Net returns, on irrigated farms with special reference to Huntley Irrigation Project
by Allen A Hyde
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of master of Science in Agricultural Economics at
Montana State University
© Copyright by Allen A Hyde (1939)
Abstract:
The object of the present analysis is to determine the average income available from the farms on the
Huntley Project from which construction costs could be paid* The analysis is based on a sample of 121
farms, selected on the basis of available records for the five-year period, 1932-1936* The accuracy of
the analysis, as it pertains to the Huntley Project, is limited because of the lack of information. The
development of a method of analysis applicable to the date available was a major problem of the
present study. The data available for the Huntley Project were supplemented by data taken from studies
made on irrigated land in other sections of the country* For the purpose of giving a more detailed
picture of the farms in relation to their ability to pay something toward construction costs, than could
be shown from an average net return for all farms, the farms were also divided so as to show the effect
of type of farm, size of farm, and tenure of operator, upon the amount of returns available from which
construction costs could be paid.
The farms in the sample studied showed an average net return of $230.55 per farm or an average net
return of $3.06 per irrigable acre above cash operating expenses, taxes, depreciation, operation and
maintenance, and family living expense. From this amount, payments had to be made on aa average
mortgage indebtedness of $544.44 per farm or of $7.34 per irrigable acre and also on construction
costs. The breakdown by type of farm, size of farm, and tenure of operator slows that the farms
growing beets as the main source of income had a larger net return from which construction costs could
be paid than did farms growing other crops as their main source of income; that farms falling within
tho groups 100-139.99 acres and 140-179.99 acres showed a higher average net return per irrigable
acre from which construction costs could be paid then any otter alee group, and; that owner operated
farms and part owner operated farms had more than three times as high a net return par irrigable acre
from which construction costs could be paid as did the renter operated farms.
Although the average faro on the Huntley Project did not produce staple income to supply a fair rate of
interest and an operator's wage, for the period 1932-1936, it did produce enough income to meet the
cash operating, overhead, anti family living expense, and leave eom income from wiiich construction
costs could be paid. IiET IBTUETS, 017 ZEKlCAfCB T m m
V IT H SPKCIfcL E S m ^ B C E TO 30BTLEY H fflIO A fIO B PROJECT
by
ALLEH A* BYIS
A THESIS
Subm itted to th e Greu:'u a te C o tr d tte e
i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e req u irem en t*
f o r th e Ie g re e o f a s t e r o f S cien ce
i n A g r ic u ltu r a l foonotiica a t
l.ont&na S ta te C o lleg e
A pproredi
In
Doceffian* Montana
Ju n e , 19S3
ZIADLS OF CCETBTO
L i s t o f T a b l e s . . . . . . . ...............
4
L i s t o f IlloG brE tfio n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
£
ACKMFLEDG:
6
TS .....................
ABSTRACT............................................
I.
7
IBH OB 7CTlCB............................................................. ............................................... ..
I r r l s Io ,- in
o .
8
..........................................
3XiTooso o f S t u V / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O
copt o f S t u d y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Source o f fftto. eueV The I r AdLoqubc^". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
3 l s t o r i c e l Fccview o f th e
unfcley I r r l t.tio e IYoj e t e t . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
Clinftto...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
' o o rapijy and S o i l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
’ a t e r S u p p ly ... . . . .
... .^ ................
16
a r o ts .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
T r a n n /o r ta tio n mid
Cr
s
r
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L iv es o
III.
o
......
k
. . . . . .
.
AKAUSIL of FAHI ORtAhIZATIQB AfD ELfDHIS OB TEB EUlTLO PROJECT
otiuad o f A n a ly sis . . . . . . . . .
Anal;> s i s o f A ll
ar
. .... .... .... ... . . . . ..
................
Avera., e I a r n Value a e l l e t
f-Is ta riv u iion o f . a r s I / Vet
.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
e tu n a s . ................................. ..
c tu r.,3 ................
13
21
24
24
27
27
25
62357
-
I'is lril- u tio n . o f Caveat.
Land Q
a ,
2L-
a
i s t r i l u tio n o f
e
«
SZ
o j ts .
V2
D la tr ii u tlo o o f Expe a s e s .
AnelI y a ie by Type o f I
.
a
r
.
.
r
.
s
.
.
*
SG
.
SG
Avara a P&rrs v alu e ar.<l I a t R e tu rn s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SG
L l c r i b u t i o n o f I w u s I^y . a t
40
A n e ly e is by S it e o f i
Avore o : ar:
e
r
n
clua >•: ■-<
el
o tu r n s .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
o t'.r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
D is tr ib u tio n o f F a r .a by n e t r.c tu rn s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47
A n a ly sis by Tenure o f O p e r a t o r . . . . ......... .............................................
Average Perm V alue and
e t Re t ur ns .
••••••
D is tr ib u tio n o f : arris by L e t : ot u r n s ............. ....................... ..
IV .
At
SUlT AEI ADD COHCLOSIOES...........................................................................................
r: ix . . . . . .
DIZLlO .
44
.
.......................................................................... .......................
.. ......................................................................... ................................................. ..
51
Li
15
63
GZ
G
L i s t o f Teiblee
T able
I
II
HI
IV
Pe^e
Acreage o f Leaclx C rops, U u n tley P r o j e c t , 1952-1950
Avcra ............... ............ ..................................................................................
20
' usiber o f L iv e s to c k , Ilim tle y P r o je c t, 1952-13SG A v e ra g e .. .
23
Averttge Fans Value and Iiet R etu rn s on 121 F a r r s , U untley
P r o je c t, 1952-1956 A verage............................................
28
Average U et r e tu r n s P er /-ore on 121 F a m e , H untley P r o j e c t ,
1952-1936 A v e r a g e . , . . . ......... ........................................................................23
V Average Form Value and l e t R etu rn s P er Acre by Type o f
F a n s, F u n tle y P r o je c t, 1932-1956 A v e r a g e .................................
VI
V II
V III
IX
59
Average e t R etu rn s P er Acre by Type o f P a m , H untley
P r o j e c t , 1952-1936 A v e ra g e ...............................................
43
Average Farm Value and Uet E e tu ra s P er Acre by Bice o f
Farm, I u n tl e y P r o j e c t , 1952-195G Avera .......................................
46
Average ITet K eturne P er Acre by S ia e o f Fan:;, H untley
P r o je c t, 1932-1956 A vera ............................................. ...................
60
Average Farm Value and Uet R etu rn s P e r Acre by Tenure o f
O p e ra to r, u n tle y P r o je c t, 1952-1936 A v e ra to ........... ...................
X A verage Uet R etu rn s P er Acre Ly Tenure o f O p e ra to r,
I u n tle y P r o je c t, 1952-1956 A verage......... ..
62
67
L is t o f I llu e t r u t io n s
Fijrure
Face
IA - L o e a tio a o f F a r o In c lu d e d i n Sai iple by Tenure o f O p e ra to r,
F u n tle y f r o j e o t , 19.32«*19vG Avora e . . . * . ** * **»# « »****
I^
IE - L o c a tio n o f F aro s Im lu d e d in S a rn ie b y Type o f Farm s,
' u iitle y P r o je c t, 1902-1TKC Avera e * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • > •
l-;
2 - L o c a tio n o f t)w H untley P r o je c t and R a ilro a d s i n
5 - P e r C ent o f F an ;a C rtm inc V arious C rops,
1922-10SC A verai-O............................
o n ta rn ...
IS
uzrbley P r o j e c t ,
19
4 - Per C ent o f F em e Haviag V ario u s K inds o f L iv e sto c k on th e
un-tley P r o j e c t , IDSS-IQtv A
v
e
r
a
g
e
.
22
5 - D is tr ib u tio n o f Farrss by L e t " re tu rn s, Ix m tle y P r o je c t,
IDS2—IOD ' A vera ....................................... ..................... .....................
SO
6 - D is tr ib u tio n o f In v e stm en t on 121 P a n s ,
19D2- 1 0SC Avera.;;a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SI
u u tlc y P r o je c t,
7 - Ltuid Use on 121 : a n a s , H untley P r o je c t, 1902-1956 A verage*.
HS
8 - D is tr ib u tio n o f K e c e ip ts on 121 I o r is , IItm tley P r o j e c t ,
IS 32-1956 A v e r a r e . . . . '. . .................. ..........................................................
34
D - D is tr ib u tio n o f R e c e ip ts on 121 Darns by Type o f R e c e ip t,
u n tle y I r e j e c t , 1952—195( A
v
e
r
a
g
e
Sb
10 - D i s t r ib u tio n o f R xpeasss on 121 F a r e , H untley P r o j e c t ,
1932-1950 A verage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
37
11 - D i s t r ib u tio n o f Farms by b e t Ie tta ra s by Type o f Faum,
un" le y ■r e j e c t , 1952—ILDC v s ra e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
12 - D is tr ib u tio n o f F a rta by Het Ie tu ira s by S ic e o f F e re ,
u iitle y P r o je c t, 1552—I DD( Avera; e
.
.
.
43
13 - D is tr ib u tio n o f F a n s by S e t R etu rn s by Tenure o f O p e ra to r,
u n tle y P r o je c t, I 932—1936 Avere
54
-O -
ACEBC»1,EOCiSSiT
Th* a u tiio r w ish es t o e x p re s s h i s th a n k s fend a p p r e c ia tio n to
Dr* ' • L* 3 1 * ;avoid f o r h i s zamsy su p e s tio n s i n d e v elo p in g u a e th o d
o f a n a ly s in g th e d a te need in th e U ie s ls , er.
t o J . L.
=Uicws tn d
tfolat Tknmr f o r s ^ r e s t i o n s in th e a n a l y s i s , c rp c m ia a tio n , m d p re sen ­
t a t i o n o i IiiO t h e s i s i a a t e r i a l .
r. , .
.
Aczc owle<h „sent i s uue a ls o to
exme and o t h e r m a b e r s o f th e s t c f : f o r t h e i r c r i t i c i s e s
o f Uie I ii e s is •
?h® a a tlie r a ls o w isluts t o a e knowledge ,orke P ro g re ss A d n in ist m t i o n , i r e j e c t L u al/trs C.P* 66-31-1776 ( . i . 7 7 2 ), C . f . 166-91-6999
( • /* G ilO -1127), C .P . 466-31-3—24 CV<■ . 1962) f o r iaokin. th e d a ta
a v a i l a b l e , and f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n ta b u la tin g th e d a ta end p ro p e r 1% th e
c h a rts .
—7—
MET MST ISiSt OS IfU It.AT; D m S,
ViITH SPECIAL K i m m f c TO HUfITLBT IKkIGATIOB PBDJKCT
ABSTRACT
Tbe o b je c t o f th e p r e s e n t e n a ly s ie i s to d e te rrd n c th e t>vora;;e
ineoi^e a v a il a b le froia tiie f a r s on th e H untley P r o je c t f r o n w hich con­
s t r u c t i o n c o s ts c o u ld be p aid * Tlte a n a ly s is i s b a se d on a sam ple o f 121
f a m e , s e le c te d on th e b a s is o f a v a il a b le ro co rd o f o r th e fiv e -y stu r
p e rio d , 195Z-195C* Tlie a c c u ra c y o f th e a n a ly s is , a s i t p e r t a i n s t o th e
I’u n tle y P r o je c t, i s l i a i t c d b ecause o f th e la c k o f in fo rm a tio n * The
developm ent o f a n e t hod o f a n a ly s is a p p lic a b le t o th e d a ta a v a i l s Xe was
a m ajo r problem o f th e p r e s e n t study* Tbe d a ta avails'- Ie f o r th e T u n tley
P r o je c t w ere su p plononted by d a ta taloen fross s tu d ie s oade on i r r i g a t e d
la n d in o th e r s e c tio n s o f th e coun try *
For t h e purpose o f g iv in g a r » r e d e t a i l e d p ic tu r e o f th e fu m e i n
r e l a t i o n to t h e i r a b i l i t y to pay some tilin g tow ard c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t s , th a n
c o u ld be shown from a n average n e t r e t u r n f o r e l l f e r n s , t h e fa n a s w ere
a ls o d iv id e d so as t o show th e e f f e c t o f ty p e o f fa rm , s iz e o f f a r . , end
te n u re f o p e r a to r , u m n th e ai-tount o f r e tu r n s a v a il a b le Droia w hich con­
s t r u c t ! - i c o s ts c o u ld e paid*
Tlie f a r a i n th e seK ple s tu d ie d showed on av erag e n o t r e tu r n o f
251*56 p e r f a r n o r an a v e ra g e n e t r e t u r n o f S*0C p e r I r r i g a b l e a c re
abevo c a s h o p e ra tin g , e x p e n se s, t a x e s , d e p r e c ia tio n , o p e r a tio n and m ain te­
n a n c e , and fa x d ly l i v i n r expense* Iroia t h i s am ount, pay, te n ts had to be
m d e on aa a v e ra g e m ortgage in d e b te d n e ss o f 1544*44 p e r farm o r o f #7*54
p a r i r r i g a b l e a c re am s i so on c o n s tr u c tio n c o s ts * The b re a ran by ty r »
o f f a r , s iz e o f f a n s , and te n u re o f o p e r a to r slow s tlia t th e farm s growini b e e ts a s th e m i n so u rc e o f income Imd a l a r g e r n e t r e t u r n from w hich
c o n s tr u c tio n c o s ts c o u ld be p a id tlm n d id f a n s grow ing o th e r c ro p s a s
t h e i r m ain so u rc e o f incom e; t h a t f e r n s f a l l i n g w ith in th e groups 100159*93 a c r e s and 140-173*93 a c r e s showed a h ig h e r av o ra e net. r e tu r n p e r
i r r i g a b l e a c re f r o n which c o n s tr u c tio n c o s ts c o u ld be p a id th e n any otite r
s iz e g ro u p , en d ; t h a t owner o p e ra te d farm s and p a r t owner o p e ra te d fe r n s
had no re tiia n th r e e t i n e s a s h ig h © n e t r e t u r n p e r i r r i a b le a c r e from
which c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t s c o u ld be p a id a s d ie th e r e n t e r o p e ra te d fe rn s *
A lthough th e a v erag e feur;i on th e H untley J r o j e e t die o t produce
ample income to su p p ly a f a i r r a t e o f i n t e r e s t and an o p e r a to r ’ s wage,
f o r th e p e rio d 19E2-135C, i t d id produce enough I m hxm t o m e t tlie c a sh
o p e r a tin g , o v e rh e a d , arid fa m ily l i v i n g e x p e n se , and le a v e eons income
frots w tiich c o n s tr u c tio n c o a ts co u ld be p a id .
-8 —
I*
IKTRODUCTIOR
I r r ig a tio n in
oaten*
: o a te n * h a s 05»b23,»:.X> a c r e s o f la n d , o f which 1 ,6 8 4 ,3 1 2 were*
a re i r r i g a t e d .
T h is i s 1 .7 p e r c e n t o f th e t o t a l la n d l a th e s ta v e and
8 p e r c o a t o f th e i r r i g a t e d lan d in th e U n ited S t a t e s .
Twenty—seven p e r
c e n t o f th e f a r s and ranci^es o f th e s t a t e rre re p a r t l y o r e n t i r e l y i r r i ­
g a ted i n 19: 4*
T h is 27 p e r c e n t o f th e ra n c h e s and f a m e m d e homw f o r
SS p e r c e n t o f Uie p eo p le o n f e r n s in th e s t a t e .
T h i r ty - s ix p e r c e n t o f
th e v a lu e o f a l l I a iv and b u ilt in s a re on i r r i g a t e d la n d i n M ontana.
T hus, w ith 32 p e r c e n t o f th e f a m p o p u la tio n , and SG p e r c e n t o f th e
v a lu e o f la n d end b u ild in g s o n 1*7 p e r c e n t o f tl;e l a d in th e s t a t e , we
can conclude t h a t i r r i g a t i o n i s in p o r te n t
o io n ta n a .
There i s d ry land
i n th e s t a t e Wiiieh produces a s a t i s f a c t o r y Inc n e , b u t s in c e nuch o f th e
d ry lan d can n o t be depended upon each y e a r a s a so u rc e o f income, th e
i r r i g a t e d lan d in th e s t a t e Is c o n sid e re d th e s t a b l e e lem en t i n /Io n ten a1e
a ric u l u rc .
The c o n s tr u c tio n o f I r r i g a t i o n p r o je c ts h a s n o t been b ased
on ad eq u ate d a ta , so t h a t
unsound,
M m cyr
p r o j e c t s Imve proved t o be econoinical Iy
because i r r i g a t i o n i s i/ p o r ta n t t o U an teaa, an e f f o r t should h e
made t o d e v elo p iaathods by w hich i r r i g a t i o n p r o je c ts c a n be m a in ta in ed on
a paying b a s i s .
Purpose o f Study
I n r e c e n t y e a r s th e r e heus been a fjre a t d e a l o f a g i t a t i o n c e n te re d
around t$te p o s s i b i l i t y o f F e d e ra l l e c l a m t io n P r o je c ts p aying f o r theiuAa y e t th e r e has been v e ry l i t t l e t r o r k d o n e t h a t im ulti ltm a ie h
s e lv e s .
a b a s is f o r d e te rm in in g th e income a v a il a b le from which t h e p r o j e c t con­
s t r u c t i o n o o s ts c o u ld be p a id .
The need f o r su ch d a ta i s made e v id e n t
by th e r e l i e f m easures ex ten d ed i r r i g a t i o n p r o je c ts from th e f e d e r a l
government*
o r a t o r i o f o r th e 6 -y o a r p e rio d 1931-1S5C imve d e p riv e d th e
re c la m a tio n fund o f
tw o fo ld .
1 4 ,3 7 1 ,6 4 5 . l /
The p u rp o se o f th o .-re s e n t stu d y i s
The priuaary purpose o f th e s tu d y i s to d eterm in e th e a v e rt e
incc. e a v a il a b le p e r farm frcst which c o n s tr u c tio n c o s ts c an b e p a id .
Secondary to t h i s purpose i s th e e f f o r t t o d ev elo p a metiiod o f B n aly sie
a d a p ta b le to th e lim ite d d a ta a v a i l a b l e .
Tno d e te r m in a tio n o f n o t r e tu r n s from w hich p r o j e c t c o n s tr u c tio n
c o s ts can be p a id i s very im p o rta n t in d e v is in g a sound repaym ent p la n
fo r ir r ig a tio n p ro je c ts .
Scope o f Study
The p r e s e n t a n a ly s is c o v e rs 121 i r r i g a t e d farm s lo c a te d on th e
H u n tley I r r i g a t i o n P ro je c t*
The sample used i s composed o f a l l fa n e s f o r
w hich th e 5 -y e a r r e c o r d , 1952-1936 was c o m p le te .
- V f ) . epay%^ni ; '
r.o o le n a tio n P r o j e c t s ,
Ki u re IA shows th e
'
t i o n C o sts oY" F e d e ra l and Ixkiisn
house Locuaaunt h o . G73. 7 5 th C ongress 3d S e s s io n .
10-
F ig u re 1A.—L o c a tio n o f Farms In c lu d e d i n Sample by Tenure o f O p e ra to r,
H u ntley P r o j e c t , 1932-1936 Average
R 30 E
R. 2 9 E.
R 31 E.
POMPEYS p il l a r
CARTERSVILLE
CANAL
BALLANTINE
HUNTLEY
OSBORN t -M BEANS
R .2 8 E .
M O T H E R TYPE
M BEET-BEAN
■ BEET
F ig u re IB .—L o c a tio n o f Farms In c lu d e d in Sample by Type o f Farm,
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 Average
11'
l o c a t io n o f f e r n s used in th e s tu d y , by te n u re o f o p e r a to r , and f ig u r e
IB
shows th e l o c a t io n o f f a n s by ty p e o f f a n t.
Tlie 121 f a n s make up 20 p e r c e n t o f tlie f a r s on th e p r o j e c t .
Tliese f e r n s in c lu d e 0154 i r r i g a b l e a c r e s ; w hich i s 35 p e r c e n t o f th e
i r r i g a b l e la n d on th e p r o j e c t .
About 32 p e r c e n t o f t3ie la n d in c lu d e d i n th e s a n p le i s f i l t h c l a s s
la n d a s co p ared w ith 54 p e r c e n t f i f t h c l a s s la n d f o r th e p r o j e c t .
Source o f Data and T heir Adeqisuiy
D ata p e r ta in in g t o th e in d iv id u a l T arr were secu red fro ia th e
U nited S ta te s Decla n a t io n o f f i c e a t P a lla z itin e , h e a d q u a rte rs f o r tlie
lu n tle y P ro je c t.
Tl* d a ta a r e c o l l e c t e d in th e f o r a o f a c ro p c iisus
and i n m e t c a s e s a r e b ased upon th e memory o f th e in d iv id u a l fa rm e r.
Crop a c re a g e , c ro p p ro d u c tio n , n u a b e r and v a lu e o f liv e s t o c k , v a lu e o f
farm p ro p e r ty , number o f p e rso n s on t h e f a m , i r r i g a b l e a c r e a g e , and
te n u re o f o p e ra to r w ere a v a il a b le in th e .Vora sbovt- In ap p en d ix A.
The
sen® data f o r a l l farms on th e p r o je c t, a s w e ll a s o th er g en era l p r o je c t
l i i f o r m t i o n a re a v a il a b le in th e a n n u al rep o rt o f th e p r o je c t aanm< o r .
The a c c u ra c y o f c e r ta in phases o f th e presen t stud y i s lis d t e d
because o f th e inadequacy o f th e data a v a ila b le .
L iv esto ck inc , e end
c o s t s , crop p ro d u c tio n c o s t s , and f e o i l y l i v i n g expenses were not a v a i l a b le fo r the fa r i s on th e p r o je c t*
F ir u r o s u se d , t i n t -.ore n o t a v a ila b le
fo r th e p r o j e c t , were ta k e n from v a rio u s s tu d ie s made on ir r ig a te d land
i n th e w e s te rn s t a t e s .
K i e t o r l c e l R eview o f t h e K u n tle y I r r i g a t i o n . P r o j e c t
Tlie K im tloy P r o je c t I s lo c e te d i n Yelltswettme County and e x ten d s
fro
a b o u t 15 nil© a © eat o f B i l l i n g s , s-o x- 30 M iles a lo n g tiie s o u th s id e
o f th e Y ellow stone .:Iv e r ( f ig u r e 2 ) .
"lie p r o j e c t Co p r i s e s an a r e a o f
32,500 a c r e s o f la n d ly in g i n a eo R p set to d y , Kdalcii f a c i l i t a t e s i r r i g a t i o n .
"It was one o f th e e a r l y u n d e rta k in g s e f th e Bureau o f R e c la a e tia a end was
a u th o r is e d and s t a r t e d i n ISOS, with, le a d opened f o r s e ttle m e n t in 1307.
Khe p r o j e c t was d iv id e d in to u n i t s o f fpoia 40 to 80 a c r e s o f i r r i g a t e d
la n d , and w iiere a v a i l a b l e , sene a d ja c e n t p a s tu r e and w oodlands were
In c lu d e d .
The c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t announced a t t h a t tim e was f 50 p e r a c re to
lie re p a id to t h e governm ent in to n e q u al an n u al peymenta*
I1Vsnt o f ('.4*60 p e r a c re was made up a s fo llo w s ;
The f i r s t p ay -
3 c o n s tr u c tio n p e r a c r e ,
I p e r a c re due th e Crow I n d ia n s , ir o n whom th e la n e was p u rc h a se d , and
60 c e n ts p e r a c re e s tim a te d o p e ra tio n , and sn d n te n a a c e c h a rg e s f o r t h e f i r s t
y e a r th e system was In o p e r a tio n .
The c h a rg e o f
5 p e r a e ro c o n s tr u c tio n
was t o be p a id each y e a r , b u t th e o p e r a tio n and ; n ln tc n a n c e c h a r e would
v a ry w ith th e c o s t o f o p e r a tio n o f tlie p r o j e c t .
th e Crow I n is n s
T h e re , th e n , re iia in e d clue
5 p e r a c r e , w hich was t o b e ' p a id i n f o u r anm m l l n s t c d l -
n e x its. 2 /
Be in , one o f th e e a r l y p r o j e c t s d'esigzied and c o n s tr u c te d by
'.-iecrs w itii l i t t l e i r r i g a t i o n e x p e r ie n c e , th in g s d id n o t work o u t a s
T. * .
2/
.b K
'!' V fiy c ri o f
s w e ll. D ir e c to r .
w l^ - a tT - n . e r v ic e " Tdo- -IgbY ,
MONT ANA
LOCATION OF HUNTLEY PROJECT AND RAILROADS IN MONTANA 1939
•RAILROADS
HUNTLEY PROJECT
F ig u re 2 . —Iiap Showing th e L o c a tio n o f H untley P r o je c t
and th e R a ilro a d s in Montana, 1939,
S
th 0 y w r e p lm m ed ,
•14-
Seepage soon began t o a p p e a r i n d i f f e r e n t p a r ts o f
t-iie p r o j e c t a i -T e c tin ; th e y i e l d s o f tsaasy o f th e f e r n e r s aiaJ rt^ q u irin , a
Ixarther o u tla y o f r o v e rn n e n t fu n d s i n th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f a S r a im ve
syetcra,
The T ecle e t i o u E x te n sio n Act was p assed by Con r e as on Au u s t 13,
1314, p ro v id in g f o r a n e x te n s io n o f th e re p a y ro n t p e rio d f o r 20 y ears*
The
Ire t
o u r i n s t a l l : .cu ts w ere each 2 p e r c e n t , to e n e x t to o in s ta llm e n ts
w ere each 4 p e r c e n t , and th e r e m i s i n g f o u r te e n i n s t& llm n ts w ere e ac h S
p e r c e u t o f tlie t o t a l c o n s tr u c tio n c h a r e , o r IA a t p o r tio n unpaid a t th e
tit® tine payments were to b e g in .
I n th e e a r ly 1 3 2 0 's to e w a te r u s e rs w ere
g e ttin g LelTdnd i n t h e i r payments t o suoh s a e x te n t t h a t Con/.p-ess p assed
r e l i e f a c t s in 1321, 1322, 1323, end 1924.
The A ct o f December 5 , 1324,
p ro v id e d th a t c o n s tr u c tio n c h a rg e s be based on th e p ro d u c tiv e power o f
th e la n d .
Payment u a tlsr t h i s p la n was t o be a t tli© r a te o f S p e r c e n t
o f th e a v erag e g ro ss maiut-l income o f th e to n p re c e d in g y e a r s .
A m sa le r
o f p r o je c ts to o k ad v an tag e c f t h is p a r t o f th e A c t, b u t th e Tuatley f r o J c o t
d id n o t .
f M s p a r t o f th e e c t was l a t e r r e p e a le d .
In lv2C tlie p e rio d o f repaym ent w as ex ten d ed t o 40 g u a r s .
The
p r o s o r t c o n tr a c t on T un tlo y P r o je c t c a r r i e s th e 4 0 -y c a r p ro v is io n on th e
o r I ; I n a l c o n s tr u c tio n c h a r ge o f
-&1 c h a rg e m o u n te t o
27
SO p e r a c r e .
The d r a in s e o r s a p p le -
, ,
e n Iy
pays;u Is a f t e r tlie o r i g i n a l ch arg e i s p a id .
There a re 10 ,1 0 0 a c r e s o f la n d on th e p r o j e c t , w hich are c l a s s i ­
f i e d e s t e n o r t .r i l y xmpr -c u e tlv e , Bi.. v iic h , under th e te rm s o f th e con­
t r a c t , tiro r e lie v e d o f pay in
c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t s s s Io n
a s th e y rem ain
t Is c l a s s .
Ilie SMOuiit s t i l l cue ext t h i s Ian u i s
Li- p e r a c r e .
There
a re 10,5 5 0 a c r e s o f la n d p aying c h a r g e s , on Tdiieh (56 p e r a c r e i s s t i l l
cue.
Tlie t o t a l a om it s t i l l due th e ^ e v e rm e z$t on th e p r o j e c t i s
1 1 ,2 2 5 ,0 3 4 .9 5 . z j
II.
PHYSICAL AID BC0MCE1C ESSOuKCgS OP IiE EDlTLhY KOJKCT
C lL aate
The c lim a te i n th e lfim tley a r e a i s v a r i a b l e .
Tlie T d n te rs a r e
S ttu e tire s open end s l i d , v d tit l i t t l e o r so s n o w fa ll, thou. Ii a t o th e r t i m e
th e y a r e r e l a t i v e l y s e v e re .
The a v e rs e f r o s t f r e e p e rio d i s 126 d a y s.
-1i# avBrai:;# a--uual r a i n f a l l fro
I S l l t o 1 :3 6 has hem. 1 5 .7 in c h e s , o f
w hich a o u t S in c h e s come d u rin g t h e grow ing sec.eon.
’fuck o f th e r a i n f a l l
CCHaea i n s h o r t show ers, Tdiich i s o f v e ry l i t t l e use to th e growing c r o p s .
Topography and. S o il i /
A d e ta i le d s o i l survey o f th e I im tle y P r o je c t lias n o t b een m d e ,
ui th e so I s have tiie . e n e r e l e h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f r i v e r d r x ia ite d s o i l s .
The s o i l s have developed o v e r a llu v iu m , d e o s ite d by th e Y ellow stone E l w r
toai by i n t e r m i t t e n t Strem r1S e n te r in g tiie v a l l e y .
The s o i l s or th e h i h e r
s lo p e s and b e n ch e s, d ev elo p ed o v e r sed im en t c a r r ie d in by s id e s tr o r u .&,
a re c h i e f l y deep s i l t y c la y and ©lay I oiurs, w ith more o r l e s s a l k a l i
c o n c e n tra te d i n th e s u b s o i l s .
ty
The s o i l s on th e low er benches and s lo p e s ,
E l l i o t t , . • £ . , S e c re ta ry o f
Iuntloy I r r i g a t i o n >r e j e c t .
< / S o il in fo rm a tio n was f u r n is h e d by t h e A grom oy D epartm ent o f
! em taca A g r ic u ltu r a l H xporiitont S t a t i o n .
-IC ot'ten eorored w ith iieesy wash fr o a th e h ig h er l e v e l s , are la r g e ly
s t r a t i f i e d sandy lo a is and s i l t lc a ^ s w ith an o c c a sio n a l
r a v el bar.
Drainage iiae boae ae n ecessary on so a o f the land lieoause o f the a lk a li
idiieh has bean brought to th e su rfa ce as the r e s u lt o f ir r ig a t io n .
The su rfa ce o f the lazui i s g e n e r a lly l e v e l and saoot.h, w ith slo p e s
of S to 8 f e e t per d i e .
Such grades aake I r r l a tio n p r a c tise simple*
’■(ator Supply &/
A la rg e p art o f th e p r o je c t i s i r r i ated from a rpravity oenal
vf. Ioh i s ta an out a t th e io tto ;i le v .I o f th e fellov»e tone
2 1 /2 o lio s Xusa t o f hunfcloy.
Ivor about
P rior t o Ui 6 1 , w ater was d iv erted d ir e c t ly
i'r.-y^ die Y ellow stone R iver, b u t th e not dry seasons o f 1951 to 1954, and
th e in c r e a se In row crop aoreaj e , bro .ght an Increased dosaani fo r I r r i ^pttlcn w ater•
In J u ly , 1951, th e r iv e r receded to such an e x te n t th a t
i t was found n ecessary t o b u ild a te. oorary dan a c r o ss the r iv e r a sh o rt
d ista n c e below th e he&dworfcs. In order t o supply the p r o je c t demand.
C onsiderable expense was required each year to keep up t h is temporary
Ia i, so i n 195-1 a pem anent conerote das w s c o ts tru e te d a t th e c o s t
o f ,0 ,5 0 0 .
P rior to 1923 th e ir r ig a t io n w ater used averaged 1 ,3 8 acre
f e e t per acre ir r ig a t e d .
S in ce 1823 th e water use- has been 2 ,5 0 acre
f e e t per ir r ig a te d a c r e .
There are 5,400 a c r e s in the southern and e a ster n e x tr * tes o f th e
i s tr ic t.
—17—
p r o j e c t Whioh ere fu r n is h e d m u e r throuLh a pu;q?ia, p l e a t .
Thia p la n t
punas on th e ev erap e o f ZO0OOO a e r e f e e t o f w a te r p e r y e a r a t th e ra k e
o f 52 otm t« p e r ao ro f o o t .
T ra n s p o rta tio n and
a rk e b s
The N o rth ern T a e lf le end th e C hicago, Iu rliB g to n , end Qnlney
r a i l r o a d s s n re th e -u n s le y P r o j e c t .
The
o r tite n
' a c l f l c r a i l r o a d ru n s
th ro u g h th e f u l l le n g th o f th e p r o j e c t , w ith te r m in a l• a t f o u r o f th e f i v e
towns o s th e p r o j e c t .
The Chioa e , B u rlin g to n , and la ia a y r a ilr o a d con­
n e c ts .,I t h th e Terfchem P a e lf lo a t H untley mid e x ten d s a lo n g th e so u th
b o rd e r o f t * p r o j e c t , ra n n ic
s o u th In to % « aia£ -.
S ta te h i hv.ay nisaber 10,
a l s o , runs th ro u g h t h e f u l l le n g th o f th e p r o j e c t , g i r l n
good eatofio t l e
and '..rutdtlag co n n ec tio n # w itli rH l l i n s , asking th e t h i r d l a r g e s t c i t y in
th e s t a t e r«c U ly a c c e s s ib le to th e p r o je c t by
o th r a il end highw ay.
The a rm ll town# on th e p r o je c t f u r n i s h l i t t l e p o s s i b i l i t y as
SBrhetiii;; c e n t e r s ,
c o p u la tio n o f 2 6 0 .
ta tc e
'u re a u o f
. c r i e r i s i \c l a r g e s t town
a .he p r o j e c t a sd has a
a n tle y has a p o p u la tio n o f 222 , i a l l a n t i n e ,
:iite d
c e la a a ti o n h e a d q u a r te r s , 160, Porapsys P i l l a r 106, and
-Ibbe 2 0.
There i s a cheese f a c to r y a t
a l l a n t i n e and a creamery a t
o rd en ,
w hich f u r n is h a market f o r p a r t o f th e d a ir y and p o u ltr y p ro d u c ts, b u t
sotae o f th e d a ir y and p o u ltr y p ro d u c ts a r e y a r k e te i a t
The 7i l l in. s L lv ea tee
H llin rs .
Cewmlssioa fu rn ish es a closes tarkefc fo r
liv e s to c k and r iv e s o u t u s e fu l market in f e r m tio n .
13-
■Sugar b e e t s , the m i s eesb o r p , arc shipped to tise Taetozy o f
th e
r ea t ’ c s t e m Sugar Cosspany a t D illin , ;*.
v ariou s
Other crops are shipped t o
iarkets ou ts I « th e s t a t e , over the r e la t iv e ly eo "iplete nete^ork
o f r a i l r o a s s own In T i .ire 2.
Crops Grows
C onditions on hxm tlsy P ro ject are conducive t o a d iv e r s if ie d type
o f Tar iiai-.
s^iioh b rin
Th* high o o st o f preduot i o a n e c e s s ita te s th e ^rowii.,; o f crops
};i h returns per a c r e .
As a r e s u lt , an avera a o f 65 per cen t
o f the cropped acroa e was in s o i l d e n le tin , crops fo r th e period 19321955. &/
Table I shows th e average acreage o f the lea d in g crops ea th e pro­
j e c t fo r th e period 1952-1936.
A lfa lf a hay occupied 2 6 .4 per cen t o f th e
cropped acreage? sugar -sots 20*8 per cen ts
r a in s . B a se ly , w heat, o a ts ,
..-arley, and c o m 2 6 .2 per oe t? Deans 4 .5 per c e n t, and pasture 3 ,6 per
c e n t.
P o ta to e s, le p t ie s e e d , garden, and o th er hay aade up the remaining
1 2 .4 per c e n t.
B w trend in crop acreage has rsRMdaed f a i r l y c o n s ta n t
V1«er period 19 2-1936 (a pendizt
).
Suptr b e e t acreage was reduced in 1035
because o f co n tra ct d i f f i c u l t i e s , but i t oa-ae back a a ln in 1936*
tarley
acreage i s tendIn^ to decrease w h ile o a t acres, e has b e e n vn th e in c r e a s e .
Corn acreage f lu c t u a t e s , bu t t Jiare ses'is t o be a s l i g h t tendency towards
in creased a c re a g e .
re je c t.
r . h . 'illsgsVoXd and J , D« a thew s. A g ric u ltu re on th e ilunfcley
a n t . Tzp. 3ta* Dul. 342, p . 9 .
-1 9 -
PER CENT
O
IO
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100
H A Y ...................
GARDEN..........
W H E A T ............
SUGAR BEETS
O A TS ................
PASTURE.........
BEANS..............
B A R LE Y ...........
CORN.................
F ig u re 3«— P er C ent o f Farms Growing V arious C rops, H u n tley P r o je c t,
1932-1936 Average*
20-
TAlSS I , - ACMiAO- OF LEiiIL.. CROPS
H tm tley P r o je c t
1932—IOEO Avora e
vrope
A cres
T o ta l cropped
23,261
P er c e n t
100
A l f a l f a hay
6,116
2 6 .4
Stij^ar b e e ts
4,816
20 .8
T ltea t
3,021
1 3 .0
Paettare
2,003
8 .6
O ats
1 ,4 8 0
6 .4
le a n s
1,130
4 .9
B arley
1,078
4 .6
Corn
501
2 .2
Ctam fo d d e r
158
.7
2 ,940
1 2 .4
M isc e lla n eo u s
S o u rcet
Crop Y ie ld R e p o r t, D e p t, o f I n t e r i o r , Lureau
o f B eclen at i o n , H untley J r o j a c t 1952-1936.
-2 1 -
Flgure S s 'flmrs th e per cen t » f f a r t s gWwlnl; the v a rio u s crop s»
A ll hhe f a r ui /rexy a l f a l i a , c lo v e r , or s
ee oth r
A ll crops excep t
b a rley c
e cr a were f;rensK *y tore tium 80 per een t o f the fareise
was prom
y 6 9 .5 per e en t >f the fa r
Parley
md corn raas grown by 65 per c en t
o f th e f a r i s .
L ivestock
Table I t shows th e BVerai c nudbere o f llvom took on :h» p r o je c t fo r
th e p eriod 1932-193C.
Cu an a i d .m l u n it b a s is , 2ti#G per eont were >e@f
e a t t i e , 2 1 .G per e e n t dairy c a t t l e , 15 >er e e n t io r se s and
u lo s , 15.1
per cen t fa r * sh eep , and 2 1 .7 p e r e en t were hope, fo w ls , fe e d e r c a t t l e ,
and fe e d e r sh een .
There has ieen no g r ea t ehezve In mimher o f liv e s to c k on fa m e fo r
th e period 1932-1936 ( a ; andix C ).
o f sheen an
-coi oat t i e .
The g r e a te s t v a r ia tio n teas in w ib»r
?* ir, was M kloifrtedly boaauae of V-e 'laelr o f a
separate c l a s s i f i c a t i o n fo r fe e ter c a t t le and fe e d e r sheep u n t il I t 1OC.
The fig u r e s e l s e show a d ecrease in numbers o f hops f o r tire p e r io d .
Figure 4 E tow* th e p er e e n t o f f a n s having th» v a rio u s kinds o f
liv e s to c k f o r th e period 1952-1936.
: a w ls, horse® , daisy c a t t l e , and
hogs were on o r e than SS per een t o f the f a m e .
e o f o a t t le were on Si
per een t o f t . - f a n s , su.J. sheep -e r e on only Z- per os it o f th e f a n s .
-2 2 -
PER CENT
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FOWLS
HORSES
DAIRY CATTLE
HOGS
BEEF CATTLE
SHEEP
F ig u re 4»—P er C ent o f Farms Having th e V arious Kinds o f L iv e s to c k ,
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
TABLE I I e-^jFJvKRS OF LIVESTOCK
H oetltty FlroJoct
1952-1956 Avoraco
5—2#r e a v .
L iv e s to c k
T o ta l l iv e s to c k
Anizaal
u n its b /
Per c e n t
100
-
9967
H orses and .ru le s
1808
1501
15#0
C a ttle , boef
2C62
2652
26#6
767
7#8
C a t t l e , fe e d e rs
767 e /
C a t t l e , d a ir y
2785
2145
21.6
Sheep, farm f lo c k
7552
1610
15 .1
i lieep, fe e d e rs
1811 a /
562
5#G
HogS
2142
638
5 .4
fo w ls
23556
494
4 .9
lioiaree:
S to ck Y ie ld arid K q alp so n t E e p o rta , Depte o f
I n t e r i o r , IJareau o f R ec la m a tio n , H untley P r o je c t
1932-1056#
ItJ A v a ila b le f o r 1936 only#
A n lm l u n i t I e d e fin e d a s one head o f b e e f c a t t l e ,
#85 h o r s e , #77 d a ir y cow, 6 sh e e p , 4 h o e , and 80 fowls#
-2 4 -
III.
AEALYSI S CF FA QSLQtelliAtliM AKD I SR3RBS
OH T m EUBTLLY project
e tl od o f A nalyeie
Tlie devolopnunt: o f a -Btithod o f a n a ly s is which was adaptable to
'. © d a te a v a ila b le wa. a najor pro b i e r in th e prose t ettadj •
i s based on th e average operations o f th e far: a
19£-2-1936.
The a n a ly s is
or th e 5 -year period
An a n a ly s is i s m d e o f a l l fa r e , w ith the r e s u lt s in the form
o f tho avor&f'^o farm, th us
I v i g a general p ic tu re o f ti$e entire p r o je c t.
I or tli© purpose o f g e ttin g a nore d e ta ile d p ic tu r e , tits fern s a re
broken down and analysed by typ e o f farm , s i z e o f f a r r , and ten u re o f oper­
a to r .
Inch breakdown i s enalyzod se p a r a te ly b ecause o f th e d ia t r i u tio n o f
th e s a p le w ith in each o f th e t Euree groups was such th a t a IroaMown by
TOups w ith in th e groups
awe a s c a tte r e d d is tr ib u tio n th a t would fu rn ish
l i t t l e or no b a s is io r c o n c lu sio n s (appendix l>) •
Crops were Cli idea in to tw o groups, Biuiely, cash crops and feed
c r o p s.
The d iv is io n was made on tlie b a s is o f food required fo r t i e l i v e ­
sto c k OB he f a n s . 7 /
"h e a t, sugar b e e t s , beans, p o ta to e s , and Iegune
seed s were c la s s e d a s cash c r o p s.
A lf a lf a hay, c le v e r hay, oth er hay ,
corn , b a rley and o a ts are c la s s e d a s fe e d e r p s , w ith th e ln e c m iron
liv e s t o c k r ep re sen tin g an in core from feed crops aid liv e s t o c k .
i / ' The feed req u ircrcn t was IiOiind'"by : id tlp ly in " tluT a ^ tm t” oT
feed ree !red per anin&l by the t o t a l nte e r o f the V arious typ es o f
liv e s t o c k . The feed req uired sad th e fe e d a v a ila b le fo r th e sample are
sbomi in appendix I .
Crop r e c e i p t s , f ig u r e d Irozr* c o sh c r o p s , e r e th e avere, o o f th e
y e a r ly o rop r e c e i p t s fror- th e v s rlo u s c ro p s f o r th e 5 -y e a r p e rio d 1832IV 36, based on s t a t e p r ic e s (a p p e n d ix F)»
Crqp expense d a t a were n o t a v a ile b lc f o r th e f arris u sed i n th e
a n a ly s is .
C ost o f p ro d u c tio n f ig u r e s r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f th e p r o j e c t w ere
d x f it- i l t t o
e t.
The f l iir e s used a r c based on tlio a c t u a l c o s ts s e c u re d ,
Uirough a p e rs o n a l I n te r v ie w , f r o s t v a r io u s for? v re s c a t t e r e d o v e r th e
p r o je c t (ap p en d ix
)*
Time d id n o t p o r u l t c o n ta c tin g enough farm ers to
iv© e n t i r e l y d ep en d ab le c o s t f i g u r e s , so th e f I u re s w ere o or p a re d w ith
c o s ts on o th e r i r r i g a t e d f& rvs from s t u d i e s f o r v a rio u s y e a rs and were
fo ltd co m p arab le. 8 /
The c o s t o f produc t i o n f ir u r c s used do n o t
iv e th e
e f f i c i e n t Aurmor easy adv an ta/ v o v e r th e i n e f f i c i e n t fa rm e r so t h a t a l l
ootriparisons o f Summ eon o n ly be trade on th e a d v a n ta g e s o f h ig h p ro d u c tio n
p e r a c re and th e n m b o rs o f li v e s t o c k kept*
..aeause o f th e la c k o f d a ta on li v e s t o c k c o s ts and p ro d u c tio n , a
fix e d g ro s s income was allo w ed each o f th e li v e s t o c k l i s t e d , o /
cows were
Ia iry
ivon a g r o s s incoiae o f #66 p e r h e a d , b e e f c a t t l e #20, h o rs
$6*60, siieep $ 4, and p o u ltr y # 2. IO /
S tu d ie s used ^oar comparison ‘a re s ta r v e in tM klWHagraphyiT"
d / F eeder c a t t l e and fe e d e r shoep w ere n o t Iv en a r Income l o r
t i l s D -year p e r io d . C a lc u la tio n * from fe e d re q Iroi ten ts and tlie s a le
p r ic e d id n o t a erw a n Income (ap p en d ix ) • I t i s a ss u m d t h a t b) ad­
ju s t? n fe e d in g p r a c t i c e s t o r e e t e x is tin g c o n d itio n s f s e d e rs broke even
f o r t h i s p e r io d .
i o / The g ro ss incorio f ig u r e s w ere approved by v a r io u s ian b ers o f
tiie A--Irml Iiuebsndry D epartm ent o f th e C o lle g e . The f ig u r e s a re p u rp o se­
l y low b ecause th e y r e p r e s e n t a l l o f each ty p e o f li v e s t o c k in s te a d o f
j u s t th e p ro d u c tiv e l i v e s t o c k . The o r i g i n a l d a ta do o t b re a k down th e
liv e s to c k in to a g e g ro u p s .
-2G -
L iv ss to o k expense i s vmOm up o f ti e e u r r e n t expense such a s medi­
c i n e s , n ilw i & ls, and v e te r in a r y c o s ts (api>endix I ) , end I n d i r e c t l y , I i v e s to c ' a r e ehfifged up w ith feed#
o p e r n tii
expense d o e s n o t In c lu d e
th e v a lu e o f feed#
T ax es, o p e ra tio n and ^aainte--w ,o e expense o f th e p r o j e c t , d e p r e c ia t l o n , and f m l l y l l v l n
income t o
expense w ere d e d u cte d f r o a th e c ro p and liv e s to c k
e t th e f i n a l n e t r e t u r n s p e r farm*
Taxes l l / w ere c h arg ed a t
th e r a t e o f 63#36 m i l l s on la n d end im prm for;n.r' s , 64*74 m i l l s on equipm ent,
66*68 m i l l s on h o r s e s , c a t t l e , an d slieep , and 53*08 n ill® on hogs and
p o u ltry *
Tlie l e g i s l a t i v e a c t o f
ay 2 5 , 1926, as e x p la in e d ab o v e, p ro v id ed
f o r th e d i v i s i o n o f la n d , on f e d e r a l re c la m a tio n p r o j e c t s , in to c la s s e s #
The r e s I t was th e d i v i s i o n o f la n d , on H tm tley P r o je c t, in to paying le n d
aiVi f i f t i i c l a s s len d *
(operation and m aintenance c o s ts w en c h ar ed a t t h e
r a t e o f <1.26 p e r a c r e on p aying c l a s s Im id 1 ^ / and a t o n e -h a lf th e r a t e
o r 63 c e n ts p e r a c r e on f i f t h c l a s s lan d # 1 3 /
l l / Taxes In c lu d e tlie 1o n e ra l Fund, U n iv ersity Fund, E dueaticm al
Fond I n t e r e s t and S in k in Fund, L iv e s to c k Tax, County Fun a . School f a x e s ,
and S p e c ia l Taxes#
1 2 / There a re on th e H untley P r o je c t 2 3 ,2X) I r r i ; a b le a c r e s o f
P*yin la n d char- ed a t 1 .2 5 p e r a c r e , and COOO I r r l i a b le a c r e s o f f i f t h
c l a s s la n d c h a r g e d a t 63 c e n ts p e r a o re#
1 3 / F e p c rt o f a h e a rin g h e ld by th e R e c la n a tio n i-epayswmt Conv ie s i o n , w ith r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s o f th e M m tley I r r i t^ t i o a D i s t r i c t , Mtmtley
I r r i Ration ! r e j e c t , December 8 , 1357.
-2 7 -
D e p re c ia tio a was charged &;:a in a t equipm ent a t th e r a t e o f 12 p e r
c e n t p e r y e a r and a g a i n s t b u ild in g s and irp ro v e n e n ts a t t h e r a t e o f 5 p e r
c e n t p e r y ear* 1 4 /
l a a i l y l i v i n g e x p en se , a h ic h in c lu d e s v alu e o f f a r
i n th e h e r e , was cltorged a t th e r a t e o f
p ro d u c ts used
151 p e r p e rso n (ap p en d ix ,7).
For
th e p e rio d s tu d ie d th e r e was an a v erag e o f 6*6 p e rs o n s p e r farm , 'nmMn
on
a v e ra g e o f $846 l i v i n g expense p e r fam ily *
A n a ly sis o f A ll Farms
A verage Fsrrj; value and
e t i.@ turns.— The Svora1e s i Ke o f farm 1 5 /
i n •. o Ba iplc s tu d ie d i s 75*5 a c re s* IG /
he p e rio d was
le a v in
7,514*
The a v e ra e x n lu e p e r farm f o r
The a v e ra e Inde ;te d n e ss p e r fa r. was #654*44,
an a v erag e n e t in v e stm e n t o f $7,059*56 p e r fa rm .
The a v erag e r e c e i p t s p e r fa r- w ere
2 ,2 2 5 .7 0 , o f w hich GO p e r c e n t
came from c ro p s and 40 p e r c e n t cane from l i v e , tack *
Tlie a v erag e farm
e x p e n d itu re s —w hich in c lu d e d c a s h o p e ra tin g e x p en se, o v e rh e ad , and fa m ily
I i v i : expense—w ere $ 1 ,9 0 5 .1 5 , I c a v i
an av erag e n e t r e t u r n o f
250*55
per fa re (ta b le I I I ) .
Fd / Value o f b u ild In s and improvement* was a v a l l a Xe f o r j u s t
t re e y e a r s , 1952, 1935, and 1&34W
F5 / Ctoly i r r i g a b l e a c r e s p e r f a r r w ere a v a il! l e , t u t th e an n u al
r e p o r ts o f th e p r o j e c t manager show v e ry l i t t l e d if f e r e n c e betw een t o t a l
a c r e s end i r r i a b le a c re s *
FC/
e
c e f e l l s w it’ i r th e
ro u p o f 2 0 -5 5 .
a c re s *
TABLE m » —AVEBAGE PAIS VALUE AID BET KBMRBS CE 121 KAKLS
Huntley P r o je c t
1352—15CG A verage
Itm a
A ll f e r n s
ITunber o f fa n a s
A cres p e r ftura
T o ta l v a lu e
In d e b te d n ess
Uet lm restaaent
121
TL. L
'7 ,0 1 4 .0 0
£54.44
t 7 ,0 5 9 .6 6 •
R eceip ts*
Crops
L iv e s to c k
T o ta l r e c e i p t s
1 ,5 5 1 .5 3
874.11
1 2 ,226.70
Expenses*
Cash o p e ra tin g
Overhead
F aiaily l i v i n g
T o tal expense
807.56
54-0.75
346.06
C l,095.15
Excess o f r e c e i p t s over*
Cash o p e ra tin g expense
Caslt o p e r a tin aiid overhead
expense
Cash o p e r a tin g , o v e rh e a d , and
f a d I y I Iviiv- expense
jy boos n o t in c lu d e c ': a t t e l o r t a; e .
1 ,4 1 3 .1 5
1 .0 7 7 .4 0
253.GG
TABLE IV . — EBT RETB: JS PEL ACiU OK 121 PAiISS
H untley P r o je c t
I 352-1D56 A vara e
B et r e tu r n s
A ll f arris
tQ o r l e s s
0 .0 1 -0 3 1 .9 9 b /
P er c e n t
o f farm s
A cres
per fa ra
Beteanas
per acre
1 0 0 .0
53.0
7 5 .5
6 5 .7
: 5 .0 6
—4*35
52.1
77.1
4 .3 3
932 and ov er
9 .3
1 1 2 .4
15.73
3 ^ in c lu d e s i n t e r e s t m iiiv e s tx £ n t a t u p e r co ^V ’p Iu s
COO, v a lu e o f o p e r a t o r 's I a l o r .
-2 9 -
DistriLatxo;- o f I a r s L., ',el: ;
3 «— - l i r t y - o i f h t p e r c e n t o f
th e f e r n s in th e sa«xplo showed no r e t u r n s above c a s h o p e r a tin g , o v e rh e ad ,
end f a t l y l i v i n g expense-.
There w ere 5 2 .1 p e r eei t o f th e f a i r s w hich
had a n e t r e t u r n , b i t i t vfas n o t I a r i e maem h t o a llo w a n i n t e r e s t on
in v e stm e n t and an o p e r a t o r 's wage# 1 7 /
Only 9 .9 p e r c e n t o f th e f e m e
had n o t r e tu r n * above c a sh o p e ra tin g e x p e n s e , o v criiead , f a s .tly l i v i n g
e x p en se , i n t e r e s t on in v e rte io n t, and an open t o r ' s wage ( f i g u r e 5 ) .
The 58 p e r e e n t o f th e f a m e showing a n e t lo s s Iiad a n a v erag e
lo s s o f
307.74 jk r farm o r a r arena, a l o s s o f
4 .9 3 p e r sere*
TM 1-2.1
p e r O tirt o f t h e fur- s w ith a n e t r e t u r n a v erag e d 1372.40 p e r f a r
or
4 .3 3
p e r s e r e , end th e 9 .9 p e r c e n t o f th e f a rris had an a v e r s ® n e t r e t u r n o f
1,94. .3 0 o r #13*78 p e r a c re ( t a b l e Hf)*
Tl$e group o f fa rsis w itii th e
h i he t Inocme had a n a v o ra e ln e o re o f #567*30 p e r f a m o r an av erag e
of
5*04 p a r a c re a owe c a s h o p e ra tin g , e x p en se , o v erh ead , f a n i l y l i v i n g
e x p en se, i n t e r e s t on in v o s tn e n t, and a n o p e r a t o r 's wa,ge.
D is tr ib u tio n o f I n v u s tre : t* — Fifpa** 6 allows th e av erag e d i e t r l b u H o n o f .invest; xm t p e r farm
o r th e en n p le s tu d ie d .
Of th e t o t a l Im r s t -
rtent p e r farm , w hich amounted t o L100*86 p e r i r r i g a b l e a c r e , 82*3 p e r c e n t
was In v e sto d i n la n d and improvoi-sents, 9*2 p e r c e n t was in v e s te d i n e q u ip ­
m ent, and 8*5 p e r c e n t was in v e s te d i n liv e s to c k .
The v alu e o f w a te r i s a ls o in c lu d e d i n th e t o t a l v a l e .
p o s s ib le t o se re-gate th e v a lu e s o f Ise i and. w ater*
I t la no t
Fach s e p a r a te , i n a n
a r i d r e g io n , i s w orth very l i t t l e , b u t th e e f f e c t o f t h e i r com b in atio n c a n
l f / T n to r e s t on in v e stS e n ¥ ’a ^ 'T 'p w o o n 't'a M "(T(K)
O jera to rts la b o r .
of"*
—30—
DOLLARS
F ig u re 5 •—D is tr ib u tio n o f Farms by K et R e tu rn s ,
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S o u rce:
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le I .
31-
thousands
0
2
OF DOLLARS
4
6
8
TOTAL
INVESTMENT ""
LAND AND
IMPROVEMENTS
INVESTMENT
EQUIPMENT
INVESTMENT
LIVESTOCK
INVESTMENT
F ig u re 6*— D is tr ib u tio n o f In v estm en t on 121 Farms
H u ntley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S o u rc e:
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le I I .
- 32-
e a s i l y be see n by th e ls c r y a s e in v a lu e o f th e la n d fro i
#4 p e r a c r e in
1907 to tlie p r e s e n t a v e rt e farm v alu e o f f 100.86 p e r i r r i g a b l e a c r e .
Land U se.— Of t i e t o t a l i r r i g a b l e a c re a g e p e r f o m , 8 3 .2 p e r c e n t
was c ro p p e d , le a v in g 1 6 .8 p e r oer-t a s f a n .iste n d , j-a rd s , r o a d s , d i t c h e s , and
w .s e ( f i / u re 7 ) .
T here m s 37*5 p e r c e n t o f th e i r r i g a b l e e e re a g e i n c a s h
c r o p s , a: d 4 5 .5 p e r o o n t o f th e ir r i,- tu ile a e re a ;e i n fe e d c r o p s .
ay rmde
up th e l a r g e s t s in g le a c r e a g e , w ith 22*5 p e r c e n t o f th e a v e ra g e farm lie in r
Ueed- f o r t h i s p ro p o s e .
Suj ;ar b o o ts ranlced second i n a c r e a g e , w i t h 18 p e r
e v t t pi s tv r o ra . ked t h i r d , w ith 11*4 p e r c
t j w heat ranked
o u r th , w ith
1 1 .3 p e r c e n t I end beans f i l t h , w ith 6 .6 p e r c e n t ; w ith e a c h o f th e o tiiv r
c ro p s a s k in g up Ie e a t3mn 6 p e r oe t o f t h e i r r i a? I e a e r c a g o .
D is tr ib u tio n o f I e c e lp : a . — Sugar b e e ts a r e by IVr tiie m eet
im p o rta n t so u rc e o f r e c e i p t s tr o n th e f a m e on t h e p r o j e c t ( f ig u r e 3 ) .
f o r t y - f i v e p e r c e n t o f tiie r e c e i p t s , f o r t ’lo p e rio d s tu d ie d , cane from
I h i s s o u rc e .
D airy c a t t l e r o r e second a s a so u rce o f in c o n e , f ta r n is h in g
31*9 p e r c e n t o f t h e t o t a l r e c e i p t s .
b u t 7.3 p a r c t t o f
na lnooino.
cans, Ib r :
s jo rio d f u n d shed
There i s a t e n d e r t o w a r d ea\ in o rt,ased
bean a c re a g e d u rin g t h e p a s t few y e a r s , tim e ln s r o a a ir i; tire iiqportarrce o f
bear, a s a so u rc e o f incom e.
Vdicat ran k ed p r a c t i c a l l y a s h ig h a s beans a s
a so u rc e o f in c o n e , w ith b e e f c a t t l e , h o g s, sh ee p , p o u l t r y , and
ie e e lla n e -
ous c ro p s each f u r n is h in g l e s s tita n 6 p e r c e n t o f th e t o t a l r e c e i p t s .
Sugar b e e ts f u r n is h e d 74 p e r c e n t o f th e c ro p r e c e i p t # ( f i g u r e 9 ) .
e a r s f a m is h e d 12 p e r c e n t , w heat iU m lsh e d 1 1 .5 p e r c e n t , an d o th e r
c ro p s f u r ish o d 2 .5 p e r c e n t o f th e c ro p r e c e i p t s .
-3 3 -
PER CENT
5
IO
15
20
25
HAY......................
SUGAR BEETS
FARMSTEAD
AND WASTE
PASTURE...........
WHEAT...............
BEANS...............
O A TS..................
BARLEY............
CORN..................
OTHER CROPS
F ig u re 7*—Land Use on 121 Farm s, H untley P r o je c t
1932-1936 Average*
S o u rce:
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le I I I .
34-
PER CENT
20
30
40
50
Figxure 8 . —D i s t r ib u tio n o f R e c e ip ts on 121 Farms,
H u n tley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S o u rc e:
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le IV .
35
PER CENT
O
IO
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
CROPS
SUGAR BEETS........
BEANS........................
WHEAT.......................
OTHER C R O PS......
LIVESTOCK
DAIRY CATTLE......
OTHER LIVESTOCK
BEEF CATTLE
F ig u re 9«— D is tr ib u tio n o f R e c e ip ts on 121 Farms
By Type o f R e c e ip ts
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S o u rce:
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le V.
-3 C -
L iire e to c k , a e a aourco o f r e c e i p t s , ■msre d iv id e d in to t h r e e o la a a e a ,
nam ely, d a ir y c a t t l e , b eo f c a t t l e , me! o th e r l i v e s t o c k .
D airy c a t t l e
fu r n is h e d 5 5 .9 p e r c e n t o f th e l i v c t o c k r e c e i p t s , w ith b e e f c a t t l e ra c k in g
second, fu m ieM n ,- l e s s t an h a l f a s
such a s d a iry c a t t l e .
P o u ltr y , sh e e p ,
and ho s acco u n ted f o r 51 p e r c e n t o f th e li v e s t o c k r e c e i p t s .
D is tr ib u tio n o f
e x p e n d itu re s .
g p e : n I l^tare 10 s owe th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f farm
Fg a ily l i v i n g expense 1 8 / m s th e l a r g e s t item o f e x p e n s e ,
a e o o w tin ^ f o r 4 2 .4 p e r e e n t o f th e t o t a l ex: o n e e .
Cl.eh
o p o ra tln
was p r a c t i c a l l y a s h ig h , w ith 40*6 p e r c e n t o f tivi e x p en se .
e x p en se
Overhead ex­
pense ; w le up th e rem ain in g 17.1 p e r c e n t o f th e e x p e n se s, w itli ta x e s an d
d e p r e c ia tio n
a c c o tm tin ; f o r 6 . 2 p e r c e n t , and 6 . 9 p e r c e n t r e s p e c tiv e ly .
O p e ra tio n and m aintenance expense o f tlie p r o j e c t accotm ted f o r b u t 4 .0
p e r c e n t o f idle t o t a l e x p e n se .
The h i ;h p e r c e n t going 1x> fa m ily l i v l n
i s due t o th e f a c t t h a t th e f ig u r e in c lu d e s both c a sh e x p en se f o r fa m ily
Ilv in
and v a lu e o f farm p ro d u c ts used i n th e h o r n .
A n a ly sis by Type o f F a m
A verage F a m Value and l o t D c trim a .—4 a m s o,: th e
m tle y I f o j o c t
c an I e d iv id e d i n t o t h r e e main t , p e e , nam ely, b e e t, b e e t-b o a si, and bean
fa rm s, w ith a few Aums h aving w h e at, legtaro s e e d s , o r p o ta to e s a s th e
main so u rc e o f c ro p incom e.
B eet Tart -S mede up by f a r th e l a r g e s t p a r
I y r VaralIy l i v i n g 1 expense in c lu d e s v a lu e o f farm p ro d u c ts used
i n tlie home, and c a s h expense f o r f a - tily l i v i n g .
-3 7 -
PER CENT
O
IO
20
30
40
50
FAMILY LIVING
CASH OPERATING
DEPRECIATION-
TAXES
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE
•
Figrure 1 0 .—D is tr ib u tio n o f Expenses on 121 Farm s,
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S o u rc e:
Z
A p p e n d ix K, T a b le V I.
c e r t o f th e fe,r s . 1 9 /
Seventy p e r c e n t o f th e f a r s wore b e e t Sarma,
10 p e r c e n t were c la sa o d r a
eet-bea*; f e n s , 5 p e r c e n t &a bean f a m s ,
and lb p e r c e n t a s wOthcr*' ty p e farm s*
TIte a v e ra a fa n : v a lu e end n e t r e t u r n s by tyi>c o f f a r
in i
c i t d l x L, t a b l e I#
f a r a ra n k in g seco n d .
f o r th e p e rio d s tu d ie d *
eot-L oc
fa r .
i s shown
m- v th e b e a t s :•>. L a , w ith b e e t
Both bean, f a r r s and “o th e r* farm s showed a n e t lo s e
Taken on a y e a r ly b a s i s ,
bo;
e o f th e s e f a m e s a y
have shown a n e t r e t u r n , b u t th e lo s s i n sen e y e a rs was h i h enough to
’.tore th a n o f f s e t t h e n e t r e t u r n s f o r th e 6 -y e a r p erio d *
s e t- b e e n f a r s had th e h i b e s t In v estm en t p e r a e r o , w ith b ean
fa n e s ra n k in g sec o n d , b e e t farm s t h i r d , aad “ o th e r" f a r e l a s t *
: a c t-b e a n
fa n a
seco n d ,
th e h ig h e s t r e c e i p t s p e r a c r e , w ith b e s t f a r .is r a a k ln
bean farm s t h i r d , and "o th e r* f a n s l a s t *
th e s a @ o rd e r a s r e c e ip ts *
In each
T o ta l e x p e n d itu re s ranked in
ro u p , ex e p t th e b e e t f a n s , f a n i l y
llv in
expen ses w ere th e h i h o s t Item o f e x p a n se , and i a b o o t farm s, fa m ily
I I r Ir.
c ; -JBfie and open t i l .
t: . u s e were a ou t eq u al*
In each
ro u p , th e
overhead expense W e up b u t a sm all p a r t o f th e e x p e n d itu re s •
TIie h ig h e s t n o t r e t u r n p e r a e ro was ; ad s by th e b e e t-b o a n fa rm s,
w ith
OeLv p e r I r r i a i-le a c r e .
L est farm s rautosd second w ith
«.-*13 p e r
I r r i- E i la a c r e , o r l e s s th a n h a ll tl m t i-u e by th o beet-..-son f a r # *
' enn f a r r s end " o th e r" f a r ' a each showed a n e t l o s s o f l 4 c e n ts and IX)
c e n ts p e r a c r e , r e s p e c tiv e ly ( t a b l e ¥ ) ,
1.......... T b / ""^anas w ere' classed" a s 'Lcot or' bc&n wkep™^ p e r c e n t oir
more o f th e r o s e c ro p ln eo n e cas e iror e i t h e r o f th e s e c r o p s . *.arms
w ith 26 p e r c o s t o r jscspe o f th e -ro s e c ro p iaeoEse froia each o f th e c r o p s ,
b e e ts and b e a n s, were c la s s e d a s be ;t- b e a n
The r c Sainini• f a r s
were c la s s e d " o th e r" f a r 8 .
TAFLB V.—AVBKAuE FATuM VALtiE AKD NET M t m i S HSK ACSgf CY TYPE OF FAJv
H m tley P r o je c t
1958-1936 Average
Ite c
Beet
1Type o f FarrBeet-Bean
can
Other
6
52 .6
f 107.21
0 .6 6
9 3 .GG
18
67.2
$84.65
6.58
76.05
Im b e r o f fa r e s
Acres per farm
T otal valu e
Iraiebtedness e /
! e t In v e st e r t
85
7 9.8
199,97
6 .3 5
93.12
12
69.0
$129.19
12.02
117.17
R eceip ts;
Crops
L iv esto ck
T otal r e c e ip ts
18.89
1 1 .3 4
50.25
27.66
12.79
40.46
10.73
14.38
25.11
7.66
11.32
18.88
Slxpeneesi
CaeIi op erating
Overhead
Family liv in g
T otal expense
11.39
4 .4 5
1 1.20
2 7 .0 4
12.68
5.9 3
13.23
31.89
6 .6 4
4 .5 6
1 4 .6 6
2 6.66
6,49
3.90
8.99
19,38
1 8 .6 4
27.77
13.46
12.40
14.33
21.85
14.10
8.49
3 .1 0
8 .66
«54
- .6 0
x c o s8 o f r e c e ip ts over:
Cash operatin g expense
Cash operatin g and
overhead expense
Cash o p era tin g , overhead, and
fam ily llv in f' expense
fcoes mi" in ciu d e ch attel" 'nortT a "e.
—40—
The h ig h incone f o r b e e t-b o a n f e m e , w ith been f a m e showing &
r e t l o s e , can p a r t i a l l y b e e x p la in e d by th e c l a s s o f la n d W in - fa m e d
v ea-
t„-pe group*
BeoWboan farm s Iuad th e lo w e st p o rc e n to e o f f i f t h
c l a s s la n d o f any g ro u p , w h ile bean f a m e had th e h ig h e s t p e rc e n ta g e o f
f i f t h c l a s s l a d p e r fa m * g p /
^ T jtrlla s t '.on. o f ia n rn by 1e t ->votums»—Yhe d i s t r i b u t i o n o f f a r Q
K n e t r e tu r n s by t i p e o f I'&rm i s shown i n H u re 1 1 .
The b e e t-b e a n
c l a s s h a s th e highe s t p e r c e n t o f farm s showing a n e t r e t u r n above c a sh
o p e ra tin g e x p e n se , o v erh ead , and i ^ n i l y l i v i n g e x p en se .
B eet farm s ra n k
seco n d , been f e m e t h i r d , and " o tiie r11 farm s l a s t (ap p en d ix L, ta b l e I I ) ,
The " o th e r" ty p e c l a s s lias th e h ig h e s t p e r c e n t o f ia n a a ebowin*
a n e t lo s s .
L ix ty -o n e p e r c e n t o f th e "O tlier" ty p e f arras showed an a v e r­
ag e n e t lo s s oi
SC:i.2b j 50 p o r c e n t o f th e bean fb rn e showed an ax e ra o
n e t lo s s o f
B23.58$ S b .3 p e r c e n t o f t h e b e e t f a r m showed an av o ra a
n e t lo s e o f
286.46$ and 1 6 .7 p e r c e n t o f th e b e e t- b e a n f a r m shewed an
a v erag e n e t lo s s o f
2 6 4 .8 4 .
Tliere wore 6 8 .3 p o r c o i t o f t h e b e e t-b e a n f a r s showing an a v e ra e
n e t re tu rn o f
4 9 0 .2 0 , b u t tlr o ir n e t r e t u r n w as n o t la r g e enoui;h t o a llo w
an i n t e r e s t o r Isv o staM n t end a wage t o t h e o p e r a to r . 2 1 /
The b e e t-b e a n
c l a s s had 26 p e r c e n t o f t h e r a m s , w liioh i s by f a r th e l a r g e s t par oa t
o f f a r m i n th e h ig h g ro u p , w itls an a v e ra g e n e t r e tu r n o f 1 1 ,3 0 4 .2 2 o r
I o e W oan f i j n s a v e ra od 1 4 .6 p o r c e n t f i f t h c l a s s l a d$----h o o t f a r IS S I . G p o r c e n t , bean fa rm s 4 2 .7 p e r c e n t and "O tlterw f a r m
42.1 p e r c e n t f i f t h c l a s s la . d .
21/ I n t e r e s t on la c w sstrsn t a t S p e r c e n t and #600 v a lu e o f
o p e r a t o r 's la b o r .
IOO
90
80
20
10
0
BEET
BEET-BEAN
BEAN
OTHER
TYPE OF FARM
I
KXX
KX / J
,_____ _
PER CENT OF FARMS HAVING A NET LOSS
PER CENT OF FARMS HAVING A NET RETURN ABOVE CASH
OPERATING, OVERHEAD, AND FAMILY LIVING EXPENSE
PER CENT OF FARMS HAVING A NET RETURN ABOVE CASH
I - I OPERATING, OVERHEAD, AND FAMILY LIVING EXPENSE,
-------- INTEREST ON INVESTMENT AND AN OPERATORS WAGE
F ig u re 1 1 .— D is tr ib u tio n o f Farms By Net R etu rn s By Type o f Farm
H untley P r o j e c t , 1932-1936 A verage.
Source:
Appendix L, T able I I
a n avers, e n e t r e t u r n o f
540*22 above o p e ra t l i ; e x p en se, o v erh o ed , fa m ily
I i viz: , i n t e r e s t on i n v e s t o u t , and a wa a t o tlie o p e ra to r*
There w ere BG*G p e r c o n t o f th e bo t f a r a w hich had an av erag e
B et re t i n . o f
572*48, b u t t h e i r n o t r e t u r n w as n o t la r g e enou h to a llo w
a r e t u r n on in v c s t r s i it and a wa, e f o r th e o p e ra to r*
Tiaere w e re 8*2 p e r
c e n t o f th e b o o t Stur m w ith a n e t r e t u r n o f $1,756*71 o r a n e t r e t u r n o f
$757*71 above o p e ra tin g e x p e n s e , o v e rh e a d , fa m ily
on in v e stm e n t, and a wn e f o r t h e o p e ra to r*
liv in g
e x p en se , i n t e r e s t
T herev ere o n ly a b o u t o n e - th ir d
a s m s y b o a t f a r s &a b e e t-b e a n f a r m w ith a rust r e tu r n above O peiw tlng
e x p en se , o v e rh e a d , fa m ily l i v i n g e x p en se . I n t e r e s t on in v e s tm e n t, an d a
•wage f o r th e o p e r a to r , b u t t h i s 5 .8 p e r c e n t o f th e f a r m had tw ice a s
h ig h an e x c e s s a s d id th e b e e t-b e a n farm s*
There w ere no b ra n farm s w ith a n e t r e t u r n la r g e e: ou; :h to a llo w
f o r i n t e r e s t on In v e stm en t an d a wn e f o r th e o p e r a to r , a lth o u g h 60 p e r
c e r t o f t h e b e a n f a r a d id have an a v e ra g e n e t r e t u r n o f f 266*89*
The "O tiiortt ty p e o f farm s had th e lo w e st p e r c e n t o f farm s show­
in g a n e t r e t u r n a ev e c a s h o p e ra tin g e x p e n s e , o v e rh e ad , and fa m ily l l v l n
e x p en se, w itli 35*5 p e r c e n t o f t h i s c l a s s o f f a r s b av in
r e tu n a o f
Im In
396*97*
an a r e r a e n e t
Tbtere w ere 5*6 p e r c a n t o f t h e " o th e r" ta p e e f farm s
a n e t re tu rn o f
1 ,0 7 9 .2 1 w hich was
135.21 in e x c e ss o f tbte o p er­
a tin g ©xfiorse, o v e rh e ad , fa m ily l i v i n g , i n t e r e s t on in v estm en t* and a
wage f o r th e o p e ra to r*
T able VI a ows th e av erag e r e t r e tu r n s p e r a c r e by ty p e o f flurn,
showing tlie p e r c e n t o f f a m s in each
ro u p la v in g a n e t l o s s , a n e t r e t u r n
above c a s h o p e ra tin g e x p en se , o v e rh e ad , a n d fa m ily l i v i n
expense an d , a
-ABLE VI**—ATKRJkGS S8T RFTURHS PRE ACRE BY TYfS OF FJJgH
•m tlay P r o je c t
1952-1956 Avorp.f'e
r cen t
farms
Average
retu rn s
e r acre
Peat fa m e
Low income -ppoup*
- e d i m incone group*
High lneome gi-oup*
100
5 5 .3
5 8 .5
0 .2
$5.13
-4 .3 d
4 .5 6
1 4 .0 0
B eet-B een f a m e
Low lncone group
led lu m Income group
Itl^h Income grovqp
100
1 8 .7
5 8 .3
2 6 .0
a . os
—C. 40
G.12
1 2 .9 7
Eean f&ms
Low incone group
Bediura income group
High in c o m group
100
50
GO
—.5 4
-5 .5 8
5 .0 4
OtIser ty p e fam e
Low income group
medium income group
High income group
100
6 1 .1
3 5 .3
0 .6
- .5 0
-6 .8 9
£ .1 4
1 9 .2 7
* Lew Income roup - Fam e w ith n e t lo s e
* Mediae Income Group - Fam e w ith a n e t retu rn
aiwve eaeh o p e r a tin g , o w r liec d , and fa I l y liv in g
exp en se, but ia e r u ffic ie n t t o a llo w an in t e r e s t on
investm ent a t 6 per c e n t and an o p era to r’s wa o o f
#600.
* High Income roup — Fenne w ith a n e t retu rn above cash
op erating expense, overhead, f B illy l i v i i x expense,
in t e r e s t on Investm ent a t 5 per c e n t, and an o p era to r’s
>m c o f 300.
■44-
iwst r e t u r n above cash o p e r a t i c ; e x p en se , o v e rh e a d , £ m .ily l i v i n g e x p en se ,
i n t e r e s t on Iovestznenfc, and a n o p e r a to r ’ s v a ^ o , on mi a c re b a s i s .
A n a ly s is by S i t e o f J-ara
Avei^. e I. a m va lu e and b e t Be t u r n s . —The a v e ra e farr- v alu e and
n e t r e t u r n s by s iz e o f f a r o i s s own I n a p re n d ix M1 t a b le 1#
s tu d ie d does n o t in c lu d e a r y f a r n s w ith l e s s th a n 20 a c r e s ,
The sample
th e r e a r e a
few on t h e p r o j e c t , b u t th e re c o rd s w ere n o t a v a l l a I e f o r th e f u l l f iv e
y e a r p e r io d .
There a re a ls o fb m a l a r g e r th a n 220 a c r e s , b u t o n ly on e,
w itli 271 a c r e s was o m p l c t e , so t h a t p r a c t i c a l l y no c o n c lu s io n s c an be
drawn f o r f a m s l a r g e r th a n 220 a c r e s .
Tlie I a r u s t n trib e r o f farm s i n
th e ssj p ie f e l l w ith in Die group o f 20-69*99 a c r e s , th o u h th e r e wore
p r a c t i c a l l y a a many i n th e n e x t l a r g e r group*
S li g h t l y
o r e tiian 80 p e r
c e n t o f Die farm s a v erag e d l e e s th a n 100 a c r e s p e r f a n : .
The s m a lle r farm s Itad th e h lg h s t t o t a l v a lu e p e r a c r e ( t a b l e V II)
■with a ten d en cy f o r a d e c re a s e in v a lu e p e r a re vdlth an i n c r : aao i n s iz e
o f farm*
The s m a lle r f a n a showed Die h i b e s t t o t a l r e c e i p t s p e r a c r e ,
w ith p r a c t i c a l l y th e s a c prop, r t i o n o f th e r e c e i p t s ooEdrv from c ro p s
f o r each o f Die groups*
The s m a lle r farm s a ls o showed Die h ig h e s t ex­
p e n d itu re s p e r f e r n , w ith a low er n e t r e t u r n f o r Die s m a lle r f a r o s as th e
re s u lt*
TIie h ig h e s t p e r a c re i t e
o f expense l o r th e a m i I farm s was th e
f STiI l y l i v i n g ex p en se, a lth o u g h tlie t o t a l fam ily I lv in f 1 ex p en se was
h ig h e r f o r t h e l a r g e r farm s*
The h ig h e s t p e r a c r e ite m o f expanse f o r
th e la r g e farm s m s Die c a s h o p era t i n
th a n t h a t f o r D e e a a ll farms*
e x p en se , tiiough i t i s s t i l l lo w er
Ovarhsiad expense p e r a c r e w as a ls o h i h e r
IALIS V II— AVtKAGE FABM VALUE AIIF- FKT Bi TCRW R B ACK?, PY SIi ?: OF FAi I
H u n tley P r o je c t
19F5-193G Average
I t e n __________________ 20-CQ.2C
C@-09.69
F iae o f farm in Aorea
......................... .
IOO^i39.99 1 4 0 -l7 9 .% 166-216.99 220
Pucber o f fa m e
A cres p e r fa ir:
T o ta l v a lu e
In d eb ted n eee a /
K et lm n e e tn en t
51
4 5.2
#126.99
9 .4 6
117.55
47
7 8 .0
#97.16
9.9 2
8 7 .2 4
14
1 1 6 .6
197.51
2 .9 7
9 4 .5 4
4
151.9
t 88.26
2 .2 6
8 6 .0 0 v
4
192.3
$69.07
5,21
66.86
I
271
$76.46
4 .4 4
72.02
R eceip ts*
Crops
L iv e s to c k
T o ta l r e c e i p t s
2 1 .G4
14.00
Sb. 64
1 7.46
12.05
29.51
10.07
10.40
23.47
1 6 .9 4
11.85
28.77
11.51
6 .4 9
13.20
11.67
6.5 2
18.19
Expenses t
Cash o p e ra tin g
Overhead
F a a ily l i v i n g
T o ta l expense
12.15
5 .5 4
15.16
52.34
1 1 .0 4
4 .4 6
12.26
27.75
10.56
4 .2 3
9 .0 7
23.71
10.48
5.73
7,7 0
2 1 .5 V
7.0 7
3.31
5.26
15.64
6.09
3 .67
2.7 9
13.56
23.48
1 8.46
13.11
18.29
11,33
12.20
17.94
14,01
13.83
14.66
8 .0 2
8,6 3
2.7 9
1 .7 6
4 .7 6
6.3 6
2.76
4.8 6
Excess o f r e c e ip ts o v e r;
Cash o p e ra tin g expense
Caeh o p e r a tin end o v er­
head expense
Cash o p e r a tic , o v e rh e ad ,
and fa m ily l i v i n g expense
*/
Does n o t in c lu d e c lm tte l mcrtn&^ce#
«46f o r th e s n a i l f a m e , w ith a tenden cy Xdr a d e e r a so w it!: a n in c re a s e I n
a c re a g e .
There see a to be a r e l a t i o n s h i p betw een n e t r e tu r n s p e r a c re
s iz e o f f a m .
Tito group o f ta r n s o f 140*179*90 a c re s showed th e h i; h o s t
n e t r e t u r n s , #6*86 p e r a e r o , w ith a tendency i ‘o r a d e c re a s e i n n e t r o t u m s p e r a c r e e i t h e r way from t h i s croup*
The gro u p o f Vcrma o f from
20-63*93 a c r e s had p r a c t i c a l l y th e sane n e t r e tu r n s p e r a c r e a s th e g ro u p
from r 0-219*33 a c r e s , w ith
2*79 and
2*?6 p e r a c r e r e s p e c tiv e ly *
The
pjtoxt-p o; f a m e from 60-99*99 a c r e s Ims th e lo w e st n o t r e t u r n s , w itli an
a v erag e o f
1*76 p e r a c r e .
By s iz e o f f a m , a s by ty p e o f farm , th e m means t o b e a r e l a t i o n s ip
etw een n e t r e tu r n # a r d p e r c e r t o f f i f t h c l a s s la n d p e r fa m *
The
Toup o f f a n s 140—179*99 a c r e s , w ith th e h ig h e s t n e t r e t u r n s p e r a c r e ,
had. 29*2 p e r c e n t o f th e far*- lan d in th e f i f t h c l a s s , w h ile th e cro u p
60-59*93 a c r e s , w ith t h e lo w e st n e t r e t u r n s , had 36*2 p e r c e n t o f th e
farm lend, in th e f i f t h c la s s *
The g ro pe 20-59*90 ai.d 180-219*99 Imd
p r a c t i c a l l y th e s a ie n e t r e tu r n * p e r a c r e , Vut tiie lo w er group had 15*7
p e r c e n t o r Ute farm a s f i f t h c l a s s la n d , and th e I a r a r , ro u p Imd 6C*2
p e r c e n t f i f t h c l a s s lan d *
%e
roup o f f a r s o f 100-1 i 9.9 3 a c re s bad
th e t h i r d h i Ti a t n e t r e t u r n p e r ac e , b u t th e sec o rd lo w e s t p e r c e n t
o f f i f t h c l a s s land*
The s i n I c f e r n in bhe Vii it
ro u p had a h ig h n e t
r e t u r n and a l s o had th e h i h a t p e r c e n t o f f i f t h c l a s s la n d , w ith 6 2 .3
per
Cv-
t o f th e f a r
i n t h i s c la s s *
There ia n o t e s d i r e c t a r e l a t i o n s h i p bettm ei f i f t h c l a s s la u d
and n e t r e t u r n s by s i z e o f f a r
a s t h e r e i s betw een f i f t h c l a s s la n d and
n e t r e t u r n s by ty p e o f f a r r *
l i s t r l b u t l on o f Far:,a by l o t R e tu n s . — i-i o re 12 shows tlie d i s t r i ­
b u tio n o f f a r o s by n e t r t u r n s , try s iz e o f f e r n .
an in c r e a s e in th e p e r c e n t o f f a r o s s' owlr,
There i s a tendency f o r
a n e t r e t u r n , wit]- an in ­
c re a s e i n th e s iz e o f farm .
The two g r o u p s o f la r g e f a r o s had no f a r o s sh o w lr, a n e t l o s s .
The g ro p o f f a r o s o f 140-179,99 a c r e s had 25 p e r c e n t o f th e fa ro s s o w
W : a n A vera e n e t l o s s o f 15 2 3 .8 2 , w h ic h was th e I a r c a t avers, o n e t lo s s
o f any g r o u p .
The group o f f a r o s o f 1 0 0 -1 3 9 ,6 9 a c r e s Imd 2 1 .4 p e r c e n t o f
th e f a r o s showing a n a v e ra g e n e t lo s s o f
o f any .-roup showing a l o s s .
145.15 o r th e lo w e st av ert, e l o s s
The ; roup 6 0 -9 9 ,9 9 a c r e s had 4 2 .6 p e r c e r t o f
th e f a n s s owing an a v e ra e n e t lo s s o f <3 1 3 ,5 6 , w ith t h e group o f e e l l
f& rns Imvia/ 4 3 ,1 p e r c e n t o f th e f a m e showing a n a v erag e n e t lo s s o f
5 1 4 .0 0 .
A ll th e f o r a i n tlio two la rg o groups had & n e t r e t u r n ab o v e c a sh
ope i a t i n
e x p en se , over]-,.,ad, az'd f a U y liv in g e x p en se, b u t none o f th e
fan/T-s in th e s e
ro u p s had a n e t r e t u r n I e r e enough t o a llo w an i n t e r e s t
on in v e stm e n t and a wage f o r tl$e o p e r a to r .
F i f t y p e r c e n t o f th e f a r o s
in th e group 140-179,99 had e n av erag e n e t r e t u n
of
£41*84, wMeh was
• o i la r g e euou h t o a llo w an i n t e r e s t on tn v e stz m n t, and a wa e f o r th e
o p e r a to r .
~ ~ \z /
T w en ty -fiv e p e r c e n t o f t i s
In c lv d o s .lu s t one f a r o .
r up 2 2 / M d an a v e rs e n e t
48-
IOO
IOO
90
90
80
80
70
70
Crt
cn
5
60 CZX
o
50
z
LU
o
40 cx
UJ
5 60
U-
LU
CL
CL
30
30
20
20
10
IO
O
0
20
TO
5 9 .9 9
60
TO
9 9 .9 9
IO O
TO
1 3 9 .9 9
140
TO
1 7 9 .9 9
180
TO
2 1 9 .9 9
2 2 0
AND
OVER
S IZ E OF FARM
g
n o n
P E R CEN T OF FARMS HAVING A N ET L O S S
P E R C EN T OF FARMS HAVING A N E T R ETURN ABOVE CASH
FAMILY LIVING E X P E N SE
KX/3 OPERATING, OVERHEAD, AND
______ _ PER CEN T O F FARMS HAVING A NET R ET U R N ABOVE CASH
O PERATING, OVERHEAD, AND FAMILY LIVING E X P E N S E ,
1--------- IN T E R E ST ON IN VESTM ENT AND AN O PERATORS WAGE
FT7Tl
F ig u re I 2 •—D is tr ib u tio n o f Farms By Met R etu rn s By S ize o f Farm
H un tley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S ource:
Appendix M, T able I I
retu rH o f
4 ,0 0 7 .3 7 or a: avers, ;e o f
2 ,7 2 7 .5 7 a .ove operatin;
expense,
overhead, fto.tily liv in g exp en se. I n te r e s t on investm ent and e w e
fo r
tlie o p era to r.
’u ere were 6 7 .2 per c e n t o f th e fe r n s in the --roup 100-139.99
a cres w ith an evcrare n e t return a ove cash o p era tin g exponas, overhead,
G ■■ a
Iy I iv in
expense o f $ 4 2 0 .7 4 .
ih s r e were 2 1 .4 per c e n t o f tl is
t o g P * l t h an avera o n e t retu rn o f C l.6G 9.24 or a: overa e o f ;4 )5 .2 4
above casli op eratin g ex p en se, overhead, feu i l l y liv in g ex p en se. I n te r e s t
on in vestm en t, and an o p era to r’s wage.
The group o f fa r m o f 60-99 .9 9 a c re s had 51*1 per eez.t o f the
farms w ith an average n e t retu rn above cash o p eratin g ex p en se, overhead,
and fam ily I iv in
expense o f !3 7 1 .6 4 , which i s n o t la r g e ©>, ou, h t o a llo w
in t e r e s t on in vestm en t, and an o p e r a to r ’s w e fo r t h i s - r up.
There
were 6 .4 per c e n t o f tliee e forma w ith tm a v era /e n e t return o f
1 ,2 6 6 .0 9
o r an aver® e o f ,, 286.09 al>ove cash operatin, • expence, overhead, fam ily
livin g; expense, in t e r e s t on investm ent end ai. o p era to r’ s w e .
TIie roup o f flam s o f 20-69.99 a c r e s , w ith th e lo w e st per c e n t o f
fa r r e showing a n e t r e tu r n , Iiad 49 per c e n t o f th e flam s w ith an avert, o
n e t retu rn too low to a llo w in t e r e s t on investm ent and an o p era to r’s wa e .
About 8 per c e r t o f t h i s . r up laid an aver a e n e t return o f
which i s
1 ,1 4 2 .6 5
268.63 above cash operating, expense, overhead, fa I l y liv in g
expense, in t e r e s t on in vestm en t, and an o p era to r’s w age.
Table VI C a owe th e average n o t retu rn s per acre by s i s e o f farm,
showirr1 th e per c e n t o f farms in each group having a n e t l o s s , a n e t return
above cash op eratin g exp en se, overhead, f a I ly I iv in
expense, and a n e t
-5 0 -
TAJ
V I11 — AVEJtAfiE RET BBTtSOiS I sSS AC! E BY : IZE OF FA:'
Huntley Fsroject
1932-1056 Averei -O
S ite o f fa n s in acres
P e rc e n t
o f fa n e
Av r a e F a tu m a
p e r a c re
20-59.99
Low income group*
SSedltsa income group*
High ln eo n e group*
100
45.1
4 9 .0
7 .9
S 2*79
-7 .5 5
7.8 8
22.06
GO-99.99
Low income group
Med in a income group
High IncoiaB group
100
4 2 .6
51.1
6 .4
I . 76
- 4 .1 0
4 .7 9
1 3 .8 9
100-139.99
Low income group
Meditm income group
Hl;<h income group
100
2 1 .4
57 .2
2 1 .4
4 .7 6
-1 .3 6
3 .7 4
1 2 .5 5
140-179.99
Low incone group
Medium Incone group
HI, h inoone group
100
25
50
26
6 .86
-5 .2 1
2 .2 7
27.50
180-219.99
Lmr income group
Medium income grou?
High in co n e group
100
2 .7 6
100
—
2.7 6
-
100
4 .8 6
100
4 .8 5
220 and o v e r
Low income group
Medium lneone group
Hl^h income group
• L o w income ro u p - a r s h av 'in r a D o t 'loes* " r" “ '
* !Medium Incoeae Croup - f arms h a v in g a n e t r e tu r n above
c a s h o p e r a tin g , ovurhuad, and f a I l y l i v i n g e x p o s e ,
b u t in.Bui. i c l e n t to a llo w i n t e r e s t on In v eatm en t a t 6
p e r c e n t and an o p e r a t o r 's wage o f (0 0 0 .
♦High Incoce roup - Farms h av in g a n e t r e t u r n above cash
o p e ra tin g e x p en se , o v e rh e ad , fa m ily l i v i n g e x p e n se ,
i n t e r e s t on in v e stm en t a t 6 p e r c e n t , a rti an o p e r a t o r 's
wage oi' GOO.
—Li­
re turn above cash op eratin g expense, overhead, fsuaily liv in g expense,
xii ?rost on in vestm en t, and an o p e r a to r 's wn e , on an acre b a s is .
A n a ly sis by Tenure o f Operator
Avera a »ar
-aln e a d
et
e tu r n .-—Tlie avera a farri value and
n o t return by tenure o f operator i s shown, in appendix I , ta b le I ,
The
ftem s were d ivid ed in to owner, p art owner, and r en te r c l a s s e s , 2 3 / w ith
64 Pe r c e n t o f th e fe r n s c la s s e d a s owners, 15 per ce t c la s s e d a s part
owners, and SI per c e n t c la s s e d a s r e n te r s .
Table tx shows th e avera e tu r n valu e and n e t r etu r n , per I r r ig a b le
a c r e , by tenure o f o p e r a to r .
Part owners operated ty fa r th e la r g e s t farm s,
w ith an average o f 1 24.2 a cres per farm valued a t 686.08 per a c r e .
I-e n te r s
were second I r s iz e o f fe r n open, ted w ith 7b a c re s per farm valued a t ; 94*90
per a c r e , and owners operated 0 3 .2 a cres per f a r
valued a t
111.99 per a c r e .
Owner operated f a n s s'nmved th e h ig h e s t r e c e ip t s per a c r e , b u t they
a ls o had th e h ig h e s t expenditures per a c r e .
° 1°' <-c
thus havii
Part owner operated farms had
r e c e ip t s per acre and a ls o had th e lo w e st expense per a c r e ,
the h i lie s t n e t r etu r n , $3*88 per a c r e , o f any c l a s s .
operated fa ro s ranked c lo s e to p art owner operated farms w ith
Owner
3 .8 6 per
a c r e , w ith ren te r operated fa r o s f a l l i n g below e i t l i e f , idtii a n e t return
o f t 1 .2
per acre*
m e re seems t o ue no r e la tio n s h ip between n-st r e tu r n s and per c e n t
o f f i f t h c la s s land t y te n u re o f o p era to r, a s lias been th e o ne in the
Ovmer, owned a i l la i d op erated , p a rt ow o r , owned part and
rented p a rt o f th e land op erated , and r e n te r , ren ted a l l land op erated .
•52-
TAELB EX— AVEPdUHi FARM VALUE ASD IE T FETUSSS FEE ACBK
BY TEMUEB CF OPERATOR
lh m tley P r o je c t
1932-1936 Aver&f-e
_____________________Per I r r it a b le Acre
Owner
Part
owner
lym ter
Mo* o f fa m e
Acres per farm
T otal value
Indebtedness
S e t lm restnent
66
6 5 .2
<111.99
10.46
101.64
17
1 2 4 .2
£06.88
4 .5 1
i 02.67
58
7 5 .0
i 04.33
5 .0 5
389.94
Pieceipts *
Crops
L iv esto ck
T otal r e c e ip ts
18. :
13.61
32.48
15.79
9 .1 5
24.94
10.06
10.40
20.46
I xpenseet
Cash operating
Owriteod
F e e ily liv in g
T otal expense
11.22
6 .0 8
1 2 .3 4
28.64
9 .1 0
4 .0 8
7.03
21.06
1 1.13
4.01
1 2.06
27.19
21.23
1 6 .8 4
17.34
1 6.20
11.76
13.32
3 .8 6
5.88
1 .2 8
Ite o
Excess o f r e c e ip t s overt
Caslt operating expense
vash operatin' and
overhead expense
Cash o p era tin g , overhead,
and fam ily l iv in g expense
i o c s n o t in c lu d e c h a t t e l n w rtg a re .
p revious a n a ly s is ,
per acre o f
!'art o w o r operated f a r s , w ith an a v ers e n e t r e t.im
3 .8 8 , a era ed 4G.7 per c e n t o f f i f t h c l a s s l&nd per fa r .
fJwiier operated f arris, w ith p r a c t ic a lly th e earn n e t retu rn per acre a s
th a t o f p art owner operated f a n s , a v e r s ed on ly 2 6 .4 per c en t o f f i f t h
c la s s land per f a n or on ly abou t h a lf t h a t o f th e p art owner operated
fa n s.
Renter operated farm s, w ith about a th ir d a s hi, h a n e t return
per acre a s th e owner operated and p a rt owner operated fa r o s had an a v e ra e o f o n ly 2v per c e n t o f f i f t h c la s s land per fe r n , which i s p r a c tic a lly
a s low a s th a t o f th e owner operated c l a s s .
D lstr lb titio n o f la m s by
e t R otor . s . — 'lte d is tr ib u tio n o f fa n a
by n e t retu rn s by tenure o f operator i s shown in f i n re 1 3 .
The p a rt owner
operated c la s s o f fa r r s had th e h ig h e s t per c e n t o f fa r o s showing a n e t
return above cash op eratin g exp en se, overhead, and fam ily I iv in i exp en se.
TJsere were 76*6 per s e n t o f th e p a rt owner operated fa r r s Svowir1- a n o t
r etu r n , a s cos pared t o 6 2 .1 per c e n t fo r osmer operated fe r n s , and 55*3
per c e n t fo r r e n te r operated farm s.
The r en te r operated c l a s s had th e h ig h e s t per c e n t o f farms showing
a n e t l o s s , w ith 44*7 per c e n t o f th e fa r -s having an avera e n e t lo s s
o f ■;363.83 per fa r o .
Tiie pai*t owner operated c la s s o f ib r o s had the lo w e st
per c en t o f fa r s showing a n e t l o s s , w ith 2 3 .5 per c e n t o f th e fa ro s having
an avera e n e t lo s s o f $224.30 per fa r o .
The owner operated c la s s o f fa r o s
t d 5 7 .9 per c e n t o f th e farms s owin ' an avera o n o t l o s s o f f 279.54 ^ r
fa r o .
Alx>ut 65 per c e n t o f tite p art owner operated fa r s had an avera e
n e t return Blxnre casi: op eratin g exp en se, overhead, and f a I ly liv in ; ex -
54-
IOO
90
80
70
Ul
5
g 60
UO
50
K
Z
ti
tr 40
30
20
10
0
OWNER
PART OWNER
RENTER
TENURE OF OPERATOR
J
PER CENT OF FARMS HAVING A NET LO S S
P 5 7 5 7 5 PER CENT O F FARMS HAVING A N ET RETURN ABOVE CASH
B O O d O PERATING , OVERHEAD, AND FAMILY LIVING E X P E N SE
_
_
P E R CEN T O F FARMS HAVING A NET R ETU R N ABOVE CASH
OPERATING, OVERHEAD, AND FAMILY LIVING E X P E N SE ,
--------- IN T E R E S T ON INVESTM ENT AND AN O PER A TO R S WAGE
J
F ig u re 1 3 .—D i s t r ib u tio n o f Farms By Net R etu rn s By Tenure o f O p erato r
H untley P r o je c t, 1932-1936 A verage.
S ource:
Appendix N, T able I I
•S&*
Pense
$140*78, but did r o t “»ke onou h t o a l l or? an in t e r e s t on in v e s t­
ment and a ware fo r th e operator*
ach o i th e owner operated c la s s and
th e r e n te r operated c l a s s had 60 per c e n t o f th e f a n e showiiy; a n e t r e ­
tu rn o i / 38G*G6 and #265*96 r e s p e c t iv e ly , above ca sh op@ ratir;; exp en se,
overhead, and fam ily li v i n g expense*
The owner operated c la s s Imd a s l i g h t l y high er per c e n t o f tim
fanaa g e ttin g a n e t retu rn above e&sb operatin g expense, overhead, A m ily
l i v i n ' exp en se, in t e r e s t on in vestm en t, and an operator 1S wage, than d id
c e part owner c la s s *
There were 12*1 per c e n t o f th e owner operated
fa r m having an average n e t r e tu r n o f $1,238*09 or on avera e o f
altove cash op eratin g expense, overhead, fa m ily l l v i n
554*09
ex p en se, in t e r e s t
on invest: e n t , and an operator** vm, o , as c o >p- red t o 11*8 per c e n t o f
th e p art owner operated fa r m w ith an average n e t retu rn o f
1 ,5 U 76 or
an average per farm o f #426*76 above cash o p eratin g exp en se, overhead,
fam ily l iv in g expense, in t e r e s t on in vestm en t, and an o p e r a to r ’s wa e .
The r e n te r operator c la s s o f fa r m had on ly 6 .5 per c e n t o f th e
fa m e w ith an average n e t r e tu r n above ca sh operatin g ex p en se, overhead,
fa m ily liv in g exp en se, in t e r e s t on in vestm en t, and an o p era to r’ s w& e*
The avera e n e t r e tu r n o f #2,641*30 was co n sid era b ly M her then e ith e r
o f tlie o th er c l a s s e s , and th e av rage per fnn.i o f
operai l r
exp en se, overhead, fa a ily l i v i r
1,085*50 above cash
exp en se, in t e r e s t on in v e s t :,mt
and an o p e r a to r ’s w age, was four t i r e s h i her than th e e x c e s s o f e i t h e r
o f th e o th er c la s s e s o f farm *
Table Z slxrwa th e evere^-e n e t retu rn s per acre by tenu re o f oper­
a to r , ehofrlnr; th e per c e n t o f forms In each c la s s h a v in ' a n e t l o s s , a
n o t r e t u r n above cash operating; expense, ov< rhead, and fa m ily liv in g
expense, and a n e t r e t u r n a o v e cash o p eratin g expense, o v e rh e ad , f a n l l y
llv ln
exp en se, in te r o a t on In v cstn o n t, and an o p e r a to r 's isa e on an
aero b a sis*
-0 7 2AI2S
AVERAGE KBT RSTi RES KsS AC S IT Ti riGB OF OTRRATCR
H untley P r o je c t
1902-1956 A verage
her c e n t
of
farms
A verae
retu rn s
per aero
Omsr
Low incone group**
. ediuci inoone group*
High income group*
100
3 7 .9
£ 0 .0
1 2 .1
> 3.5 6
—6 .0 6
G.5<
12.31
Part owner
Low insosae group
l ediusa ln co m group
High ln core group
100
2 3 .5
€ 4 .7
1 1 .3
5 .3 8
-2 .3 9
3 .96
12.96
Tlenter
Low incone grotqi
edluis inccr e group
Eigh in oom group
100
<4.7
6 0 .0
6 .3
1 .2 8
-6 .5 6
3 .3 9
1 9 .3 0
* Low In c o e
paup - Fanus Imving a n e t l o s s .
* Hedimi ln c e u e group - Femas h av in g a n e t r e t u r n
above c a s h o pera in g , o v e rh e ad , an d fa n H y l i v i n g
expense, b u t i n s u f f i c i e n t to a llo w i n t e r e s t on
in v e st:.len t a t S per c e n t and a n OperatortS w a o
o f 690.
*
ig h incone group - la n a s Im v in r & n e t r e tu r n a love
c a sh o p e ra tin g e x p e n s e , o v e rh e a d , f a illy liv in g
e x p en se , i n t e r e s t on in v o s tn e u t a t B p e r c e n t, and
i.n oport o r* s wa e o f . 600.
IV*
BUMSARY AiiD CQfiCLUSIOHS
I t Ia o b v io u s t h a t th e c o s t o f w a ter i s o n ly one I t e n o f exp en se
i n tiie t o t a l farm e x p e n s e , ana t h a t th e p e r m is s ib le c o s t s p aid w i l l
depend upon r e c e ip t s *
The p o s it io n o f th e c o n s tr u c tio n c o a t i n th e l i s t
o f ex p en ses w i l l t o a la r g o e x t e n t d eterm in e t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f r e c e ip t s
fo r t h i s purpose*
In th e a n a l y s i s , i n t e r e s t on in v estm en t and an oper­
a t o r ' s wa e w ere n o t c la s s e d a s ex p en se item s w hich sh ou ld be ded u cted
p r io r t o c o n s t r u c t io n c o sta *
The r e s u l t s found ir o n th e lim it e d d a ta a v a lla I e and th e method
o f a n a ly s is u sed a re a s f o llo w s :
(I)
The a v era g e e x c e s s o f r e c e i p t s above cash o p e r a tin g ex p en se,
t a x e s , d e p r e c ia t io n , o p e r a tio n and raaintenanoe exp en se o f th e ir r i g a t i o n
d i s t r i c t , and f a J ly U v t n g exp en se on 121 f a r s was #230*55 per farm o r
an a v era g e o f
3* )6 p er I r r ig a b le a c r e flrera wixich pea o o n ts on an a v era e
norfcma e In d eb ted n ess o f $554*44 per farm or o f #7*34 p er ir r ig a b le a c r e
and c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t s had t o be made, p lu s any r etu rn a s i n t e r e s t on
io vestm en t and a s an o p e r a to r 's wage*
A lIow ir
#2*06 p e r a cre w it h w hich
t o r e d u c e ti-e a v era g e in d eb ted n ess p er fa r .:, th e r e i s
1*00
or a c r e ,
w hich i s id ia t th e ch arge has been tlte p e a t fttw y e a r s , a v a il # I e w ltli
w hich to repay th e c o n s tr u c tio n c o s t o f th e p r o je c t*
The r a te o f $1*00
p er acre p a id ea ch y ea r would r Opa^r m eat o f th e c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t s s t i l l
due on th e paying c lf .e e la n d w it h in tlia 40 -y ar p erio d a llo w e d I y th e
xtem eion A ct o f 1920*
(S)
m r t y « e i ; ; h t p er c e n t o f th e f a m e in clu d ed in th e sam ple
had an a v e r t e n e t I c e s o f
acre.
3 0 7 ,7
p er f a r
or o f
4 .8 5 p er i r r i a b le
Theee f a m e d id n o t produce enou- Ii in co n e t o n e o t t h e ca sh
o p e r a tin g e x p e n se , o v erh ea d , and tiu d l y I Iv in , : e x p e n se , so had no r e tu r n s
fr o n w hich e o n e t m e t io n c o s t s co u ld b e p a id .
(S )
There were 5 2 .1 per c e n t o f th e faiiMi -which hod an avara o
n e t r e tu r n o f
3 7 2 .4 0 p er f a r
or ar a v e r a o o f $ 4 .$ 3 p er ir r i g a b l e a cre
above c a sh o p e r a tin g e x p e n s e , o v erh ea d , and f a i l l y l i v i n g e x p e n se from
w hich t o r e d c e an>- ln d e b t e t e e s s on t h e f a n and pa^ c o n s tr u c tio n o o e t s .
(4 )
retia*n o f
There wore 9 .9 p er c e n t o f th e farm s which had an a v o r a e n e t
I , £ 4 3 .3 0 p er fa r.
o r an avora e o f
1 3 .7 3 p er I r r ig a M e a cre
a'iiove c a sh o p e r a tin g e x p en a e, e v e r h e a d , end flteslly l i v i n g exp en se from
sS iieh t o red u ce tmy IndeTrfcedroee on th e f a r
and pay c o n s tr u c tio n c o a t s .
The eu m ly sis try ty p e o f f a r , e l s e o f fere s, a n d ten u re o f o p era to r
shows th e f o ilo w in g i
(1 )
T eet-b ea n f a m e and b e e t farm s had an avora,:e n o t retu rn above
c a sh o p e r a tin g e x p e n s e , e v er h e a d , end fa m ily I i v i n i expense o f $8*65 end
5 .1 8 r e s p e c t i v e ly from w hich t o red u ce any in d eb ted n ess on th e far; $ and
pay c o n s tr u c t io n c o s t s , w h ile b o th l ean fsur e and o th e r ty p e f a m e had
e x p e n d itu r e s in e x c e s s o f t h e i r r e c e i p t s .
th e c l a s s e s shaw ir
Some o f th e f a r o s in each o f
an avora e n e t l o s s p er farm co u ld pay somet ilin g t o ­
ward c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t s ( t a b le V ), b u t th e h ig h per c e n t o f fa r o s bavin,"
a n o t l o s s outw eighed th e f a r e h a v in g a n e t r e tu r n .
(2 )
5 * fh group o f f a r s by s i z e showed an avora e n e t r e tu r n f r o r
w hich co n str u c tio n c o s t s co u ld b e p a id .
Tlie grou p o f f a r o s o f 1 4 0 -1 7 9 .9 9
-GOacrf s 1-nd i;he h i host: net; r e tu r n s p er euore, w ith a ten d en cy fo r a de—
ere: .8© i n n e t r e tu r n s p er a c r e o
th e g r upe s i t ! or
fr o n t h i s
-roup.
'Ihe two groups o f sm a ll f a m e had a v e r y h ig h p er c e n t o f t h e Ckrre ehowjlu
a n e t l o s s , b u t i n ea ch
roup th e fe w farrss w ith an a v era g e n e t r e tu r n
ou tw eighed th e farm s show ing an avera e l o s s .
(S )
Oar e r o p era ted and p a r t owner o p era ted S u m s a owed tw ic e a s
h i h an average n o t r e tu r n p er i r r ig a b le tore a s r e n t e r o p era ted fa rm s.
Owner operated f a r s and p a r t owner o p era ted f a r . s s owed an average n e t
r e tu r n o f
b.SS and
3 .8 8 r e s p e c t iv e ly a s cor;t;urod t o an avora e n e t
r etu rn o f 9 1 .2 8 f o r r e n t e r op erated f a r i s .
r .:!. : Xvnly
In each c l a s s , how ever, a
i • p, r e e iit o f th e f a r s a owed a n e t l o s s .
T iu re w ere 4 .7
p er c e n t o f th e r e to r o p era ted f e r n s , 5 7 .9 p er c e n t o f th e owner o p era ted
farm s, and 2 8 .5 p er c o a t o f th e p a r t owner op erated farms w hich co u ld pay
n o th in g toward c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t s ( t a b le X ). 24
/
l o r t!to avora -e o f th e per od IS, 2 -1 9 5 6 , i t can be co n clu d ed , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t w! l i e , on th e a v e r a g e , th e ik m s d id n o t produ « a la r g e enough
In cone t o su p p ly a f a i r r a te o f i n t e r e s t on th e i r w s t r x
t , and any r e tu r n
n s o p e r a to r 's wages above t h e amount needed f o r f t I l y l i v i n g , th e income
was la r g o emeu h t o m eet th e cash o p e r a tin g e x p e n s e , t a x e s , d e p r e c ia t io n ,
o p e r a tio n and i w in t ©nance expen e o f t h e i r r i g a t i o n d i s t r i c t , and f a m ily
liv ir
e x p e n se , and s t i l l le a v e some income a v a il s I e w ith wide: t o red u ce
th e in d eb ted n ess and n ek s payments on c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t .
I M l o t i s ia
j - F J t u s t be k ep t i n mind t? w t ^ p e o f l k r v i , sis© o f farm , and
teniar® o f o p era to r a rc o t e n t ir e ly in d ep en d en t f a c t o r s , b u t th a t th ey
a re .o r e o r l e e s r e l a t e d , as the, aj ©ct n e t r e t u r n s , ap p en dix D, ta b le
I and I I .
—G ltr u e o f th e avora ;e farts i t m ust be remembered t h a t SO p er c e n t o f th e
f a r s d id n o t have r e c e i p t s la r g e enough t o m eet t h e i r c a sh o p e r a tin g
e x p e n se , t a x e s , d e p r e c ia t io n , o p e r a tio n and m ain ten an ce, atid f& d ly
l i v i n - exp en se •
APPENDIX A .— SAMPLE CARD SHOWING DATA AVAILABLE
_____________________Division_____________________________________ District
Project-------- HlTI-ITLEy
19 36
Name of owner
E d. Jo h n so n
Name of operator
Y ield
P eb
A cbe
CASH CROPS
_____ J . RfiftV
T otal V a l u e
Y i A id
A cbes
2 1 .1 9 1 1 .0 9 2 3 4 .9 7 h u 1 1 . 5
Sugar beets
Beans
1934
E d . Joh nson
J - RfiftV
A cbbs
Wheat
1935
Y ie ld
P er
A cre
2 6 .0 9
E d . J o h n so n
T otal V a l u e
Y ie ld
300 b n .
A cbes
3 . 5 2 8 .5 7
I 2 .3 9 8 2 .7 8 T . I 7 .2 5
10
13
I 30 h n .
5
I3
E d . J o h n so n
____ J . RfinV
Y ie l d
P er
A cre
19 32
19 33
,T.
T otal V a l u e
A cres
Yi e ld
100 bn
9 . 1 1 1 5 7 .5 9 T.
R
J . Ren f
Y ie l d
P er
A cre
20
I 9 .7 f , I Pt F
T ota l V a l u e
A cres
Y ie l d
P eb
I2
55
Ytg I d
I 0 0 "hn,
9ZLy Tf
1 2 .5
T ota l V a l u e
660
h n .
1 3 . QA
65 bn .
Peas
Potatoes
.1 3
30 b n .
.5
60
Orchard
Flax
T otal
FEED CROPS
Alfalfa hay
3 1 .3 2
5
2 3 .1 8
2 .4
12 T .
5
2 0 . 7f
1 .2
6 T.
2 4 . 75
8
3
3
3 3 .3
I 0 0 bn.
6 .5
$1.
$ 6 .5 0
24 T.
2 5 .0 0
5
3
5
.1 0
15 T.
5
2 .8
14 T.
$ .1 0
$ 1 .2 0
Clover hay
Other hay
21 . 5
I
21 . 5 T .
Com
Barley
Oats
T otal
Garden
10
21 .1 9
10 T .
2 3 4 .9 7 T.
5
^ 5 ___ $75
Tame pasture
Total cropped acres
I
Am68
$ 3 7 .6 0
.5
4
3 6 . R?
8 2 .7 8 T . I 7 . 2 f
5
ro
CO
B
3)
CO
Straw
B eet to p s
1 5 7 .5 9 T.
11
$75
12
2 47 T .
I 2 .5
5
$37.50
.7 5
$75
$ 6 6 .2 6
$ 6 8 .2 5
4
$15
$60
3 2 . Rf
I 9 .7 !
$ .5 0
5
.5
$75
$ 3 7 .5 0
4
*1 5
$6 0
2 9 .5
.2 5
$40
$1 0
4
$ 5
$2 0
3 0 .2 5
Summer fallow
Wild pasture
Total tilled acres
56.82
3 2 .5
3 6 .5
33e 5
I 63 T .
3 4 .2 5
APFBWX B
TBkHB IH ACtlFAGE OF L AtIKG CROPS FCIt ALL FAJtUB
H untley P r o je o t
1952-1936
Crop
1932
1935
1954
1955
1956
T o ta l cropped
23890
24569
23956
21164
22907
A l f a l f a Iiay
6792
7624
6021
5966
5187
Sugar b e e ts
6771
6586
5711
1582
4750
Viheat
2(3*8
2192
2426
4211
3727
P astu re
2126
1790
2511
2214
1576
Oats
996
1296
1967
1991
1195
Beans
342
1212
1246
1478
1575
2215
1011
926
726
615
481
575
362
657
761
80
42
94
116
468
5655
2442
2872
2555
5595
B arley
Com
C om fod d er
M isc e lla n e o u s
Eouroet
Crop Y ie ld lep o rfc, D ep t, o f I n t e r io r , Bureea o f
R oolm nation, Htcrfcley P r o je o t 1 9 3 2 -1 9 3 6 .
-C4APPBHiIX C
LIVESTOCK m HtSJTLEiY PROJECT
1932-1936
Crop
1932
1953
1934
1956
1936
Horoea
1890
1094
1857
1854
1785
R eef c a t t l e
1666
2690
2881
3808
2227
fa ir y c a t t le
2484
2140
5464
2801
2960
Sheep
3913
9638
13846
6965
3796
Hoga
2945
2198
2384
1870
1323
Foirto
23945
22896
26655
17031
26974
F eeder sheep
-
-
-
-
1811
Feeder c a t t l e
-
-
-
Souroot
767
S'ook nd Eqoipensnt i o p o r t, I o p t• o f I n t e r io r ,
Bureau o f J e c la r a tlo n , Runtley P r o je c t 1932-1936.
i m S D IX D
rs:niRK of o i- H M z m , s u s t u x m ojB C ?
13E?,-1C5C Average
Type o f farm
aad
ie u u re o f o p e ra to r
All
fe r n s
2063.99
S iz e o f Fans i n Ocree
CO100" l4 '0 99.33
1 7 3 .2 :
A ll faarns
B eet
B eet-b ean
Eean
O ther
121
Sb
7
11
18
61
29
6
7
10
47
37
I
S
6
14
11
I
I
I
4
4
Owner
B eet
B eet-b ean
Eean
O ther
66
45
S
6
12
59
20
4
6
0
24
21
I
*
I
I
I
5
-
O w n er-ren ter
E eet
B e tt-b e a n
Eeaaa
Otlier
17
12
2
5
m
6
4
„
I
I
4
*»
I
I
-
re n te r
B eet
E eet-L ean
Ecan
O ther
53
30
2
5
S
7
7
2
2
*,
-
w
w
ea>
-
12
S
I
I
I
17
12
I
2
2
4
S
220
and over
I
I
I
w
e
ISO213 . 33
„
w
m
m
I
I
I
I
4
5
m
-
-
-
AfPSgBXX D
TABLE I I . —AVpRAGS %%? RKT-JR : PJ-B FA- Ji 7.V TYK O f FARM, SI K OF FAR?-!, A D
TSMURB OF OPERATOR, HUtJTLEY PROJECT
19S2-19S6 Avera-e
Type o f i'a m and
te n u re o f o p e ra to r
Owner
E eet
B eetdbeen
Been
O ther
S i t e o f !‘arm i n A cres
6 0 -9 9 ,9 9 100-135.99 140-179.39
$206.84
230.66
99.44
94.01
$ 2 0 3 .GG
*
1 ,5 7 6 .2 1
-
-
-6 7 1 .0 3
-1 6 0 .2 7
Renter
B eet
Beet-bean
Fean
O ther
-1 4 6 .3 9
685.06
-2 0 .6 4
-1 6 9 ,4 1
-7 0 .8 3
324.46
-6 4 6 .6 8
-5 6 0 .4 4
SCO*97
Ose f a r
572.32
1 ,0 3 2 .7 2
-
w ith 271 a c r e s .
1 ,5 1 5 .9 9 ty
e*
_
-5 7 .6 9
F e r t owner
Feet
J e e t-b e a n
Been
O ther
o/
*175.12
IK W ig .D O '
560*16
1 ,5 5 8 .3 2
•
510.65
616.66
e ft
m
m
1 ,7 4 1 .7 8
Sft
Sft
*
273.65
APfmDIX E
FEED REQimmfKFTS HTD FEED AVAILABLE EItOl' FEED CROFS
H tm tley P r o je c t
1932-1956 Averane
_______________________________ (121 Femaa ) __________________________________
Horses h /
589
2.
1178
SG 21204
907
2.
1814
10
I
Nunber
I
L iv esto ck
A lf a lf a
Oata _______Earley
Tons jTtrtai Eu. T o ta l"
N . T o ta l '
per
re ~
per r e per re head qvdred head q u ire d
head q u lre d
F eef c a t t l e &/
825
.6 8
560
-
Hege V
G52
*54
222
-
Sheep f /
2261
.3 7
857
.2 5
P ou ltry e /
8189
-
-
T otal required
T otal a v a ila b le
B iffe r e n e e
a/
h/
c/
d/
g/
f/
-
9070
6 .6
-
VJheat
Iiu. \ofcal
per re bead q u iro d
-
6896
-
13*0
665
-
-
8476
Z
«*
-
-
.9
4011
8126
50850
26642
14271
15565
♦5515
-4197
♦1192
1504
7370
8674
7940
Com i s s u b s titu te d fo r iduoet as a feed crop because s' ipnont records
fro?: ti?e p r o je c t s ow udieat ahlpeacmte, b u t no corn shlpmomte from th e
p roject*
Jshnsone Sherewn E*, "An c<monlc A n a ly sts o f Production Problens In
tlie B it t e r h oot V a lley ," Monte Agr* Kxp• S ta . Bui* 22 0 , 1929.
a s s . A* F* a ?d Pearson, a r ry , "loonomlo S tu d ies o f Ir r ig a te d Farris
in Big ■
County," Viyo• Agr* Exp* Sta* Bui* 20b, 1955.
Vinfee, Louis and R ichards, D* B e,
ln te r ln g Deef C a ttle a t Low C ost,"
kmt* Ext* CIr* 24*
Josepli, Vs. B*, "Feeding rood Sows ai d rowi • th e L itter^ " Mont. Agr*
Exp* Sta* Bui* I GD*
Joseph, Ti* B*, "Vfin t e r Feeding o f Breeding Ewes,” Mont. A gr. Exp* Sta*
B ui. 1G4.
'
08-
APPEfiDIX P
FARM
mm FOE VARIOUS CROPS
IS HOSfASA
1932-1956
A lf a lf a
seed
Du.
C lo v er
seed a /
Eu*
S .4 4
« 7.13
*1.20
tiu .
Sumar b e e ts
to n
1932
$ .5 8
* 5.39
#
Y ear
1955
.6 2
5.46
1 .4 2
.7 4
6 .8 0
1 .6 0
1934
.8 6
6.21
1.9 1
.7 8
12.08
3 .0 0
1956
.9 5
6 .3 6
1 .6 5
.91
9 ,9 0
3.6 8
1936
1 .2 6
6 .4 2
3 .0 4
1 .2 6
1 4,77
3 .6 0
•/
Beans
Du.
P o ta to e s
Ba.
Crop Y ield rep o rts o f D ept, o f I n te r io r , Bureau o f E eclaaB tiou
1952-1936.
Source*
S le g e v o ld , P. L ., "An A n a ly sis o f Montana Farm P r ie o s,*
Sort. A fr* ,xp. S ta . I u l . 346, 1937.
JLpmmix a
P m ACES COf T OF HLODUCTICE r CE VARIOUS CEORS
E untley F r o je e t
loss
Item
F e rtiliz e r
(A verat-:e o f S ix Farrus)
Sugar
LegULe
■Wheat b e e ts Beane P o ta to e s seed
? -
C2.76
$ .6 2
i
-
I
-
$ -
.3 0
.5 3
-
.1 0
-
.2 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
7LaeMnery r e p a i r s
1 .0 8
5.32
.5 3
-
-
.5 2
.5 5
.73
-
-
K ired la b o r
$ -
.8 0
5.12
19.30
-
Corn
.2 3
U 24
C o n tra c t la b o r
I
B arley
& o a ts
1 .0 0
Seed
Gas eiid o i l
Hay
5.00
1 .36
-
l.b C
5 .4 7
6 .2 8
14.70
6 .8 3
S u p p lie s
.37
.1 4
.6 3
4 .0 0
.6 0
-
• 34
•
H auling
-
1.51
.1 4
4 .5 0
-
-
•
-
4 .0 0
-
Tluresriing
1*76
1.0 8
1 .1 9
-
5 .12
-
1 .3 9
-
-
-
-
-
.73
-
-
•*■
-
4.3 7
4 .0 1
In su ra n c e
-
-
Spray
-
-
-
$6.53
56.65
15.54
T o ta l p e r a c re
2 .3 5
51.93
1 1 .7 4
5 .7 6
1 .6 6
2.7 0
70-
j&mmix H
TABLS I*—KETUkHS KROM PSEDIBO Bi': F CATTLK IS MCMfAtIA
1952-1956 Avera e
li&ticm a /
b e t b e e t p u lp
A lfa lfa
C o tttm seed cake
O la s s e s
T o ta l fe e d c o s t
Pounds Fed
p e r day
T o ta l r e q u ir e d
f o r 118 days
Tocrs
P r ic e
ic e d
p e r to r I c o s t
128.8
7 .6
1 .7 5
$13.30
1 7 .5
1 .0
8 .8 6
8 .8 6
1 .4 6
.0 8
55.00
2.8 0
3.82
.2 3
1 6 .0 0
3 .4 6
28.41
F in a l w e ig h t - 1548*7 I b e • x 4 ,6 6 b / s a lo p r ic e = 72,17
I n i t i a l isfeirht - 1124,5 I b a . x $4.95 b / p u reImso p r ic e ** 56.11 +
$28.41 » $84*52
I 34.52 c o s t - 572*17 r e c e i p t s * a Io a a o f
#12*36 p e r h e ad ,
e/
C h itten d en , D. W, - R ations For Fattenlrv and Wintering
Reof C a t t l e , Sheep, and o r a , - o n t, An. u s . Dept.
P u b lic a tio n , 1936.
b/
S la r s v o ld , P . L . - An A n a ly sis o f Ekintana Farm P r ic e s ,
I-Ont, A gr. lisp . Sta* R al, 546, 1937,
-7 1 -
ATf ESDIl H
TAGLf: I I . — ;y:,TLT ;
TaEDII% SlZTkP IS J.CCIASA
1932-1950 A verace
I a tic n jy '
OaAs ( b u .)
Teed re q u ire d
p e r 19 l b s .
J a In
2 .4
hr;' b e e t pu lp
( to n )
.0 4 4
A l f a l f a (to n )
.043
to ta l
P ric e
I .SS
1 5.00
.3 6 I j/
C ost
I
.9 4
.6 6
.4 2
12.02
I m l im oijht - C l.i % .0 6 s a le p r ic e - /4 .5 8 .
I n i t i a l Tmi l i t - 7 2 .5 x .4 7 7 p u rc h a se p r ic e - . «46
+ 2 . DB — .5*43» .',-5*4G r e c e i p t » ;.:»90 l o s s p e r liead•
a/
i&undcreoK, . It. and B o th , A rth u r J r . , "A etlxod
f o r C a lc u la tin g th e h ro h a b le F in s n c ia l R e s u lts o f
U v c s to c /: U
O p e ra tio n s,* h o s t. A g r. Exp.
S t a . :i'ie o , C ir . G, 1953.
3iZ
- I s a v o id , • I . . , "An iUial;. s i s o f o n ta n a a r a
iY ic a a ," K e n t. A gr. L*p. S t a . B u i. 545, 1857.
72APfEHEIX I
CASE LIVESTOCK EXPiSSSB
Taken From V arious S tu d U e f o r D if f e r e n t X ears
L iv e s to c k
Expense
E o rses
I
.92 e /
D airy c a t t l e
3 .4 5 l /
B eef c a t t l e
1 .1 7 q /
Bogs
.2 0 d /
Sheep
.4 0 ^ /
P o u ltry
•I* l /
s/
F0I b y , He i
o t bI « , "The C o st os' 'oree >abor o u
Orepon Farm s, " Oregon i r . Ex®. , t a . B u i. 2 D ,
1020.
}*/
• •» e t e l . , Mvo e ts
Kr in ■ i n O re-on, O rernn A -jr.
lo s s .
c/
F auadereon,
-one; in I n
1 :3 7 .
$/
- ^ p k ln s, Jolm A ., "Why Eoi; P r o f i t s V ery." lows Agr.
Exp. S ta . B ui. 2 U , 1929,
«/
-au n d ereo n , . . * a VinGe, L o u is ,
t a n O Ehi:op JFrot" uetieori I n antes :.a,"
S to . B u i. 502, 19SL.
i/
-Ejbl e to n , . -• Iu ul o r Se, . C. ,
a c to r s InlH uene in f
th e C ost o f P ro d u c tio n o f % . s and. P u l l e t s in S o u tiiem
A ris o n a ," A riso n a A r . =:ixp. S ti.. u l . 14b, 1 9 5 c.
f r i c I .:cv in I e i r y
x p . Stc.. B u i. DGl,
.
and C h itte n d e n , De
" C a ttle
M itan*,* o u t. I, r . ijcr,. St* . B u i. 541.
*'
.cone tie s o f
a n t . A r . Ojcp.
«73«
APPI Bt I I J
IAIfIUC LIVIBG EXPimBE
A Canperison o f S s s u it s o f Various S tu d ie s
Ie D iffe r e n t S ta tu s fo r H f f e r e n t Years
S ta te
Year
P ersons
per I W lly
Cost
per person
Utah o /
1932
5 .5 —
Nebraska l /
1934
3 .9
157
I llin o is b /
1934
4 .3
177
Iowa
1934
4 .0
171
'■'evttd*
1934
6 .7
124
Ohio b /
1954
4 .4
92
£ 151
V
W h a l l » E d ith , ftI-OV Twmty f a n s i s r i l l e s Spent
'-'heir Inctsae in U teh .” D ept, o f Arr. c o r . Peth.,
iIta h G tate A, ric u lfc u ra l C o lle e , 1932.
t/
Fmm Ie a iily LiviBi- Outlook C h a rts end Conference
C u ; a r i e s , . . .A », 1956.
74-
A m SBU K
AWKAGK KET I iTUluiS Ol 121 PARKS
Huntley P r o je c t
1932-1936 Average
Eetram*
A ll f a r *
#0 or l e s s
*
Per c e n t
of fa n s
100
Average retu rn s
per farm
$230.64
3 8 .0
-5 0 7 .7 4
OeOl-SOl.9 9 *
62.1
572.40
982 and over
9 .9
1 ,6 4 9 .5 0
I n te r e s t on investm ent a t 6 per c e n t p lu s 1600
valu e o f o p e r a to r 's labor*
75»
AJ-H:IiDIX K
TABLE I I . — BISTBIKiTIO
QF m i
I' T OH 121 HttMB
B untley P r o je c t
1952-1956 Atrera. e
Item
T otal Investm ent
Avora e
Average
per farm per acre
Per cen t
# 7 .6 1 4 .0 0
.100.36
0 ,2 0 3 .0 1
83.04
8 2 .3
Equipment
G9U1C
9 .2 1
9 .2
L iv esto ck
048.83
8 .6 1
8 .5
Land and Iraprovemest
100
76-
jw m m ix k
TABL' 1 1 1 .-LAHP m i OK 121 FAI $
lu n tle y P r o je c t
1952-1936 Awrmge
Iteia
Acres
Jer cen% o f
______________ ___ per i ’a m ______ I r r l a b le a creu, a
I r r i a Ie s e r e s
73*49
Cropped a c r e s
6 2.32
8 5 .2
Cssh c r p a cres
Su n r b e e ts
M ieat
i'eene
P otatoes
Garden
O ther cas! c ro p s
23.69
1 3 .6 0
0 .3 6
5.0 1
.2 6
.5 0
.6 6
37 .9
1 0 .0
1 1 .3
6 .6
.3
.7
.9
Feed crop a cres
Ksy
Ia stu re
Oats
E arley
Com
3 4 .2 5
17.50
.6 2
4 .1 6
2 .7 0
1 .4 6
4 5 .3
2 2 .9
1 1 .4
6 .5
5 .6
1 .9
1 2 .6 7
1 6 .8
o r s te e d , w a s te , e t c .
100
APPEHMX K
IAPLE IY*~DISTfilFOIIOH OP RECEIPTS OK 121 FARMS
JtuaHey P r o je c t
1952-1936 Averare
Source o f r e c e ip t s
r e c e ip t s per R eceip ts pier
farm
i r r i table a cre
Per c e n t
o f to ta l
T otal r e c e ip ts
2 ,2 2 6 .7 0
620.48
Surer Keete
1 ,0 0 0 .9 6
15.26
4 5 .0
Lairy c a t t l e
488.30
6 .4 7
21 .9
OtIier liv e s t o c k
271.20
5 .5 9
1 2 .2
Peons
162.09
2.1 5
7 .5
V^heat
155.26
2.06
7 .0
ieef c a t t l e
114.61
1 .6 2
6 .1
fMdier crops
33.28
•43
1 .5
100
iVj -
APHHSUC K
TAlsLR Vs- H S T E I i 3TI0E OP EFCMPTti OB 121 PA i. S
' -LLatloy IiSrojeot
1932—1956 Average
(Dy Type o f R e c e ip ts )
Source o f r e c e i p t
R e c e ip ts
p e r farm
R e c e ip ts p e r
ir r ir a b le acre
(1 ,3 5 1 .3 9
-1 7 .0 1
1 ,0 9 0 .0 6
162.09
155.26
33^8
15.26
2.1 5
2 .0 6
•44
S 8 7 4 .ll
#11.58
498.30
114.61
271.20
6 .4 7
1.5 2
3.69
per cent
Cropsi
Totml r e c e i p t s
Suffer b e e ts
I cans
*b e e t
iRther c ro p s
100
7 4 .0
1 2 .0
1 1 .5
2 .5
L iv esto c k s
T o ta l r e c e i p t s
Dalr:,7 c a t t l e
Be ;f c a t t l e
O th er liv e s to c k
100
55 .9
13.1
3 1.0
,79AFfBHMX K
TABLE VIew-DISTBIBLTlOH Of EXl ID ES QH 121 WMm
Huntley P r o je c t
1952-1950
______
T otal expense
~ ’ xpoiaee
p e r farr.-
Lxpertse p e r P e r c e n t
i r r t; a b le acre o f t o t a l
■I , 3 b .17
i2G ,43
Caai op eratin g
807,56
10,70
4 0 .5
Taxes
124.07
1*64
6 .2
79,77
1 .0 6
4 ,0
Iep reola t io n
156.92
1 .8 1
6 .9
F e n ily liv in g
846,06
11,22
42 .4
Operatiem and oain ten an ee
100
APPBEDIX L
TAM-E
I te n
FAi
VALUE AFi- B lf RgTUic 3
Huntley R rojeot
1932-1936 Avera ©
^ eet
Y TXF 0; U- F
Type o f1 Farni
B eettoBesn
roan
Otiher
!ItanTier o f fa m e
Acres per farm
T otal value
Indebted?’oes ty''
Ket Invoetnent
85
79*8
" 7,977.86
54C.70
7 ,4 3 1 .0 7
12
6 9 .0
C3,914,02
829.74
8 ,0 3 4 .2 8
6
6 2 .6
* 5 ,6 3 0 .2 7
449.73
6 ,1 3 9 .5 4
18
67.2
$ 6 ,6 8 7 .3 3
441.95
5 ,2 4 6 .3 0
R e c e ip ts t
Crops
L ivestock
T otal r e c e ip ts
1 ,5 0 7 .1 6
005.23
2 ,4 1 2 .3 9
1 ,9 0 8 .6 0
882.53
2 ,7 9 0 .8 5
664.30
766.50
1 ,3 2 0 .30
603.09
760*91
1 ,2 6 9 .0 1
Eacpenses *
Cash operating
Overhead
? amiIy l iv in g
T otal expenses
909.10
385.46
893.02
2,168*48
874.69
409,66
916.07
2 ,2 0 0 .4 2
349.59
220.35
770,10
1 ,5 4 9 .0 4
436.94
262,46
804.00
1 ,3 0 2 .4 0
1 ,5 0 3 .2 9
1 ,9 1 6 .1 4
971.21
853.07
1 ,1 4 7 ,0 3
1 ,6 0 6 .4 8
741,36
670.61
253*91
590,41
-2 8 .2 4
-3 3 .3 9
Rxeess o f r e c e ip t s over:
Cash op eratin g expense
Cash operatin g and
overhead expense
Cash o p e r a tic , overhead, acd
fam ily liv in g expense
o/
i' oes 'not" in c lu d e d i e . te'i" E o 'rt-a oT
-8 1
APPKfiTIX L
I I * —AV i A : fi!.T RPT..' :.L j i TYi
^ FA; :
Iu n tlo y P r o je c t
1032-1936 Avera/:;*
tim b e r
of fa rm
B eet f a r m
Low income /ro u p *
K edlua ln e m e roup*
High income group
B eet-K ean f a r m
Low income group
Medium ln e m e group
H g h income group
been f a r m
Low income group
1IediiB in c ovie group
i i/d i Iiw m e group
fJ th c r ty p e f a n a
Low ln c m e group
Iiediura in c m e grotqp
H igh incone grm^s
R etu rn s
p er fe rn
P er c e n t
86
$253.91
30
48
7
—286*46
572.48
1 ,7 5 0 .7 1
12
690.41
2
7
5
-2 6 4 .8 4
490.28
1 ,5 9 4 .2 2
6
-2 8 .2 4
100
3
S
-
-3 2 3 .3 8
266.89
-
60
80
-
18
-3 5 .3 9
100
11
6
I
-3 6 9 .2 8
596.97
1,079*21
100
3 5 .5
6 6 .6
3 .2
100
1 0 .7
5 8 .3
2 5 .0
61.1
3 3 .3
6 .6
* Low ln c m e g ro u p - f a r a h av in g a n e t l o s s .
* liedium income /-roup - f a m e h av in g a n e t r e t u r n a ove
c a s h o p e r a tin ';, o v e rh e a d , and fa m ily l i v i n g e x p e n se , b u t
i n s u f f i c i e n t t o a llo w I n t e r e s t on in v eetiao n t a t 5 p e r c e n t
and a n o p e r a to r ’ s wage o f #600*
* E lf h Income r.roup - f a r m w ith a n e t r e t u r n above c a s h
o p e ra tin g e x p en se , o v e rh e ad , f a r i l y l i v i n g e x p en se , i n t e r e s t
on I n v e s t m r t a t 6 p e r c e n t , and an o p e r a to r ’ s wa e o f COO.
AmiIDIX M
TABLK ! • —AVEEAQg FAi :i VALUE AKD PST SETUEIiS BY SIBB OF FARM
H u n tley P r o je c t
1952-1936 Average
Item
<
Ia
;
Bunber o f fa m e
A cres i n farm
T o te l v a lu e
B et in v aetm en t
S le e o f F<um i n Aoros
/ rV B i
r ■
160-133.90 '4140-170.09
T o O -2 1 9 .9 9 ' 220 & o v e r
CO-09.93
S A r i _ I " 1,;ri . r v .
51,
47
4 3 .2
7 3,0
# 6 ,436.11 c7 ,0 7 9 .1 2
40 9 ,0 6
774,00
5 ,0 7 7 .0 6 6 ,3 0 6 .1 2
14
116.6
§11,272.09
343.52
1 0 ,9 2 3 .5 7
4
151.9
5 15,405.24
342.41
1 3 ,0 6 2 .8 3
20-59,55
I
4
192.3
271
15,203.09 # 20,721.16
616.68
1 ,2 0 2 .0 0
12,666.41 19^619.16
R e c e ip t* :
Crop*
L iv o ato ek
T o ta l r e c e ip t*
934.56
0 4 .0 2
1 ,5 5 9 .2 7
1 ,3 6 1 .9 9
939.66
2 ,3 0 1 .6 4
2 ,0 8 3 .7 7
1 ,2 0 2 .1 3
3 ,2 9 0 .9 6
2 ,6 7 3 .4 0
1 ,7 9 6 ,3 7
4 ,3 7 0 .2 7
2 ,2 9 0 ,4 4
1,2 4 7 .3 8
3*537.82
3 ,1 6 3 .5 7
1 ,7 6 6 .0 0
4 ,9 2 9 .5 7
xpenaest
Caah o p e ra tin g
Overhead
Fam ily l i v i n g
T o ta l ospcnee
635.03
259.27
664.53
1 ,4 1 3 .6 5
861.26
347.11
956.12
2 ,1 6 4 ,4 5
1 ,1 9 7 .3 9
1 ,0 4 3 .3 7
2 ,7 4 0 .7 9
1 ,5 9 1 .4 4
666,77
1 ,1 7 0 .2 1
3 ,3 2 0 .4 6
1 ,3 6 8 .8 6
657.20
1 ,0 1 1 .7 0
3,007.76
1 ,0 9 5 .9 8
966.60
785.00
3 ,6 1 6 .5 8
1 ,0 1 4 ,2 4
1 ,4 4 0 .2 8
2 ,0 9 5 .6 6
2 ,7 7 8 .8 5
2 .1 7 3 .9 6
3 .0 3 6 .9 9
774.07
1 ,0 9 5 .1 7
1 ,5 9 3 .6 3
2 ,2 1 2 .0 6
1 .6 4 1 .7 6
2 .0 6 8 .9 9
120.64
137.06
650.16
1 ,0 4 1 .8 1
650.0C
1 ,5 1 5 .9 9
Exoeas o f r e c e ip t* o v e rt
Caeh o p e ra tin g expense
Caeh o p e ra tin -' and o v e rhead expense
Cash o p e r a tin g , overhead
& fam ily l i v i n g expense
ly
!boss n ot 'include chattel" r o r t a. o7
-OSAPPKimK M
TAI'lLg H e —AVERACK HET RSTURjiS B I
Sm ,
OP PAZJH
H u n tle y P r o j e c t
1 9 5 2 -1 9 3 6 A vera e
H uob er
SeExrna
o f flu m a _______ p e r farm
j x e Oi IKr,;
P eroent
2 0 -6 9 * 9 9
I-uw in co m e g ro u p *
I W i i m i n e o n e TOiqy*
H ig h I n e o n e grou p *
51
22
26
4
$ 1 2 0 .6 4
- 5 1 4 .8 0
3 4 0 .2 8
1 ,1 4 2 .6 3
100
6 0 -9 9 .9 9
Low l n o a m g ro u p
S e d l u s Incom e g r o u p
47
20
24
1 3 7 .0 5
-3 1 5 .5 5
100
5
1 ,2 6 5 .0 9
1 0 0 - 1 5 9 .9 9
Low in e o n e g ro u p
I W iu n in e o n e group
H igh in c o m e g r o q p
14
3
8
3
5 6 0 .1 6
-1 4 5 .1 5
4 2 3 .7 4
1 ,6 0 9 .2 4
100
1 4 0 - 1 7 9 .9 9
Low I n c ocie g r o u p
P ed iiE s ln e o m e ro u p
H ig h In com e g ro u p
4
I
2
I
1 ,0 4 1 .3 1
-5 2 3 .8 3
3 4 1 .8 4
4 ,0 0 7 .5 7
100
25
60
26
180-219.99
Low Income group
Medltis income group
High in c a s e group
4
5 3 0 .0 6
100
High income group
220 end o v e r
Low in c o m e groiqp
M edlim in c o m e g ro u p
lneome group
*
Zncorw
4
I
—
I
4 3 .1
4 9 .0
7 .9
4 2 .6
5 1 .1
G .4
2 1 .4
5 7 .2
2 1 .4
*»
ew
5 3 0 .0 6
100
1 ,5 1 3 .9 9
1 , 5 1 3 .9 9
100
—
100
ro u p -''lW raa having; a n a t l o s s .
* R a d iu s i n e o n e g r o u p - f a r a h a v in g a n e t r e t u r n a o v e
c a s h o p e r a t in g , o v e r h e a d , an d fia n ily H v l n i; e x p e n s e ,
I u t i n s u f f ic i e n t t o a llo w i n t e r e s t o n in v e e tm n t a t 5
p e r c e n t and a n o p e r a t o r ' s m e o f vCOO.
* J i g h i n e o s e g r o u p - fa r r s w i t h a n e t r e t u r n a oT© c a s h
o p e r a t in g e x p e n s e , o v e r h e a d , f a m ily l i v i n
a x p c m se ,
i n t e r e s t o n i n v o s t n e n t a t 5 p e r c e n t and a n o p e r a t o r ' s
wa ® o f ; 0 0 0 .
"»34*
APreiB n
H
TABLE I e w AVIRAGE FM? VALUE ASD IET BiT=M?
BY T=IfIBE OF OFRBATCR
T u n tIey P r o jo e t
1952-1956 Avera e
P a rt
Ite a
O ner
ow ner
T e n te r
Stafiter o f f a r m
A cres p e r farm
T o ta l v a lu e
l^sleb ted n ees o /
e t in v e s t w rt
66
65.21
7 ,0 7 7 .0 4
660.56
16*417.23
17
124.2
f,1 0 ,7 9 1 .0 9
635,15
1 0 ,2 6 5 .9 4
38
7 5 .0
7 ,1 2 3 .9 0
578.78
6 ,7 4 5 .1 2
R e o e ip ta i
Crops
L iv e s to c k
T o ta l r e c e i p t s
1 ,1 3 2 .9 5
860.58
2 ,3 6 5 .4 3
1 ,9 6 0 .9 5
1 ,1 3 8 .5 3
3 ,0 9 7 .3 1
1 ,5 5 4 .5 2
780.37
2 ,1 5 4 .8 9
xpenoest
Cash o p e ra tin g
Overhead
Fsenlly l i v i n g
T o ta l expense
708.00
32 0 .0 7
780.17
1 ,0 0 9 .9 2
1 ,1 5 0 .5 0
506.77
373.84
2 ,6 1 5 .9 6
834.54
300.99
903.62
2 .0 3 9 .1 6
1 ,9 6 6 .9 6
1 ,5 0 0 .3 6
1 ,4 6 0 .1 9
999.36
481.36
96.74
!=SCeee o f r e c e i p t s o v e n
Cash o p e ra tin g expense
1 ,3 4 4 .6 0
Cstsh o p e ra tin g and
overhead expense
1 ,0 2 .7 3
t a s h o p e r a tin g , o v e rh e a d .
and f tin lly l i v i n g expanse
243.66
e/
''Ovs n o t in c lu d e o h a : L o l " o r t u o»
-OSAPPi^ICH H
TABLR I I . —AVERAGE ERT P1TTlPJjS K-S PARI? BI TENBH OF OPERATOR
Euntley P r o je c t
19G2-193G Aver»i:;e
IitszdKir
o f farms
Returns
per farm
Per
c en t
Owner
Low income roup*
Oeditsn incorae group*
High income group*
C6
26
S3
8
$243.68
-271.. 54
586.66
1 ,2 8 8 .0 9
100
5 7 .9
60 .0
12.1
Part owner
Low incoiae ^roup
Jeditm income group
E l # income group
17
4
11
2
4 8 1 .5 6
-2 2 4 .3 0
640.70
1 ,6 6 6 .7 6
100
2 5 .5
6 4 .7
1 1 .8
Renter
Low income group
laedium income group
Biglt ir e one group
38
17
19
2
05.73
-3 6 8 .8 3
203.96
2 ,6 4 1 .3 0
100
4 4 .7
6 0 .0
5 .3
* Low incorje roup - f a r s havirti" a n e t l o s s .
* Jedlum income group - farms Imvlng a n o t return above cash
op em i Ing, over!lead, and f Brdly liv in g ex] o n se, b u t in su i‘i'1c le n t to a llo w in t e r e s t on invastanent a t 5 per c e n t and an
o p era to r’s wage o f $€00.
* HlfJh Income group - farms b a v in a n e t r e tu r n a! ove cash
op eratin g exp en se, overhead, fa m ily l i v i n g expense, in t e r e s t
on Investznent a t S per con t and an o p era to r’s wa e o f $600»
-8 6 BIBLIOQMPEi
I*
Chltttofidean, P . *, "H etlm is f o r F a s t e r i
end W intering; '^eef C e t t l e ,
;>Feep, end o r s ,"
n t.
.- I usl.cvndr^ I cnt* p u b lic a tio n , 1036•
2»
Die s o n , ’ • F* end Xoplcuad, D* Ve , wI e ed in g . a i r y Cowe
o u t r t t i n , n o n te Af;re Kx £* F ta e Dule 2 :5 , 1954e
5#
J a r d in g , # Te , wI r r l Eition le v e lo |s> o n t in '!o n te: a , "
Stfte TW . 105, 1910*
4*
F a y b e lle I d i t l i , mFow Tramty I ute I m i l i e s S p en t T lio ir Inoozae in U ta h ,^
Dept* o f A rr* ’ eo n . p u l l Ic a tim a e !'tali t r t c A r * C o lle g e , 1952*
i t l i end W ith­
o r.te Anre
xp*
*&*
h u n te r , Byron and THaokols, Sm tm l B, "An oononic stu d y o f I r r i g a t e d
P o rn in g in Twin F a l l s C ounty, Id a h o ,* FeSeDeA , Dcpte F u ie 1421, 1926*
6*
Jolineon, Shem an Ee , eAn ctmocde A n a ly sis o f P ro d u c tio n IjT oblans i n
tlte L i t i e r o o t V alle; ,* o nt* Arr* %p* F ta e Jvule 220, 1929#
7#
J o se p h , W* 8 » , wW iater Feeding o f B reeding B w s ,*' lio n t.
W l. 164, 1924.
—
-----
9*
»9.
*10*
Joseph., Ke F . , "F eed in g th e Brood Sow and Growing th e L i t t e r , "
A pr, xp* S ta e I I . 1 6 6 , 1924.
----ont#
• o o r'-a u so , L* Ae , EtiTvlek, I • Te, and iu tso n , J e , , ”3 a c to r s Im t
In flu e n c e iT o i l t s on I r r l f a t e d Farm #," Colo# A yr. Exp* ta « E n l> 318,
1927.
~
----- ----ijrdook, I;# T# and P in r e y , I , Be , "C o sts o f P roducing Crops on
I r r l :'ftted l a m s , ” nolo* Ayr* x p . - ta # L hl. 565, 1929#
11*
M chordeom , J e s s i e
"Tlie C u a l itj o f L iv in g in
o rt# A,Te 'a p * L ta e T ule 260, 1962*
12*
Launder son, # He and Roth, A rth w Jr* , "A Betiiod
Io u la tl
P ro b ab le F in a n c ia l A a a u lts o f L iv e s to c k F a tte n in g O p e ra tio n s ," Lout*
Ayr* fxp* Mme I: co* C ir e 3, 1963*
13*
: o l v , . *, "C o st and B f Ioiftney o f .'Totiue.In^. A l f a l f a
Ore* A t * Sxp. S ta e L ul. 241, 1028*
14*
i e lb y , R* E*, wF a m in g 3 u s in a a s i n tiio
Exp* L ta e f u l , 175, 1925.
e lla tln
iOiatem
a lle y ,"
a rr, L anes,*
a y in Oregca ,*
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16»
*16»
i la; sv o id , Fe Le and A th en s, Je D», " A p ic u ltu r e on th e Lim tley
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SlAgsnrol*, P* L# and oward, C lyde, " tro d a ctio n Lequireno t s and Coats
on I r r ifa t e d ; ar-'is In ontana," o a t. Ap . Kyp. Jt&. u l . 333, 1937»
17#
S la :-Avoid, P# L», "An A n a ly sis o f Monteam 'arm P r ic e s ,"
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IS .
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.'ilk R iver I r r lfA tt s n P r o je c t," o n t . A r . --zp. S ta . h u i. 290, 1954.
19#
S la avoid , P# L# ocid Lord, Ji. 11., "Tlie C onservation o f
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20#
T e e le , Rey P#, "Tl e eonomics o f Lend Reclam ation Ln tlie united S ta te s ."
A. W# Shaw C o ., ew York, 1927»
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'a s s , A.
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25.
o n t. A r .
yp«
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. and Pearson, le r r y , " conomic S tu d ies o f I r r i a to d P a r s
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Vink®, L ouis and R ichards, D#
•>nt. x t . C ir• 2 4, 1931.
. , " in t e r in
- e e f C a ttle a t Low C ost,"
arren , 0# F*, "Fern ISMmgeraeBt,* The F- c m illa n Co, tow lo r k , 1932.
24.
Farm F m lly L lv in
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Outlook Charts and Conference Siaanarles, t . S . l . A # ,
25.
Repaynent o f C onstruction C osts o f Federal and Indian I oclEymtion
P r o je c t.
O u s e Document B e. 675,
75th Con r o e s , 3rd . o s s lo n , 1930.
2G.
Report o f hearing h eld by th e I ie o la m tio n Ropaymnt C onnission w ith
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. . ep t# o f th e I n te r io r , Bureau o f eolm nation. ¥edorol H eclan a tlo n r e j e c t s . O.i . Vuverm ent P rin tin g Of Ice , I 5 0 .