-1I-
6.541J Handout
04/22/04
worcD
?iLrg-
ie rASL
In1
in rLk ling sp cVl
itc
ALu..
buy
words
Table 4. Lexical representations for the words sudden and help. The syllable structure of
s
s = syllable, so = onset, r = rime).
each word is schematized at the top (o
o
r
r
r
o
"··
vowel
glide
consonant
stressed
reducible
continuant
sonorant
strident
lips
tongue blade
tongue body
round
anterior
lateral
high
low
back
tense
spread glottis
s
Vowel >
Glide
Consonant
+
Stressed
Reducible
. +
v
.
o
r
n
h
r
o
∈ 1
p
-i-
+
+
+
+
+
+
Continuant
+
Sonorant
Strident
+
Lips
Tongue blade+
Tongue
body
+
+
+
Round
+
+
Anterior
Lateral
High
Low
+
+
Back
Tense
Spread Glottis
Nasal +
Stiff vocal
folds
d
e
/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
nasal
Lexical representations
for the words sudden
and help.
+
+
_{
_
._
.~~~
The syllable structure of each word is schematized at the
top ( s = syllable, o = onset, r = rime).
stiff vocal folds
IIR-
I-
tes
'9t
rLK
al to & Y---\P
OAA- \r~
W Ai
\a~rie:
i-
5_
~ ,xL~Jat
: oa
av,'z
\n
~
T.
t n&mTaxks
I
I Time (msl
--
I
I,--
-
-3N
E[L
tr
mr
,
' '
s'°
'r-
r
C
o 'o
c:n aE
E
vn
, 9Lf 3M vz
E3r-,,c
'
S
tI il1
N
00
0
0
'O
-°,r )
iI,
x-
4n
t
2NCo
0 liii
11 ,
C0 ,v
wi
3
N-
~I
ts
° <
t-n*E
o
C
A
rI
c
_N
r v
o
v
8
r
- '0o- o
3
0
ti
V,
Er
0
0
'/-.
i
0
a,
0
00
I--
0
'0
/011~1\
(up) dwV -le
r
8o0
~o
N
£
v~" r
t-
i
E
°
A:
i
v.L
m8
i)
CD
o
CD
0D
0
9,
N
0
vo
co~~ £° !t
m
E or'
Co I II II
v..-Ci0
I
I
(gP) WY¥ -1Tl
a=
v))L
6
v
n
> ow
w
o1
I
II
m V);
d
- - - -; X~~~~
/It
i
0
0
._
' I-kc
~~~-
N
N
i
O
o
I __ _
0
0)
o
2
0
0)
N
aa)
0
~~~~~~~~~f
/
_
_ < /
__ /
=_
_
_ 7c
0i -,2,
< I¢ 8
=: 6 t
0
o
(CP)
od
(BP) JWV ?9
---------------------------------------
D
8
o
0
00
0
0
(Sp)
cd'V
1t'I
00
01
0
'0
0c
C
C0
'o
I
<
BV V\ea
e of v' Ai\ i t
Simple Model
BtiCti,).
Bpr
pe-cAI
c
look at
Phonological
Representations
.·c
Planning Stage
s;uhp
I
de
1
Discrete
Representation
Gesture Calculations
Continuous
gestures
Discrete
epresentation
Vocal Apparatus
Continuous gestures
Sound Output
A Planning Stage is added to the basic component in the Figure before.
Figure 2. A Planning Stage is added to the basic components in Figure 1.
.A,
~
~~
~
~
~
~
i
iO .S~t
(b)
R
C
F
1
0
200
400
Time (ms)
---
600
0
200
400
Time (ms)
_7_
-600
800
IC__-··-·---·-------1IIIII··I-PC-
cra;~r
5
(C)
4
i i i~;
53
-
f
0
0
it+- A
T
400
Time (ms)
Time (ms)
Time (ms)
-
OZU
I
(b)
I
c
91
U
u00
5
f- -
5
1-i
0o
bUU
400
Time (ms)
I)
· 4
(b)
..I
4
4
53.
r-
31t
M
ZTs
uL
c
a,
-LL
1
0
0
n
200
400
Time (ms)
_·rPl______sCC____I___ll__q______
600
o0
600
Time (ms)
---
I-,
%
,J
5
I
3
u
"-2
1
n
%/
r~
U
400
600
Time (ms)
zU0
800
I I-
r-------
~-----
r
(b)
5
&L co·
ct
if
U
-r
v
c
a,
2
qPj
LL
800
UU
Time (ms)
I-
!--
5
1000
l
'I
(a)
d)
ljfflXl"f E
4
¶
I,
(b)
A
4
3
Ii;
u
I
e1
-2
o2
2!
0
4VUu
U
oUU
Time (ms)
b1 ctN
--c-
----
-f-----~------
bass
LUU
4UU
Time (ms)
6uu
rSUU
Oaa
\ryx MODEL
REVISED
jU
Language Specific
Component
Universal Component
Phonological
Representations
Planning Stage
Enhancement
Discrete
Representation
with flags
Gesture Calculations
Enhancement
Gesture Calculations
Continuous
gestures
Vocal Apparatus
,estures
Sound Output
Figure 4. Enhancement and Enhancement Gesture Calculations are
Enhancement and Enhancement Gesture
Calculations are added to the 'Simple Model' figure. The Enhancement
added to Figure 2. The Enhancement component augments Planning Stage
component augments Planning Stage
representations
by flagging
features. Enhancement gestures are
representations by flagging relevant
features.relevant
Enhancement gestures are
calculated for these flagged features.
calculated for these flagged features.
Universal Component
Phonological
Representations
Language Specific
Component
Enhancement
Planning Stage
Gesture Calculations
Discrete
Representation
with flags
Enhancement
Gesture
Calculations
Discrete
Continuous representation
with flags
representation
Overlap
Vocal Apparatus
Sound Output
_
-·II·-(llliPllgCC-1
Continuous
representation
(2Oe
a-p
E
E
F
N
AII
u,
*d4
m
N
0
--
(zMH)Abuanbaij
f".
$7?
.
(,aP) cJWV-19
N
m,
0
41
m A>
(Up) dWIV Ah'd
0
0o
<0
0
m
0
10
0
_-T
__CI
I
sll_
_r___
a
5
4
2:
0
"-2
I
1
a
200
Figure 10.5 Spectrogram of the sentence I can't go up to Sweden (male speaker), illustrating
modifications of consonants when they occur in a sequence of two or more consonants. The text
discusses the sequences /nt#g/ (400 to 550 ms), /p#t/ (700 to 850 ms), /sw/ (1000 to 1150 ms),
and /dn/ (1200 to 1270 ms).
Courtesy of MIT Press. Used with permission.
Developing a cohort of words and reexamine the signal
Acoustic input
Peripheral auditory
processing
Landmark detection
Intended
word
sequence
Compare
Synthesize
landmarks and parameters
Hypothesize
word sequences
Extract acoustic parameters
and cues in the vicinity
of landmarks
Estimate feature bundles and
syllable structure
Match to Lexicon
Lexicon
-
-·c"---------------------~~-~~~