg tavansalaa
Goo inzhbuural
Tsatsagt inzhbuural
AS
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
Elk
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
56
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Polemonium villosum J. Rudolph.
Polygala hybrida DC.
Mongolian Name
AS
U'sxii inzhbuural
Erliiz zu'rxelzh
Polygala sibirica L.
Sibir zu'rxelzh
Polygala tenuifolia Willd.
Nariinnavchit zu'rxelzh
Polygonatum humile Fisch.
Namxan muxartsagaan
Polygonatum odoratum (Mill) Druce.
Anxiluun muxartsagaan
Polygonatum sibiricum Delaroche.
Sibir muxartsagaan
Polygonum alpinum All.
Tagyn tarna
Polygonum amphibium L.
Xoyornutagt tarna
Polygonum angustifolium Pall.
Nariinnavchit tarna
Polygonum aqualis L.
Usan tarna
Polygonum aviculare L.
Shuvuun tarna
Polygonum convolvulus L.
Sedergenen tarna
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
N
D
D
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
57
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Polygonum divaricatum L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Derveen tarna
Polygonum heterophyllum Lindm.
Eldevnavchit tarna
Polygonum lapathifolium L.
Xurganchixerxu'u tarna
Polygonum patulum Bieb.
Gunxaa tarna
Polygonum sibiricum Laxm.
Sibir tarna
Polygonum valerii L.
Valeryn tarna
Polygonum viviparum L.
To'oluur tarna
Portulaca oleracea L.
Nogoony gazryn morinshu'd
Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb.
U'etenerxuu nu'delzh
Potamogeton pectinatus L.
Saman nu'delzh
Potamogeton pusillus L.
Zhizhig nu'delzh
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
IIII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
58
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Potamogeton pusillus L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Potamogeton vaginatus Turcz.
Uglargat nu'delzh
Potentilla sanquisorba Willd.
So'dxei gichgene
Potentilla acaulis L.
Ishgui gichgene
Potentilla anserina L.
Galuun gichgene
Potentilla astragalifolia Bunge
Xunchirnavchit gichgene
Potentilla biflora Willd.
Potentilla bifurca L.
Xoyornavchit gichgene
Imt gichgene
Potentilla chrysantha Trev.
Altlagtsetsegt gichgene
Potentilla conferta Bunge
Xavchig gichgene
Potentilla evestita Th. Wolf.
Charmai gichgene
Potentilla fragarioides L.
Gu'zeelzgenexei gichgene
Potentilla fragellaris Willd.
Potentilla gelida C.A. Mey.
Bu'chleg gichgene
O'lchir gichgene
AS
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
N/A
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
U
P
P
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
59
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Potentilla gracilis R. Kom.
Mongolian Name
AS
Turixan gichgene
Potentilla leucophylla Pall.
Tsagaannavchit gichgene
Potentilla longifolia Willd.
Potentilla multifida L.
Potentilla nivea L.
Urtnavchit gichgene
Xigmel gichgene
Tsasalzhin gichgene
Potentilla norvegica L.
Norvegi gichgene
Potentilla nudicaulis Willd.
Nu'tsgenisht gichgene
Potentilla pensylvanica L.
Pensilvany gichgene
Potentilla sericea L.
Torgon gichgene
Potentilla supina L.
Navtgar gichgene
Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd.
Maralnavchit gichgene
Potentilla virgata Lehm.
Savaan gichgene
Primula farinosa L.
O'ngort xavarsal
Primula nutans Georgi.
Bo'xoon xavarsal
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.
Egel bavran
Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C.A. Mey.
Buuralduu yangits
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Horse
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
N
U
D
U
D
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
P
P
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
60
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Ptilotrichum canescens (DC.) C.A. Mey. (cont.)
Ptilotrichum tenuifolium (Steph.) C.A. Mey.
Mongolian Name
Nariinnavchit yangits
Pulsatilla ambigua (Turcz.) Juz.
Eedreet yargui
Pulsatilla bungeana C.A. Mey.
Bungyn yargui
Pulsatilla flavescens (Zucc.) Juz.
Shar yargui
Pulsatilla multifida Juz.
Xigmel yargui
Pulsatilla turczaninovii Kryl.
Turchininovyn yargui
Pyrethrum changaicum Krasch.
Ranunculus japonicus Thunb.
Xangain shivaantig
Yapon xoltsontsetseg
Ranunculus pulchellus C.A. Mey.
Goyo xoltsontsetseg
Ranunculus repens L.
Mo'lxoo xoltsontsetseg
Ranunculus sceleratus L.
Xort xoltsontsetseg
Rhaponticum carthamnoides (DC.)
Rhaponticum uniflora (L.)
Rheum compactum L.
Tuulgachduu ixzul
O'nchintsetsegt ixzalaa
N'agt gishyyne
Rheum nanum Siewers.
Namxan gishu'une
AS
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
Elk
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
U
P
U
P
U
P
U
P
N
P
N
P
U
U
N
U
U
P
N
P
N
P
N
P
U
P
U
P
U
P
U
P
N
P
N
P
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
P
P
U
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
P
P
U
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
61
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Rheum nanum Siewers. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Rheum undulatum L.
Dolg'oontson gishu'une
Rheum uninerve Maxim.
Gantssudalt bazhuuna
Rhinanthus angustifolia (Gmel.)
Nariinnavchit xonxoldoi
Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.)
Rhodiola litvinowii Boriss.
Rhodiola pinnatifida Boriss.
Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.)
Rhodiola rosea L.
Rubia cordifolia L.
Rubia humifusa (Bieb.) Bess.
O'lchir mu'gez
Litvinovyn mu'gez
O'dlog mu'gez
Do'rvolzhin mu'gez
Yagaan mu'gez
Zu'rxerxuu yagaandai
Nelemger sunaraa
Rumex acetosa L.
Isgelen xurganchix
Rumex acetosella L.
Bagaxurgan chix
Rumex gmelinii Turcz.
Gmeliny xurganchix
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh.
Tsatsagt xurganchix
AS
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
D
N
D
U
N
N
N
N
D
N
D
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
P
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
N
D
N
D
U
N
N
N
N
D
N
D
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
P
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
62
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Salicornia europaea L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Evrop xers
Salsola ikonnikovii Juz.
Ikonnikovyn budargana
Salsola australis R. Br.
O'mnodyn budargana
Salsola collina Pall.
Tolgodyn budargana
Salsola monoptera Bunge
Gantsdevu'urt budargana
Salsola paulsenii Litv.
Paulseny budargana
Sanquisorba officinalis L.
Emyn so'd
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.)
Saussurea alpina (L.) DC.
Derevger zhirgeru'u
Tagyn banzdoo
Saussurea amara (L.) DC.
Gashuun banzdoo
Saussurea baicalensis (Adams) Robins.
Baigali banzdoo
Saussurea dahurica Adam.
Daguur banzdoo
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Elk
Reindeer
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
P
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
P
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
N
P
P
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
D
N
U
N
D
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
N
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
N
D
P
P
P
U
P
P
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
N
U
N
D
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
N
D
D
N
U
N
U
D
N
U
N
D
P
P
P
U
P
P
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
P
U
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
P
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
N
P
P
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
63
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Saussurea involucrata Schrenk.
Mongolian Name
AS
No'mrogt banzdoo
Saussurea laciniata Ledeb.
Salbant banzdoo
Saussurea latifolia Ledeb.
Saussurea leucophylla Schrenk.
Saussurea salicifolia (L.) DC.
O'rgonnavchit banzdoo
Tsagaannavchit banzdoo
Burgasnavchit banzdoo
Saussurea salsa (Pall.) Spreng.
Martsny banzdoo
Saussurea schanginiana (Wydl.) Fisch.
Saxifraga cernua L.
Saxifraga foliolosa R. Br.
Saxifraga hieracifolia Waldst. & Kit.
Saxifraga hirculus L.
Saxifraga punctata L.
Shanginy banzdoo
Bo'xoon serdeg
Navchirxag serdeg
Xartsaganavchit serdeg
Namgyn serdeg
Mengit serdeg
Saxifraga sibirica L.
Saxifraga spinulosa Adam.
Scabiosa comosa Fisch.
Sibir serdeg
Shivu'urt serdeg
Tomtsogt baavartsetseg
Scabiosa ochroleuca L.
Tsaivar-sharga baavartsetseg
Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk.
Negnast bivlentser
Schizonepeta multifida (L.)
Xerchleest bivlentser
Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge
Scorzonera austriaca Willd.
Tsagaanisht xavisgana
Avstryn xavisgana
Scorzonera capito Maxim.
Danxar xavisgana
Scorzonera ikonnikovii Lipsch. & Krasch.
Scorzonera mongolica Maxim.
Ikonnikovyn xavisgana
Mongol xavisgana
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Elk
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Elk
Elk
Elk
Elk
Cattle
Elk
Elk
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Elk
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
64
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Scorzonera radiata Fisch.
Mongolian Name
AS
Tsatsragt xavisgana
Scutellaria galericulata L.
Egel gu'unxox
Scutellaria grandiflora Sims.
Tomtsetsegt gu'unxox
Sedum aizoon L.
Yulden mogoinidee
Sedum ewersii Ledeb.
Sedum hybridum L.
Eversyn mogoinidee
Erliiz mogoinidee
Sedum pallescent Fryen.
Sedum purpureum (L.) Schult.
Tsaivarduu mogoinidee
Ulbalzuur mogoinidee
Senecio arcticus Rupr.
Tuilyn zoximon
Senecio cannabifolius Less.
Olsnavchit zoximon
Senecio dubius Ledeb.
Senecio erucifolius L.
Ergelzem zoximon
To'oluurnavchit zoximon
Senecio integrifolius (L.) Clairv.
Senecio jacobaea L.
Bu'tennavchit zoximon
Yakovyn zoximon
Senecio nemorensis L.
Naimaldai zoximon
Elk
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
65
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Senecio resedifolius Less.
Senecio subdentatus Ledeb.
Mongolian Name
AS
Tsanxuinavchit zoximon
Shu'dentsert zoximon
Senecio vulgaris L.
Egel zoximon
Serratula centauroides L.
Xongorzullig xongorzalaa
Serratula coronata L.
Serratula marginata Tausch.
Sibbaldia procumbens L.
Titemt xongorzalaa
X'aaztai xongorzalaa
Delgee xereexei
Sibbaldianthe adressa (Bunge) Juz.
Nalchgar xonshuu
Sibbaldianthe sericea Grub.
Torgomsog xonshuu
Silene chamarensis Turcz.
Silene jenisseensis Willd.
Xamardavaany sheerenge
Enisein sheerenge
Silene repens Patr.
Mo'lxoo sheerenge
Sisymbrium heteromallum C.A. Mey.
Du'uzhinzhimst xambi
Sisymbrium polymorphum Roth.
Xuvisamtgai xambi
Sium suave Walt.
Solanum depilatum Kitag.
Solanum septemlobum Bunge
Ayataixan shaldalzh
Isgelendu'u chishentser
Doloodoi chishentser
Rheum nanum Siewers.
Daguur altargana
Elk
Camel
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
P
P
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
D
D
P
P
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
66
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Rheum nanum Siewers. (cont.)
Sonchus arvensis L.
Sophora alopecuroides L.
Mongolian Name
Xo'doony sharalzgana
U'negen-suulxei lider
Sophora flavescens Soland.
Shargal lider
Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC.
Martsny xorzhignuur
Sphallerocarpus gracilis (Bess.)
Stellaria amblyosepala Schrenk.
Nariin u'xergonid
Moxootsomirlogt azhigana
Stellaria dichotoma L.
Altan azhigana
Stellaria graminea L.
U'eterxuu azhigana
Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Dund azhigana
Stellaria petraea Bunge
Chuluusag azhigana
Stellera chamaejasme L.
Odoi dalantu'ruu
Suaeda corniculata (C.A. Mey.)
Evert budarga
Suaeda heterophylla Bunge
Eldevnavchit budarga
Suaeda kossinskyi Iljin
Kossinskyn budarga
AS
Sheep
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Sheep
Camel
IIII
U
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
67
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Suaeda kossinskyi Iljin (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Suaeda prostrata Pall.
Delxee budarga
Suaeda przewalskii Bunge
Przhevalskyn budarga
Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall.
Martsny budarga
Synurus deltoides (Aiton.) Nakai
Tanacetum boreale Fisch.
Taraxacum ceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC.
Taraxacum collinum DC.
Taraxacum dissectum (Ledeb.) Ledeb.
Taraxacum leucanthum (Ledeb.) Ledeb.
Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz.
Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Dalarxuu ixzalaa
Umardyn maralzgana
Evert bagvaaxai
Tolgodyn bagvaaxai
Tsuulbar bagvaaxai
Tsagaantsetsegt bagvaaxai
Mongol bagvaaxai
Emyn bambai
Thalictrum alpinum L.
Tagyn burzhgar
Thalictrum foetidum L.
O'mxy burzhgar
Thalictrum minus L.
Baga burzhgar
Thalictrum petaloideum L.
Delbeerxu'u burzhgar
Thalictrum simplex L.
Egel burzhgar
Thalictrum squarrosum Steph.
Derveen burzhgar
AS
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Cattle
N/A
N/A
N/A
Cattle
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
68
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Thalictrum squarrosum Steph. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Thermopsis alpina (Pallas) Ledeb.
Tagyn tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis dahurica Czefr.
Daguur tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis grubovii Czefr.
Grubovyn tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis longicarpa Ulzij.
Urtbuurtsagt tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis mongolica Czefr.
Mongol tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis przewalskii Czefr.
Przewalskyn tarvaganshiir
Thermopsis schischkinii Czefr.
Shishkeniny tarvaganshiir
Thlaspi arvense L.
Thlaspi cochleariforme DC.
Xo'doogyn biraaga
Xalbagan biraaga
Thymus gobicus Czern.
Govyn ganga
Thymus kitagawianus Tschern.
Kitagavyn ganga
Thymus mongolicus (Ronniger) Ronn.
Mongol ganga
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
IIII
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
D
U
D
D
N
D
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
N
N
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
69
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Thymus mongolicus (Ronniger) Ronn. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Tournefortia sibirica L.
Tragopogon soongaricus S.
Sibir ergu'ulge
Zu'ungaryn yamaansaxal
Tragopogon trachycarpus S. Nikit.
Arzgar-u'rt yamaansaxal
Tribulus terrestris L.
Zelen zanguu
Trientalis europaea L.
Trifolium eximium Fisch.
Evrop doloodoi
Sodon xoshoongor
Trifolium lupinaster L.
Shoshloirxog xoshoongor
Trifolium pratense L.
Mo'lxoo xoshoongor
Trifolium repens L.
Mo'lxoo xoshoongor
Trigonella cancellata Desf.
Torlog chireg
Trigonella geminiflora Bunge
Xostsetsegt chireg
Tripolium vulgare Nees.
Egel gurvalzai
Trollius asiaticus L.
Azyn zham'anm'adag
AS
Goat
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Horse
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
IIII
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
P
P
P
D
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
70
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Trollius asiaticus L. (cont.)
Trollius ledebourii Reichb.
Mongolian Name
Ledeburyn zham'anm'adag
Tugarinovia mongolica Iljin.
Mongol tugarinov
Urtica angustifolia Fisch.
Nariinnavchit xalgai
Urtica cannabina L.
Olslog xalgai
Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert.
Ispany tu'menturuu
Valeriana officinalis L.
Emyn bambai
Veratrum lobelianum Bernh.
Lobelyn balchirgana
Veratrum nigrum L.
Xar balchirgana
Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
Usny gandbadraa
Veronica beccabunga L.
Ulbaany gandbadraa
Veronica incana L.
Buural gandbadraa
Veronica linariifolia Pall.
Veronica longifolia L.
Zazhluurgannavchit
gandbadraa
Urtnavchit gandbadraa
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
N
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
N/A
Camel
Cattle
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
71
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Veronica longifolia L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Veronica pinnata L.
O'dlog gandbadraa
Veronica sibirica L.
Sibir gandbadraa
Veronica spuria L.
Xuurmag gandbadraa
Vicia amoena Fisch.
Xevleg gish
Vicia costata Ledeb.
Gu'rvent gish
Vicia cracca L.
Xulganyn gish
Vicia geminiflora Trautv.
Vicia megalotropis Ledeb.
Vicia multicaulis Ledeb.
Xostsetsegt gish
Tomzavit gish
Isherxeg gish
Vicia pseudorobus Fisch.
Xuuramchbuurtsaglai gish
Vicia sativa L.
Tarimal gish
Vicia unijuga A. Br.
Gantsxos gish
Vicia venosa (Willd.) Maxim.
Sudalt gish
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Horse
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
P
P
P
P
U
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
U
U
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
72
1
1
Scientific Name
Forbs (cont.)
Vincetoxicum sibiricum (L.) Decne.
Mongolian Name
AS
Sibir o'rondogno
Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.
Gmeliny nil
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin.
Sibir notsoogono
Youngia stenoma (Turcz.) Ledeb.
Youngia tenuifolia (Willd.)
Ziziphora pamiroalaica Juz.
Naryn yungi
Nariinnavchit yungi
Pamir-Altain zhavxaa
Zygophyllum kaschgaricum Boriss.
Xashgar xotir
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Shrubs
Ajania achilleodes (Turcz) Poljak.
To'logchduu borolzoi
Ajania fruticulosa Poljak.
So'ogontsor borolzoi
Ajania trifida Tzvel.
Gurvalsan borolzoi
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Kom.) Cheng.
Tso'onnavchit zhantag
Mongol mo'nxxargana
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
U
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
T
T
T
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
T
T
T
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
T
T
T
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
73
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Kom.) Cheng.
(cont.)
Mongolian Name
Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker.
Mongol buils
Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.
Bar'uult buils
Anabasis aphylla L.
Navchgui bagluur
Anabasis brevifolia C.A. Mey.
Anabasis elatior (C.A. Mey.) Schischk.
Axarnavchit bagluur
Sunagar bagluur
Anabasis eriopoda (Schrenk) Benth.
Noosonshilbet bagluur
Anabasis salsa (C.A. Mey.) Benth.
Anabasis truncata (Schrenk) Bunge
Martsny bagluur
Tanamal bagluur
Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam.
Sibir guils
Artemisia argyrophylla Ledeb.
Artemisia caespitosa Ledeb.
Mo'ngolognavchit sharilzh
Degnu'ult sharilzh
AS
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
T
T
U
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
T
T
U
N
D
D
N
U
N
D
D
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
T
T
U
N
D
D
N
U
N
D
D
N
D
T
T
T
T
T
U
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
T
T
U
N
U
N
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
74
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Artemisia caespitosa Ledeb. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Artemisia depauperata Krasch.
Artemisia dolosa Krasch.
Artemisia frigida Willd.
Yadmag sharilzh
Xuviramtgai sharilzh
O'lchir sharilzh
Artemisia gmelinii Web.
Artemisia gobica (Poljak.) Grub.
Gmeliny sharilzh
Govyn sharilzh
Artemisia gracilescens Krasch.
Nariivtar sharilzh
Artemisia halodendron Turcz.
Artemisia monostachya Bunge
Artemisia obtusiloba Ledeb.
Martsny sharilzh
Gantstu'ruut sharilzh
Moxoosalbant sharilzh
Artemisia pycnorhiza Ledeb.
Artemisia rutifolia Krasch.
U'ndserxeg sharilzh
Shuluunnavchit sharilzh
Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz.
Santolinnavchit sharilzh
Artemisia schisckinii Krasch.
Shishkiny sharilzh
Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb.
Shrenkyn sharilzh
Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch.
Bo'mbogorsagsag sharilzh
Artemisia sublessingiana Krasch.
Lessingynxerxu'u sharilzh
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
N/A
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
D
D
D
P
D
P
P
D
D
D
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
P
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
75
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Artemisia sublessingiana Krasch. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Artemisia terrae albae H. Krasch.
Tsagaan-gazryn sharilzh
Asterothamnus alyssoides (Turcz.) Novopokr.
Demeglei lavai
Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus Novopokr.
To'v-azyn lavai
Asterothamnus heteropappoides Novopokr.
Sogsoolzhin lavai
Asterothamnus molliusculus Novopokr.
Asterothamnus poliifolius Novopokr.
Astragalus chorinensis Bunge
Astragalus frigidus (L.) A. Gray
Astragalus fruticosus Pall.
Zo'olovtor lavai
Navchirxag lavai
Xori xunchir
O'lchir xunchir
So'ogon xunchir
Astragalus kaufmannii Kryl.
Astragalus melilotoides Pall.
Kaupmany xunchir
Xoshoonxoi xunchir
Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge
Sarislag xunchir
Astragalus mongolicus Bunge
Mongol xunchir
Astragalus penduliflorus Lam.
Du'uzhignuur xunchir
Astragalus rytidocarpus Ledeb.
Astragalus tenuis Turcz.
U'rchigerbuurtsagt xunchir
Nariin xunchir
AS
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
N
N
U
U
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
76
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
1
Mongolian Name
Atraphaxis bracteata A. Los.
Tsetsgyn dagavart
emgenshilbe
Atraphaxis compacta Ledeb.
Atraphaxis pungens (M. Bieb.) Jaub. & Spach.
N'agt emgenshilbe
O'rgost emgenshilbe
Atraphaxis spinosa L.
Shivu'urt emgenshilbe
Atraphaxis virgata (Regel) Krasn.
Savaan emgenshilbe
Bassia dasyphylla Kuntz.
U'sleg mananxamxag
Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Ktze.
Baluunnavchit mananxamxag
Betula exilis Sukacz.
Turixan xus
Betula fruticosa Pall.
So'ogon xus
Betula fusca Pall.
Bor xus
Betula humilis Schrank.
Navtgar xus
AS
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
T
U
U
T
T
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
T
U
U
T
T
N
N
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
U
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
77
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Betula microphylla Bunge
Mongolian Name
AS
B'atsxannavchit xus
Betula rezniczenkoana (Litv.) Schischk.
Reznichenkogyn xus
Betula rotundifolia Spach.
To'grognavchit xus
Brachanthemum gobicum Krasch.
Govyn tost
Brachanthemum mongolicum Krasch.
Brachanthemum mongolorum Grub.
Mongol tost
Mongolzhin tost
Calligonum gobicum Bunge
Govyn azar
Calligonum junceum L.
Golo'vsduu azar
Calligonum. mongolicum Turcz.
Mongol azar
Camphorosma lessingii Litw.
Lessingyn gavarzhin
Caragana arborescens Lam.
O'dlog xargana
Caragana brachypoda Pojark.
Xoirog xargana
Caragana bungei Ledeb.
Bungyn xargana
Caragana cinerea Kom.
Caragana gobica Sancz.
Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir.
Xo'xomdog xargana
Govyn xargana
Delt xargana
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
N
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
D
D
U
D
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
T
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
D
N
U
N
U
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
78
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Caragana korshinskii Kom.
Korzhinskyn xargana
Caragana leucophloea Pojark.
Ulaan xargana
Caragana microphylla Lam.
Zhizhignavchit xargana
Caragana pygmaea (L.) DC.
Odoi xargana
Caragana spinosa (L.) DC.
O'rgost xargana
Caragana stenophylla Pojark.
Narynnavchit xargana
Caragana tibetica Kom.
Caryopteris mongolica Bunge
To'vd xargana
Mongol dogor
Ceratocarpus arenarius L.
Elsny seetelzh
Ceratoides eversmaniana Botsch.
Eversmanny teseg
Ceratoides papposa Botsch.
Tsomtsogt teseg
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
IIII
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
P
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
P
D
D
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
P
D
D
U
U
N
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
P
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
79
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Chenopodium frutescens C.A. Mey.
Mongolian Name
AS
So'ogon luuli
Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herb.
Zavadskyn nartsag
Convolvulus gortscakovii Schrenk.
Gorshakovyn sedergene
Convolvulus tragacanthoides Turcz.
O'rgost sedergene
Crataegus dahurica Koeh.
Crataegus sanguinea Pall.
Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl.
Daguur doloogono
Chas-ulaan doloogono
Murkroptyn zhigd
Empetrum sibiricum V. Vassil.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge
Sibir xararts
Shivleexy zeergene
Ephedra fedtschenkoi Tzvel.
Ephedra glauca Regel.
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk.
Ephedra lomatolepis Schrenk.
Ephedra monosperma S.G. Gmel.
Fedtsheinkogyn zeergene
Zegel (xo'xolbi) zeergene
Zavsaryn zeergene
Emzheert-xairslag zeergene
Gants-u'rt (yamaan) zeergene
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf.
Przhewalskyn zeergene
Ephedra sinica Stapf.
Nang'aad zeergene
Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim.
Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss.
Przhevalskyn chargai
Mo'ngolog xonxotxargana
Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb.
Borgotsoilog shargas
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Elk
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
N
U
N
U
D
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
U
T
T
T
T
U
U
U
T
T
T
T
N
N
U
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
T
N
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
T
N
T
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
80
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge
Mongolian Name
AS
Tsagaanmodot zag
Haplophyllum dauricum (L.) A. Juss.
Hedysarum fruticosum Pall.
Daguur xu'zh-ovs
Zooson shimers
Hedysarum inundatum Turcz.
Iljinia regelii (Bunge) Korov.
Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch.
Zhivu'uxei shimers
Regelyn ilin
Xuuramch xasag arts
Juniperus sabina L.
Xasag arts
Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.
Sibir (yamaan) arts
Kalidium caspicum (L.) Ung.-Sternb.
Kalidium cuspidatum (Ung.-Sternb.)
Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq.
Kaspyn sharbudargana
Sho'vgor sharbudargana
Navchirxag sharbudargana
Kalidium gracile Fenzl.
Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.
Goolig sharbudargana
Delxee togtorgono
Ledum palustre L.
Namgyn surgar
Linnaea borealis L.
Umardyn linnei
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
IIII
D
D
D
N
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
P
U
D
U
P
D
P
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
N
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
N
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
U
U
N
N
N
N
U
P
U
D
U
P
D
P
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
81
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Linnaea borealis L. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Lonicera altaica Pall.
Altain dalanxalis
Lonicera turczaninovii Pojark.
Turchaninovyn dalanxalis
Myricaria alopecuroides Schrenk
U'negensuulxei balgana
Myricaria longifolia (Willd.) Ehrenb.
Urtnavchit balgana
Nitraria roborowskii Kom.
Robovskyn xarmag
Nitraria sibirica Pall.
Sibir xarmag
Nitraria. sphaerocarpa Maxim.
Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz.
Oxytropis acanthacea Jurtz.
Oxytropis aciphylla Ledeb.
Arzgar-u'rt xarmag
Zhizhigzhimset tsangis
Shivu'urt ortuuz
O'rgost ortuuz
Oxytropis Grubovii Ulzij.
Oxytropis kossinskyi B.Fedtsch. & Basil.
Oxytropis tragacanthoides Fisch.
Padus asiatica Kom.
Grubovyn ortuuz
Kosinskyn ortuuz
Tragaxantarxuu ortuuz
Azyn monos
Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz.
So'ogon borolzgono
Pentaphylloides parvifolia Ehrh.
Zhizhignavchit borolzgono
AS
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
N/A
N/A
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Goat
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Camel
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
U
U
N
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
N
D
U
N
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
N
U
U
N
N
D
U
N
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
82
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Pentaphylloides parvifolia Ehrh. (cont.)
Mongolian Name
Potaninia mongolica Maxim.
Xulan xoirgo
Reamuria songorica (Pall.) Maxim.
Zu'ungaryn ulaanbudargana
Rhodococcum vitis-idaea (L.)
Rhododendron adamsii Rehd.
Rhododendron dahuricum L.
Rhododendron parvifolium Adam.
Ribes altissimum Turcz.
Ribes diacanthum Pall.
Alirs
Adamsyn terelzh
Daguur terelzh
Zhizhignavchit terelzh
O'ndor ulaagana
Shivu'urt ulaagana
Ribes fragrans Pall.
Anxil ulaagana
Ribes nigrum L.
Xar ulaagana
Ribes pulchellum Turcz.
Ribes rubrum L.
Goo ulaagana
Ulaan ulaagana
Rosa acicularis Lindl.
O'rgost sarnai
Rosa dahurica Pall.
Daguur sarnai
Rubus arcticus L.
Tuilyn bo'orolzgono
Rubus sachalinensis Levl.
Saxaliny bo'orolzgono
AS
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Deer
Deer
N/A
Elk
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Elk
Deer
Elk
N/A
Cattle
Elk
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Cattle
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
D
N
U
N
U
U
D
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
N
N
N
D
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
N
N
N
D
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
N
U
U
D
N
N
N
U
U
U
N
U
U
U
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
N
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
N
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
N
D
D
D
U
N
U
N
U
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
83
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Rubus sachalinensis Levl. (cont.)
Rubus saxatilis L.
Salix glauca L.
Mongolian Name
Asgany bo'orolzgono
Zegel burgas
Salix ledebouriana Trautv.
Ledevuryn burgas
Salix miyabeana Seemen.
Miabyn burgas
Salix pyrolifolia Ledeb.
Tuuraiduunavchit burgas
Salix rorida Laksch.
Shu'udert burgas
Salsola collina Pall.
Xar budargana
Salsola arbuscula Pall.
Salsola laricifolia (Turcz.) Litw.
Salsola passerina Bunge
Modlg budargana
Shineserxu'u budargana
Bor budargana
Sambucus manshurica Kitag.
Sambucus sibirica Nakai
Manzhuuryn gandigar
Sibir gandigar
Scorzonera divaricata Turcz.
Derevger xavisgana
Scorzonera pseudodivaricata Lipsch.
Xuuramch derevger xavisgana
Spiraea alpina Pall.
Tagyn tavilgana
AS
Sheep
Cattle
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Camel
Camel
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Deer
IIII
N
U
N
D
D
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
D
U
P
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
U
N
D
D
N
N
N
D
U
N
N
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
N
U
U
N
D
D
N
N
N
D
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
U
U
D
U
N
U
U
N
U
N
N
N
D
D
D
D
N
N
U
N
D
D
N
N
U
D
U
U
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
P
N
U
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
84
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Spiraea aquilegifolia Pall.
Mongolian Name
AS
Udvalnavchit tavilgana
Spiraea flexuosa Fisch.
Taxir tavilgana
Spiraea hypericifolia L.
Tsegtsu'uxeinavchit tavilgana
Spiraea media Fr. Schm.
Spiraea salicifolia L.
Dund tavilgana
Burgasnavchit tavilgana
Sympegma regelii Bunge
Regelyn sharmod
Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge
Tamarix elongata Ledeb.
Artsan suxai
Gooxgor suxai
Tamarix gracilis Willd.
Goolig suxai
Tamarix hispida Willd.
Arzgar suxai
Tamarix karelinii Bunge
Kareliny suxai
Tamarix laxa Willd.
Siireg suxai
Tamarix leptostachys Bunge
Nariintu'ruut suxai
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.
Mo'chirxog suxai
Vaccinium uliginosum L.
Namgyn ners
Viburnum mongolicum (Pall.) Rehd.
Mongol bu'relgene
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Deer
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Horse
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Deer
Elk
N/A
IIII
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
D
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
P
P
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
N
P
P
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
D
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
85
1
1
Scientific Name
Shrubs (cont.)
Viburnum sargentii Koehn.
Zygophyllum brachypterum Kar. & Kir.
Mongolian Name
AS
Sarzhentyn burelgene
Axardevu'urt xotir
Zygophyllum gobicum Maxim.
Zygophyllum kaschgaricum Boriss.
Zygophyllum potaninii Maxim.
Zygophyllum pterocarpum Bunge
Govyn xotir
Xashgar xotir
Potaniny xotir
Devu'urt xotir
Zygophyllum rosovii Bunge
Rozovyn xotir
Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (Bunge) Maxim.
Sharmodot xotir
N/A
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
N/A
N/A
Camel
Camel
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Goat
Sheep
Trees
Betula platyphylla Sukacz.
Xavtagnavchit xus
Hippophae rhaminoides L.
Yashilduu chatsargana
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
Zhimsgenet alim
Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel.
Odoi nars
Pinus sibirica Du Tour.
Sibiryn xush
Populus diversifolia Schrenk.
Eldevnavchit ul'aas
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
N
N
N
N
N
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
N
N
N
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
N
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
D
U
U
U
N
N
N
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
D
D
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
U
N
N
U
D
U
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
86
1
1
Scientific Name
Trees (cont.)
Populus diversifolia Schrenk. (cont.)
Populus laurifolia Ledeb.
Mongolian Name
Lavarnavchit ul'aas
Populus pilosa Rehder.
U'sleg ul'aas
Populus suaveolens Fisch.
Anxiluun ul'aas
Salix caprea L.
Yamaan burgas
Salix dasyclados Wimm.
Ungiralnailzuurt burgas
Salix microstachya Turcz.
B'atsganmoltsogt burgas
Salix pseudopentandra (Flod.) Flod.
Xuuramchtavandox'uurt
burgas
Salix rosmarinifolia L.
Agaligalimansuu burgas
AS
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Reindeer
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
U
N
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
D
U
U
U
Camel
Deer
Elk
Goat
Sheep
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Goat
Horse
Reindeer
Sheep
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
D
D
U
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
87
1
1
Scientific Name
Trees (cont.)
Salix viminalis L.
Mongolian Name
AS
Savaan burgas
Sorbus sibirica Hedl.
Sibir tes
Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg.
Yapon xailaas
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Camel
Cattle
Deer
Elk
Goat
Horse
Sheep
Lichens
Cetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Ach.
Butlag xag
Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach.
Butlag xag
Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh.
Cladonia arbuscula Rabenh.
Tsagaan shulan
Butlag xag
Cladonia mitis Sandst.
Butlag xag
Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Web.
Xar shulan
Cladonia stellaris (Opiz.) Pouzar & Vezda.
Butlag xag
Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach.
Xadny xag
Elk
Reindeer
Elk
Reindeer
Reindeer
Elk
Reindeer
Elk
Reindeer
Elk
Reindeer
Elk
Reindeer
Reindeer
IIII
IVVI
VIIIX
XXII
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
N
U
N
U
D
U
D
U
D
U
D
D
D
U
D
U
U
D
N
U
N
U
D
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
D
U
D
U
U
D
U
U
N
U
P
P
P
P
D
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
D
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
D
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
P
P
P
P
D
P
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
Palatability: P = preferred, D = desirable, U = consumed but undesirable, N = not consumable, T = toxic, and N/A = information not available
88
References
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