Helena area stoneware slip glazes
by Doris Jean Strachan
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Master of Applied Art
Montana State University
© Copyright by Doris Jean Strachan (1954)
Abstract:
Land surrounding Helena, Montana, was explored for clay and sands for us as stoneware glasses.
Samples were collect- ed from serveral areas and from different types of locations, such as lake and
river banks, read cuts and rocky hill sides.
A Map is included which shows the main areas explored and locations from which successful samples
were taken.
The sample were fired at cone 9 cone and cone 10 to discover their potential use as glasses. Those
which appeared to pos- sess suitable color and texture possibilities were selected for further testing.
When alteration of the color or texture appeared desirable or necessary, natural or commeically refined material was added.
As a result of the tests a stoneware glaze palette with color ranging from tan to black and texture
ranging from shiny to matt was obtained. This palette is suitable for re- duction firing. A limited
stoneware glass palette suitable for oxidation firing was also obtained. Information concern- ing the
formulas, firing tempatures, and results of the tests are recorded in the form of data sheets.
A number of colored alides of test cups and pots glazed with the natural glasses are also included. HBtaNA AREA ammrmA @L%p .G&azss
'
'
-
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- ,
DORIS JEAN STRAGHM
- & mB8*8,
.
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Babbitted to the Qcedamte Faculty
i#
p&rt&al eulflllm eat o2 the eegMlremeat
for the degree of
Master of Applied Art
at
Moatmma sta te College
Approved:
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CEeBaSmT
c & a itte e
Wmouate" oavisim s^
Botemam* Bomtarna
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2.
TABLE OF CONTESTS
T itle page
I
Acknowledgments
3
Abstract
4
Introduction
5
Statement of the Problem
12
Procedure
13
Data Sheets
1$
Conclusion
54
Appendices
I
Map of areas explored fo r n atu ral glaze m aterials
II
Colored slid e s of te s t cups and pots glazed with
III
56
n atu ral m aterial glazes
57
L iteratu re
&0
cited
3«
\0
ACKROWLEDOEXEKTS
I m deeply Indebted to the facu lty of the Art Depart­
ment o f Montana State College including %r. C yril Hs Conradf
Ml33 Jayne V&n Alatynef Miss Je ssie Wilber, Hr, Robert DeWeesef and esp ecially IHas Frances Senakaf a l l o f whom con­
trib u ted so generously of th e ir time and e ffo rt in assistin g
me in the planning, revising and completion o f th is th e sis.
Peter H« Voulkosf his w ife, Peggy, and Bidy Autiof with
vhom I was so closely associated a t The P ottery, were a con­
sta n t source of in sp ira tio n and, without th e ir encouragement
and enthusiasm, the hours spent doing experiments could not
have been h a lf so enjoyable or rewarding.
To the la te Archie Bray, S r ., founder of the Archie
Bray Foundation, and the Board o f D irectors of the Founda­
tio n , I am very g rate fu l fo r placing a l l the f a c i lit ie s of
The P ottery a t my disposal fo r use in the testin g o f natu­
r a l glaze m aterials.
I also wish to thank Hiss Lesley Reathcote and Hr.
Verne Dusenberry fo r th e ir aid in arranging and revising
the contents o f th is th e s is .
The typing was done by Mrs. Gretchen Kelly, Mrs. A. E.
Johnson and Hiss Margaret Whitcomb.
I w ill never be able to express in words the gratitude
I fe e l fo r the help given me by my parents.
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d&ameoiag s lip deoor&ted pottery of the early mew England
pottore* JoW #argo stated 3 *3& the mamfacturo of common
pottery* s lip 1# need fo r two main pmgpoaea* !Ftxar one thing a
local olay need for the body of the were often present# a
ooerse or un&ttmotive appearance*. - This m y -Ibat overcome by
gW ng i t $s coating of slip made from a finer clay o f better
appeariwce* The body (tawaar need m y Sxax inferior not; ,Lsi
SKHWie only*, but from the standpoint of n W lty as well ^ ##& the
application of the outer coating of 31 enperier clay may be
dictated by th at eoneidaratlon rather than th at of appearance*
%&i» may be called the primary nee of elip* The eecondary nee
la for decorative affect* . The nae of clay# of contrasting
colors in order to obtain ornamental affect# baa been pr&o*ticed by potter# in a l l lands and Ages^*
for centuries the potters of the Bast have need slip# not
only for decoration but alee fo r gla$e& Ssrbert 8+ Sanders in
■
hi# a rtic le p o tte ry form and Beeoratlve Techniques** relate#
h* John Sparge* Barly American Pottery and Bhlna« S>4 Apple*
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7*
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jpotWea taste- p^od&ee pottery #%# #e&#' m*a maGy&sBt WL, ia
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o f w t i a t eeaftmea e&& Bt&dlo
potters oa% not prodaoo ,pottery in mass .#abtltiS8* Btwvey,
^Vi
mob pettep ebmld f#e& bis eeapom iblllty W ard,
tbs
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SAKPLL i.-22 co a t’d
of the road, one tenth o f a mile from Lakeside on the road to
the Trout Creek Bridge.
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DATA SHEET
IiCrIEi
SAHPLE #25
COLLECTED CCTCBER 1953
A ll ingredients measured by weight.
Test
No. -Cone F ire Test ,C&apoaltlorx.....
Test Results___________
25
3
0.
#25
dark brown, opaque,
bubbled, very rough
25
10
0.
same
dark brown, opaque,
medium g r it t y , thick
bubbled, very rough
General Location - Area I
The te stin g o f Sample #25 was discontinued a t th is point be­
cause another sample fir in g dark brown and showing greater
p o s s ib i l i t i e s was obtained.
50.
DATA SHEET
SAMPLE #26
COLLECTED OCTCBEK 1953
NCTEs All ingredients measured by weight.
Teat
ilQ^-Cofle Fire lest. Conposltlon
_ Test Kesults________
26
10
0.
#26
thin-medium brown,
transparent, shiny|
thick-black, opaque,
shiny
26
10
B.
same
medium green, opaque,
matt
General Location - Area 5
The testin g o f Sample #26 was discontinued a t th is point be­
cause other samples firin g medium brown and green and
showing greater p o s s ib ilitie s were obtained.
51*
mm m m
a m # # 087
m tm m m g w a m 1 %
611 ajRa%%#&*&&&&8 *B@@awdpea by weight*
%98t
27
8
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8880
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27e 10
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J
.....____________________________________
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55.
tire fin e In grain and contain only a small amount of such
foreign m aterial as rocks*
I feel th a t I have benefited In a number of ways from
t-he te stin g of n atu ral glaze m aterials,
I gained not only a
su itab le glaze p a le tte fo r my own work but also something I
consider to be of equal Importance, th a t Is a greater appre­
c ia tio n for Nature and what she o ffers to e l l p o tters In
m aterials as w ell as In sp ira tio n ,
I hope th a t the data con­
tained in th is th e sis w ill be of some value to other p o tte rs ,
located not only In the Helena area but throughout the s ta te ,
and th a t i t may encourage a l l p o tte rs to ex p lo it natural re ­
sources in th e ir v ic in itie s .
I t i s also hoped th a t a l l who
read th is th e sis may gain a b e tte r understanding of and
appreciation fo r glazes made from n a tu ra l, unrefined m ateri­
a ls .
Appm)ix i
MAP
Belov Is a tap Vblcth shows the fiv e areas from which
naqples were taken fo r testin g and the general lo catio n of
the m aterials which make up the glazes in the glaze p a le tte .
The sp ecific lo catio n fo r these m aterials i s given on the
data sheets.
HAUSER DAM
TROUT
) CREEK
BRIDGE
LAKE
HELENA
H ELEN A
u n io n v il l e
COX LAKE
AREA
AREA
AREA
AREA
AREA
I. EZ3
ZCZl
5Cd
4. C d
5. C d
is
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aoelppa college BRUet&o* d m rm m t,
1993
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
762 10020623 2