The feeding of mustard oil meal in the concentrate mixture to dairy calves
by Wei-yip Huang
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Science in Dairy Production
Montana State University
© Copyright by Wei-yip Huang (1950)
Abstract:
Two feeding trials were conducted with 36 purebred Holstein and Jersey calves 3 to l6 months of age®
The calves were divided into four groups taking into consideration breed, age, and body weight to
make the groups as uniform as possible® One group was fed mustard oil meal in the concentrate mix,
and the other, used as a check group, was fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate mix* The summary
of the results is shown in Table VIII Calves 3 to 6 months of age fed mustard oil meal in the
concentrate ration gained 1.347 pounds per calf daily. Calves of the same age group fed soybean oil
meal in the concentrate ration gained 1.458 pounds per calf daily. The diffe ence was 0.111 pounds of
daily gain in favor of the calves fed soybean oil meal.
Calves 6 months of age and over fed mustard oil meal in the concentrate ration gained 1.176 pounds
per calf daily. Calves in the same age group fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration gained 1.132
pounds per calf daily. The difference was O.044 pounds daily gain per calf in favor of those fed
mustard oil meal®.
The average daily gain per Calf for all calves fed mustard oil meal in the concentrate ration was 1.262
pounds. The average daily gain per calf for all calves fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration was
1.295 pounds® This was 0.033 pounds in favor of the calves fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate
ration® ■ ■ MIXTURE TO BAIRI C A M m ''
by ■ ’
■IEI-HP HUMS '
A THESIS
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty
partial.fulfillment of the•requirements ■
I-
' . .. for-the 'degree'of'
'’Master of Science.in Dairy Pro'diction
Montana State College
Approved?
ad^M ajw D epar^ent
'ChaiHflan5 Examrana^omffli'btee
ans Graduafe’D^iEion
Boseman5 Montana
June5 19$Q
-Iiiiay/;.!
IfUl1UiH ■
rjrw 11w
•
^ci/y'lfVS
CLtrb 7
'
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
....................
3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE..........
5
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE ......................................
7
EXPERIMENTAL PLAN ......................................
7
FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT OF THE CALVES
7
.....................
WEIGHING AND EXAMINING THE CALVES..............
13
DETERMINATION OF BLOOD PLASMA CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS
13
DETERMINATION OF BLOOD PLASMA CAROTENE AND VITAMIN A
13
... *
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS . . ......... * . • • » • • • • • • • • • •
15
DISCUSSIONS OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUPS OF C A L V E S ...........
15
THE FIRST FEEDING T R I A L .........
15
THE SECOND FEEDING TRIAL..........
33
DISCUSSIONS OF R E S U L T S .........................
SUMMARY
............................... . . . . . . . . . . .
CONCLUSIONS
.............................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I
I
.........................
5U
56
. . . . . . . . . .
57
BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................
58
APPENDIX....................................
61
Z
$
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IMTROBUCTIOM .. .
A large amount (20 ) of wild mustard seed is produced in
Montana annually as a by-product in the cereal grainse When the oil
is removed from the. mustard seed it leaves a highly nutritious material,,
known as mustard oil meal, which may be used as a feed for farm animals
This meal has possibilities as' a substitute for other oil meals in the
ratiorie Mustard Oil meal has been Used as an ingredient in commercial
feeds by many feed manufacturers who found it a low cost protein (31),
The reports from farmers indicate that they are not in agreement on
whether or not there are ,any detrimental effects, on farm, animals from
feeding commercial feed mix containing mustard oil meal*.
Wild yellow mustard seed is seldom used for oil production
because its oil content is relatively low (31)» Brown mustard,, oriental
' 1
j■
■
mustards wild rabbit ear.mustard and fan weed seed are. used, to make
vegetable oil®
These seeds contain a high percentage of oil.varying
from 32 to 38 percent with the average oil content of about 35.percent
(31)«
lost of the mustard oil meal now being, fed to livestock, is manu­
factured from these varieties®
-
Mustard seed obtained as a by-product from screenings of
cereal grains has limited demand.
Some growers that produce mustard
seed witiiout a contract have reported (22 , 26 ) that they were unable
to Sell their crops.
Therefore .if its feeding value is proved, surplus
mustard seed should make an economical concentrate for the livestock
industry of the state.
Proven feeding value may stimulate mustard
seed production in Montana®
It was with this objective that the feeding trials made by
the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station reported in this thesis
K r e cenductod,
:
.
...
....... .
,.
... .. . ..:
fretsven and Helson (29) conducted two feeding trials with
Wild yellow muEstafd seed as part of the concentrate ration of milking
coWs'„
They compared it with soybean oil meal and found it slightly
'Superior as a feed for milicing cows.
The flavor of the milk and the
quality of the butter produced by the cowS fed ground wild yellow mustard
seed Was equal to that produced by cows fed soybean oil meal,,
$he Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory ('30) conducted
Some experiments on feeding sheep 'With wild mustard seed pellets made
'
'1 "
'
from mustard seed obtained from wheat Screenings,
.
They fed .2,2 pounds
of very finely ground mustard seed pellets per 100 pounds of body weight,*
The ground mustard seed product was ,suspended in water and immediately
given as a drench produced no ill e fects on three lambs.
However5 the
same material ground and soaked in water and held, at room temperature
for 24 hours killed two lambs to which it was fed,
fhe continued feeding
of this same material without the preliminary treatment in water proved
entirely harmless to lambs.
Swingle (27) failed to isolate toxic material
from mustard or mustard oil meal, and he Suggested that it might be
possible that mustard contains glucosides which hydrolysed under the
action of the Bnsymes ayrosin, and water to yield respective .mustard
oils, which may be toxic,
Ackles (7) in his best known growth studies, found the growth
rate for 26 Ayrshire heifers from birth to 3, 6 , and 12 months of age
to be 1.12, 1.21, and 1,0$ pounds per day respectively,
McOandlish (19)
reported corresponding figures for heifers of the four dairy breeds of
leQ75"lle375 ';an.<i'-lo3L7® ■ Ragsdale (25) 'gave the dtandard pf ^growth for, .
daily- e;att3.e.:'isihioh.,is widea^.usedi^r.research workere* ,. ,■■
■ ,
*■ , .,Ifadaran3-Eennedys..Bechdeljl:and Anderson .(32) studied the
chemical Composition of a lafge number of samples of bovine blood® ..Ihey
reported that the;plasma inorganic calcium and phosphorus content ranged
from .7o7. to.13^2 ..and from 3«38 to l<,Sh mg« per IOp mlc of blood plasma- ■
respectively, .These findings, agree m t h other investigators,O 3 21^ gk)e
■,
.The, importance.of :Vitamin A in dairy-cattle nutrition •was first
reported by.,Jones3-.Eqkles and Pslmer (10)© ■ Hart ahd Gilbert (9) found
.that, the Vitaidn A ,deficiency developed in, cattle' under range conditions
during long seasons-,of dry feeding,
Moore (16) studied plasma carotene
-of heifers and. found, that before- turning' them to pasture^ the plasma'■ ;
carotene content .for all breeds- ranged from li|0 to 550 ug© per 100 ml© f
. of blood plasma©
Moore (17) also.fed- Vitamin -A'supplement to ■the calves
which maintained the plasma, carotene ■level .at 20 ug© per 100 ml© of
blood plasma©, ,They did not show symptoms of -nyctalopia©
’•
Terri3-Kennedy
and Morrow (.28 )--studied the composition of calf blood and carotene con%
tent for calves-,under 6 months -of;age. add obtained results ranging from
21 to IliU. U g 0 per 100 ml© of blood plasma©
KeyeS and associates (12)
who, studied the growth of calves recommended a more liberal supply of
Vitamin A and B 0
They recommend 30 ug© of carotene or equivalent, per
pound of live weight per day©
moq-mu#
EldPERS-ISM'AL P t M
■
' ^x-JO''feeding trials ’were conducted on !feeding vtild rastard' oil
•Eieal -to diiYy calves at --the-,Montato, Agricultural -Experiment-Station,,
■fhe -fIl1St 'feeding -trialW s 'carried on -from Becemfcer5 '1947, 'to- Dfey,
il948jl and -the •seebnd trial ■from' Hdvember,•■
'1948, lIo' April5
'-fbe
length- of each-trial' was 170 days.
.fhirty-esix healtlyr/ and vigorous purebred Calves5 :1 9 :Holstdlna
and .17 Jerseysj from three to-sixteen months'of age were selected from
the college dairy herd and used in these trial's.: Breed5 age, and body
weight were taken into consideration to make the:groups and lots as uni«
form as possible*
fhe calves in each feeding trial were•divided into
two different age groups.
Each group; was again, divided into- uniform
lots, one lot was fed the, wild mustard oil meal in the concentrate mix
and the other lot fed soy bean oil meal was used as a control &
EEEDlEG AMB -MHAGMiM? .
'
' -
The calves'in each group were fed the concentrate ration given
in fables I, J-I,. VI, and Vll. fhe rations' used in the feeding trials
were mixed thoroughly at the beginning of each experimental period so
as to keep the feed supply uniform for each trial.
Samples from each
ration were taken and analysed by the Ohemistry Research Department of
the Jlontana Agricultural, Experiment Station,
fable III.
fhe analysis are shown in
individual samples, of both mustard oil meal and soybean oil ■
meal, used in the rations were also analysed and chemical, compositions
are shorn in fable JIX0 fhe calves were fed 3 pounds of grain.and
-tiTABLE
I
Concentrate Rations Fed to the Calves 3 to 6 Months of Age
Lot I
Lot II
Percent
Percent
Wheat Br a n ................. 25
Rolled Oats. . ..............30
Ground Barley............... 15
Butter Milk, Dried . . . . .
20
Bone Meal................
I
Iodized Salt .............
I
Mustard Oil M e a l .........
8
Soybean Oil Meal . .......
25
30
15
20
I
I
8
Total...............1 0 0 ............ 100
Protein.............19 » 7 ........... 25.3
TABLE II
Concentrate Rations Fed to the Calves 6 Months of Age and Above
•
Lot III
Lot IV
Percent
Percent
Wheat Bran ....... .
Rolled Oats. . . . . .
Ground Barley.......
Molasses Beet Pulp . .
Bone Meal...........
Iodized Salt .......
Mustard Oil Meal . . .
Soybean Oil Meal . . .
Total .
Protein
100 .
17.6
100
15.3
TABLE III
Chemical Composition of Rations, Mustard Oil Meal and Soybean Oil Meal Used in Feeding Trials
«
Mustard Oil
Meal, Lot I
Ether
Crude
Extract Fiber
Protein
Moisture
%
%
%
%
6 .0
5.1
6.U
19.7
N. F. E.
%
55.6
Psh
Inorganic
Calcium
%
%
Inorganic
Phosphorus
%
7.2
Group I
■
Soybean Oil
Meal, Lot II
25.3
6.0
It. 8
5.7
51.3
6.9
Mustard Oil
Meal, Lot III
17.6
6 .It
2.6
10.lt
57.1
5.9
Group II
4
I
Soybean Oil
Meal, Lot IV
15.3
5.6
3.5
9.5
59.lt
5.8
Mustard Oil
Meal, Lot V
16.6
5.9
3,5
7.0
58.5
8.5
1.00
0.79
Soybean Oil
Meal, Lot VI
16.6
5.9
3.5
7.6
58.5
7.9
0,90
0.7k
Mustard Oil
Meal, Lot VII
15.5
5.6
3.5
11.2
57.9
6.3
0.75
0.1t7
Soybean Oil
Meal, Lot VIII
i5 .lt
5.6
3.5
11.6
51t.lt
6.3
0.72
0.1t5
Mustard Oil Meal
ltl.5
It. 2
6.1t
7.3
3lt.lt
6.2
0.96
0.!t5
Soybean Oil Meal
lt6.lt
5.2
U.9
7.6
29.lt
6.5
0.67
Group III
Group IV
-
10-
TABLE IV
Stinmaiy of Lots Showing Daily Gain, Grain and Hay Consumed and
Feed Required to Produce 100 Pounds Live ’.eight
Group I
Group II
Sunmary of
Group III
Group IV
Summary of
Lots
Lots
Lots
Lots
Lot I Lot II Biff. Lot III Lot IV Biff. I & III II & IV Biff. Lot V Lot VI Biff. Lot VII Lot VIII Biff. V & VII VI & VIII Biff.
No, of calves
in each group
3
3
3
3
3
Length of the
feeding
trials, days
170
170
170
170
170
Ave, daily
gain per calf,
pounds
'i.Uos
1.635 0.227
1.129
1.11*8 0.019
1.269
1.391
.122 1,286
1.260 0.006
1.222
1.117 0.105
1.251*
1.199 0.055
Ave, daily
grain
consumption,
pounds
2.966
2.919
.01*7
3.053
3.053
3.000
2.986
.Oil* 2.276
2.319
.01*3
2.693
2.825
.132
2.1*81*
2.572 0.088
Ave♦ grain
consumed to
produce 100
pounds
weight, lbs.
210.7
178.5
32.2
270.1* 253.0
1*81.1
1*31.5 1*9.6 176,9
180.3
3.1*
232.3
252.7
20.1*
1*09.2
1*33.0 23.8
Ave. daily
hay
consumption,
pounds
8.881* 8.827
.057
13.969
.21*2 9.1*61* 9.11*1* .320
13.1*70
13.756
.286
11.1*67
Hay consumed
to produce
100 lbs,
weight
631.0
91.2
1237.7 1202.3
1095.0
1228.1
133.1 1830.8
539.8
6
82.6
Hi.507’ .538
6
11.1*26 11.668
35.1i 1868.7
171*2.1 126.6
3
3
3
3
170
170
170
170
735.3 713.9 21.9
6
6
11.1*50
.017
191*2.0 111.2
TABLE V
Average
Milligrams of Inorganic
Calcium and Phosphorus
Group I
Fed
Mustard
Oil Meal
Group Il
Group III
Group IV
Fed
Soybean
Oil Meal
Fed
Mustard
Oil Meal
Lot n
Lot III
Lot IV
Lot V
Lot VI
Lot VII
Lot VIII
10.0
10.0
12.7
13.0
10.1
9.8
10.3
10.2
Final
9.0
9.3
9.7
9.0
10.0
9.5
9.3
9-3 ,
Lot I
Plasma Inorganic
Calcium
mg./100 ml.
Micrograms of
Carotene and Vitamin A
Initial
Fed
Fed
Soybean
Mustard
Oil Meal Oil Meal
Fed
Fed
Soybean
Mustard
Oil Meal Oil Meal
Fed
Soybean
Oil Meal
Plasma Inorganic
Phosphorus
mg./lOO ml.
Initial
5.U
5.8
U.5
U.8
7.0
6.U
6.3
6 .3 ^
Final
7.7
7.7
5.6
6.2
5.3
5.7
U.9
U.6
Carotene
Initial
ug./lOO ml.
Final
Vitamin A
ug./lOO ml*
56
76
256
200
310
363
U.3
UltO
Initial
23
22
27
25
Final
20
21
23
22
-12
TABLE VI
Concentrate Rations Fed to the Calves 3 to 6 Moiths of Age
Lot V
Lrt VI
Percent
Percent
Wheat B r a n ................... 25
Rolled Oats .................. ,30
Ground Barley.............. . , 1 5
Dry W h e y .........
20
Bone Meal .......................I
Iodized Salt......... . . . . . I
Mustard Oil Meal.........
8
Soybean Oil Meal
25
30
15
20
I
I
8
Total.................... 1 0 0 ........... 100
Protein. . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 . . . . . . 16.6
sufficient hay to meet the nutrient requirements according to body
weight.
First cutting alfalfa hay of good quality was fed in a manger
and they were allowed all they would consume.
The concentrate and hay
was fed at 6 A. M. and 6 P. M. with an additional feeding of hay in the
middle of the day.
Tha calves were confined in the stalls of a well ventilated
and well lighted calf bam.
On warm sunny days, the calves were turned
out into a small yard to exercise.
A uniform temperature was maintained
in the calf bam.
Dry wheat straw was used for bedding and stalls were cleaned
and rebedded twice daily.
and III at all times.
Water was kept before the calves in Groups I
The calves in Groups II and IV were older, so
they were allowed to go out to the drinking trough twice a day to get
water»
Gdnseqilentlyfl they had one^-half to one hour of exercise daily-
regardless of the condition of the weather's •
WEIGHING A m K u a s m m the calves
. Calves Ward weighed at the beginning of the feeding trial and
every ten days thereafter.
Each weighing took place at Yalg on the
tenth aqr of each poriod»
Weights were obtained from the average of
three successive days weights at the start and, at the end of each trial.
On the day of Wighingj, grain for-each calf was calculated
for the next ten days period.
•
■
Hay consumption for each calf was obtained
-
..
•
-
by accurately weighing the hay for one day in the middle of each period
and the average consumption for the ten day period was Calculated from
this weight*
General health conditions and the well being of each calf
was observed at all times throughout the experiments, trials*
ISl'ERlIMTIOh OF JLOOD Ph-ASMA. CALCIUM A W INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS
Blood plasma inorganic calcium and inorganic phosphorus.were
determined at the beginning and at the end of the feeding trialse
. Inorganic plasma calcium-was determined colorimetric ally by
the method of de- Loureir and Jana (£) as- modified by Koch (IU) 0
Ihe
results are expressed in mg. per 100 ml, blood plasma.
Inorganic blood plasma phosphorus was determined by the photo­
electric colorimeter method as modified by Piske and Subbarow (8 ),
Besults are expressed in mg. par 100 ml, blood plasma,
IEl1SRroiAfION OF BLOOD PLASMA CAROTENE AND. VITAMTN A
I T T 11jVI ........ in,.... i.'ini- m m
m .i A t ........ 'MN. 1.11
n . .r... .I ...
Blood plasma carotene and Vitamin A were determined at the
beginning and at the end df the Se'eond feeding trial.
The Garr-Priei
special method for determining Vitamin A and carotene in biodd plasma
as modified by Bbyer5 Phillipsi, aid Smith (3) m s used U
this trial*
The barotena. ia'separated by differentia^ solubilities of carotdhe and
Vitamin A in $0 to 60 percent ethyl alcohol*
Bie carotene was then
precipitated from the alcohol solution by d Iutiond Vitamin A remained
in solution*
The carotene .was then estimated' by photoelectric colorimeter
as described by Moore and others,(k, 6 , Il3 13,.Ig3 '23)%
Correction
factors for Xanthophylls, which appears in cattle blood plasma wa& also
made.
, .
EXPliaM W m RESULTS
DISCUSSIONS OF INDIFXHJiL iND GROUPS OF CilFES
.Io
THE FIRST FEEDING TRIAL
In the first feeding trial, twenty-two purebred calves, thirteen
Holsteins and nine Jerseys, were divided into two uniform groups designated
as Group I and Group 11»
Group I consisted of six calves, four Holsteins
and two Jerseys, from 3 to 6 'months of age*
Group II consisted, of
sixteen calves, nine Holsteins and seven Jerseys, from 6 months of age
and above#
Group I was redivided.into two uniform lots, designated as
Lot X and Lot IIe Each lot consisted of three calves, two Holsteins and
one Jersey*
Group if was also redivided into two uniform lots, designated
as Lot III and Lot IV*
Lot III consisted of four Holsteins and four
Jerseys, while Lot IV consisted of five Holsteins and three Jerseys
respectively*
Lot I and Lot III were fed mustard oil meal in the. concentrate
I
mix, and Lot II and Lot IV were fed soy bean oil meal*
The compositions
of the concentrate rations are given in Tables I and II®
The chemical analysis of the rations used in the first feeding
trial is shown in Table III9
The detailed data for the individual
calves in the various groups are given in Appendix Tables I through VYTT1r
These tables contain data of the weight in pounds at the end of each
period, normal weight by months according to Ragsdale (25), inorganic
calcium, mg* per 100 ml* blood plasma, inorganic phosphorus, mg* per
100 ml* blood plasma*.
The grain and hay intake in pounds, date of
birth and age at start of trial are also given*
’'i.
-6
I
^16"
\
TM
daily gain per calf, average feed Condmaeds and
feeds required to produce IGO pounds of gain for each Ioi are. show in
fable 1?»
fails V SmmnarlneS the blood picture of each lot.
Group Is lot I
Calves Under 6 Months of Age Receiving MUstard
■ Oil Meal in the Concentrate Ration 1 ■"
Calf 134. a female ^olsieinjr born, duly 14, 1947| started trial
'
:
'
at 4 months, 25 days of age, weighing 376 pounds..
/
During the trialp it
gained 234 pounds uith an, average daily gain of 1.376 pounds.. glx. weeks
after the trial had begun, this naif was vaccinated for Bangfs disease
and ,BlacMLeg. It lost its appetite for about three days*
The rate of
growth was slower from this time on; however" $t weighed thirty-eight
pounds above standard at the end of the trial.
Appendix fable, f sets
forth the detailed data and Comparison to the standard.^ '
The ■blood picture' revealed that, the inorganic calcium decreased
from 13.3 to 8.7 mg* per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Inorganic phosphorus
increased from 6 to 7.5 mg, per 100 ml. of blood plasma*
Inorganic
caloima of this calf waS in the normal range*
Oalf 136. a female Holstein, b o m August 20, 1947; Started
trial at, 3 months:, 19 days of age^ weighing 274 pounds*
It gained ’
steadily and consistently throughout the trial, showing a gain of 285
pounds with an average daily gain of 1=676 pounds,
Vaccination against
Bang's disease and Blackleg at the 6th week of the trial had no effect
on the rate of gain, of this calf.
Appendix fable Il sets forth the
X
detailed data and comparison to the standard.
■'
. The blood picture revealed that ,inorganic calcium decreased
from lUo6 .to 8®5 mg,» per 100 'ml© of blood.piasma'i inorganic phosphorus
increased from W
to TJg mg* per 100 ml, of blood plasma*
Inorganic
calcium was in the normal ranges,
,Cajf 131j a female Jerseyf born July I5 19k7j. started trial '
at g months, 8 days of age5 weighing 276 pounds® It gained steadily and
consistently throughout the trial, showing a gain of 199 pounds with an
average daily gain of 1.170 pounds.
Appendix Table III sets forth the
detailed data and comparison to the standard©
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 12.1 to 9.7 mg. per 100 ml, of blood plasma.. XnOrganic phosphorus
Increased from 6,3 to 7.P mg. per 100 ml. of blood plasma. These are
in the. normal range.
Calves in lot I grew and developed as normal healthy calves,
m e n they were changed from the usual ration to the experimental rations,
they did not eat it readily,
However5 in a few days, they ate the rations
immediately after being fed.
The detailed data of this lot is shown in
Tables If and 7.
Figures I and 2 show the rates of gain aid comparison
to the standard.
They were slightly above normal in weight throughout
the 170 days period... They consumed an average of 2.966 pounds Of grain
and 8,88k pounds of hay daily per calf*
Feed required.to produce'100 '
pounds of gain was 210*7 pounds,of grain end 631 pounds' of hay0
The blood inorganic calcium and phosphorus averaged 10 and
5«k
per 100 mle blood plasma at the Stait5 9' and 7$7 mg® per 100
-18Figure I. WEIGHTS OF CALVES IN LOTS I AND II COMPARED TO
RAGSDALE STiiNDARD
------------ —
------------
Mustard Oil Meal Lot I
Ragsdale Standard Lot I
« — * — * — • — Soybean Oil Meal Lot II
— i Ragsdale Standard Lot II
o 490
•h 450
/
Z
Month i on Trial
0
I
2
3
4
5
-19Figure 2.
RATE OF GAIN OF CALVES IN LOTS I AND II COMPARED
TO RAGSDALE STANDARD
—
— ---- —
Mustard Oil Meal
Lot I
Ragsdale Standard
— .— •—
«—
Soybean Oil Meal
Ragsdale Standard
Lot I
Lot II
Lot II
c 200
°
160
Months or Trial
«
20-
ml, blood plagm at the and of the' trial respectively,
mz$Bl range,
■
’
• ■' droup:l $ %'ot'B ■■ ■
■
.....
'■
These are fa the
.
,
■■
'
: Qalves Under 6 Months of ,Age deceiving Boyhean",'
Oil Meal in the Ooncentrate Bation
:■.■■■■
Qalf ,135 o a female Jersey,, b o m August 11, ■1947s started trial
at 3 months, 28 days of age, weighing 216 pounds,
with an average daily gain of 1=041 pounds,
ft gained 177 pounds-
At the 6th weak of the trial,.
it was vaccinated .against Bang's disease and Blackleg which caused it
to lose its appetite for about a week=
ft then gained in weight slowly
and was 13 pounds above standard at the end of the, trial.
Appendix fable
17 Sets forth the detailed data and comparison to the standard.
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 12=1 to 9,5 mg, per 100 m L of blood plasma*
Inorganic phosphorus
increased from 5=4 to 7=8 mg,= per 100 ml= of KLood plasma.
These are
in the normal range=
Oalf 132* a male Holstein, b o m July 2, 1947? started trial
at 5 months,.7 days; of age, Weighing 354 pounds*
ft gained consistently
and Steadily throughout the trial, gaining 319 pounds with an average
daily gain of 1,876 pounds*
Appendix Table. 7 sets forth the detailed
data and comparison, to, the standard*
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 14,6 to 8,7 mg, per 100 mL, of blood plasma.. Inorganic phosphorus .
increased from'6 ,3 to 7*8,mg, per IOQ ml, of blood plasma*
calcium level was in the normal ranges
•
The inorganic
"
Galf1 133» a male Holeteitis born July gs 1947? started trial
at 5 monthss 7' days ■of age, ueigbing 334 pounds* '-It.gained steadily ■
throughout 'the entire ■experimebtal period, ’ehouitig' •&.■gain-1of 538 founds
■'with an average1daily1gain of 1 ,988 pounds, 1Vaccinations against Bang's
disease and-Blaekleg at the ;end of six weeks 'retarded the .animal's growth,
;
:
■
' ’
Detailed data and comparison to the standard is''shown in Appendix Table
_
fhe blood picture revealed that 'inorganib calcium decreased
from 13*3 to 10,9 mg. per 100 iat. of' blood plasma,' Incrgdnid phosphorus
'increased from' $.8 to 7,5 mg'a per 100 'ml,-; of blood plasma,- fheSe are
within the normal range.
'
'
CalveS in lot |X grew’Uormallyb ijhen ,they v@f#' changed from
the usual ''rations to the ■soybean oil meal ration, they showed a dislike
for it the' first few days but Soon ate the concentrate readily.
They
maintained a’good appetite the rest of the trial. So digestive trouble
’was observed, -The, summary of the data for this lot is Shorn 'In fables
'17 and- lTfilV' Figures I and 2 show the- rates' of gain as compared to the
■standard,
The average daily gain of lot' It was 1,635 pounds per calf,
This is slightly higher than lot X s which made a daily gain 'Cf 1.408
pounds.
They required' 178,5 pounds of grain' and 539.8 pounds of hay to
produce 100 pounds.'of gain;
The average; daily feed consumption was
2.919 pounds of grain, and 8.827 pounds of hay1per calf,,
fhe blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
£pqm.10 to $>»3 mg# per 3.00 b£Lw op blood plasmao
liiorgan'ic phosphorus
increased from 2,8'tp 7.7 mg, par lOO ml, df' Plqdd plasma*
These era:
' '
in the normal rsiige* ‘
-
Group H 9 Lot III
"
caJ-vQS 6„Months of ,Age and Above Receiving Mustard
Oil Meal in the Goncentrate Ration
.' .
Calf 913 a female Holstein^ b o m July Ili5 19^.6j started trial
at 16 Bionths5 2$ days of age, weighing 839 pounds, ' It gained 229 pounds
with an average daily gain of io3h? pounds.
showed a slight constipation,
During' the experiment, it
No treatment was given, aid it recovered
soon.^ It .was bred in the 6 th week of the trial, but no change in rate
Of growth was observed, .Appendix Table TII sets forth the detailed data
and comparison to the standard.'
1
The blood picture revealed that, inorganic calcium decreased
from 12*1 to 8*3 mg, per IGO ml* of blood plasma*.. Inorganic phosphorus"
increased from h «2 to $ $ mg* per 100 ml, of blood plasma,
"pie plasma
inorganic calcium Was. in the normal ranges
GaJfJ^ 5 a female Holstein5 born September f>5 I9h6| started.
orial at 13 months, k days of age, weighing Slii pounds,
^pounds with an average.;daily gain of l*liil pounds.
Xt gained. 19h
Detailed data and
■
comparison to the standard is given in Appendix Table Till,
The blood picture showed that inorganic cd. cium decreased from,
12,1 to 9.7 mgo per 100
of blood plasma, , Inorganic' phosphbrus
increased from lt.0 to 2,2 mg, per loo'ml, of blood plasmas - These are
in the normal range*
-23"
Calf lOlj.3 a female Holstein3 born November Ip3 I9I1.65 started ■
trial at 12 Bionihs5 20 days of age, weighing 7&2 pounds.
.
-
h .
,
It .gained 195 ■
■
'
' 1
pounds with an average daily gain of I=IUT poundse Roughness of the hair
and slight constipation Were also observed in this calf after the fourth
week of the trial*
There was-no serious effect on the health except
Slight decrease of'appetite and occasional congestion of the eonjuntiva
were Observed* Appendix Table II sets forth the detailed data 'and
'
' '
'
'' ‘
I' ( . , ■*
' V' ‘•
comparison to the standard®
■
,
■
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
front 12*1 to Po? mg* per 100 ml®- of blood pi asms| inorganic phosphorus
increased from
to 6*1 mg* per 100 ml* of blood plasma*
in the normal range.
These are
"
Oalf 1Q63 a female HolsteiKLr born Hovember 29s IPU63 Started
trial at 12 months, 10 days of age5- weighing 737 pounds. It gained 213
■■
Pounds with an average daily gain of 1*253 pounds* It .showed roughness
of hair ana occasional constipation after U Weeks on trial, but it main"
tainsd a good appetite throughout the entire trial. Appendik Table X
..
sets forth the detailed data*
■
Inorganic calcium decreased from 12.1 to 11.9' mg. per IQO mlfc
of blood plasmaj inorganic.phosphorus increased-from UbO to 6*3 mg* per
100 ml a of blood plasma*
These are- in the normal, range.
/
Calf 93k a. Jersey female, born July 31, 19U6| started trial
.
at 16. months, 8 days of age, weighing 583 pounds*
It gained 150 pounds
with an average daily gain of 0.8 82 pounds.. I^ showed a roughness of the
)
h a i r 'from the 3rd TJeek- of the trial md' slight constipation*
Ho treat­
ment Wad givens.-and it recovered*- .jflppetidis: fable XI sets forth the
detailed data and comparison to the standards*
-The blood picture-"repealed th'at inorganic calcium decreased
from 13i3 -to19*^ Ag* per 100 ini*:of blood plasma*
Inorganic phosphorus .
increased, from ■5*1 to 5*8 mg* ■per 100 adl*'of blood plasma*
These are
'-in the- normal 'range*
.'-i
Calf 1023 a female Jarsey5.born-Hovember Ih5 19h65 started
■
■tidal at.12 months,. 2$ days -of age, weighing 5h3 'pounds. ' it .grew"
'
noraally';and'ha'd''a-'--slee'k' Coat -■bl'ha.ir throughout the entire "trial* ' it
•/ - ;
gained 162 ,pounds with an average- daily gain of 0,953 pounds* Appendix
,
•
fable XIl sets' forth the detailed data and'Comparison :
to the standard*
'
-
-
'fhe blood, picture revealed -that inorganic calcium decreased
from li(.©6 to 8*0 mg, per 100 mlG of blood plasma,
inorganic phosphorus
increased from h&5 to 5*8 mg* per. 100 ml* of blood plasma*
Inorganic
calcium; was In the normal range*
Gaif 113s a. female Jersey9 bor-n Jannaiy l3 a 19h?|' started
trial at 10 months, 26 days -of age, weighing k92 pounds*
it gained
176 pounds, with an average, daily gain of 1*035 pounds* Bang8S diseasevaccination at the -sixth week of the trial caused no effect, upon the
- :
-
;
weight' though Slight-inactivity was observed for two days followag the
injection*
(Appendix fable XilI -sets forth.the detailed data- and comparison
to the standard*
The blood picture revealed that, inorganic calcium decreased
from 13.3 to 10*9 mg4 pet' 100'ml.; of blood plasm. 'IPorgarlb phosphorus
increased from 4.3 to 4.5 mg', per I O d m L of blood plasm.
the normal r
a
n
g
e
.
-' ' ''' - '
''
Iheseiare in
: :
Qalf 124.:a female ’Jersey9 horn April ■13, 1947; Started trial
at 7 months, 26 days of age, weighing 337 pounds.
with' an average1daily -gain of 1,270 pounds;
.It gained'.216 pounds • ,
Orouth was temporarily
checked at the sixth week when it reacted to the vaccination against
'Bang’s disease and blackleg.' At the end of the trial, it Weighed-■
$53 pounds j 59 pounds above the Standards ' Appendix table i W Sets
■forth the detailed data and'comparison to the Standard.
the blood picture revealed that inorganic Calcium decreased from
'1 2 ,1 to 9.2 mg. per 100 ml. of blood plasma, ' there was no change of the-.
inorganic phosphorus -level, which war 5 ,S mg." per 100 a£L* of blood plasma,
tn general, the calves in hot H I ; were normal -healthy calves.
Some of them showed roughness of hair and Slight constipation after -
3 or 4 weeks on trial.
Calves number 91, 93, 97, 104, and 106 were ■
considered to be mors pronounced in symptoms.
Calf'Mo. 106 was treated
with castor oil twice because of -severe' Constipation.
However, when the
weather became warmer in the late spring, and the calves' were -turned,
out into, the yard for a longer period of. time, their condition was
'improved,
Tables !? and t show the SUmmaiy of the calves in hot'Hf,
Higurea 3 and 4 show the rates of gain as compared to the standard.
At the start of the trial, the Jersey calves weighed slightly below the
standards btit they gained steadily, and weighed above normal after on# ■
month on trials
All c'4ves in hot H I weighed above normal .at the end
of the tzialy
The average daily gain per calf in Lqt III was I«129 pounds@
It is slightly less than those in Lot I? which gained IeiljrS pounds
respectively®
They Consumed 3?Q53 pounds of grain and 13«96^ pound# ,■
of hay daily*
Feed required tq produce 100 pounds of gain was 270*h
pounds Of grain and 1,237*7 pounds of hay.
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 12o? to 9a7 mg» per 100 ml0 of blood plasma#
increased from
Inorganic phosphorus
to $ .6 mg, per 100 ml,‘of blood plasma.
These are
in the normal range®
Group II, Lot IF
Calves 6 Months of Age and Above deceiving Soybean
,■. Oil Meal in the Concentrate.Eation
Calf 9$s a female Holstein, b o m ingust 17 , IphGa started
trial at IS months, 22 days ..of age.,, weighing 889, pounds, 'It gained 21h
pounds with an average daily gain of 1,238-pound#,. Appendix Table W
sets forth the detailed data and,comparison to thd-standard,.■
. The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased .
from 12®1 to 8,0 mg, per. 100 ml, of blood, plasma,; ;Inorganic phosphorus
increased from 3,2 to 3,7 mg. per 100 ml. of blood plasma, . The inorganic
calcium was in the normal range®
,
Calf 98, a female Holstein calf, born September 3, 19ij.6| started trial at 13 months, h days of age, weighing 8k7 pounds®
gained 230 pounds with m
average daily gain of ImUlQ pounds®
It
Appendix
fable H I sets forth the detailed data and comparison to the standard.
■
fhe blood picture revealed that .’
inorgahic calcium' decreased
from 14 »6 to % 0 mg* per IDO mi6 of blood plasma.
Inorganic phosphorus
increased .from 4*8 to 5,=?'mg= per 100 ml= of blood plasma.
Ihese are
in the normal ,range.*
Dalf IQS, a female Holstein5 born January 2„ 1947; started
trial at 11 months^ 7 days of age, weighing 745 pounds, it gained 157
pounds with an average daily gain of 0*923 pounds*
Dehorning the fifth
week of the trial and vaccinations against Dang-6S disease and blackleg
on the. sixth week temporarily checked the growth rate,. At the end of
the trial, if -weighed 902 pounds, 96 pounds above the normal*
Appendix
fable H l I sets forth the detailed data and comparison to the standard,
fhe blood picture revealed that inorganic, calcium decreased
from 14.6 to 8*0 mg. ■per 100 ml* of blood plasma.
,Inorganic phosphorus
increased from 4 .B to 6*6 mg,, per 100 ml* of blood plasma*
Inorganic
calcium was within the normal range*
'
1
'
6
’•
.
■
Calf 116. a female Holstein,, born February 17, 1947? started
trial at 9 months, 22 days of age, weighing 596 pounds.
It gained
steadily and consistently, gaining 236 pounds with an average daily gain
of 1 .3 8 8 pounds.
Vaccination against 1Bang6S disease and blackleg caused
no effect upon growth.
Appendix fable H l S l sets forth the. detailed
data and comparison to the standard*
fhe blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 13.3 to 10*4 mg. per 100 ml, of blood plasma.
Ihorganic phosphorus
f
m2Sfe
6*4--'ag*1per %G0 ml^.df ^bidcid plasma* ':fhe0q -are
-Jlnqreetsed from
in the normal range*• ''
• ••
• ' *•
'
••’ •"•1 •••'•• •
- •” :
Galfl125* a female Holsteirij born Anril 28„ 19A7: Starbed
'trial at 7 months^ H
days of age; weighing 4Sl pounds.
pounds with an average daily gain of 1,770 pounds,
It gained 300
fascination against
BangfS- disease .4nd Maclcleg temporarily retarded the growth,
Appendix, ■
Ha M e XIX:;-sets forth -the1detailed data 'and Comparison to the standard,
'
■ fhe Mood pieture''revealed that, inorganic calcium decreased
from 12,1
to 9,7
ng, per 100 M , of Mood plasma; inorganic phosphorus
increased from 5.2 to 6,4
per 100 ml* of Mood plasma,
in the normal range,
;'
-
HhSse were
- -
■• ;
'
Oalf 94. a'fSmale Jersey, horn August 10, 1946; Started trial
at 15
months, 29
days of age, weighing 6 lS;ipounds,- ft'gained 150 pounds
with an average daily gain of 0,862 pounds*
Appendix H a M e Z& sets, ■■'’
forth the detailed data, and comparison to the standard,
Hhe Mood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 1 2 .1 to 8 ,0 mg, per 100 ml. of blood plasma,
increased from 4 ,8 to 6 ,3 mg, per 100
calcium was very low, ■but no
undesirable
inorganic phosphorus
of Mood plasma,
inorganic
Symptoms were observed*
Oalf 112. a female Jersey calf, b o m January 12, 1947; Started
trial -at 10 months, 27
days of
age, weighing 454
pounds,' It gained 145
■
- I'-.
'
’; '
pounds with an average daily gain, of 0,853 pounds, Vaccination against
■
Bang8S disease and blackleg at the Srbth week retarded its growth slightly,
but it recovered rapidly and was 29 pounds above the standard at the end
*=*29””
of the trials
Appendix fable XXl sets forth detailed data and comparison
to the standard?
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 12*1 to 7 o8 mg® per IOQ mjU of blood plasma*
Inorganic phosphorus
increased from $$,2 to 6*3 mg, per 100 ml„ of blood plasma*
Ihe inorganic
calcium .was very Iow3 but no abnormal physical symptoms were observed®
Galf IlS3 a female Jersey, b o m March- 20, I9h7$ started trial"
at 8 months, 19 'days of age, weighing -lj.06 pounds« Xt gained 189 pounds
with an average daily gain of I»111 poundse Vaccinations against Bang's
disease and blackleg caused a temporary slower rate of growthc Appendix
Table XXIl sets forth the detailed data and a comparison'to the Standarde
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium decreased
from 13*3 to 9*7 mg* per IQQ ml, of blood plasma*
Inorganic phosphorus-
increased from ki,3 to 607 mg* per- IQO mle.of blood plasma*
in the normal raige.
■
;
-
These are .
,-
•Galves in lot ,IV grew normally,: ,They, gained steadily and
above the normal rate*
They showed sleek coats of hair for most of the
trial and had, good appetites throughout the tried*
Tables I? and ?
show the summary pf the calves in lot IV.. ,Figures 3 and I show the rate
of gain as compared to. the standard*
The ,average daily gain per calf in lot IV was IeIilQ pounds®
They consumed 3*053 pounds of .grain and ll;*507 pounds of hay per calf
daily*
Feed required to produce 100 pounds of gain was 253 pounds of
grain, and, I?202*3Jpounds- of hay respectively*.
-30Figure 3. WEIGHTS OF CALVES IN LOTS III AND IV COMPARED TO
RAGSDALE STANDARD
— — —
—
— Mustard Oil Meal
Ragsdale Standard
—
—
—
—
Lot III
Lot III
Soybean Oil Meal Lot IV
— i — I — I — I— 'Ragsdale Standard Lot IV
840
Z
/'
,. ' ■ 1
/
/
/
/
z*
\^\
• \
\
760
--- -----
800
/
Z
'
Weight in Poxmds
Z//
s '
t
Z
>
I
o 720
Z
.5
Z
•h 680
P
-A
^
\
> >
>
>
640
— Z
>
600
M< nths on Tri! Il
560
0
J
2
3
4
5
5^-
-SiFigure 4.
RATE OF GAIN OF CALVES IN LOTS III AND IV COMPARED
TO RAGSDALE STANDARD
—
—
Mustard Oil Meal
-----
Ragsdale Standard
• — .—
Soybean Oil Meal
— I —
i
Ragsdale Standard
Lot III
Lot III
Lot IV
Lot IV
—
'ftfe blood'picture of Lot I?'retrealedthat plasma Inorganic ’'
calcium decreased from 13 to 9 mg» per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Inorganic
phosphorus inoreased from 1|#8 to 6.2 mg* per 100 ml, of blood'plasma.
Inorganic calbium m s slightly under the normal Ievei9 but no ciinical’
symptom was observed among the calves.
'
"
"
'
,=,, ; ii*.. .isE/S^qoXD-PB^ymg
'. - ...
,Fourteen Calvess;6 Holstelns and 8 ;Jerseyss ^ere used in tb,e
;,
s e c o n d , f e e d i n g , , ■Theyjtere divided into ,two uniform.groups designated
as Grpnp III'.and Group
IV*
Group III. consisted of 6 calves from 3, to 6
months'of,ages and Group. IV consisted of 8 calves from 6 to 11 months of
age.
Group 111 was again redivided into two uniform Iots5 each consisted
Of two Jerseys and one Holstein Galfe. Group IV was redivided into twouniform Iots5 each lot-consisted of two Holstein- and two Jersey heifer
calves respectively,
■
■
Similar to the-first feeding trials Lots V and VII were fed.
the mustard oil meaia while Lots VI and VIII were fed soybean oil mealin the concentrate mixture*
Ihe composition of the concentrate' rations are shown, in Tables ■
T l
and VJIe '
'
TBLE Vll
Concentrate Rations Fed to Calves 6 Months of Age and Over
Lot V H , Percent
Wheat Bran . . . . . e * . . . .
Rolled Oats
. . . . . . . . .
Ground Barley.. . . . . . . . . .
Molasses Beet Pulp. . . . . . . .
Bone Meal
. . ...
Iodized Salt. . . . . . . . . . . .
Bastard Oil Meal.- . ..«■• e
Soybean Oil Meal. . . . „ ^
e e
20
20
30
18
I
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Lot
vm
■ Percent
. . . . . .
......
......
......
......
......
......
.
20
20
30
18
I
I
10
Total . s o , . . , o e a ,100 . . . . . . »100
Protein. . . . . o ® . . . . 13'»5 . . . . . . IHsU
, Chemical analysis of the above rations are shewn in Table ill*
The concentrate fed to the calves/in Group III contained l6P6 percent
of protein*
According to Armsby and Msynai'd (I, I8),'l6.6 percent protein
in the concentrate ration for growing dairy cattle under 6 months ■of age
is considered, too Ie*,
Bry skim milk' was not available, therefore dry
Whey was used in the concentrate, ira^cwhich/ reduced the percentage of
protein in the rations*
The detailed data, for .individual calves in the second feeding
trial are given in Appendix Table Kill thru XJSVI6 f ables IV and ?
summarize the data for each let *
Group In, .hot V
Calves Under.Sia Ifonths of Age Receiving'TyWtard
Oil ,Meal in the COncentrate/RatioiT”
Calf IVQ0 a female Jersey, born lay 20, l9hQ$ Started trial at
5 months, 20 days of age, weighing 252- pounds*
It gained 213 pounds
XDith an average daily gain of I0253 pounds0 Appendix Table XXIII sets
forth the detailed data and comparison to the standard* <
The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium and phosphorus
decreased from 10 to 9*6 and from 6*5 to 5*2 mg, per 100 ml* of blood
plasma respectively.
These were in the normal range» Blood carotene
greatly increased from 7k to 385 ug. per 100 ml. Of blood plasma.
m n A increased from 23 to %k ug, per 100 ml, of blood plasma.
■
were an the normal range, . . . .
Vita-
They
...
% female Jersey, born June. 26, I^Sj started trial
—35>**
at Ik months5 lk days of age9 teighing 225 pounds6 It gaimed 190 pdunds
TdLth an average daily gain of 1*118 pounds*
This calf showed a dislilce
for the concentrate mix containing mustard oil mesi throughout the entire
trialS although it maintained a fairly.good rate, of gain*
.Appendix Table
XXIF' sets forth the detailed" data and comparison to. the ’Standard®.
There was little change in plasma inorganic calcium after 1?0
days on trial*
Xnorganie phosphorus decreased from 6ek to
ml* of blood plasma*
Blood carotene increased from 73 to 315 ug» per
100 ml® of blood plasma®
ml* of blood plasma*
per 100
Fitamin A decreased from -23 to 17 ug* per 100
These were ,all in the normal range®. '
CalXiras -a female Holstein9 born June Ps ipkS; started trial
at 5 months, I day of age, weighing 354 pounds® It gained steadily and
consistently, ganing 253 pounds with an average daily gain of 1*488
pounds* Appendix Table %X7 eats forth the detailed data and comparison
to the1standard*
Inorganic calcium and phosphorus decreased from 10 to 9*4 and
8*1 to 6.4 mg* per 100 ml. of blood plasma respectively* . The carotene
increased from 40 to 270 ug. per 100 ml. of blood
plasma, # l l e
decreased from 23 to 18 ug. per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Vitamin
A values
Vitamin
A
Carotene and
for this calf were the lowest Of the calves used in this
feeding trial, but these were still above- the
normal.'levels.
Calves in lot V seamed normal bud healthy*
'
T M y showed c o L ^
siderable gloss and sheen .of the hair for moat of the experimental period*
Mustard oil meal seemed unpalatable to all calves in this lot.
They
■
—.36ate SldWlys usually needing about one-third more time to consume the con­
centrate, than: those .-receiving soybean' oil -weal in their grain ration* '
■■ • The summary' of lot V is. shown in Tables IV and Vt
and 6 show the comparison of rate of gain to'the standard#
daily gain for. each calf in Lot V was 1*286 pounds®
Figures g
The average
This was slightly
higher than those in Lot VI* Galyes in L0t VI made an average daily gain
of 1,280 pounds* ..They consumed 2.276 pounds' of ,-grain, and 9
pounds
of hay per calf, daily* Feed required to. produce 100 pounds of gain was
176,? pounds of. grain and 735 ®8 pounds of hsy respectively^
. ,Inorganic
calcium and phosphorus decreased from .IOoX to 10
and from 7,0 to 5*3 mg, per 100 ml, of blood plasma respectively#, The
Carotene, increased frpm ^ 6 to. 310» while Vitamin A deomased slightly
from 23 to 20 tig*,per 100 ml# Of blood plasma .respectively,
Group JIl5 Lot
=.;■
VI ,
GalTes pnd^r Six Months of Age Boceivine Soybean
Oil leal in the Concentrate Ration
Qalf 173^ a female Holsteinjl born June 22s 19U&1 started trial
‘
'
-
at it monthsg 18 days of age* weighing 32lt pounds*
with an average daily gain of 1,665 pounds#
throughout the entire trial.
It gained 283 pounds
This Calf made very good gains
Appendix Table ZHVI sets forth the detailed
data and comparison to the standard#
'
,
Inorganic calcium and phosphorus decreased from 10*2 to 9 ,6
and from 6*2 to 5»6 mg* per 100 ml® of blood plasma respectively* Blood
carotene increased f w m 31 to 260 ng. per 100 ml, blood plasma, Vitamkt
A increased from 15 to 21 ug6 per 100 ml* blood plasma.
They were all
-37
Figure 5.
VffiIGHTS OF CALVES H
LOTS V AIiD VI COMPARED TO
RAGSDALE STANDARD
-------------- Mustard Oil Meal
—
Lot V
-----------Ragsdale Standard Lot V
— *—
*—
—i
-—
—
Soybean Oil Meal Lot VI
I
Ragsdale Standard Lot VI
510
/
/
/
-- X X
/
/
470
Z
/
430
,
X
X"
y
390
y Z
X
spunod UT q.HhTag
,
z '
350
Z
<*
Z
*
310
\
X
270
230
Z
Months
on Trial
190
0
1
2
3
4
5
5|-
-38Figure 6.
RATE OF GAIN OF CALVES IN LOTS V AND VI COMPARED
TO RAGSDALE STANDARD
--------- —
Mustard Oil Meal
------------—
,—
Lot V
Ragsdale Standard
----- Soybean Oil Meal
—+ — '
Lot V
Lot VI
Ragsdale Standard Lot VI
280
240
Zy
to
IO 200
o,
C
•H
X
rO
<D
•h 160
/
<3
-P
y
•H
I= 120
80
*
40
Months on Trial
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
5&
ini,the normal range»
...(
-
Calf 16$a a female Jerseya born May Ila 19hBi, started, trial , •
at $ Sionths3 29 days of agea weighing '2?2 pounds0 ft gained 174 pounds
with an average daily gain of 1.023 pounds@ Appendix Table XXHI sets,
forth the detailed data and comparison to -Iiie standard*
Inorganic calcium and phosphorus decreased from 10o5 to 9e2
and from 60I to .5*3 mg, per 100 ml. of blood plasma respectively.
carotene increased from 170 to
Blood
ug» per 100 ml0 of blood plasma.
Vitamin A decreased from■31 ■te■19 ■ug.® per.100 ml., of bipod plasma.
were all in the normal range.
These
1
Calf 1723 a female Jersey3 born June Ih3 19h% 'started, trial
at h monthsa 2& days 6f agea weighing 2h7 pounds.
wrfch an average ,daily gain of 1*1^3 pounds*
It gained 1 9 6 'pounds
Appendix Table XXVlII sets
forth the detailed' data and comparison to the standard*
Inorganic calcium increased •slightly from 9 to 9 .6 Mill©
inorganic phosphorus decreased from 7 .2 to 6 .9 mg. per 100 ml. of blood ■
plasma respectively.
Blood carotene increased from Jk to 389 ug, par- ■
100 ml. of blood plasma.
ml» of blood plasma.
All of these .were in the normal range*
■' Calves"in Lot H
ration.
Vitamin 'A decreased from 29 to 23 ug. per 100 ■
received soybean oil. meal in the concentrate
They grew normally and vigorously throughout the entire trial*
Their r ate of gain was slightly under Ragsdale’s standard*
Since all the
calves weighed highly above the standard at the start, they were still
abcnre normal at the end of the trial*. Tables IV and V show the Summary
!
df this lot,
normal^
Figures $ and 6 show 'the rats of gain as compared to the
1.280 poundse
Average- ,gain for Loi
They consumed '2.319
pounds' of grain and 9^lhk pounds, of hay per calf daily.
It required 180*3
pounds of grain and 713.9 pounds of hay to produce 100 pounds of gain.
The blood picture, revealed that inorganic calcium and phosphorus
decreased slightly from 9.8 to.9.2 and from 6eit to 2.7 mg. per 100 mle
of blood plasma respectively,.
Blood carotene increased from 76 to 363
uge psr 100 ml. of blood plasma®
Vitamin A slightly decreased from 22
to 21 Uge per 100 ml; of blood plasma.
These were in the normal range.
Group IV5 Lot VII
Calves 6 Months of Age and Above Receiving Mustard
. .Oil Meal in the Concentrate Ration
Cajf 122,. a female Jerseys born Januazy I?, 19L8| started trial
at 9 months* 23 days of a.gea weighing k3k pounds y It gained 123 pounds with
an average, daily gain of 0,900 pounds,. This calf showed a dislike for
.........................
the mustard oil meal ration.
■ '
;
Appendix Table XXIX sets forth the detailed
data apd ,comparison to the standard®
Inorganic calcium and phosphorus decreased from IO02 to 9.2
and from 6,5 to 5.4 mg. per 100 ml. of blood plasma respectively.
Blood
carotene increased from 170 to 490 ug« per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Vitamin A increased from 21 to 24 ug. per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Calf 146S a female Jersey* born November 18S 19473 started
trial at 11 months* 22 days of age* weighing 540 pounds. It gained 181
pounds with an average daily gain of 1.065 pounds®
Appendix Table XXX
sets forth the detailed data in comparison to the standard®
The blood picture revealed that indrganic ealeium and pliosphdrds
decreased from
plasma respectively*
tti 9,1 add from 6.0 to 3o3 mg* per 100 ml. of blood
Blood carotene decreased from 770 to 580 uge per
100 mlo of blood plasma*
Vitamin A also decreased from 36 to 22 ug«, per
100 ml. of blood plasma.
Calf lb? 4 a female Holsieina born (April 26$ ,lpk8$ started trial
at 6 months, lh days of age,' weighing 369 pounds.
■with an average daily gain of IiltfO pounds*
It gained 250 pounds
Appendix Table I X H sets
forth the detailed data and Comparison to the standard.
Blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium aad phosphorus
decreased from 11.3 to 9.3 and from 6.It to 5.7 mg. per 100 ml. of blood
plasma respectively.
Blood carotene increased from ItQ to 2ljO ug. per
100 ml. of blood plasma.
ibI.
Vitamin A decreased from 27 to 23 ug. per 100
of blood plasmae These were all in the normal range®
Calf 159, a female Holstein, born March I^ I9lt8| started trial
at 8 months, 9 days of age, weighing 568 pounds.
It gained steadily and
consistently, gaining 2ltf pounds with an average daily gain of l.it53
poundse. Appendix Table XXXII sets forth the detailed data aid comparison
to the standard®
• The blood picture revealed that inorganic calcium and phosphorus decreased slightly from 9.8 to 9.7 end from 6.5 to 5.5 mg. per
100 rule of blood plasma.
Blood carotene increased from Wt to 3h0 uge
per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
100 ml. of blood plasma.
Vitamin A decreased from 23 to 21 ug. per
These were in the normal range.
Galres in Lot VIl were fed the mustard oil meal ration* They
'-■ ■ 1'■
>.■■■•■. ■ ' .i...■=•■.■. : • . ' ■ ■ ■■ ■■
?. ■:■
were normal and healthy throughout the entire trial* Calves.in this lot
"
: ’ .' ’ ■ ■ ‘
1-
'
>
’
:
1
‘
'
1 1.
--
‘
\ t:
'
. i J
ate the concentrate slowly* • Calves l$2 and 159 showed special dislike
• ' '
1
v
■' r.. ; ■ ■
for the mustard oil meal ration*
'
V
: ...
r.
,
This would ind cate that the mustard
oil meal was unpalatable» Tables IV and V show the summary of this lot*
Figures 7 and 8 show the rate of gain as compared to the standard*
Calves
of the Jersey breed gained slightly slower than normal*. They weighed
above normal at the end of the trial, however*, The average daily gain
'
for this lot was 1*222 pounds*
"
11
'I''
'
'■■■
They consumed 2,693 pounds of grain aid
13®^70 pounds of hay per calf daily* Feed required to prodioe 100 pounds
'' '
* : '
•:!
' t
.
of gain was 232*3 pounds, of grain aid Is095 pounds of h§r respectively*-
,1
I ,
The blood picture revealed that the general decrease of Inor=
■
'
■
'
‘
■■
■
:
'
•
•
ganie calcium and phosphorus was prevalent among the calves in this lot*
The inorgai ie phosphorus level of calf li.6 decreased greatly from 6 to
3«3 mg, per 100 nO.® of blood plasma^ but no clinical symptoms were ob­
served®, The average calcium aid phosphorus decreased from 10*3 to 9*3
and irom 6*3 to 1|.®9 mg* per 100 ml* of blood plasma*
Blood carotene "
increased from 256 to &13 ng* per 100 ml. of blood plasma.
Vitamin A
decreased from 2? to 23 ug* per XQO ml, of blood plasma*
Group IV^ Lot V I H
Calves 6 ,Months of Age and Above Receiving Soybean
Oil Meal in the 'Concentrate Ration / . Calf l5h, a female Jersey, born February I, I9I183 started trial
at 9 months,- 9 days of hge^.‘weighing h56 pounds*
with ah average daily gain of 0*712 pounds.
It gained 121 pounds '
Appendix Table XEXIII sets
-43
Figure 7. WEIGHTS OF CALVES IN LOTS VII AND VIII COMPARED TO
RAGSDALE STANDARD
---- —
----- Mustard Oil Meal
Lot VII
— ----------- Ragsdale Standard
Lot VII
— • — < — •— — Soybean Oil Meal
Lot VIII
H Ragsdale Standard Lot VIII
Months on Trial
—44Figure 8.
RATE OF GAIN OF CALVES IN LOTS VII AND VIII COMPARED
TO RAGSDALE STANDARD
----------- Mustard Oil Meal
---------—
Lot VTI
Ragsdale Standard Lot VTI
•— •— •— Soybean Oil Meal Lot VIII
— I -t -,Ragsdale Standard Lot VIII
'5 120
Months on Trial
0
I
2
3
4
5
5&
,forth;the detaile d data •in .
•comparison to:the .standards
The blood picture revealed .that inorganic-calditim and phosphorus
decreased from IQ5tIi. to
respectively
and from 6 to W h mg* per 100 'rols of blood plasma
Blood, carotene increased from 173 to 5go ugc per 100 ml.
Of blood Plassiae Vitamin A decreased from 21 to 17 ug.» per 100 nils Of
blood plasma*
Galf .KSgjl a female, Jersey born April 6 S 19h8| started trial
at 7 months3 h days of age, weighing 335 pounds. ,It gained slighter less
.than normals gaining ,160 pounds with an average daily gain Of QePhl
'
poundse Appendix Table XXjfIV sets forth th© detailed ■data sa d !comparison
to the standard
■
■
■The blood picture revealed that inorganic Calcium and phos­
phorus decrease, from 10 to 9»5 and from ,7 to hs3 mg.® per 100 ml* of blood
plasma respectively
Blood carotene increased, from 132 to 610. Ug0 per
100 Pil5T of blopd plasma.
Vitamin A slightly decreased from 28 to 23
.ug.® per 100 ml, of blood plasmae
.
C a K lQoiT a female HoKteina born March 9S 19h8| started trial
at 8 monthsa I day .Of age, weighing 501 pounds® ,It gained-steadily and
consistently^ gaining 2h9 pounds with an average daily gain of l»h65 '
Ptmnda^, Appendix, Table XJQEV ,sets forth the detahled data*
.Inorganic caldium and.phosphorus decreased from.10 to 9„h
and from 6*3 to 5»h mg«, per 100 ml* of blood plasma respectivelye BloOd
carotene and. Vitamin. A increased from 70 to 300'and from, 21 to 23 ug*
per 100 ml, of blood plasma respectively^
.
.
■" : ; • Calf1UiTa a f emale Holstein9 ■born. Jfecember Ili9 19h7$ started
trial at 10 months, 26 days of ■age9;weighing: $9$ pounds^ It gained: 230. ,
pounds:with .an.average daily gain, of 1»353. pounds,
appendix Table
sets forth the detailed data .,and .comparison to the standard,
.' ' v "
■
Inorganic calcium and. phosphorus decreased from 10„6 to ,9,2
and from 5,9 to boh mg. per 100 ml. of blood plasma respectively* Blood
carotene
lt25 .to,'33p;ug# ,p*?. lOQ. ml. of blood: p W m a * - ;,
Vitamin 4 decreased from 33 ,to 2b :ug. per 100 ml. of,blood,plasma*,.; ,
■ 'Oelves In lot,VIII-were, fed the .soybean ■oil meal, ,ration. , They
grew normally a d ware, in a, healthy condition- throughout the trial, ,The
Jersey calves .gained less than normal,, this, was similar to those in Lot ■
VII which has.-been-.described-previously. ■-Hgures .7,,and 8 show the rate
of-gain- as compared to-the. standard. ,
,
...;
^j.., ,,,
The-data of- this, lot is summarised in Tables IV and .Vs Average
daily gain was I9Il?.pounds per Galf9 they consumed S9825 pounds ,of
grain ;and 13.756 pounds of.hay. per calf daily,
feed required.to produce
100 pounds of ga^r.was. 252.7. pounds of grain.. and„l9228.1 pounds, of, h%r..
respectively..
-..
.
,,
,
- -,V. , , .
' ;
,
. ;
Tlie blood,'picture revealed that, inorganic calcium and phosphorus ,decreased fr.om lO*2 to 9.3 and from.6.3 ,to L.6.mg., per 100'mL. of
blood plasma respectively^ . Blood carotene increased from- 200 to If,ItO ug.
per 100 ml. of blood plasma,
Vitamin f decreased slightly,from 25 to
22 ug.,pdr 100 ml. of blood plasma, ■. ,
,
DISOJSSIOHS OF EESULTS
A summary: of the results for the first feeding trial is given
in Table IV0 The average daily gain for the calves in Group I3 Lots I
■ ■■
1
•'
■■■.
'■
'
■■■■■■
■
■
■■
-:
...
%
and II wae l<.if08 pounds .and I0635 pounds respectively« This was 0,227 pounds
ip favor, of Lot jj that received soybean oil Meal in the concentrate
'
ration,
"
•'
'
'
1 .
t l V'.
'-
'
■
■
' ■
■’ ?
n ' :.
ii •'
i
!
The average daily feed consumed was 2,966 pounds of grain and
8*8% pounds of hqy for L^t I and 2,919 pounds, of grain and 8.827 pounds
Of hay for Lot II*
Lot II consumed an average of O.Oij.7 pounds less
grain and 0*057 pounds less hay per calf daily than L0t Ie
Comparison of rate of gain is shown in Figure 9» which Shows
that the group receiving soybean oil meal maintained a more consistent
rate of growth than the group fed mustard oil meal in the concentrate#
This was especially noticeable the last three ten-day periods#
The average daily gain for Group II3 Lots III and IV was 1*129
pounds and, I.Ut8 pounds respectively.
This was. 0.019 pounds per calf in
favor of Lot IV which received soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration*
The average daily feed consume d was 3*053 pounds of grain and 13*969
pounds of hay per calf for. Lot III and 3.053 pounds of grain and Hu507
pounds of hay per calf for Lot IV® Lot IV consumed an average of 0*538
pounds more hay per calf daily than Lot III#
Figure 10 shows the comparison of rate of gain for calves in
•
Lots I H and IV3 Thick shows that the rate of gain for the calves receiving
mustard oil meal in the concentrate was considerably below those calves fed
soybean oil meal*
This was especially noticeable after the fifth ten-day
Figure 9-
RATE OF GAIN BY TEN DAY PERIODS, OF CALVES FED SOYBEAN OIL MEAL
COMPARED TO CALVES FED MUSTARD OIL MEAL
Fi rst Feec
TriE I
ing
Mue tare Oil Mea I
280
-- • -
— -
hear 01] Mea I
'
Iot I
Iot ]I
\
\
21*0
/
/
f
m 200
zr
C+
/
/Z
g
/
Zz
Z
Z
Z
/
Z
ro 160
Z
6
X
id
o
/>
§
/
aO 120
C
y
Z 1/
v;
/
-Z
Sr
Z
./
/
A
Days
/
)
2D
3 )'
h
D
53
6
O
7D
8D
on Trii Li
9 3 IC D 11 O 12 o
i:
O 11 O 15 O 16 O I, O
Figure 10.
RATE OF GAIN BY TEN DAY PERIODS, OF CALVES FED SOYBEAN OIL MEAL COMPARED
TO CALVES FED MUSTARD OIL MEAL
First
F
flust ird )il Meal
Pria .
feeding period^
'
.
In;the first feeding trials the calves receiving Soybean bil
■meal in the ,concentrate ration gained I 0391 pounds •and those receiving
mustard oil meal ganed-1,269 ,pounds per calf per day respectively;, :The ':
general decrease of inorganic, c alcium and 'increase'of inorganic ■phosphorus
was;prevalent: among .the' calves in the first feeding trial3 '■
'
,The.results for .the second- feeding trial are shown in:Tables •
I? and V 0 ■The average, daly gain per .calf for ,-Group -Ilis Lots V arid VI
was :I 0286 pounds .and, I „280 .pounds respectivelye v This was O «,006 pounds;
■ ’■
, :
per calf in, favor of LDt -V'which received, mustard oil meal in "their con­
centrate.. ration®; The average daily feed'.consumed was ■2 .276 pounds' -of
grain, and 9.M t ,pounds of h%r per calf for Lot V and 20;3 1 9 :pounds- Of-v
grain and 9olMh, pounds of hay. per- calf for Lot VI.
Ldb Vconsumed O.Olj.3
pounds less grain and G«320 pounds less hay per calf than Lot IVs -Com­
parison of rate of gain is ,shewn in Figure Ils * i c h shows that the rate;
of gain,for both groups was practically the same®, .
. .•
■ The average daily gain for Group IV5 Lots VII and VIIl waS" ■
1=222 pounds and 1.117 pounds per. calf respectively=
This was O 6IO^.
:
pounds in favor of Lot VII which- received'mstard oil meal in their con- .
centrate ration.
The average daily1
.feed consumed was 2.693 pounds of
\
grain and 13=470 pounds ,of. hay per calf for Lot Vll and 2.82$ pounds of .
grain and 13.756 pounds of hay, per calf for Lot VIII. •
- ■ " •
' -
Comparison .of .rate- of- gain is- given in Figure 12s which shows •■'
that the rate of .gain for the calves, receiving soybean oil meal in the
''
Figure 11.
RATE OF GAIN RY TEN DAY 0ERIODS, OF CALVES FED SOYBEAN OIL MEAL
COMPARED TO CALVFS FED MUSTARD OIL MEAL
<Iecor d
F eedi Ig I rial
-
IVusta rd O il IVeal
Lot V
280
•
—
*
— S uybe an O LI M eal
Lot VI
2U0
/
/
200
>
Z
/
Z
160
*
/'
Z
120
/
S
-‘
Z/
80
•
Z
uo
—
/P
'a/.
-
Da
O
)
2
) 33 U 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 D
JB
O n Tr ial
9 3 10 O 11 3 12 O 15 D IU 3 15 O 16 O 17 O
Figure 12.
RATF OF GAIN BY TEN DAY PERIODS, OF CALVES FED SOYBEAN OIL MEAL
COMPARED TO CALVES FED MUSTARD OIL MEAL
s!;con i
F 3edi ng
T "ial
- Mu star d Oi I Me al
jOt VII
- S b /■bea n Oi I Me al
jot 7III
280
— —
2U0
/
160
'
r^
>
/
/ /■
120
/
80
y
-- /
/
Z
/
^ »—
Z
/
z-'
Z "
/
/
Uo
X
»/
//
V
D iys )n 1P *ial
0 / I O 2 5 3 ) U ) 5 ) 6 ) 7 ) 8 ) 9 3 10 ) 11 3 12 ) 13 ) lit D 15
Cj
Weight Gained, Pounds
200
3 17 3
concentrate 'was^'slighily 'below those 'C'alwe ^fed-Mustard.' oil meal# .•Jhig--..
XVas1hoticeable’after the eighth ten-da^ feeding period,
1
1
'
’
■ 1' ' ' -Ih'the: second 'feeding, trials the averageidai Jy -gain for the;:
calves'' fed' miiisiiaird'oil -Ifiealiiin"1their 'concentrate' ^htidn “w'as;
-u ; "
pounds faad;fthose'f fed 'sbyhfean-oil;Mfedt1was 1*119 •^liAdg4 This was 'OcO S ■<
pounds' '!per Cdlf •in favor of *thfe c‘
4ivfe's;ffed WiW^afd :6il.Meal0-’ A-genefal'-'■
decliiie of'both Inorganic1IfealcidM M phosphorus Mms -OhWtedi'but -these i
Minerals 'were still in the ntimai-'rarigdo-'i ;' • . . .
- SoMe of the calves fed'W t a r d 'Mil MeaL'in •
'their -concentrate - 1
ration1showed roughness of hair In the slatter part of the first feeding'
trial#
All "the calves on the second feeding trial that^were fed Mustard
oil meal showed gloss and sheen1
-to the h W
trial# .
.
■
during Most of the' feeding'
V1 '
Ihe blood picture Of the calves in the second feeding trial' '
revealedthat the carotene levels at the end of the "trial were highly
'
above- that of the initial.IeVelSa The VitaMn- A was. fairly constant,
However9 there was a slight decrease -.for most of the calves®. ■Thfe- fearo- tens -and Vitamin A values were above the; normal Iavel0 'These -levels
were more uniform in the calves at .thfe end' of the feeding trial than 'atthe beginning# •'■
There was a general decline of; inorganic calcium and -inorganic
phosphorus in the second feeding trial#
with Maynard (18)«
This seems to be in' agreement" ;
SUMMARI
Two feeding trials were conducted with 36 purebred Holstein
and Jersey calves 3 to l6 months of age.
The calves were divided into
four groups taking into consideration breed, age, and body weight to
make the groups as uniform as possiblec
One group was. fed mustard oil meal in the concentrate mine,
and the other, used as a check groups -Was fed soybean oil meal in the
concentrate mix*
The summary of the results is shown in Table VIlI *
Calves '3 to S months of age fed mustard oil meal in the. con­
centrate ration gained l„3k7 pounds per calf daily.
Calves of the same
age group fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration gained I0Ii^S
pounds per calf daily*
The difference was OeIll pounds of daily gain
in favor of the calves fed soybean oil meal*
Calves 6 months of age and over fed mustard oil meal in the
concentrate ration gained 1*176 pounds per calf daily*
Calves in the
same age group fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration gained
1.132 pounds per calf daily.
The difference was OeOUU pounds daily
gain per calf in favor of those fed mustard oil meal*
The average.daily gain per Calf for all calves fed mustard
oil meal in the concentrate ration was 1.262 pounds.
The average daily
gain per calf for all, calves fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate
ration was 1.295 pounds.®
This was 0*033 pounds in favor'of the calve®
fed soybean oil meal in the concentrate ration*.
TABLE VILI
Simmary of Average Daily Gains3 Hay and Grain Consumed3 Bay and Grain
Esquired to Produce 100 Pounds Gainj Milligrams of Xnorganie
Calcium and Phosphorus and Micrograms of Carotene and
Vitamin A per 100 Milliliters of Blood
Calves- 3 to 6 Months '
of Age'
Calves 6 Month's of Age
and Over
Average '
ExperimentalControl • Experimental-'
Control
Experimental- Control;
Lots I & V Eots II & V I Lots III & VI I Lots XV & VIII
Groups
Groups'•
Avei- lbs,;daily gain
per calf
i.M
I'M
1.176
1.132
Ii 2.62
Aye. daily grain comsumption3 Ibse
2.621
2.619
2.873
2;939
2.747
1.295
2.279
&
'
Avee daily hay consumption,
9.Hi?
IbSe
8.986
13.719
14.136
11.441
11.651.
Avee grain consumed to produce
100 lbs. gain
193.8
179,4
251.3
252.9
222.1
216.6
Ave. hay consumed tq produce
100 Ibse gain
683« U
626.6
1166.4
1215.2
924.9
926+9
9.5
9.5
,,
9.5
9 .5
6 .7
. 5.3
5.2
6.0
6.0
•x-Plasma inorganic calcium
mg./100 ml.
-x-Plasma inorganic phosphorus
mg./100 ml.
6.6
■!{Carotene, ug./lOO blL.
310
363
413
x-Vltamin A3 ug./lOO ml.
20
21
23
-x-Data taken from end of the trial
440
22 '
-I
362
402
22
22
'. CONCLUSIONS
,-Mistard oil meal is just as satisfactory a protein supplement
in the concentrate mix for dairy c elves 3 to 16 months of age as soybean
■-oil'meala/
,
■'
f ■'
r*
1
”
I
-
Calves fed mustard oil meal as a protein supplement will appear
:
'
'
.
as thrifty and as vigorous as calves fe.d soybean oil meal„
Calves fed mustard oil meal maintain normal blood plasma .
inorganic calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels^
' :
,
■
V’
"
‘
'
1'
■' Calves fbd mustard oil meal maintain normal carotene and Vitamin A levels,
,
■,
Mustard oil meal fed to calves in a concentrate mix is not as
palatable as the same concentrate ration male up with soybean oil meal
as the protein supplement,
She mustard oil meal fed to the calves in this experiment did
not exhibit any toxicity to the daisy calves*
,ACKNOitLEmiEHIS'
The author of this thesis gratefully acknowledges the advice
■ ,'
,
-,
e
and assistance of the following who' aided in Carrying out this study,
3>.-J
A.1Helsorij,'Head of the:Department of'Hairy Industry,'
Montana State, College,: gave1
'very helpful ehcoiiragementy advice, -aid
assistance.
Bn, B. A. Keyes,'project'adviser,’who'set-up the plan and
furnished the calves for the experiment, gave valuable advice throughout
the study and in compiling the data,'
The valuable assistance of:Dr, Karl F« Swingle in analyzing
samples was greatly appreciated.
Gratitude is extended to The Montana Vegetable Oil and Feed
Company, Great Falls, Montana, for the financial grant and supplying
the mustard oil meal used in this experiment.
Ie
Arasby5 H, P0 1921«
"
■ C O O P E M m rB EXPERIMENTS UPON THE, PROTEIN EEQUIREMTS FOR THE
GROWTH OF CATTLE,
Natfle RaSb arch Council Bull* IS5 1921«'
2o
Anderson5 A, Ke5 and Gayley5 H» E « '1930'« "
'STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BOVINE BLOOD0
J«. % . Sci«5 13:336-30* ' ' " '
3*
Boyer5 P* D«5 Phillip5 P. He5 and Ssnth5 Jff K, 19hH«
THE SEPARATION QF CAROTENE. FROM VITAMIN A .FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF VITAMIN A IN BLOOD PLASMA.
'
J, Bioie Cheia,'5 .132:03-02«
'
H0 GlauSen5 S. Mo5 and IlcCoord5 Jo JB0 1936,
:
■ the DETERMINATION OF CAROTENE,AND XANTflOPHILL BI A SINGLE
DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN LIQUID PHASE.
J0 Biol0 Chem0 n 3 2,89-100
-
3«
de Loureiro and Jana0 190»
■ Biochem0 J 05 38:16«
6»
Dann5 ¥« J05 and .Evelyn5 K. A* 1937«
A PHOTOELECTRIC MCROOOLQRlMETER, . .
J« Biochem05 32:1008»
t
7» Eckles5 Ce Ho
Mo. Agre Expt. Sta0 Res. Bul0 36 » 19EQ0'
8»
Fiske and Subbarow5 1923»
J »■'Biocheme 38 s16»
9»
Hart5 G. H05. and Guilbert5 H. R9 1933»
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY AS RELATED TO REPRODUCTION IN RANGE CATTLE®
Calif, Agr0 Expt0 Sta0 Bull, 360:1=30»
10*
Jones5 Eckles and Palmere 1926«
THE RQLE OF VITAMIN A IN TfIE NUTRITION OF CALVES,
J. Dy, Sci05 9:119-139*
11»
Keener5-H. Aas 190»
CAROTENE IN CALF NUTRITION.
J« Dy. Sci05 23:371-383»
-
59-=
12,
Keyes5 E9 A,, et a!
,.
THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL VITAMIN A AND D IN THE STANDARD CALF '
STARTER
<?« %r. .861,, .26(8, 7 h l? 19h%
13,
Kimble, M. S. 1939»
THE PHOTOEIECTIO DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN A AND CAROTENE IN
HUMAN PLASMA,
Jo 'Lab6 and Clin, Med03 2^.?1055*^1056,.
3ii» Koeh6
'
15#
"
PRACTICAL METHODS IN BIOCHEiHSTRY
'2nd, ed. ppo 160, Wm0■Wood & Co*, -New Yorke
;
Moore, L, A. 1939a
:
THE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD PLASMA CAROTENE IN THE BOVINE USING
A PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER,
Je
Sbie, 22s571~583e‘
''
16P Moore, L, A. 1939,
*
EFFECT OF PASTURE- UPON CAROTENE CONTENT OF BLOOD PLASMA OF
THE BOVINE.
- J. Dy. Seiss 513-519» ‘
17a Moore, L® A® 1939®.
CAROTENE INTAKE LEVEL OF BLOOD PLASMA CAROTENE AND THE DEVELOP^
MENT OF PAPILLARY EDEMA AND NYCTALOPIA IN CALVES,
J, Dy, Sci;, 22:803-812,
18;
Maynard, L. A, IpR?=
ANIMAL NUTRITION .
. .
2nd, ed, pp. 117-12U & pp, 357®
19a
MeCandlish, A, G;
J, Dy, Sol,, 5S312, 1922.
20.
MONTANA AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
Dec,, 19R8.
21#
.
’
Meigs, E, B», Blatherwiek, N® Bi, and Gary, C« A®. 1920,
ACONTRIBUTIONS TO PHYSIOLOGY OF PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM
METABOLISM AS RELATED TO MILK SECRETION.■
J. Biol. Ghem., 37:2^5-255#
22.' Post, A. H. 1939» '
MUSTARD SEEDS. ITS PRODUCTION AND LIMITATIONS,
Montana Agri. Expt. S.ta, Bull® ..
- 60«
2%
PaImsr5 i. S6 1922*
C A H O M o i m M D relate ; Pigmeets 5 pp. 128-130 ®
Chemical Catalog Company5 New York*
f1
‘
ii
1
■
'
■
<
'i
■
•/
.
-T
2lie Robinson3 C® S»3 and Huffman5 G» Fe 1926»
:''
■ STUDIES GE. THE CHEtTCAL COMPOSITION OF BEEF BLOQDo I0 THE
CONCENTRATION OF CERTAIN CONSTITUENTS IN NORMAL BEEF’-PLASMA
J.: Biol. Chem0 6? s21^255#
1
'
>
'■
I
■ ■_
1
' 1■
iS
r
1
-
’ Z
'* 1 i
25o Ragadale5 A0 G0 193i|®
' i “i->' GROWTH STANDARDS FOR DAIRY CATTLE,
, Mo0■-Agr9 Expt, •iSta6 ’Bull® 336. ■■^ .
. I ''
;
r
;
26o Sales5,Jo Me5 and Creer5;P1
0 J0.19I1.8 ®
V;
" iMUSTA#'8EED.WR.5W#aT%
1939.
,
.Mbnt»: Federal 1Agri0-;Statistical; Service Btill0
27«
I
i
■V
.
Swingle* K6 "Fe':--■ : • V- : -'I
Unpublished Data8
''
4
/'
•
.
,
.
'
t
28.
Teeri5 A0 I65:-IeeneA5-H. •A,> and Morrow3 I, S» 19^6«
STUHEES.'ON-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF' CALF BLOOD,
U< Dy6 Sci^5 663^ 667 *
'■
■"
29*
Tretsven5, J0 Oo5:.-and Nelson5 J« A8 19ROe '
Montana Agricultural Expt. Sta0 Bull. ■ii35»
30*
Tunnicliff3 E. A6 19h9« ■
Unpublished Data*
31*
Thurber5 D. Po Personal contact
MontanaATegetabie .Oil and- Seed Co*
32»
Wadaran5 Kennedy* Anderson3 Bechdel and Shigley, 1939.
STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION OF BOVINE BLOOD AS INFLUENCED BY
Gestatiqn 5 lactation a n d a g e .
J. By, Sc!., 25l-26Q5 1939*
-
-61
A P P E N D I X
Page
TABLES I AND II
.........
TABLES III AND IV
TABLES V AND VI
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLES H
TABLES H U
• •
............................... .
TABLES VII AND VIII
TABLES IX AND X
.......
AND H I
...........
..............
AND XIV
2
3
................. .................... •
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
U
5
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
TABLES XV AND X V I ............. . • . .....................
8
TABLES XVII AND XVIII
9
........................ ........... .
TABLES XIX AND X X ........................ ............. . • 10
TABLES m
AND XXII
..•••
.........
......
.........
LL
TABLES XXIII AND X X I V ..............
12
TABLES XXV AND X X V I ........
13
TABLES XXVII AND X X V I I I ..........
Ill
TABLES XXIX AND XXX
........... . . . . . . . . .
1$
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
.......
TABLES XXXI AND XXXII
TABLES XXXIII AND XXXIV
TABLES XXXV AND XXXVI
17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
TABLE I
GROUP I
LOT I
CAIf No. 13k
Days
Bom:
Initial 10
Wt* at end of period, lbs.
376
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
288
Wt. gain, lbs.
392
7-1U-U7
Holstein Heifer#
20
30
UO
£0
60
70
80
UOU
UlU
U30
UU7
UU6
U56
U80
UOl
3U5
O
U82
100
HO
120
130
IliO 150 160
170
5oo
520
533
533
558
610
501
U53
565
578
5U5
Total
Ave .
Daily
572
16
12
10
16
17
-I
10
2U
2
18
20
13
0
25
7
13
32
23U
1.376
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
3U
35
35
33
26
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
513
3.017
Hay intake, lbs.
51
5o
67- 67
73
76
86
83
83
81
78
HU
97
95
115
150
165
1,531
9.005
Ca., mg./100 ml, blood pi.
Inore P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
13.3
8.7
6.0
7.5
Carotene, ug./lOO ml, blood pi,
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Age:
TABLE II
GROUP I
LOT I
CALF No. 136
U months, 25 days
Born:
8-20-U7
Holstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
UO
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
IUO
150
160
170
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
27k
297
320
333
3U6
376
370
385
Uoi
U22
U17
U55
U76
U85
506
508
5U3
559
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
22it
Wt. gain, lbs.
277
390
333
U92
UU3
Tot al
Ave .
Daily
509
23
23
13
13
30
-6
15
16
21
-5
38
21
9
21
2
35
16
285
1.676
Grain intake, lbs.
22
30
3U
35
35
35
28
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
509
3.000
Hay intake, lbs.
51
50
67
67
73
76
86
83
83
81
78
IlU
97
95
115
150
13U
1,500
8.823
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./LOO ml. blood pi.
0
1U.6
8.5
U.8
7.5
•
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml* blood pi.
Note*
Aga:
3 months,
19
days
-
Dayrs
2-
Initial
IO
20
30
i|0
£0
60
70
dO
90
100
no
120
v’t. at end of period, lbs.
276
230
295
302
315
332
339
3W»
363
369
368
387
koh hl6 Ub2 Ubb U66 U75
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
211
Wt. gain, lbs.
296
25U
0
33U
130
lbo l5o
160
bOO
369
I/O
Total
Ave.
Daily
bb5
U
15
7
13
17
7
5
19
6
-I
19
17
12
26
2
22
U
199
1.170
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
3h
35
32
28
22
20
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
b91
2.888
Hay intake, lbs.
51
50
67
67
73
76
86
83
83
81
78
Ilh
97
95
115
150
13b
1,500
8.823
Plasma Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
12.1
9.7
6.3
7.9
Inor. P*, mg,/100 ml. blood pi.
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
otex
TABLE IV
Agei
GROUP I
LOT II
CALF No. 135
Dsys
5 months, 8 days
Bomt
8-ll-b7
Initial
10
20
30
Jersey heifer*
.
„
bO _ 50
60
70
80
216
231
235
2b5
253
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
Wt. gain, lbs.
275
196
0
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs*
Plasma Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
— -----------
292
100
HO
120
130
IbO
150
160
170
30b
31b
322
338
3bb
36b
37b
381
393
283
321
358
Total
Ave.
Daily
380
15
b
10
8
22
-6
13
10
12
10
8
16
6
20
10
7
12
177
I.Obl
20
20
29
30
30
35
21
25
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
b70
2.765
55
66
55
6l
71
7b
8b
77
100
76
88
108
97
93
115
150
13b
1,50b
8.8b7
12.1
9.5
5.1i
7.8
ifit, /, ug./lOO ml* blood pi.
"
282
2b0
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
269
90
Agei
3 months,
2d da y s
TABLE V
GROUP I
LOT II
CALF No. 132
Days
B o m 7-2-U7
Initial
10
Wt• at end of period, lbs*
35U
372
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
351
Wt. gain, lbs.
O
392
Holstein Male*
30
ItO
397
4io
442
412
60
70
80
450
467
470
470
r.r. nC:—
492
511
531
557
570
600
576
525
617
639
635
—
673
677
18
20
5
13
32
8
17
3
22
19
20
26
13
30
17
22
34
319
1.876
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
34
35
35
27
28
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
509
2.994
Hay intake, lbs.
55
66
55
61
71
74
84
77
100
76
88
108
97
93
115
150
134
1,504
8.847
Ca., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
llt.6
8.7
6.3
7.8
Inor. p., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
,
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
TABLE VI
Agei
GROUP I
LOT II
CALF No. 133
Days
5 months., 7 days
Born;
7-2-47
Holstein Male*
Initial
10
20
30
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
33lt
363
375
391 4oo
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
351
Wt. gain, lbs.
40
?0
60
430 428
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
140
150
160
170
444
467
484
510
531
556
573
597
617
641
672
470
412
576
525
635
-------- - m r
Total Daily
677
29
12
16
9
30
-2
16
23
17
16
21
25
17
24
20
24
31
338
1.988
Grain Intake, lbs.
30
30
34
35
35
30
26
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
510
3.000
Hay intake, lbs.
55
66
55
6l
71
74
84
77
100
76
88
108
97
93
115
150
134
1,504
8.847
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
13.3
10.9
5.8
7.5
Inor. P., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
O
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vlt. t, Ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
inntil#„ 7 Hatra
TABLE; VII
GROUP II
LOT III
CALF No. 91
Dags
Bom:
7-lW*6
EIolstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
UO
50
't. at end of period, lbs.
839
881
901
861
911
961 912 950
Ragsdale's standard irt., lbs.
805
%t. gain, lbs.
Inor, P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
80
90
100
HO
120
9U3 957
98U 985 1000
906
9U5
130
lUO
35O
l60
170
Total
Ave,
Dally
987 1012 1029 1061 1068
980
1005
U2
20 -JjO
50
50 -U9
38
-7
IU
27
I
15
-13
25
17
32
7
229
1.3U7
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
15U 156 116 120 1U7 155 190 IUU 180
130
127 160
183
222
210
202
207
Grain intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
70
873
839
O
Hqr intake, lbs.
60
30
30
2,803 16.U88
12.1
8.3
b.2
5.5
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
•
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
TABLE VIII
Ages
QHQPP H
LOT III
Dags
CALF Ho. 97
Initial
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
BlU
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
751
Wt. gain, lbs.
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs.
Ca,, mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor, P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi,
16 months, 2J? days
Born;
9-5-46 Holstein Heifer*
10
20
30
825
850
8U0 877
Uo
50
60
70
880
890
879 90U 918
81U
8U9
786
H
10
25 —
37
3
30
30
30
30
156
162
30
176 175
90
100
HO
939
960 966 965
120 130 3U0 150
982
883
160
170
Total
977 1011 1008
93U
917
25
IU
21
21
6
-I
17
-5
3U
-3
19U 1.1U1
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
2lU 178
210
200 172
200
211
237
30
2UU 268 251
9.7
U.O
5.5
A g e j 15 months,
U
days
3.053
3,U17 20.100
12.1
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
1 Ave.
Daily
10 -11
17U 139
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi,
Note*
80
TABLE IX
GROUP II
L O T III
C A L F No.
IOlj
Bornt
11-19-1*6
H o l s t e i n H e i f e r * ___________________________________________________________________ _________
Ave .
Initial
10
20
30
kO
£0
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
3ko 150
160
170
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
7h2
767
789
79k
797
803
76k
815
802
832
8k2
8kl
87k
860
899
910
937
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
658
Days
Wt. gain, lbs.
22
5
3
6
-39
51
-13
30
12
-I
33
-Ik
39
5
6
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
36
36
120
IWi
120
Ilk 12k
121
131
120
103
105
126
111
132
16k
151
158
Grain intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Daily
195
l.lk7
531
3.123
856
833
25
0
Hay intake, lbs.
800
770
732
69k
90k
Total
27
30
2,198 12.929
15k
12.1
9.7
5»1
6.1
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi*
Note*
TABLE x
~ ”
GROUP H
LOT III
Agei
CALF No. 106
Days
12 months, 2 0 d g y s
Bomt
11-29-^6 Holstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
kO
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
HO
IkO
150
160
170
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
737
757
777
755
792
788
800
830
826
8k9
878
899
89k
882
921
930
9k9
950
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
6k5
Wt. gain, lbs*
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hqr intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P,, mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
682
718
821
791
Ave.
Daily
8k5
20
20 -22
37
k
12
30
-k
23
29
21
-5
-12
39
9
19
I
213
1.253
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
lk6
157
13k
117
lk3
116 151
128
133
106
160
169
168
198
175
IkO 165
12.1
11.9
IuO
6.3
Carotene, ug./lOO ml, blood pi,
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
758
Total
Age:
12 months,
1 0 day s
2,506 lk.7kl
T A B L E XI
GROUP
II
LOT
III
C/'LF N o .
93
Bornt
?-jl-a6
J e r s e y H e i f e r * _______________________________________________________________________________
Ave .
Days
Initial
10
20
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
583
610
620 628 652 656 63k
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
56U
Wt. gain, lbs.
Inor. P., mg,/100 ml. blood pi.
50
60
10
8
22
30
30
30
30
30
30
15k 122 103
107
112
108
U -31
100 n o
70
80
90
667
672
679 692
606
27
Grain intake, lbs.
Ga., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
kO
586
0
Hay intake, lbs.
30
120 1?0
680 697
IkO 150 160 170
69k 700
6k3
627
715
726
670
Daily
733
683
33
5
7
13
-12
17
-3
6
15
11
7
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
162 161
lk2
160
191 173
217
218
215
130 108
Total
150 0.882
519
3.053
2,583 15.19k
13.3
9.5
5.1
5.8
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi*
Note*
TABLE H I
Agej
GROUP II
LOT III
CALF No. 102
16 months, 8 days
Bomt
11-14-1*6
Jersey Heifer*________________________________________________________
Ave .
________________
Initial 10
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
5k3
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
k7k
Wt. gain, lbs.
30
IiQ
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
IhO
350
l60
170
587
571
600
589
602
617
628
632
6k3
632
662
660
665
667
695
705
526
502
576
553
Total
Daily
612
598
2k
20 -16
29
-U
13
15
11
k
11
-9
30
-2
5
2
28
10
162
0.953
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
Hay intar e, lbs.
96
92
10k
92
103
105
113
99
93
105
92
117
126
lk6
162
169
158
Ca., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg.A O O ml, blood pi,
0
567
20
llt.6
8.0
L.5
5.8
Carotene, ug.AOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml, blood pi.
Note*
1,982 11.658
A g e s 12 months,
25 d a y s
Days
Initial 10
V9t. at end of period, lbs.
h92
Ragsdale*s standard wt., lbs.
Ul6
Wt. gain, lbs.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
UO
50
^6
60
70
80
90
100 n o
Ave.
120 1,30 IUO 150 160 170 Total Daily
U75
503
527
570
55U
3
35
I
IU
18 -19
12
11
25
16
-i
11
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30 36
IOli
66
76
77
95
90
71
6U
97
9U
78 111 157 152 156 159 1U7 1,79U 10.553
Grain intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
30
U95 530 531 5U5 563 5UU 556 567 592 608 607 618 609 633 633 656 668
0
Hay intake, lbs.
20
-9
2U
0
23
13
176 1.035
33
30
30
30
519 3.053
13.3
10.9
U.3
U.5
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
Age: 10 months, 26 days
TABLE XIV GROUP II LOT i n
CALF No. 12li
Days
Initial 10
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
337
Ragsdale*s standard wt., lbs.
319
Wt. gain, lbs.
20
L-lW i7
30
Uo
Jersey Heifer*
50
60
355
10
16
15 -13
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
30
30
30
Hay intake, lbs.
7k
76
89 100 103
Note*
A,
90
100 n o
120 130 TllO 150 160 170 Total
Ul6
UU6
U80
Ave.
Daily
U9U
U
33
16
18 -10
38
2
28
0
IU
17
216 1.270
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519 3.053
53
92
80 109
8U
56 IOU 119 172 132 1U7 126 1,716 10.09U
12.1
9 .2
5.2
5.2
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit.
80
389
30
Inor. P., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
70
335 365 375 391 U06 393 397 U30 UU6 U6U U5U U92 U9U 522 522 536 553
-2
Ca., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
0
Bom:
ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
A g e : 7 months,
2 6 days
-3-
Days
Initial
10
20
30
1*0
50
60
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
889
905
923
928
961
951
983 1000 1005 1030 1033 10l*7 1059 1086 1102 1101 1095 1103
Ragsdale's standard wt., Ibs6
766
Wt6 gain, Ibs6
0
Grain intake, lbs*
Hay intake, Ibs6
802
90
100
HO
869
835
120
130
11*0 150
160
91*1
903
Total
170
Ave.
Daily
966
18
5
33
-10
32
17
5
25
3
11*
12
27
16
—I
—6
8
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
11*3 157
186
167
202
163
191* 168
166
181
201* 257
230
198
211* 1.258
519
3.053
21*1* 3,165 18.617
12.1
8.0
5.2
5.7
Inor6 P*, mg./100 ml. blood pi.
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi*
80
16
150 155
Ca*, mg./100 ml* blood pi.
70
•
$
Vit6 /, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note#
TABLE XVI
Age:
GROUP II
LOT IV
Days
C alf No . 98
Born:
Initial 10
20
30
1*0
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
875
885
915
915
912
930
951
965
982
995 1018 101*2 1062 1051 1080 1097
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
81*7
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
751
Wt. gain, lbs.
0
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
15 months, 22 days
870
Holstein Heifer#
786
811*
81*9
120
HO
11*0 150 160
883
917
170
Total
eve.
Daily
91*1*
23
5
10
30
0
-3
18
21
11*
17
13
23
21*
20
-11
29
17
250
1.1*70
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
136
131
137
11*3 175
159
166
159
220
237
222
233
131* 160
11*8 170
21*3 2,973 17.1*88
ll*.6
9.0
lt.8
5.7
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note#
9-5-l*6
I5 T
-9'
TABLE XVII
G R O U P II
LOT IV
Days
C A L F No.
108
Bomt
1-2-47
H o l s t e i n H e i f e r * ________________________________________________________________ _______
Ave .
Initial
10
20
30
itO
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
IitO 150
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
7ltS
7U2
795
796
815
822
809
800
836
851
876
87lt 900
915
950
Hagsdale1S standard wt., lbs.
602
Wt. gain, lbs.
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hgy intake, lbs.
6ltl
1vX •
-3
53
I
19
30
30
30
30
152
118
127
7 -13
75it
715
679
160
170
9it3 956
902
783
806
Total
Daily
-9
36
15
25
-2
26
15
35
-7
13
-5U
157
0.923
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
IitO 153
Ut3
151
169
215
193
188
219
2,627
15.U52
Total
Ave .
Daily
30
30
30
30
Ilt8 158
87
137
129
Ca., mg./100 ml. blood pi.
lit.6
8*0
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
it.8
6.6
Carotene, ug,/100 ml. blood pi,
Vit. A, ug./100 ml. blood pi.
Note*
TABLE XVIII
"
GROUP n
LOT IV
Days
Ages
11 months, 7 days
CALF No. 116
Bomx
2-17-it7
Holstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
ItO
50
60
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
596
615
630
6Wt
651
6l5
6lt5 665
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
51tO
Wt, gain, lbs.
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inore P,, mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
582
19
15
lit
30
30
30
120
123
no
80
90
100
HO
120
130
IitO 150
160
170
683
69it 718
737
758
782
792
821
832
661
622
7 -36
696
802
760
735
30
20
18
H
2it
19
21
2it
10
10
19
H
236
1.388
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
IOit Hit
127
133
Ut2
IitO 15it 153
1U7
lit5 2,115
12.ititl
30
30
30
30
107
H8
75
103
13,3
10.it
it.6
6,1
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
70
Aget
9 months,
22 da y s
■10-
TABLE XIX
GROUP II
LOT IV
Days
CALF No. 125
Initial
Wt, at end of period, lbs.
U81
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
1*29
Wt. gain, lbs.
0
Borm
10 . 20
507
30
51*8 552
1*7
Grain Intake, lbs.
30
30
30
Hay Intake, lbs.
71*
77
126
Inor* P., mg,/100 ml. blood pi.
1*0
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
573
568
580
600
618
633
663
673
681* 706
1*79
26
Cs., mg,/100 ml* blood pi.
IHolstein Heifer*
h-2i-l*7
525
567
130
IliO 150
160
170
722
770
781
753
71*6
607
Total
Ave ,
Daily
671
21
-5
12
20
18
15
30
10
H
22
16
31
17
H
300
1.770
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
131 127
106
123
90
123
126
123
136
11*3 185
198
183
198
I*
2,269 13.31*7
12.1
9.7
5.2
6.1*
Carotene, ug,/l00 ml, blood pi.
Vi t. A, u.g,/100 ml. blood pi.
Note*
TABLE XX
Agei
GROUP II
CALF IV
Dbj-s
days
CALF No. 91*
Borm
Initial 10
20
30
1*0
5o
60
70
666
666
680
677
673
681* 715
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
628
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
557
Wt, gain, lbs.
7 months, U
Jersey Heifer*
579
80
600
90
100
HO
722
726
731* 71*7 762
120
130
11*0 150
160
170
772
783
778
61*1
621
772
661*
Total
Ave.
Daily
677
16
22
0
11*
-3
-I*
11
31
5
I*
8
13
15
10
0
11
-5
i5o
0.882
Grain Intake, lbs.
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
Hay Intake, lbs.
96
120
119
93
113
115
129
138
11*0 11*6 156
160
183
209
210
208
226
Ca,, mg,/l00 ml, blood pi,
Inor, P,, rag./LOO ml, blood pi.
0
6hh
8-10-1*6
12*1
8.0
j#,8
6.3
Carotene, ug./100 ml. blood pi.
Vit. /, ug./100 ml. blood ol.
Note*
Agel
I^ months,
29 d a y s
2,561 15.065
TABLE X H
GROUP
U
LOT IV
Daya
C A L F No. 1 1 2
Initial
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
U Sh
Ragsdale's standard wt*, lbs.
W.7
Wt. gain, Iba.
O
10
Bom:
20
1-12-U7
30
Uo
Jersey Heifer*
lit
80
90
532 535
U66
UU7
100
HO
550 558
50U
120 330 iUO 1^0 160
593
600 599
528
556
570
10
12
-U
19
15
3
15
8
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
106 116
102
133
120
103
136
30
30
30
30
Hay intake, lbs.
96
99
92
72
117
6 •«lU
Ave.
Total Daily
170
56U 550 597
16
30
Inor, P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
70
I468 U6U uao U90 502 U93 517
Grain intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
60
50
U7
-U
7
-I
1U5 0.853
33
30
30
30
519
152 171
176
178
175
36
3.053
2,lUU 12,611
12.1
7.8
5.2
6.3
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
Agei
10 months, 27 days
\
TABLE XXII
GROUP II
LOT IV
Days
CALF No . 118
3“204t7
Jersey Heifer*
Ave.
Initial
Wt, at end of period, lbs.
U06
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
3U7
Wt, gain, lbs.
Borni
10
20
30
Uo
50
60
70
80
90
Uoo U33 UU2 U5i U65 U77 U59 U89 502
381
100 H O
120
130 IUO 150
518
523
550 566
518
U6C
U39
UlO
160
170
575 580
595
U97
51U
Total
-6
38
U
9
IU
12 -18
30
13
16
0
5
27
16
9
5
15
189
IJH
Grain intake, lbs.
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
36
33
30
30
30
519
3.053
Hay intake, lbs.
9U
88
76
7U 107
69
116
77
3U 105
96 121 137
159
139
138
151
0
Ca., mg./lOO iaL. blood pi.
13*3
9.7
Inor. P., mg,/100 ml, blood pi.
1*.3
6.7
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi,
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
Aget
3 months,
19 days
1,831 10.770
TABLE XXIII
G R O U P III
LOT V
Days
CAL F No.
170
Initial 10
Wte at end of period, lbs*
252
Ragsdale's standard wt,, lbs.
228
Xt, gain, lbs.
276
Bom:
$-20-48
Jersey Haifsr*
20
30
UO
$0
278
313
319
330
272
0
336
3it6 36k
380
385
lt05 ItHt U23
3U8
311
It29
332
2
35
6
11
6
10
18
16
5
20
9
9
6
ItfO k$9
it65
Itll
k30
Itl - H
6
213
1.253
Grain intake, lbs.
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
22
22
22
2lt
28
23
30
30
30
397
2.335
Kay intake, lbs.
81
73
Bit
9lt
9lt
87
91
87
86
93
100
95
105
102
117
106
Hit
:1,609
9.465
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor, P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
10.0
9.6
6.5
5.2
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
7k
385
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
23
2it
Note*
TABLE X H V
Age:
GROUP III
LOT V
Days
CALF No,, 175
Initial
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
225
Ragsdale'a standard wt., lbs.
177
Wt, gain, lbs.
0
10
5 months;, 20 days
Born:
20
6-26-ltd
30
ItO
Jersey Heifer*
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
2hk 2itlt 276 285 291 305 312 328 3U5 356 373 37lt 387
219
263
30lt
UtO
150
160
IfO
3ltl
19 . 0
32
9
6
Ht
7
16
17
U
22
-It
13
7
35
-5
-9
190
3!tlt 2.023
16
17
18
16
20
20
17
18
18
20
22
2lt
20
26
26
26
Hay intake, lbs.
81
73
Bit
9lt
9k
87
91
87
36
93
100
95
105
102
117
106
Hit
1,609
10.lt
10.0
6.U
lt.lt
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
78
315
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
23
17
Note*
1.118
397
375
20
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Ave.
Daily
39lt lt29 i»2it las
Grain intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
-Fetal
"'Age':
U months,
l U days
9.465
-13table xxv
group
in
lot v
Dap
Born:
CALF No. 171
6-9-10
Holstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
Wt* at end of period, lbs.
35U
366
375
1*07 1*01* 1*21* 1*1*6 1*60
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
299
Wt. gain, lbs.
O
1*0
50
60
70
80
90
100
no
120
130
11*0
150
160
170
1*91
1*98
5oo
516
528
537
561
599
602
607
1*61*
1*12
357
5 io
'Fotal
Ave .
Daily
581
553
12
9
32
-3
20
22
U*
31
7
2
16
12
9
21*
38
3
5
253
1.1*38
Grain intake, lbs.
20
20
20
20
20
21*
21*
21*
21*
21*
21*
26
30
30
30
30
30
1*20
2.1*70
Hay intake, lbs*
81
73
81*
91*
91*
87
91
87
86
93
100
95
105
102
106
n l*
1 ,6 0 9
9.1*65
'Fotal
Daily
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi*
Inor« P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
m
1 0 .0
9.1*
8 .1
6.1*
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi*
1*0
270
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
23
18
Note*
TABLE XXVI
Agei
GROUP III
LOT VI
5 months , Iday
CALF No. 17:3
Boms
6-22-1*8
Holstein Heifer*
Ave .
Days
Initial
Wt, at end of period, lbs.
32ii
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
275
Wt. gain, lbs.
10
20
30
1*0
50
60
70
80
90
100
no
120
130
no
150
160
170
31*9
350
381*
396
1*15
1*27
1*50
1*63
1*73
1*91*
507
516
539
51*6
581
583
607
388
331
1*90
1*1*1
563
535
25
I
31*
12
19
12
23
13
10
21
13
9
23
7
35
2
21*
283
1 .6 6 $
Grain intake, lbs.
20
20
20
20
20
21*
20
21*
21*
21*
21*
26
30
30
30
30
30
1*16
2.14*7
Hay intake, lbs.
75
79
80
91
89
86
93
81*
81
88
91
88
103
102
n3
103
108
1,551*
9.H *1
Ca., mg./LOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
O
1 0 .2
9 .6
6 .2
5 .6
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
31
260
Vit, A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
15
21
Note*
Agei
H months,
13” days'
table
XXVII
GROUP
in
LOT Vl
Bays
C
lf
Initial
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
272
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
227
Wt. gain, lbs.
169
No.
Born:
g-ll-gS
Jersey Heifer*
10
20
30
ao
50
60
70
80
90
100
HO
120
130
IkO
150
160
170
287
290
312
322
333
3U2
350
372
371
383
389
39k
klO
kl6
k37
k5l
kk6
28U
392
359
323
kl9
Total
Ave•
Daily
k39
15
3
22
10
11
9
8
22
-I
12
6
5
16
6
21
Ik
-5
17k
1.023
Grain intake, lbs*
20
20
20
20
20
20
2h
22
22
22
22
2k
28
28
30
30
30
k02
2.353
Hay intake, lbs.
75
79
80
91
89
86
93
8U
81
88
91
88
103
102
113
103
108
1,55k
9.Ikl
Total
Ave•
Daily
O
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
10.5
9*2
Inor* P., mg./lOO ml* blood pi.
6.1
5*3
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
170
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi*
31
Note*
r
TABLE XXYIII
GROUP III
LOT VI
Dajrs
19
Age* 5 months, 29 days
GAIf No* 172
Initial
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
2k7
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
193
Wt. gain, lbs.
550 "
0
Born:
6- I W 18
Jersey Heifer*
10
20
30
kO
50
60
70
80
90
100
no
120
130
IiiO 150
160
170
25k
262
28k
295
306
318
332
358
358
361
37k
383
391
k06
k38
kk3
272
237
319
355
k35
k07
389
7
8
22
11
11
12
Ik
26
0
3
13
9
8
15
29
3
5
196
1.153
Grain intake, lbs.
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
18
18
20
22
26
2k
26
26
26
365
2.1k7
Hay intake, lbs.
75
79
80
91
89
86
93
8k
81
88
91
88
103
102
113
103
108
1,55k
9.Ikl
Ca., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
9 .O
9.6
7.2
6.5
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
7U
385
Vit, A, u^lOO ml. blood pi.
29
23
Note*
~
Age:
L months,
2 6 da y s
-Ip-
XHI
TABLE ini
GROUP IV
GROUP
LOT VII
Days
CALP No. 152
Bomi
1-17-48
Jersey Heifor*
Initial
10
20
30
Uo
50
60
70
Wte at end of period, lbs*
li3U
U59
U56
MO
U75
U90
U31
506 512
Ragsdale1S standard wt*, lbs*
385
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs.
Ca., mg./lOO ml* blood pi.
Inor. P., mg,/100 ml* blood pi.
Carotene, ug,/100 ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml, blood pi.
LOT VII
Days
170
519
536
5U8
529
562
550
561
579
587
5oo
Ave ,
Daily
n
18
8
153
0.900
28
29
30
30
U75
2.79U
131
nu
128
129
27
6
7
17
12
-19
33
-12
30
30
30
30
27
26
31
26
26
2U
2U
26
28
105 102
96
95
103
120
132
113
98
103
113
123
no
Total
5U2
52U
-9
1,915 U.265
9.2
6.5
5.U
170
U90
21
2U
CALF No. Iii6
9 months
Borni
23 days
11-10-U7
Wt, at end of period, lbs.
5U0
562
580
609
607
Ragsdale's standard wt,, lbs.
Uk2
0
Grain intake, lbs.
Hgy intake, lbs.
liote*
160
15
UO
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml, blood pi.
150
-5
30
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
IUO
2U
20
Inor. P., mg.,/100 ml. blood pi.
130
-3
10
Ca., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
120
U72
UU3
Initial
Wt. gain, lbs.
no
25
Agei
GROUP IV
100
10,2
Note*
TABLE XXX
90
I
Wt* gain, Ibse
UlU
80
60
63U
U71
90
100
no
120
130
1 U0
i5o
160
170
600 653 626
67U
651
696
671
710 691
695
7lU
721
U99
52U
70
80
550
Total
Ave.
Daily
538
57U
22
18
29
-2
27
-3U
53
-27
U8
-23
U5
-25
39
-19
U
19
7
181
1.065
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
511
3.005
120
118
135
136
1U5
139
116 136 105
120
1U3
IUU
IUO
101
11.3
162 1U9
150 '2,259 13.288
9.1
6.0
3,3 '
770
580
36
22
Agei
11 months,
22 d a y s
N
—
TABLE XXXI
GROUP IV
IDT VII
Days
l>-?6~43
Holstein Heifer#
ItO
60
Initial
10
PO
30
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
36?
391
396
Jt23 Jt23 ltlt2 ItltS U70
Ragsdaleig standard wt., Ibr,
331
Wt-e gain, lbs.
O
50
Ult
70
30
90
Jt86 5io
ItSlt
100
no
526 538
529
120
130
5it5 563
IliO 150
160
170
563
616
619
591
611
571
Tota
/Vti,
Ltiily
637
22
5
27
0
19
6
22
16
2lt
16
12
7
18
0
28
25
3
Grain intake, lbs.
20
20
2lt
2lt
2it
2lt
26
2lt
2lt
26
26
26
28
28
30
30
30
lt3lt 2.553
Hay intake, lbs.
91
95
13lt 109
UtO
153
162
Ht5
132
121
Ht7
121
Ut3
lit3 139
Ut5
132
2,252 13.235
C<%, mg./100 ml. blood pi.
Inor, p ., mg./loo ml. blood p i.
32.3
5.3
6.U
5.7
Carotene, ug./lOO m3., blood pi.
ItO
2it0
Vit. /, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
27
23
Note#
TABLE XXXII
LOT VII
Days
CldF No. 159
Borns
3-1-48
Holstein Heifer*
Initial
10
20
30
ItO
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
565
585
605
632
61t3 651t 665
Ragsdale‘s standard wt., lbs.
176
522
56!t
Wt. gain, lbs.
Grain intake, lbs.
50
60
—
70
80
90
100
no
130
UiO
150
160
170
656
707
736
732
7Jt5 75Jt 766
788
785
802
815
IPO
614
605
681
Total
Ave.
Daily
70Jt
•0
17
20
27
11
11
11
-9
51
29
-Jt
13
9
12
22
-3
17
13
2Jt7 1453
•
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
511
3.006
127
113
156
120
175
169
171
161
130
136
171
163
ISJt 18Jt 175
173
161
2 ,67k
15.ua
Hay intake, lbs.
Ca., mg,/200 ml. blood pi.
9.8
9.7
Inor. p., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
6.5
5.5
Carotene, ug./lOO ml, blood pi.
Jtlt
3JtO
Vit, A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
23
21
Note#
1470
6 months , lit days
Ages
GROUP IV
250
A c s * 3 months, 9 days
-17-
II
ne.L.i.e!i-a*
tie
t
Ave .
Dajrs
Initial
10
20
30
40
5o
60
70
80
’•'t. at end of period, lbs.
U56
465
466
493
493
5n
502
495
530 537
Ragsdale's standard w t . , lbs.
370
%t. gain, lbs.
Hagr intalce, lbs.
Ca., mg./loo ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Carotene, u^./lOO ml. blood pi.
A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
LOT VIII
Days
544 571
552
581
584
577
459
487
514
529
8
7
-8
27
-19
29
3
-7
121
0.712
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
26
26
26
26
26
28
28
30
30
30
487
2.865
121
123
107
134
129
126
106
109
139
124
140
115
145
148
136
158
137
2,197 13.941
9.0
6.0
4.4
173
520
21
17
CAIf
No.
9 months., 9 days
162
Boms
4-6-48
360
362
393
394 405
Ragsdale's standard wt., lbs.
291
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Hay intake, lbs.
Note*
552
7
335
ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
545
Total
35
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
a,
170
-7
40
Vit.
160
-9
30
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
150
18
20
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
140
0
10
Ca., mg./lOO ml, blood pi.
130
27
Initial
Wt. gain, lbs.
120
I
Age:
GROUP IV
no
10.4
Note*
T/'BLS XXXTV
429
100
9
O
Grain intake, lbs.
Vit.
401
90
?0
329
Jersey Heifer*
60
70
30
90
100
no
120
no
140
150
160
170
402
422
438
432
451
442
461
467
460
476
490
495
364
397
25
2
31
I
11
-3
20
16
20
20
20
20
24
24
26
24
123
91
73
89
106
116
112
111
-6
24
108
424
five.
Dflily
431
454
19
-9
19
6
-7
16
14
5
160
0.941
24
24
26
28
28
30
30
30
422
2.482
112
123
111
117
129
123
132
127
:
1,903 11.194
10.0
9.5
7.0
4.3
132
610
28
23
TTS
Total
"18-•
TABLE XXXV
RQUP IV
LOTVin
C/LF No. l60
3orm
>9-^8
Hdbtein Heifer*
/re •
D^rs
Initial
10
20
30
1*0
Wt. at end of period, Iba.
501
525
533
565
575 587
Ragsdale’s standard wt,, lbs.
m
50
510
Wt, gain, lbs.
0
60
70
80
595
623
61*0 655
553
90
100
no
120 130 U o
661* 676 691 709
591*
703
633
150
160 170
721
71*1 750
672
695
2k
8
32
10
12
8
28
17
15
9
12
15
18
-6
18
20
9
Grain intake, lbs.
20
30
30
30
30
30
31
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Hay intake, Iba.
88
126
139
11*9 170 151 179
159
106 132
ll*8
133 135
U2
U5
152
U5
Co., mg./100 ml, blood pi.
Inor, P., m -./100 ml. blood pi.
5.1*
Vit. A, ag./100 ml. blood pi.
21
23
t
TfBLi-; XXXVI
e
*
GROUP IV
A
g
e
LOT VIII
Days
:
8 months, I day
CALF No. Ui7
Bom:
10
20
30
Wt. at end of period, lbs.
599
603
629
Ragsdi e's standard wt., Ibc.
587
0
Grain intake, Ibe.
Hay intake, Ibe.
Ca., niv./100 ml. blood pi.
Inor. P., mg./lOO ml. blood pi.
Carotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Vit. A, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
Note*
Holstein Heifer*
1 2 -lk -b 7
Ave .
Initial
Wt. gain, lbs.
1.770
2,399 U . l l l
6.3
300
o
501
9.1*
70
Daily
21*9 1*1*65
10.0
C. rotene, ug./lOO ml. blood pi.
N
Total
1*0
50
60
70
80
661* 671 677
695
710
730 71*7 71*3 770
627
666
90
100 110 120 130 11*0 150 160 170 Total Daily
700
771
781
800
71*0
8101 816
829
777
796
9
21
35
7
6
18
15
20
17
-I*
27
I
10
19
10
6
13
230
1.353
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
511
3.005
11*1* 151* 165
187
179
171* 179
158
185
191
173
167
163
150 153
155 158
2,835 16.676
10.6
9 .2
5.9
I*.!*
1*25
330
33
21*
A e : 10 months, 20 days
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
CO
*2.
ig. Wei-yip.______________ —
Ifhe feeding of mustard oil meal
concentrate mixture to dairy
ns78
H86f
cop.2.
Weeeew,
92605
IOCM 4523
CM
CVJ
CO
Ill IIII Il111I