Master plan for landscape development of the Montana State College campus
by Richard Leland Post
A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE in Horticulture
Montana State University
© Copyright by Richard Leland Post (1964)
Abstract:
A master landscape plan was developed for the Montana State College Campus= Enlarged maps were
made of individual buildings, groups of buildings and some open space areas= All of the existing plants
on the campus were identified, catalogued and located on the maps. The existing plants were used in
their present location in most cases. However, it was necessary to replace some plants that were out of
place or did not fit into the landscape design.
All new plants were selected on the basis of their form, hardiness, and period of display. Their
compatability and relationship to the kind and location of building was also considered. The map for
each unit is labelled so that anyone familiar with landscape design can initiate and develop the
landscaping program.
Changes in the present landscape plans were suggested, and in some cases a completely new plan of
design was recommended.
In each case where major changes or new plans were made, the author has given his’ reasons for such
changes. In all cases an attempt was made to improve the appearance of the individual buildings and
the campus as a whole.
A plan for the establishment of an arboretum was presented. The -arboretum would provide visitors,
faculty and students with an area on the campus where they could observe a large display of named
ornamental plants. It would also serve as an experimental area for the testing of new plants.
It was suggested that the best procedure for carrying out the landscape plans would be to complete a
unit at a time, rather than partially completing several units.
A general plan was suggested for the care and maintenance of the ornamental plants and open spaces in
order to maintain the aesthetic value of the campus. MASTER PLAN FQR LANDSCAPE; DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MONTANA STATE'COLLEGE- CAMPUS
by
RICHARD LELAND POST
A th/esis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree '■
of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
Horticulture
Approved;
Head, Major Department
Chairman, Examining Committee
MONTANA STATE COLLEGE
Bozeman, Montana
August, !$64
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wishes to express his appreciation to Professors H. N=
Metcalf and G 0 E. Evans for advice and constructive criticism during the
course of this study.
Special thanks to M 0 A 0 Whalen in initiating this study, and for the
help and use of equipment„
Thanks also to D r 0 E 0 E 0 Hehn, Head of Plant and Soil Science Dept.
Dr= M 0 M 0 Afanasiev, F. Senska and D. Wessel.
The author is also very much indebted to Dr. A 0 H. Post for all the
suggestions and advice given to make possible the completion of this work.
ii
(
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1
VITA . . . . . . . . . .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
. . . .
TABLE OF CONTENTS
. . .
o
o
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e
o
e
e
o
e
o
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*
o
o
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iii
IJLST OF T A B L E S ........
v
LIST OF APPENDIX PLATES
vi
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . .
o
®
»
®
o
e
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e
o
e
o
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o
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•
o
2
INTRODUCTION . . . . . .
LITERATURE REVIEW
viii
. . .
e
o
e
e
e
o
3
.
o
o
o
»
o
e
7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .
o
o
<*
o
o
®
18
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Garfield Boulevard
o
o
e
e
o
a
o
o
o
o
o
o
*
*
.
.
*
*
.
*
*
.
o
o
o
o
e
o
o
o
o
19
0
0
*
*
*
0
0
0
0
19
Student Union
*
*
*
o
®
o
o
*
o
#
*
*
*
*
Library
20
@
o
0
o
o
o
o
«
o
*
o
*
o
*
®
*
*
Eeid Hall
o
o
e
e
®
»
e
e
e
e
o
o
e
»
o
e
0
*
*
Eoberts Hall
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
®
o
o
®
®
e
o
o
o
o
e
o
Hamilton Hall
o
o
o
e
o
»
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
Montana Hall
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
e
o
o
o
®
o
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
o
o
o
Hannon Hall 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 *
0
0
Herriclc Hall
0
0
O
0
LeWl-S Ha,IH-0
0
o
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
e
*
o
*
Lawn Area North of Hamilton Hall
e
o
*
*
o
*
‘»
*
* * * *
Lawri Area North West of Montana Hall
iii .
*' «
0
0
21
o
o
o
21
o
o
o
o
22
e
o
o
o
o
23
o
e
o
o
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
*
0
0
0
24
O
'O
O
0
0
0
0
0
*
O
0
0
O
0
O
0
o
O
0
O
0
23
25
26
Page
Agriculture Building o * . * . * . . * . . 0 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 .
26
■Quadrangle o . . . . * * . . . . * . * . . * . . . . . . . *
2*7
Hapner Hall
2*7
o . o o o o o . o o o o o o . o . o o . o o o . o
Psr*ade Field
28
Lewis and Clark Hall o ? . * * . . . . * . . * * * . * . . *
28
Langford Hall
. o o . . . . * . . . . . . . * . . . . . . .
28
Greenhouses, o . . . * . * . . * . * * . . . . . . * . . * *
29
Chemistry and Television Building.
29
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
o
.
New Chemistry Building . . . . . . o . . . . . . . . * . . =
29
Gymnasium.
. . . . . .
31
Math9 Physics Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
..
0
Ryan Lah . . o o o o . o . o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Service Shop 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
Gatton Field * 0 0 . . . ^ . . . o . . . . . .
31
1
. . . . . . . .
Health and Physical Educational Building
32
Arhoretum 0 o o o o . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . .
32
SUMMARY o o e o o o o o e e o e e o e o . o o o e e e o o e . e o
35
LITERATURE CITED
37
o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX...................................... ............ .. - « •
iv
39
LIST GF TABLES
Page
TABLE I.
Trees Used
Both existing and new plants»
10
Table H o
Shrubs Used
Both existing and new plants shrubs.
13
v.
Z
LIST CF' APPENDIX PLATES
Page
Plate I
Student .'Union
40
Plate II
Library
4l
Plate III
Heid Hall and Chemistry Building
42
Plate IV
Roberts Hall
Plate V
Park South of Hannon Hall and Quadrangle
44
Plate VI
Montana Hall and Hamilton Hall
45
Plate VII
Lewis Hall
46
Plate VIII
Hannon Hall
4?
Plate IX
Herrick Hall and Chapel
48
Plate X
Lavm Area North of Hamilton Hall
49
Plate XI
Lavm Area Northwest of Montana Hall
50
Plate XII
Agriculture Building
51
Plate XlII
Hapner Hall and Greenhouse
52
Plate XIV
Parade Field South of Lewis and Clark Hall and
Chemistry and TV Building
53
Plate XV
Lewis and Clark Hall
54
Plate XVl
Langford Hall and Barracks
55
Plate XVII
New Chemistry Building
56
Plate XVIII
Gymnasium
57
Plate XIX
Math Physics Building
58
Plate XX
Eyan Lab
59
Plate XXI
Service Shop
60
■ 43
ip
vi
^ '
Page
Plate XXII
Gatton Field and Garfield Boulevard
61
Plate XXIII
H & PE Center
62
Plate XXIV
Arboretum
63
vii
ABSTRACT
A master landscape plan was developed for the Montana State College
Campus= Enlarged maps were made of individual buildings, groups of build.ings and some open space areas= All of the existing plants on the campus
were identified, catalogued and located on the maps. The existing plants
were used in their present location in most cases. However, it was nec­
essary to replace some plants that were out of place or did not fit into
the landscape design.
All new plants were selected on the basis of their form, hardiness,
and period of display. Their compatability and relationship to the kind
and location of building was also considered. The map for each unit is
labelled so that anyone familiar with landscape design can initiate and
'develop the landscaping program.
Changes in the present landscape plans were suggested, and in some
cases a completely new plan of design was recommended.
In each case where major changes or new plans were made, the author
has given his’ reasons for such changes. In all cases an attempt was made
to improve the appearance of the individual buildings and the campus as a
whole.
A plan for the establishment of an arboretum was presented. The
-arboretum would provide visitors,- faculty and students with an area on
the campus where they could observe a large display of named ornamental
plants. It would also serve as an experimental area for the testing of
new plants.
It was suggested that the best procedure for carrying out the land­
scape plans would be to complete a unit at a time, rather than partially
completing several units.
A general plan was suggested, for the care and maintenance of the
ornamental plants and open spaces in order to maintain the aesthetic value
of the campus.
viii
2
INTRODUCTION
The original landscape or building plan for the Montana State College
Campus was prepared by Cass Gilbert, an architect in New York City,
Many
changes in this plan have been made in recent years as a result of the
construction of new buildings and the relocation
of streets and walks.
Recently it was determined that a master plan of landscape development
should be prepared for the campus.
The objective of such.a plan was to
create a functional design for a campus which would be a pleasant place
to live and work, and where a study of the selection and placing of plant
materials would have some educational value.
In the past the campus landscaping has b e e n 'done in a partial or
piece-meal basis, with no renewal program.
To cite an instance, many
x plants have outgrown their site and become unsightly.
Because of this
many plants have outgrown their original sites and in other areas plants
have died and not been replaced, so that the lack of a plan is obvious.
It seems desirable that the campus should have a park-like atmosphere
with areas for play and relaxation in addition to the improvement in the
appearance of the buildings.
It was the purpose of this study to develop
a landscape plan for the entire campus, keeping in mind its present condi­
tion and future expansion.
Special emphasis was given to the preparation
of a design that considered recreational areas, aesthetic values, comput­
ability of plant materials, and the relation of the materials to the
building sites.
It was also necessary to catalogue all plants now grown
on the campus' and to consider the introduction of new genera and species.
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
In designing landscapes, the design is often a matter of personal
tastes rather than a strict adherence to rules=
Large area designs such
as might be developed for commercial sites, community parks and college
campus have not been reported in the literature to any great extent=
However, many of the principles considered when landscaping homes can be
used for larger areas*
Gardening and landscaping are closely related and have been for many
years=
Wright (16) states in his history of the garden, that landscaping
has been practiced by people from the earliest historic era and perhaps
even in prehistoric times*
Mumford (Il) considers that gardening began
when people congregated and formed communities, which would be in the pre­
historic period*
Wright (16) also states that the garden progressed with
time, and landscape design was made to fit into the culture of the era*
He
mentions the great cultures as Babylonian, Greek, Roman, Medieval, Baroque
and the present*
Thus it is apparent that many centuries of work and re­
search have gone into the development of the garden and its counterpart,
landscape design*
As the,garden progressed, it became more formal and
reached its peak in this respect in the Baroque era*
In the latter part of
the Baroque era, Capability Brown, an English landscape architect was a
leader in the development of the naturalistic garden or informal garden*
In the Orient the naturalistic garden was refined to a delicate art*
It was started in about the year five B*G»
Harada (8) states that the
garden design of the Japanese started as part of their religion and the
4
placement of the plants in the garden had spiritual meaning*
We have de­
rived much of our current informal garden design from this early Japanese
art.
One of the principles used today, according to Eckbo (4), is to
landscape for living.
In other words relate the landscape to living by
achieving an aesthetic composition that is in harmony with the site and
at a scale that is .in close relationship to the people.
Treat the trees
and shrubs in such a manner as to create a strong spatial relationship
with the building.
It is also important to take into consideration the
view as seen from the inside as well as from the outside of the building.
Lynch (9) points out that the physical features of the site are
important in landscape design.
The topography of the land, its exposure,
and the traffic around the building all aid in the analysis of the site
for the purpose of ranging the physical environment for best land usage,
Baumanne1s (2) theory on design is to give the illusion that every­
thing grew spontaneously, and to have no part of the landscape isolated,
He suggested that if walls or terraces are used, no sharp contrasts be­
tween them and the surrounding terrain should be made, and that buildings
should look as if they were set into the landscape and be surrounded by
vast areas of turf*
According to Shepheard (l4) a good knowledge of the site, archie
tectural structures, and plant materials are an absolute necessityo
Both
native and cultivated materials should be used, and when used properly
conform to the surroundings in which they are placed; thus, creating the
unity which should be strived for.
The total effect is to have a design
that is contemporary, free, and with a pleasant tie between architecture
and nature,
5
Rose (13) considers .the garden as an out-door room.
The sky is the
ceiling, which is made interesting by the pattern of the overhead leaves
and branches of trees and vines, or by architectural structures, such as
canopies or solid shelters=
The walls define the boundary of the room by
the trunks of trees, border shrubs, or fences.
These vertical lines may be
solid, transparent,, loose, or dense but they must have a relationship to the
eye level.
The floor of the garden is the turf, ground cover, or type of
paving used, and best results are obtained when a combination of hard
materials, such as brick,, stone, concrete or other paving material are used
with soft materials such as turf, soil, flowers and ground cover plants.
The
idea is to attain a relationship of volume rather than a landscape that lies
in one plane.
The total effect should be one of space sculpture rather 'than
a house-plus-garden relationship =
garden.
Plant forms add a great deal to the
It is not so much the number, variety or cplor of the plants used, as
their placing and relationship to one another that makes the design a good
one.
Height in relation to man, form of the plant, and the spacing are the
important features of a plant's role in the garden..
Grant and Grant (7) report that the importance of proper use of plants
is related to their scale, texture, color, accent, and uniformity.
Trees are used as accent points while shrubs and herbaceous plants carry
the lines of the tree to the ground.
Drifts, which are used for flower and
shrub beds are designed from natural drifts such as those formed by snow
and winds,
A drift should be a free form with natural free flowing lines
!
and bold flowing curves. A foundation planting should accomplish four
6
things;, I)
make a transition between the vertical lines of the building
and the horizontal lines of the ground, 2) accentuate the building,
3) decorate and 4) soften the lines of the building= , For the best effect,
the foundation planting should be in scale with the building=,
As stated by Eckbo (5) the design of a landscape depends on four
factors:
l) the form which exists in the building lot, 2) the technical
problems of the building lot, 3). the functions of the building or lot, and
4) the physical properties of the materials to be used=
In carrying out
the design process, special attention should be given to rhythm, repetition
of material, balance of the design composition, and emphasis=
The latter
is accomplished by the use of certain elements such as a pool, tree,
vistas or other object of special interest.
Most of the principles mentioned in the review of literature were
considered and used when preparing the landscape designs for the various
buildings and areas on the Montana State College Campus,
7
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A complete ornamental plant inventory was made of the Montana State
College campus„
This included the identification of the plants as well as
their location on the campus«
The keys used for plant identification were,
"Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs" by Alfred Rehder (Il), "Manual of Cultivated Plants" by L» H= Bailey (I), and "The Flora of Montana, Part II"
by W 0 E 0 Booth and J« G 0 Wright (3 )•
Maps of each of the buildings.on the campus were enlarged from a
general campus map having a scale of one hundred feet to an inch, to a
scale of sixteen feet to one inch*
scale because of their size.
A few areas were reduced to a smaller
A scale of twenty five feet to one inch was
used for the parade field south of Lewis and Clark Hall, the Health and
Physical Education building and fifty feet to one inch for Gatton Field*
Several copies of these enlarged area maps were made*
Existing plants
were placed in their relation to the building on one copy of the map and
were used as references for the new design*
for the new landscape designs*
The other copies were used
After a new design was completed, it was
copied in India ink on tracing vellum*
The existing plants to be retained,
and new plants to be added, were drawn on the vellum copies in scale with
building and at their relative mature size*
Each plant or plants of the
same species were identified by a code number corresponding to a number
in the key of Plant Materials which lists both the common and the
scientific names of the plant* ■ Hie term "flowers" used on the plans
refers to annuals and perennials which were intended to add.color to the
design*
In certain cases, the kind of flowers has been suggested*
8
Three permanent copies of each plan were made by the Ozalid Process
CS).
One copy will be filed with the Physical Plant for reference in
ordering and planting the plants=
The other two copies are to be filed.- in
the Horticulture section of the Plant and Soil Science Department for
reference purposes and as -spare copies, in the event that one should be lost=
Exposure of the photographic paper and dry development o f •the paper
are the two steps involved in the Ozalid Process (6)»
-
'
The original trac-
J
'
ing paper copy is placed over Ozalid paper, and after insertion in the
machine, is exposed to ultraviolet light=
The dyestuff chemicals of the
photographic paper are decomposed by the light except where it was covered
by the opaque lines on the tracing paper after which the exposed print is
dry developed by an alkaline medium produced by ammonia vapors=
A
kodalith negative was prepared so that the pictures could be multilithed=
The plants used in the campus plan were selected according to size,
shape, and season of interest=
Features of interest considered include the
flowers, bark, fruit, leaf texture, and general shape=
Selection also
included an attempt to use a large representation of plant materials fpr
educational purposes=
Hardiness was another basis for plant selection=
The majority of the species npw growing, and those suggested in the new
plans are rated as hardy in zones I, II, III, and a few in the marginal
zone 17 (12-, 15, I?, 18, 19),but known to be hardy in Bozeman=
An
exception to this has been made for plant materials used in the rather
I
protected inner court yard of Hannon
Hal], where more exotic, less hardy
plants were suggested for future planting=
as being hardy in zones four, through six=
Most of these plants are rated
9
Possible sources of' plant materials may be found in the "Plant
Buyer’s Guide" by H. G. Mattoon (10).
J
TREES USED - EXISTING AND NEW PLANTS
Scientific Name
Common Name
Abies balsamea
Abies concolor
Abies homolepis
Acer ginnala
Acer glabrum
Acer negundo
Acer platanoides
Acer platanoides 'Schwedler1
Acer platanoides globosum
Acer platanoides 'Olmsted'
Acer platanoides variegatum
Acer saccharum
Aesculus earned briotis
Aescalus hippocastanum
Betula mandshurica=platyphylla
Betula papyrifera
Betula pendula fastigiata
Betula pendula gracilis
Carpinus caroliniana
Celtis occidentalis
Cercis canadensis
Chionanthus virginicus
Cornus florida rubra
Crataegus coccinioides
Crataegus mollis
Crataegus monogyma compacta
Elaeagnus angustifolia
Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus excelsior pendula
Fraxinus nigra
Fraxinus quaduangulata
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Balsam Fir
Concolor Fir
Nikko Fir
Amur Maple
Rocky Mountain Maple
Boxelder
Norway Maple
Crimson King Norway Maple
Globe - Head Norway Maple
Olmsted Columnar Norway Maple
Harlequin Maple
Silver Maple
Red Horse Chestnut
Horse Chestnut
Birch
Paper Birch
Columnar White Birch
Catleaf Weeping Birch
American Hornbeam
Hackberry
Eastern Redbud
Fringetree
Pink Flowering Dogwood
Kansas Hawthorn
Downy Hawthorn
Globe Hawthorn
Russian Olive
White Ash
Weeping European Ash
Black Ash
Blue Ash
Green Ash
Zone
Height
3
4
4
2
4
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
5
4
4
2
3
3
2
3
2
80'
120'
90'
20'
23'
60'
90'
90'
23'
30'
90'
120'
75'
35'
65'
90'
60'
60'
36'
90'
36'
30'
40'
21'
30'
30'
20'
120'
40'
80'
80'
60'
Scientific Name
Common Name
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis
Juniperus scopulorum
Juniperus scopulorum 'Blue Heaven1
Laburnum alpinum
Larix decidua
Larix occidentalis
Magnolia stellata
Malus 'Alrney'
Malus sirnoldiana
Malus saccata
Malus 'Dolgo'
Malus 'Eleyi1
Malus 'Hopa1
Malus ioensis plena
Malus 'Jubilee'
Malus prunifolia rinki
Malus purpurea lemoines
Malus 'Radianc e '
Ostrya virginiana
Phellodendron amurense
Picea asperata
Picea glauca
Picea engelmanni
Picea pungeus
Pinus cembra
Pinus flexilis
Pinus mugos
Pinus ponderosa
Pinus strobus
Pinus sylvertris
Populus alba 'Bollesma'
Populus sargentii
Thornless Honeylocust
Rocky Mountain Juniper
Blue Heaven Juniper
Longcluster Golden Chain Tree
European Larch
Western Larch
Star Magnolia
Almey Crabapple
Arnold Crabapple
Siberian Crabapple
Dolgo Crabapple
Eley Crabapple
Hopa Crabapple
Bechtel Crabapple
Jubilee Crabapple
Chinese Pearleaf Crabapple
Lemoine Purple Crabapple
Radiance Crabapple
American Hophornbeam
Amur Cork Tree
Dragon Spruce
White Spruce
Engelmann Spruce
Colorado Blue Spruce
Swiss Stone Pine
Limber Pine
Mugo Pine
Ponderosa Pine
Eastern White Pine
Scotch Pine
Bolleana Poplar
Plains Cottonwood
Zone
4
3
3
5
2
2
5
4
4
2
3
3
4
2
3
3
4
3
4
3
5
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
3
2
3
2
Height
135'
30'
10'
30'
100'
100'
20'
25'
20'
50'
40'
25'
30'
30'
30'
20'
25'
25'
60'
45'
75'
90'
150'
100'
75'
60'
30'
170'
100'
75'
90'
70'
H
H
Scientific Name
Common Name
Populus balsamifera
Populus tremuloides
Populus trichocarpa
Prunus blireiana 'Newport'
Prunus cerasifera pissardi
Prunus padus
Prunus sargentii
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Quercus macrocarpa
Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia x hispica
Robinia viscosa
Salix alba
Salix alba tristis
Salix alba vitellina
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia 'Wilson'
Sorbus decora
Sorbus scopulina
Sorbus tianshanica
Syringa amurensis japonica
Thuja occidentalis pyramidalis
Tilia platzphyllos
Ulmus americana
Balsam Poplar
Quaking Aspen
Black Cottonwood
Newport Plum
Pissard Plum
European Bird Cherry
Sargents Cherry
Douglas Fir
Burr Oak
Black Locust
Idaho Locust
Idaho Locust
White Willow
White Weeping Willow
Golden Willow
European Mountain Ash
Wilson Columnar Mountain Ash
Showy Mountain Ash
Mountain Ash
Mountain Ash
Japanese Tree Lilac
American Pyramidal Arbor-vitae
Big Led Linden
American Elm
Zone
Height
2
I
4
3
3
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
95'
90'
180'
24'
24'
45'
35'
200'
80'
25'
25'
36'
75'
75'
75'
45'
45'
30'
20'
20'
25'
30'
120'
120'
H
ru
SHRUB USED - EXISTING AND NEW PLANTS
Scientific Name
Common Name
Amelanchier canadensis
Arabis alpina
Arctostaphylos uva ursi
Aspidium
Berberis thunbergi
Berberi thunbergi atropurpurea
Campsis radicans
Serviceberry
Alpine Rock-cress
Bearberry
Hardy Fern
Japanese Barberry
Red Leaf Japanese Barberry
Trumpet Vine
4
3
2
3
5
5
4
Caragana arborescens
Caragana frutex
Caragana frutex globosa
Caragana pygmaea
Caryopteris incana
Chamaecyporis obtusa compacta
Convalloria majolis
Cornus-alba
C o m u s alba sibirica
Cornus stolonifera
Cornus stolonifera flaviramea
Cotoneaster acutifolia
Cotoneaster divaricata
Cotoneaster horizontalis
Cotoneaster integerrima
Cotoneaster racemiffora soongorica
Daxhne mezereum
Deutzia gracilis
Elaeagnus umbellata
Euonymus alata compacta
Euonymus fortune!
Forsythia suspense sieboldi
Common Caragana
Russian Caragana
Tidy Caragana
Pygmy Caragana
Blue Mist Spirea
Hinoki Cypress
Lily-of-the-valley
Silver-leaved Dogwood
Siberian Dogwood
Red Osier Dogwood
Golden Twig Dogwood
Peking Cotoneaster
Spreading Cotoneaster
Rockspray
European Cotoneaster
Sungari Rockspray
February Daxhne
Slender Deutzia
Autumn Elaeagnus
Dwarf Winged Spindle Tree
Wintercreeper
Siebold Forsythia
2
2
2
2
7
3
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
4
5
3
4
4
3
3
5
5
Zone
Height
20 '
10"
8"
3'
7'
7'
clinging
vine
18'
3'
6'
3'
8"
9"
9'
7'
7'
8'
6'
2'
6'
7'
3'
6'
12 '
4'
4"
7'
Scientific Name
Common Name
Halimodendron halodendron
Hippophae rhamnoides
Hydrangea aborescens grandiflora
Hydrangea peniculata grandiflora
Hydrangea petiolaris
Hypericum prolificum
Indigofera kirilowi
Juniperus chinenses pfitzeriana
Juniperus chinenses sargentii
Juniperus communis
Juniperus horizontalia douglassi
Juniperus horizontalia plumosa
Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina tamariscifolia
Kolkwitzea amabilia
Lonicera claveyi nana
Lonicera koroIkowii zabelii
Lonicera morrowi
Lonicera tatarica
Lonicera tatarica alba
Mahonia repens
Osmunda
Pachistima canbyi
Pachysandra terminalis
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Philadelphus lemoinei 'Innocence'
Philadelphus virginal!s
Philadelphus virginalis glacier
Physocarpus intermedius parvifolius
Physocarpus opulifolius
Pieris floribunda
Siberian Salt Tree
Sea Buckthorn
Hills of Snow Hydrangea
Peegee Hydrangea
Climbing Hydrangea
Shrubby St. Johnswort
Kirilow Indigo
Pfitzer Juniper
Sargent Juniper
Common Juniper
Waukegan Juniper
Andorra Juniper
Savin Juniper
'Tam' Juniper
Beauty - Bush
Clavey's Dwarf Honeysuckle
Zebel Honeysuckle
Morrow Honeysuckle
Tatarian Honeysuckle
Tatarian Honeysuckle
Creeping Mahonia
Hardy Fern
Canby Pachistima
Japanese Spurge
Engelmann Virginia Creeper
Mockorange Innocence
Virginal Mockorange
Glacier Mockorange
Dwarf Illinois Ninebark
Eastern Ninebark
Mountain Andromeda
Zone
2
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
5
3
5
4
3
4
4
4
4
2
4
Height
'
6'
30'
3'
13'
vine
3'
3'
6'
I'
2'
I'
I'
6'
2'
10'
3'
12'
6'
9'
9'
10"
3'
12"
6"
vine
6’
5'
5'
4'
9'
6'
H
-F-
Dwarf Mugo Pine
Shrubby Cinequefoil
Potentilla
Cherry Prinsepia
Purple Leaf Plum
Dwarf Flowering Almond
Amur Chokecherry
Beach Plum
Russian Almond
Flowering Plum
Common Chokecherry
Scarlet Firethorn
Alder Buckthorn
Fragrant Sumac
Skunkbush Sumac
Alpine Currant
Golden Currant
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rugosa Rose
Rose
Artie Blue Willow
ro -F-vj ruo' >rvvnruvjrv-p-ro-F-rvrvru
Finns mugo mughus compacta
Potentilla fruticosa
Potentilla fruticosa parvfolia
Prinsepia sinensis
Prunus cistena
Prunus glandulesa
Prunus maacki
Prunus maritime.
Prunus tenella
Prunus trilofa multiplex
Prunus virginiana
Pyracantha coccinea lalandi
Rhamnus frangula
Rhus aromatisa
Rhus trilobate
Ribes alpinum
Ribes aureum
Rosa
Rosa rugosa
Rosa
a. Bell Poiterine
b. Mohawk
c. Wasagaming
d. Austrian Copper
e. Prairie
f. Betty Bland
g* Lipton
h. Butterball
i. Haidee
j. Pratincola
Salix purpurea gracilis
Zone
i\j
Common Name
-p- ro
Scientific Name
Height
6'
4'
3'
10 '
7'
4'
30'
6'
4'
13'
20 '
6'
18'
3'
3'
7'
7'
4'
6'
6'
V1
Scientific Name
Common Name
Sambucus canadensis
Sambucus racemosa
Shepherdia argentea
Sorbaria sorbifolia
Spiraea albillora
Spiraea arguta
Spiraea billiardi
Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer'
Spiraea bumalda 'Froebeli1
Spiraea media sericea
Spiraea pikowensis
Spiraea snowhite
Spiraea thunbergi
Spiraea vanhoutlei
Symphoricarpos albus
Symphoricarpos oulgaris
Syringa josikaea
Syringa prestoniae "Isabella"
Syringa villosa
Syringa vulgaris
a. Victor Lemone
b. Nocturne
c . Guinevere
d. Minnehaha
e. Red Wine
f„ Hiawatha
g. Edith Cavell
h. Capitaine Baltet
i» Churchhill
j . Royalty
k. William Robinson
l.
Lewis Henry
American Elder
European Red Elderberry
Buffaloberry
Ural False-spirea
Japanese White Spirea
Garland Spirea
Billiard Spirea
Anthony Waterer Spiren
Froebel Spirea
Vanhoutle Spirea
Snowberry
Red Snowberry
Hungarian lilac
Preston Lilac
Late lilac
Common Lilac
Zone
3
4
2
2
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
3
Height
12'
12'
12'
6'
2'
3'
3'
3'
3'
6'
6'
6'
6'
6'
3'
6'
12'
9'
9'
20'
H
Scientific Name
Syringa vulgaris (cont'd)
m. Decaisne
n. Marie Regrage
o. Assessippe
p. Rene Jarry Desloges
q. Boule D Azure
r. Emile Centil
s. Montaigne
t. Henri Martin
Stachys Canata
Tamarix odessana
Tamarix pentandra
Taxus canadensis
Taxus cuspidata densa
Thuja occidentalis globosa
Thuja occidentalis woodward!
Tsuga canadensis pendula
Viburnum
Viburnum acerfolium
Viburnum carIisi
Viburnum cassinoides
Viburnum dentatum
Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lentago
Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus nanum
Viburnum opulus roseum
Viburnum puboscens
Viburnum rhytidophyllum roseum
Viburnum sargentii
Viburnum trilobum
Weigila lBristal Ruby'
Common Name
Zone
Height
Lambs-ear
Odessa Tamarix
Five Stamen Tamarix
Canada Yew
Japanese Yew
Globe Arbor-vitae
Woodward Arbor-vitae
Common Hemlock
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
12"
6'
13'
4'
4'
8'
8'
6'
Maple Leaf Viburnum
Fragrant Viburnum
Withe-rod
Arrow-wood
Wayfaring Tree
Nannyberry Viburnum
European Cranberrybush
Dwarf Viburnum
Common Snowball
Downy Viburnum
Viburnum
Sargent Cranberrybush
American Cranberrybush
Bristal Ruby Weigila
3
4
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
5
5
4
2
4
6'
5'
6'
13'
15'
30'
12'
2'
9'
9'
9'
12'
12'
5'
H
-o
18
RESULTS M D DISCUSSION
The results of this study are presented as a series of landscape plans
or maps of individual "buildings or areas.
These maps were photographed
and placed in the Appendix numbers I - XXIV,
Changes made in the pre­
sent ,landscape, reasons for these changes, and reasons for using specific
plants in different areas are discussed.
When the study was initiated
it was decided to leave as many of the existing trees and shrubs as
possible and to enhance them by adding new and different plants in an
effort to make the campus more interesting and useful.
The foundation
plantings around the older buildings were redesigned so that they would
have a harmony and unity which does not exist at the present time.
Each
building and the area around it should be landscaped in its entirety at
the same time, rather than by adding a plant here and there as has been
done in the past.
The only exception to this rule is in the planting of
the arboretum which is an experimental area, and,for replacement purposes
when necessary.
In this case the replacement planting should be carried
on in an orderly way so that the sense of balance and aesthetic value will
be retained.
The distance between plants as shown in the plans must be adhered
to, even though the plants appear to be too far apart at the time they a r e .
planted.
The plans were designed with the mature plant size in mind so
that the plants will be able to obtain their natural form and not be de­
formed by over crowding.
The shrubs are to be placed in prepared beds that
are free of sod, not only directly around the plant, hut between plants
and the area under the spread of the branches.
Renewal pruning should be carried out each year to remove the dead
>
and damaged limbs and to remove the older branches which might be getting
too large.
The old wood should be removed instead of the new shoots as is
the current practice.
The purpose of retaining new shoots is to keep them
dressed down to the ground rather than becoming a clump of green at the
top of naked stems.
All transplanted plants should be given plenty of
water and pruned back at least a third at the time they are transplanted.
The parking strips have been left essentially the same except for
■
the area on Eighth Street between Cleveland and Harrison streets and ,the
west side of Hapner Hall which have bden redesigned (XIII and XIV).
Japanese Tree lilac (Syringa amurensis japonica) are to be placed fifty
feet apart in the parking on both sides of the street to add strong accent
to the campus entrance as well, as the colorful spring blossoms.
Garfield Boulevard.
The boulevard along Garfield Street is to be
lined with Olmsted Columnar Norway Maple (Acer platanoides tOlmsted0).
This tree was selected because of its tall and narrow habit of growth.
This type of tree lends itself very nicely to areas with limited tree lawn
and space as is the ease along this street.
These trees will give the
street a sense of unified design as well as adding fall color.
Groupings
of shrubs were added to the boulevard (XXlI) intersections, but the rest
of the boulevard was left in grass because of the many sub-surface ser­
vice pipes in the area.
Student'Union.
The groups of plants surrounding the Student Union
20
break the vertical lines of the building, tying the building in with the
groundo
them onto
Taller plants are used at the corners of the building to round
The planting group at the front entrance is intended as accent
to the main doorway, while the court area between the Library and the
Student Union is an area to be used for relaxation and conversation*
Benches for this area should be made of redwood planking*
The exposed
aggregate concrete adds interest to the floor and reduces the glare of the '
sun*
The six trees in the lawn area in the back of the Student Union will
add fall color to this area and direct interest to the mountains instead
of the parking lot when viewed from inside of the building®
Library®
The use of Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) and Swiss
Stone Pine (Pinus cembra) along the west and south side of the library
(11) will give the building a sense of scale as well as presenting a
pleasing contrast between the green foliage and the brick background®
The walk on the south side of the Library was altered to run at an angle
from the Math-Physics Building to the center walk which leads to the Gym­
nasium® 'This change allows space for planting next to the Library on
the south side, makes a more direct route for traffic, and simplifies snow
removal®
The Savin Junipers (Juniperus sabina) and the Pfitzer Junipers
(Junjperus chinensis pfitzeriana) along the front entrance to the Library
provide a smooth flow from the porch to the ground and will hide the
monotonous concrete®
The plants placed along the west wall of the. library
and the east wall of Eeid Hall were designed to add depth and dimension
to the area and present a smoother line for the eye to follow®
21
Reid Hallo
The area between Eeid Hall and the old Chemistry Building
(III) was designed to add interest and to eliminate the monotony of the
solid brick wall on that side of Beid Hallo
The shrub bed in this area
provides color as well as texture, and shrubs were arranged to provide
uniform flow to the ground.
The Pfitzer Juniper •
•us chinenese
ifitzeriana) and the Almey Crabapple (Malus tAlmey8) at the Reid Hall
corner of the L shaped area between the two. buildings were used to cover
up the service stair well=
This hides the service well from view and does
not distract from the landscape.
Interest at the front of Reid Hall was
provided by the use of Woodward Arborvitae ■(Thuja occidentails Woodward!)
in combination with little Sem Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis •"little G e m t).
These two plants were used because of their ability to thrive in shaded
conditions0
A Japanese tree lilac (Syringa amurensis japonica) was used
to fill the hole between the planter at the front door of Reid and the
wall behind it.
It will round out the corner and break the sharp contrast
of the vertical line meeting the horizontal line, and will also add color
to this spot in the spring.
The use of Engelmann Virginia Creeper
at the south door and at the
north east corner will make an interesting pattern on the wall and reduce
the monotony of the solid brick wall.
The foundation planting plan for
the old Chemistry Building is presented on the same map (III),
entrance planting was balanced to conform to the building.
The
Other shrubs
have been added around the building to tie it into the landscape,
Roberts Hall,
The foundation planting around Roberts Hall (IV) has
been completely changed to a balanced, rather formal manner which conforms
22
to the architectural style of the building, .Two interesting species of
plants are to be used here®
The Sargent duniper .(Juniperus chinesis
sargenti), which was used at the front entrance of the building has
steel-blue foliage and makes a good ground cover®
The other species,
Concolor Fir (Abies concolor) , not how widely planted.on the campus, is
used as a screen to hide the machinery near Ryan Lab from view, as seen
from Roberts Hall®
At the rear of the building on the east side of the
walk leading to Ryan Lab, Almey Grabapple '(Malus tAlmeyt) and Paper Birch
(Betula papryifera) were placed next to an existing Green Ash (Frmvinus
pennsylvanica) to make a more natural grouping with year around interest.
Park South of Hannon Hall.
The open area south of Hannon Hall (V)
was left unchanged for recreational purposes, with all the original trees
being retained, and additional shrubs included to supplement existing
trees and form a more natural setting.
European Red Elderberry (Sambucus
racemosa) was used here for the purpose of adding different texture®
Hamilton Hall®
In the area at the corner of Seventh Avenue and Gar­
field Street (VI)! the original trees were left for shade, and a peony
and chrysanthemum garden added for summer interest®
A background of shrub
groups has also been added® The parking lot next to Hamilton Hall has
»
z
been landscaped with Globe-head Norway Maple (Acer platinoides globosum)
to provide a cooling effect in the lot and provide a better appearance®
Plants used around Hamilton Hall give a balanced effect to the front of the
building, while the south side of the hall includes a Peking Cotoneaster
Hedge (Cotoneaster acutifolia); used to create a sense of privacy®
23
Montana Hallo
not changedo
The south side of Montana Hall (Vl) and the annex were
However, the Ta,tarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) should
be replaced since the present plants look rough and ragged=
Newport Plums. .
(Prunus blireiana 'Newport') were'placed at the two south corners of Mon­
tana Hall, and the rest of the foundation planting was redesigned=
Lodge-
pole Pine (Pinus contorta) are to be placed just west of the building to
add some winter color and a different texture to that area=
Lewis Hall=
New plants were added to the. foundation plantings of
Lewis Hall (VII), the Medical Science Building, and the Extension Building
(VII).
Andorra Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis plumosa) were used in the
foundation planting for Lewis Hall, in order to allow the maximum amount
of light into the rooms on the lower floors.
The terrace on the south
side of Lewis Hall is to be covered with Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ufsi),
a ground, cover, which eliminates mowing and adds interest to the site.
It is a species which naturally fits into such a location.
The removal
of the old Zoology Eeseareh Lab building at the corner of Garfield and
Eleventh would not only improve the looks of the area but would eliminate
the blind corner and improve traffic conditions.
Hannon Hall=
More trees a n d .shrubs have been added to the area around
Hannon Hall (VIII) to complete the landscaping that was started in previous
years=
The view from the dining room windows will be a vast lawn area
skirted with trees and shrubs=
Additional shrubs have been placed around
the building to complete the foundation planting and to- cover some of the
bare walls =
Because of the unusual climate which prevails, the inner
court of Hannon Hall, has been handled differently.
It is surrounded by
24
four walls of brick, and glass four stories high.*
in two ways.
This alters the climate
First of all it is free of all wind which desiccates the
plants; a cause for lack of hardiness of many plants.
Secondly, the
climate is altered by radiation of heat from the brick walls and windows
of the building.
Heat escaping from these two sources should raise the
minimum winter temperature and thus form a microclimate which would be
very different from the rest of the campus.
For this reason plants rated
as hardy in zones four, five, and six were used.
The Star Magnolia (Mag­
nolia stellata) , Pink Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida rubra), and Scarlet
Firethorm (Pyracantha coccinea lalandi) ar,e some of the species to be
used in this location to add special interest.
The court is to be paved
with a combination of flagstones and concrete.
Benches placed in the area
are of the same type as. used in the court yard between the Student Union
and the Library.
This area was designed to be useful as an outdoor room
and should be equally as pleasant for teas, relaxation, or sunbathing.
Herrick Hall.
The landscape of Herrick Hall (IX) and the Chapel has
been left in much the same design as it is at the present time.
The
existing trees have been left, but the shrubs have been replaced and changed.
The shrub beds on the east side of the buildings have been designed to
give a more natural appearance to the area.
A sidewalk has been planned
from a point opposite the front door of Hannon Hall through the old sqm
dial.circle.
The shrub beds along the sidewalk are very informal to make
it a relaxing place.
At the south end of Herrick Hall flower beds have
been added to provide color in the area.
color are to be used.
Perennials with good summer
The European Cotoneaster (Gotoneaster jntegerrima)
25
to be placed along the south face of the rock wall of the Chapel, should
be trained in espaliened (trained flat against the wall),fashion.
This
will not only demonstrate the feasibility of this method of pruning but
will provide interest to the wall by making a pleasing break and soften
the rock.
The addition of the Ceramics Laboratory has created rather
sharp features in the landscape at the north end of Herrick Hall.
For this
reason a solid mass of shrubs has been suggested along the service drive
in order to fit this spot into the landscape.
The Spreading Gotoneaster
(Cotoneaster diverieata) planted along the service drive should b e 'allowed
to spread over the retaining walls of the drive to carry the flow of the
slope down to the drive.
Harlequin Maple (Acer platanoides variegatum)
was placed at both sides of the drive to divert the viewers attention
away from the service drive and garbage cans.
The branches of these trees
should be allowed to canopy the drive as much as possible.
This will
improve the view from the front of Hapner Hall.
Lawn Area North of Hamilton Hall.
The lawn area north of Hamilton
Hall and west of Herrick Hall (X) is to be planted with a grove •of Quaking
Aspen (Populus tremuloides).
This grove has been supplemented with Scotch
Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European Bird Cherry (Prunus padus) to add
variety.
The smaller shrubs placed at the edges arid corners of the grove
dress it out to the ground.
The grove adds color to the area as well as
providing a favorable division of space.
The shrub grouping at the south
end of the area adds interest by creating a barrier that tends to make the
area look larger than it is.
from spring to fall.
The perennial bed shown will provide interest
26
Lawn Area North West of Montana Hall,
The trees in the lawn area
north west of Montana Hall (XI) and east of the Agriculture building will
be retained.
and shrubs,
The area has been finished off by the addition of more trees
Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloid.es) „ and Autumn Elaeagnus
(Elaeagnus umbellata) help to carry out the design.
The Quaking Aspen
have been loosely placed with small groups of shrubs scattered beneath,
giving the effect of a screen that is transparent.
The Kirilow Indigo
["era Kirilowe; planted at the north end might act as a woody peren­
nial but its interesting flowers should counteract this drawback.
These
two lawn areas were designed to present a. meadow effect.
Agriculture Building,
The foundation planting around the Agriculture
Building (VII) was completely re-done to accentuate the style of the
original building while softening the constrast of the new addition.
The
service drive at the north end of the building has been surrounded with
a cotoneaster hedge to hide the garbage area from the street,
At the
south end of the building, the terrace has been changed from grass to a
mass planting of low growing evergreens, various ground covers, and low
growing shrubs,
Eockspray (Cotoneaster horizontalis) and Alpine Eock-
cress (Arabis alpina) cover the rock retaining wall at the east end of the
terrace.
The rest of the terrace is covered with spreading junipers.
Three different junipers have been used;
:Tam Juniper (JUniperus sabina
tamariseifolia), Waukegan Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis douglassi), and
Sargent Juniper (Juniperus chineasis sargenti),
Small groups of shrubs
have been dispersed among the juniper to add flower color and dimension
to the area,
February Daphne (Daphne mezereum), and Spreading Cotoneaster
27
(Cotoneaster' divaricata) were used with the Bockspray and Alpine Bock-cress
in the groups.
These low growing shrubs were used so as not to block the
vision from the windows.
Showy Mountain Ash (Sorbus decora) are to be
placed in this area to provide shade for the south end of the building,
Bearberry (ArctostaphyIos uva-ursi) is to be used to cover the steep slope
down to the garage in the basement at the west end of the new addition of
the Agriculture building.
This will eliminate mowing and add interest,
American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), American Hophornbeam (Ostrya
virginiana) and Bed Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carnae briotii) were placed
in the area east of the building to add interest to it in the form of
fall and spring color as well as providing for use of new plants,
A
Cotoneaster hedge was added to one side of the service drive at the south
end of the building to hide it from view,
A Weeping European Ash (Fraxinus
excelsior pendula) was placed next to this service drive to provide special
interest.
Quadrangle,
The planting design around the Quadrangle (V) has been
changed to some extent.
The main changes were in the two triangular lawn
areas at the north end of the block.
Shrub drifts have been added to
these areas to interrupt the straight lines and for interest.
The out-
curves of the drifts tend to act as divisions,' but they are low enough
so as not to obstruct the line of vision.
In the triangle area on the
east side, Lambs-ear (Stachys lanata) was used to make an unusual ground
cover,
Hapner Hall.
The landscape around Hapner Hall (XIII) was generally
good, but additional plants were suggested to make some of the areas more
28
useful=,
The most extensive change was made in the space between the fHrnng
room and the west wing of"the building®
The small circular patio that
was added will make this spot more useful particularly because of the fire­
place which is already there®
Plants were massed around the edge of the
patio to add color and provide a pleasant background for the patio®
As
a ground cover under the shrubs, Lily-of-the-valley (Gonvallaria majalis)
was used to choke out the weeds and reduce maintenance=
In the space
between the east wing and the dining room shrubs have been placed in the
corners and along the w a l l s .to break the solidness of the brick wall=
Japanese Tree Lilac (Syringa amurensis japonica) were placed along the
west parking area to add interest=
Parade Field=
No new plants have been added to the parade field south
of lewis and Clark Hall ($IV) since this area should be kept open to
accomodate the many recreational activities®
The only change is the addi­
tion of the Japanese Tree Lilac along the parking on Eighth Avenue to
conform to those on the other side of the street®
.......
:
i
Lewis and Clark Hall= The foundation planting of Lewis and Clark
Hall (XV) has not been changed to any great extent=
Trumpet Vine (Camps is
radicans) and Climbing Hydrangea.(Hydrangea petiolaris) are to be planted
in alternate fashion on the double columns which support the canopy over
the walk between Langford and Lewis apd Clark Halls=
to tie the canopy into the landscape=
These vines will help
Rows of shrubs border the service
areas at the back of the hall to hide them from view=
Langford Hall=
The external landscape features of Langford Hall (XVI)
were not greatly altered, but a few additions such as the placement of vines
29
around the pillars that support the canopy over the south walk were made.
A similar planting was used for Lewis and Clark Hall.
Shrub beds and a
patio similar to the one in Hannon Hall are to be built in the courtyard
located in the center of the building.
The plants in this location are
hardier than most of those placed in the courtyard of Hannon Hall because
of a less favorable microclimate.
An' Eastern Eedbud tree (Cercis
Canadensis) was used to provide shade and some height in the courtyard.*
1
Hardy ferns (Osmunda sp. or Aspidium sp») are to be placed on the south
side of the courtyard to add interesting texture to the area.
February
Daphne (Daphne mezereum) has been used to provide early spring color.
The
entire paved area is to be done with flagstones» and benches are similar
to those used in the other areas of the campus.
The buildings west of
Langford Hall, (Barracks, Military Science, and the Wool Lab) have not
been landscaped because they are considered temporary, and it was assumed
they will be razed in the future.
Greenhouses.
The grounds around the Greenhouses (XIII) are designed
to have more flower beds.
The land east of the greenhouses •is to be
surrounded by a hedge of Dwprf Winged Spindle Tree (Euonymus alata compact;
in order to discourage people from walking and driving through the garden.
Chemistry and Television Building.
A few additional shrubs have
been added to the present foundation plantings of the Chemistry and
1
Television Building.
(XIV)«
Mew Chemistry Building.
completely landscaped.
The Mew Chemistry Building (XVII) has been
Columnar White.Birch (Betula pendula fastigata)
have been used on the corners of the building on the south side to soften
50
the angle between the building and the ground.
tall, is in scale with the building.
The birch, being rather
Shrubs were placed around the base
of the trees to dress the corners down to the ground.
An Almey Grabapple
(Malus 1Almey8), low shrubs, and a ground cover of Bearberry (Arctosphylos
uva-ursi) around the trees and shrubs planted against the lower side of
the concrete retaining wall will aid in making the abrupt change in the
contour of the ground a more gradual transition.
Flower beds of showy
annuals are to be placed on either side of the entrance to the Auditorium,
located on the east side of the building.
When completing the fill
around the entrance area of the auditorium, pits were left around the
existing Green Ash trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica),
In order to retain
I
these trees it will be necessary to construct wells with walls of rock
around the trees.
These wells should be eighteen inches deep and have a
diameter of five.feet.
The bottom of the well is to have, a layer of.
crushed gravel two inches thick.
The odd shaped area between the two
service drives at the west side of the building is to be planted solid in
order to reduce maintenance and mowing costs.
interest to the blank wall.
It will also provide
The grounds south of the service drive and
west of the building is to be planted with groups of trees and shrubs to
add shade and interest to that area.
The Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron
amurense) was used to provide some unusual interest to this area.
Though
it does not have any fall color, it has attractive bark and its growth
habit is quite picturesque.
The Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) at
the south west corner of the building are placed far enough back so that
they do not obstruct vision at the intersection.
31
Inasium 0
A n e w f o u n d a t i o n p l a n t i n g i s to be u s e d a r o u n d the
Gymnasium ( X H I I ) «, • The Green Ash (Fraxinus
"
) in the area
on the north side of the building, small groups of Crabapples have been
used which will add spring and fall color with their flowers and fruit
Math,
A few plants have been added to the existing
foundation planting around the Math, Physics Building (XIX) to fill it in
have been and
leftJapanese
as they Tree
are. Lilac
Tb add interest
and design to the have
lawn been
area
ringa amurensis
used together in the parking lot east of the building.
These will provide
shade and dress up the parking lot so that the view from the south side
of the Student Union dining room will be improved.
Ryan Lab.
The foundation planting around Ryan Lab (XX) has been
supplemented with a few additional plants to complete the landscape plan.
Shrubs are to be planted along both sides of the parking lot south of the
building to dress up the area.
Service Shop.
On the nopth side of the Sbrvice Shop (XXI) a founda­
tion planting has been added to blend the building into the landscape.
A
foundation planting has also been designed for the front of the Heating
Plant.
To the west of the Heating Plant, additional Caragana hedge
.
(Caragana arboreseens) has been placed to hide the junk pile in the area,
and the existing trees have been retained around the buildings.
.
Gatton Field.
.
The only changes around Gatton Field (XXII) are the
addition of some more Caragana hedge and a ground cover of Alpine Rock-cress
32
(Arabis alpina) and Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uTa-ursi)',
The ground cover
was added in order to eliminate the job of mowing and to add interest to
the area0
^
Health and Physical Education Building.
The only change made in
the plan for the Health and Physical Education Building (XXIII) was to add
more trees which will be in scale with the building.
Arboretum.
The proposed arboretum (XXIV), located in the area
surrounding the pond and west of the Music Building, is urgently needed.
It can be used as an area to determine hardiness, adaptability, - and for
observation of characteristics of new plant species.
The small size of
the arboretum would limit the number of plants that could be used, but
it should not limit the number of species displayed.
The relatively high
water table in the area might prohibit the growth of some species, but
it should not present any real problems.
The pathways between the shrub
beds are to be planted in grass wherever possible except at the approaches
to the bridge over the east arm of the pond.
the approach to the bridge.
Flagstones are planned for
The pond, itself, is an excellent spot for
water lilies, and "the island could be used for the poisonous plant display.
The flower beds should also have a representative number of annuals,
perennials, and other herbacious ornamentals.
The east border of the
aboretum would be the best area for large deciduous and evergreen trees.
In the present spruce grove south east of ,the pond there is to be a dead
end walk into the center of the grove.
shade tolerant plants, such as ferns.
This would be an ideal spot for
The one.tree suggested for this area
is the White Weeping Willow (Salix alba tristis) which is to be planted
33
on the north side of the pond*
This tree will provide a very- interesting
view with the limbs weeping into the water=
The well just north of the
pond could be made more interesting by lining the walls with rock and
partially filling it so that the depth of the water is two to three feet
deep=
A rock wall eighteen inches high around the well would prevent
people from walking into it and also provide a bench on which to sit=
Water Lilies should be planted in the well.
The arboretum would require
a full time gardener, familiar with plants and their care, during the
growing season.
The north end of the block was left vacant as a probable
building site.
■ In some areas of the campus there are plants which are not needed in
their present location but which might be used elsewhere on the campus.
The Maple and American Elm by the New Chemistry Building may be used in
the area west of the building.
The Morrow Honeysuckles north east of the
Agriculture Building could be transplanted and used elsewhere in spots that
call for such shrubs.
It should be quite apparent from the discussion, thus far, that in
order to develop a master plan of landscaping for the Montana State College
Campus, an experienced landscape gardener should be employed to establish
the new plantings and to supervise their maintenance and care.
He should
have a budget in keeping with the heeds of the position and the overall
requirements of the campus grounds maintenance.
To establish the plant­
ings suggested, employ the necessary p e r s o n n e l a n d maintain the campus:
satisfactorily would, no doubt, require a much greater budget than is now
available.
However, such a program is a must on any, campus and should
■
34
receive serious consideration when requesting funds for future years,
beautiful campus appeals to people from within as well as out of state
visitors.
well
It can have a.favorable effect on our student enrollment as
A
35
SUMMARY
It was the purpose of this study to develop a landscape plan for
the entire college campus, keeping in mind its present condition and
future expansion=,
Emphasis was given to the preparation of a functional
design; one that considered recreational areas, aesthetic value, com­
putability of plant materials, and the relationship of the materials
to the building sites=,
In order to prepare such a plan it was necessary to identify and
catalogue all existing plants on the campus =>
Large scale maps were made for each building or groups of build­
ings=,
These plans were used as the basis or foundation of the final
landscape plans shown in the Appendix Maps I to XXIV=,
When each plan was completed, ozalid copies were prepared, and
these were photographed and reduced in size for this thesis.
The planST used for the campus were selected on the basis of form,
/I -1
hardiness, and period of display=
It required over two hundred and
twenty seven species and clones to complete the landscape plans=
Each building or open space plan has been discussed, giving the
reasons for suggested changes in the present landscape or for the use of
specific plants=
If the over-all plan is to be effective, it should be followed
completely and each unit completed at the same time.
Spacing and location
v
of plants has been stressed, as well as proper care and maintenance=
36
In order to have and maintain a well developed landscape plan for
the Montana State College Campus, a professional landscape gardener should
be employed=
37
LITERATURE C I T E D .
Io
Bailey, L. H = .,Manual of Cultivated Plants»
New Yorko 116 pp= 19^9«
2=
Baumann, Earnst,
232 pp. 1955.
3=
Booth, W 0 Eo and Wright, J= C.
State Collegee 280 pp. 1959«
4.
Eckbo, Garrett. Art of Home Landscaping.
New York. 278 pp. 1956.
5=
Eckbo, Garrett. Landscape for Living.
New York. 268 pp. 1950.
6.
Gieseche, F. E., Mitchell, A., and Spencer, A. C. Technical Drawing.
The Macmillan Company, New York. pp. 746-749» 1952.
7»
Grant, J. A. and Grant C. L. Garden Design Illustrated, University
of Washington Press, Seattle. 150 pp. 1954.
8.
Harada, Jiro. Japanese Gardens» . Charles T. Bradford G o., Boston,
Mass. 160 p p . 1956.
9.
Lynch, Kevin. Site Planning.
240 p p . 1962 .
New Gardens.
The Macmillan Company,
A. Wetter and Co=, Zurich, Switzerland.
Flora of Montana, Part II=
Montana
F. W. Dodge Corporation,
F. W. Dodge Corporation,
The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
10.
Mattoon, H= G. Plant Buyer's Guide. The Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, Boston, Mass. 298" pp = 1958.
11.
Mumford, Lewis. The City in History.
New York. 657 P P « 1961.
12.
Rehder, Alfred. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs.
Company, New York. 996 pp. 1947» ■
13.
Rose, James C. Creative Gardens.
New York. 208 pp. 1958.
14.
Shepheard, Peter.
144 p p . 1954.
15=
U.S.D.A. Agricultural Research Service.
16.
Wright, Richardson. The Story of Gardening.
Inc., New York. 4?4 pp. 1963.
Modern Gardens.
Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.,
The Macmillan
Reinhold Publishing Corporation,
Fredrick A. Praeger, New York.
Plant Hardiness Map.
Dover Publications,
38
I?o
Wyman, Donald,
York, 175 PP=
Ground Cover Plants,
1961 0
The Macmillan Company, New
18,
Wyman, Donald. Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens.
Company, New York. 442 pp. 1938.
19=
Wyman, Donald. Trees for American Gardens.
New York. 376 pp. 1939=
The Macmillan
The Macmillan Company,
39
APPENDIX
I
Plate I.
GARHELD
STREET
Student Union
PLANT MATERIALS KEY
T
Plate II.
GANFCLD
I
STREET
\
Library
U---- -M5
b
bnm C
5eejejlLt
3^
2 f
\
42
Plate III0
Reid Hall and Chemistry Building.
.oKv
VyVV AS.
43
Plate IV.
Roberts Hall.
6. European CMonMtti
7-Gdden Twl9 Dogwoo
8 Owarl IBnoIt Ntieeer
II. Aimey Crahm
12 Europeeo Blr
CMonMiter IMegerrIme
Ietdttlng tree
Acer plManMdei Ctmtled
15 P
yynftfCtrager
Plate V.
Park South of Hannon Hall and Quadrangle
-LSr1SESS
"-BesT1SS.
"
rls Sxas1 ■
CoKraao Blue Struce IexUtIng tree 1
'TOSJffirssa.
aTOScSE^"'
“RS5SS.»-»
3
TSSS5S&..=
-TtSSSS.,,,^
Plate VI0
3leKE^assw
4 Owart RiMian Almond
Pnimt Wnala aba
'T=UT=!
'"S=^=ET•~taSEr^sr*“'—
Montana Hall and Hamilton Hall
PLAhfT MATERIALS KEY
Lewis Hall
VMrrum opiSe (Ml existing scrubI
PMtnenoclssus aiKxjueIolie EngeKnennn 02e existHg^
Plate VII.
PLANT MATERIALS KEY
PtCM pungent (Misting tree)
PriMUS nlgri (Misting VM>
FrMlIUS pennsylvslcs (existirg tree)
Acer Oiiunoeses Olmsted (dm puced «
Sorbs suoeere (enisling tree* Si
Soreus iucupMIi '-WSson MikIS "MOP*" (existing tree)
Pruius clsteni
CiryoclMS Sewn
Junlperus horliontm plumose
(Ti
4?
Plate VIII.
Hannon Hall.
_PLAN T M ATERIALS KEY
ZO.creepng Coionei
||gB==~
I#"
! I P s :
I S
FS
ll##
K
mBs-r
.I
-
r
Euonymus Iortunel
>
s-r
48
Plate IX=
Herrick Hall and Chapel.
49
Plate X.
Lawn Area North of Hamilton Hall.
I # #
50
Plate XI.
Lawn Area Northwest of Montana Hall.
CLEVELAND
STREET
IZSTCL
I
^
-X
ir
51
P l a t e XI I .
Agriculture Building.
52
Plate X I I I .
Hapner Hall and Greenhouse.
PLANT MATERIALS KEY
(hapner
Junlperui MBina ImmarlicIlona
BerBens Ihunbergi
Betula papyriIera
Parthenocmus gumgualol* Engeimanm
Coloneaster mlegemma
Acer pwanoides
Jumperus chinensis pliueriana
s IhunBergl alropurpurea
Syringe amurensla japonlca
Rhilaeeiphus lemomel Innocence■
viburnum Karilollum
Daphne meiereum
ChamaKyparis obtuse compacta
Texus canadensis
Coloneaster horiiohUds
> '-
Plate XIV.
Parade Field South of Lewis and Clark HaJLl and Chemistry
TV Building.
Plate XVo
Lewis and Clark Hall
LEWIS & CLARK HALL
Vieurnum puBeiceoi
I
Plate XVI.
Landlord Hall and Barracks
NORTH BARRACKS
zC
SOUTH BARRACKS
I . Cutleaf weeping Bircn
3. Thornless Honey-locust
n Chotecnerry
Betuls pename gracilis
Junlperus chinensis piItserens
OleoiiSUItriacsntnoi. inermis
Acer platenoiaes
Betule pepyrilers
ParUienociseus eiinquefoue ergelmannii
Cotoneaster integerrune
CoriMS sins SiOi rice
Prunus vrginiar
PLAN T MATERIALS KEY
Freslnus penntylvsnica
Serous aucuparis
Vieurnum aentatum
ViOurnum Opulus
to European OenOerryOuth
Ulmiis smer icsns
17 Peking Coioneester
W. Purple Leaf Plum
18. Hyena as Rose
MyOrsngea petio
20. OimOing HyOrsngee
21 Moray Fern
HARRISON
STREET
Cotoneester noriton
Convallaria maisiis
Prunus tenella
ssrsz:
2K&K5KL,
IongIoreHo*»Born
'VvT^s
Plate XVII.
PLANT MATERIALS KEY
New Chemistry Building
57
Plate XVIII.
Gymnasium.
Plate XIX.
Math Physics Building
59
Plate X X 0
Ryan Lab.
Plate XXI.
Service Shop
Plate XXIII.
PLANT M ATERIALS KEY
H & PE Center
63
Plate XXIV.
JV
Aboreturn.
MONTANA
P845
cop.2
Post, 2. L.
Master plan for landscape
development of the- Montana
X '/