Effect of composition on recovery in the azeo-tropic system methly cyclohexane-toluene-n-propyl
alcohol
by James Daly
A THESIS Submitted to the Graduate Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering
Montana State University
© Copyright by James Daly (1948)
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to show the effect upon recovery both in quantity and purity, of varying
percentage composition of charge in the separation of a binary mixture by means of azectropic
distillation The binary methylcyclohexane-toluene with n-propyl alchohol as the entrainer was chosen
as the system to use in making this study.
Non-azeotropic distillations were made upon the system in order to obtain data with which to compare
the results obtained by azeotropic means.
The distillations were carried out using a labor-atory rectification column that calibrated 32 theoretical
plates.
The following conclusions may be drawn from data ob-tained: 1. Azeotropic distillation is superior to
non-azeotropic distillation in the percentage recovery of a given purity of both the components of the
binary.
2. In azeotropic distillation? the recovery of the least volatile component in the charge is indepen-dent
of its relative quantity in the charge. In non-azeotropic distillation the recovery of the least vola-tile
component in the charge is dependent on its rela-tive quantity in the charge.
3. The recovery of the most volatile component is dependent upon the amount of that component
charged both in azeotropic and non-azeotropic distillation. The greater its proportion In the charge the
greater will he the recovery of a given purity.
4. The purity obtainable in azeotropic distillation of the most volatile component is higher than in
non-azeo-tropic distillation. 0 # m
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I'ABIE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract........
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v
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15
III Sample Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
IV Results. . . . . . . . .
18
......................
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
3
II Equipment, Methods, and Compounds
A. Equipment. . . . . . . . .
B. Methods. ............... .
C. Compounds.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
••
20
. . . . . . . .
21
VII Literature Cited and Consulted. . . . . . . . . . . .
22
VIII
I
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4
VI Acknowledgment . . . . . . .
4
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V
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ND-<1-0
I Introduction. .
.
A p p e n d i x ................
. . ...........• • • •
23
Table I - Charge Compositions, Reflux Ratios and
Recoveries for Azeotropic Runs n-Propyl Alcohol
as Entrainer.
........ .. .......... 24
Table II - Charge Compositions, Reflux Ratios and
Recoveries for Non-Azeotropic Runs............ .. . 26
Figure I - Azeotropic Distillation Curves for the
System Toluene-MethyIcyclohexane-n-Propancl • • . • 27
Figure 2 - Ron-Azeotropic Distillation Curves for
the System Toluene-Methylcyclohexane. . . . . . . .
28
Figure 3 - Effect of Charge Composition on the
Azeotropic Recovery of 99.5 height Percent Toluene
in the System Toluene-Methylcyclohexane-n-Propanol
at Several Reflux Ratios.
29
Figure 4 - Effect of Charge Composition on the
Azeotropic Recovery of 9v r eight Percent Fethylcyclohexane in the System Toluene-Methylcyclohexanen-Propanol at Several Reflux Ratios . . . . . . . .
30
Figure 5 - Effect of Charge Composition on the NonAzeotroplc Recovery of 99.5 "eight Percent Toluene
and <28,5 "eight Percent Fethylcyclohexane in the
System Toluene-Methylcyclohexane at 20si Reflux
Ratio
. . . . . . . . . .
........ . . . . .
31
Figure 6 - Effect of Charge Composition on Azeo­
tropic and Non-Azeotropic Recovery. . . . . . . .
32
84373
'%#& # & o # a y -ba# #&'
'dkBwl'ifWwr3v%;r,r o#
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©leehol .m tte©
WES ek&sm a© tbe system 'to' nse
la W^$aig # 1 5 StWjy^-. - '
'y6^H&*6o6f%&e' 4^4#ZAati<»a(
%Qp# % W
-#$)..a$#er.i%a o#Wa).
wA#i wblab" to
tbe results
by wwqt^Qgp&a"
$b@ dWiZkattoma # w $ aa^^aw- .<wt w A A $ R ' W » w ^
. abery re.cti£'34Bt:ton Golxmn. th a t isaBi'Mat.e# 32 t M e r e tie a l
p la te s *-
fhe following conelnslM-s may be # a w
taimeat
I*
ia
Ifc m
#ta: eb*
Av>m4 -
aaae#epla%' th#'. peyeernWga'- $ e # y e ^ \ef '--'
a' glveci ptwity s# both the 4Maap#MW* ef tW'-Rlihayy^'
im a#o.ty^ie diatlllatiom* th# .ywove# #
the least volatile -ctimponemt In the change Is lm#pem*
ient ef its $elat#a ^nahflty Sh the # # g e » In h#*-'
6heet#op&e #sttil#SW' # e W a W p y ,# the' Iewt..ye#f
tile ■eempenent.
,in the eW^g# is ##pen&#ht ©n it#- fela*
t #e ^hantity ''Sm the ehat^#.
.
3*.
$ w y # e ^ z y ef the m W
is
m p m the .m<wt e# t w t 'Wmp#e&t ##"#*& he#
Sn aaeotfopis an# nohAWot^oplh aiGtllietlen* m e
great## it# prepeytlen in the eharge the greater will he
the #eeo##y of a given pnrlty*.'
4* ihe parity ehtalwhle Sb a&eetrepie iistlHatieh
# the most voiatile empaiaeat is higher than in nen^azeev
t#ple cli@tillatioB:a
fh$
of t M s p:a f •i.& %© phew the &$£&&$ -ap-ete ze*
eovery» helh- a.a..fyahtity aai; pari%s-'$f ^ m y i n g ; cam*
po.siSioa ot chezga la t W aepa?atioa of a Maayy # % s % W Pv
means of azeotropic distillation*
Ihe system. tolaene*methyley&leheirahe'$: sith h^prepyi aleOr-
hoi as. the: Chtralnet^ was .ehosen Mpahee- this- system shevrs
certain- desirable CMyacteMst1
Ms--'.for.,a sWhy of this- sort:#- She hydrocarhons and the alcohol are easily obtained in. a-,high
grade of'parity 'and theMreak-in the dlstlllaion carve of this
system is shayp». fho refractiw indices of the two hydrp|ar|)ohS
aye far -enough1apart- to permit analysis 'Cf '-fractional cuts by
use- of a refractmetey*- A # the.
.of .the
methylcycleherane-rMpropyl alcohol ^ are easily separated by
water washing*:
Sn the separation by distillation of binary systems^ it is
often found that 'the components of the system have boiling
points 'Sm :nearly the same that separation is exceedingly, dlf*
ficult without resorting- to-.-a .column- with a great- number of
plates and/or a fery high reflux ratio'*
-One -means that has _
been suggested to make' such a separation in columns of normal
size at moderate reflux ratios- is the use of an entrainer to
form an azeotrope with one .or both of the components /124$?)»
An azeotropic .mixture' may be defined as one. that yields $
upon mixing £ either a vapor pressure greater than that of the
Ieeast M i M n f "i e M i W e n t ©y yielis a -vaypr pr'©sswe IessIIlMr;
tli© m$&% -#assiW ©i';tli© Iiig^t--spiling pomponemt'*' '-#©
W
is ■Paileiip
filing a M ® # # # # ' 't% IattW'' i W a & m m "'
toiling -aseot^ope '
■
.In Wring separations- tjr'mWans' W ; . ;
t illation'of
'W^twee# th© sinitaw boiling..aW W W e i
is ffiote-' satisfaoteWi ' ':
■
■'•
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An enibrainsr may be define# as'
'the. ;7©gent that.'Is'added to
the'blnaty'-eystem- to form' on aaaotfbpe-; with1©se of both b$ *the ••
OWphnents^
fhera^is otailahlo;,in the iitenatore' a' m©$W§SS;''"v
amount of data from- whioh aisootropie compositions mf' h'e as* •
oertained '(fs6) # Were is also available W; the;IitefafWb-'d'
method of OeleOtWf-a■snitahie; entnaihef for -a-'give#' s%a^&tion
m#
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.
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W e separation's -by aneOSfopie: distlilatlon^' of a # ' weight
percent'methyieyel#e%ane^ d# weight percent, tolwne m i # % e
has been' reported'by Berg; and 'SarrisOn Ol)t '#
attempt'was' made
'to' s#dy the effect 'upon feeWeny' Of varying the percentage com^
position of the hydrocarbon charge*' '
'"
_
•Because' no data 'were'available from the litefafnre of the
actual percent recovery possible: by straight rectification, of the
system methylcycltihezane * tolnene?; if was necessary to make
several snch rang, during this study, to provide the necessary
•data for comparison purposes^
These data are tabulated- In this
;
report*
'
'
;
Boiling temperatures' of cuts listed in this paper were not
a # # # # * * te
m & # & weWd-. as wwiSable"
te -esBVert' # # 'bolMng.:p.olnt: 'of;
ane.:...
#e8st##- W
S*.a.ti-0n ^ M r e #Ms- ppglk-<$$.$■■
#
#1$ - :
...,
;W-, -,; ...
ABB
A*
E#IPmR$ .
fke equipment Used in this work densisted of a precision
rectification ooiummy a Gorad constant reflux ratio eoMen:
sers
a graduated water.-eooied- receiver; a Eafwrd type triple beam
balance; a mercury filled
type Manometer 5 round bottom glass
flasks 'with side
&'
ceramic heater;, two autBtraiisf©rmefs. and two glass stem, mercury
thermometers*
The column was constructed of three concentric -glass tubes*
The innermost tube, was'33 mm* in diameter s packed with Eenske- .
one-eighth inch stainless.steel helices% A thermometer was
fastened .to the outside surface of. the1inner tube about halfway
between top and bottom*
#&e second or middle tube was wrapped
with Eichrome Wire- which was connected to. -a small H O wit.'auto*,
transformer to preside heat to the column*
|he third or outer
tube served as 'a protector and insulator*;. 'The column was forty*
eight inches- high*
At total reflux the Column calibrated 1JS. ,
theoretical plates*. ■ The Gorad head is sc designed -as to'give
:: /
...
'
.
.
constant reflux radios of 5,|1$ 'TGii*. SChsl5..'and 30&1*
The- manometer used,' was a .
tiUh shaped tube about twelve 'inches
in height With--Ohe end 'Opened to the atmosphere- and the other
leading through .-a,.-Stopcock to .a ball joint connecting to a ,side
afm of the distilling flask*. This- device was-used to measure
pressure drop in the column0
$he distilling flasks used were- ©f two sizes, one liter
and'two liter, with a side arm hall joint that fitted into "the
manometer and: another' ball joint at the top that fitted.' into
the'bottom of- the colmnl •
■■ '' .
-
7
•fhe heater'-; used- had a- ceramic- base’with' a concave depress
sion'in which' were Sibhr ©me' colls*
mately'into the-" concave'depression*,
fhe- flasks fitted appr oi%i* '
fhe" current Input -to the
■heater -was contr-olled fey another small IlQ volt autotransformer,
■Ifec- refractometer was a Valentine of the glass prism type
capable of-reading to si% significant figures*, ill refractive
indices were read at 20 degrees Sentigiade plus'- or minus 0*1
degrees' -Gentigrade* -
•
Ifee ant otransformers were-, .Superior Electric Company--Pwer*stats, of -seven- and -eme-half ampere maximum'; input at H O "volts
.h-*#*. ffee"output,-: of 'secondary was fused'-at six amperes with' "* voltage range of Q 'to -1S5 volts*.- ■ ■•
'r%'-
!
.
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'
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'
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'
the Aiseotpepie ^6mp^s*£Mi&8f
Tke c o m p o s of the methyicyelohe^arie^n-'-propyl alcohol
.azeotrope was' obtained from the literature (I) 0; :M.g/ value was
cheeked, by the use of W #tMer yap9#*l&qit%& e^lllbrlum still
#»#"#%$ found to be in ngyememt^ith
e^erimentuily deter*
mined value even' though'' the literature Value had been obtained
■’
at a- pressure of 760: mm» and o w experimental value at a pressure
of 640 mm* 'fhe'Value found in the
literature* and' experimentally
cheeked by ns.9 was 6^ weight percent methylcvcloheXane and 35
weight percent nlpropyi alcohol* -
=.' •
■’ 'Io obtain a further check upon this value two charges were
made up $ One containing ,63 'weight' percent methyleyclohexane and37 weight, percent n-propyl alcohol? and the other 6? weight".'
percent' methylcyclohexane and 33 weight percent n^propyl altcohole
Bach charge- was then refluxed, in. the column' for ah hour
and' a 'small overhead- cut obtained*
t
Ihe refractive’indices of
the two overhead, cuts were .measured and the deviation of these ■
refractive •indices from the..refractive index of the originalcharge plotted -against percent composition*
Since the charges
selected' straddled ,the -correct-azeotropic composition? ©he
-•
.
deviation was.positive- and the-' other negative#' Ihe intersection
of a line connecting the two points with the zero deviation "line
indicated the .percent composition of the azeotrope*' this was
found to he 6.5*7 weight percent methylcyclohexane and 34*3 weight
BuLs ve&tte mae Tiee^
IDg %& the charges for the a^eotrepie' dlttillat^ehe.^' - --&#,''' %k$D$:%p'.#Larg6G fe3?' A6eotr#$o 'Wahti',
'
"'/''
' Ohargee wep?e made' up' on a ' weight percent basis ttsing a
Harvard"irp© trlple^beam Halanee-=. Hae to the operat.^Qiial Holdap
ot the column St Waa Hotmei necessary to malte -% the charge sc th a t
there 'was at leaet
150 grams ot the least volatile cempoaent.%
Whe smallest charge need was 300 .grass total of hrdrocarhensw
Who WBeuat of entralner ■added was dependent upon asoimt of methyl*
■1
,
.
cyclohexane present'*. (See sample calculations)* .:In-'all'eases a
two gras epfoees of a<propyl -alcohol was added to insnro -ccsplete
removal of all the me thylcyclohexane *
■ 3»
lahing the Aseotropie- Hhhsi
SaCh charge was placed in the; distilling flash .and Mat-.
flow -adjusted by means of the aut©transformers*- W M column ##a
allowed -to flood and ■then, tc W n at total reflux for oM' hour-* ;'
Wpor- velocity through the column was Aept at c constant, value
-
by adjusting the heat.' .flow to the still' pot M d the column by ■
control of'thO.'MtoWaneformerM - I M vapor velocity # # h is' ''
directly proportional to the.'pressure'' drop across the entire
Column'was measured' by means of the' manometer*
A vapor velocity
of 80'percent of"the priming @r flooding vel@G#y corrospmding
to a pressure --drop- across the ©olttiM of %$ mm;* plus; or minus- I mm*
'
. . .
was maintained' throughout all the.runs*;
After the column had. been allowed to come to equilibrium^.
rll-
the re fte x r a tio wie set and ‘ overhead #at8 weie' te :Wh»„' file
v&pbr teffiBerature and weight of ea-oh 'idbt.'w^e-noted i-nd thd’
ie ;
data used in inahiiig up the plots,. The
size of
the ente t&tet'
depended ueon the rate of increase of the vapor temperature*.
TBtuaa the braah or mld-fraotion
reached* smaller cute
were Wtao l& order be define properly the distillation curve,
SMawere m&d&
10 ,#e#Gd#t' teiueB# and''#
percent met^c^olGheame- te BD percent' W n e n # W - a&.peregat
-metbyieyciohe^s* W b . e##ositl9B heiag r%m at four-dli^reot.
re flu x ra tio s s. 5 si? IO s l5.. 20;1 and SOiX^
. '
#he refractive.lada# of eagh e&t w&6 aaWm&aed -aud then.
the cut was wadb&& with .aiatilled water te rm#v@ # @ a*p^cpy& -
aleobel*- %he water washed 6ute-w&re-.-the#'drM evar eal&lm
''
.
. ■ ■•■•■■...■
chloride add the refractive index of each mas measured W i n y
in the runs of io percent toluene and $0 percent methyl#
ay&loheXB&e coaipositlon? the size of the charge.? which included
15# grams of toluene and 1350 grama of methyleyQloheaa&e.plus
'entFaiaa&* Wc#e,.&@& .large fee tWs atlll pots
-'g W ®
15p grama of.toluene represented the mini## amount hecessary :
-td take, care ef GQlnmnuhRldUp and completely drive off the
azeotrope? a''chaser was introduced*
She use of a chaser per*
mltted" cutfing-V the. charge' to a size suitable for proper handling»
,•
.#mene was
1-;, ; ■ ^
It
np.
'-
the distillation curve hetreeh eUinene- and toluene Is very sharp#
sias' $£ the- charge«,-Trsfeg. a Chaser5 Coizfe be cut to 50 -grams
of to]L%u9&d&* 45B asriBBdt of.
pfea
1^- gram#- of bm&ee
SRkils.BetMd ,of e&ttfeg dbeifm @# t&c
'#&%&&& &3.$@ blfefe###
jp-OSKP
,.
%#k s dmyfeg the e#eMb)& jpcrfea of' %&#&. hebessarf to '.r«# off \
t&e %#pg@# c&@yg0* -, '
4»
,
--
#l@#feg; the 0 6 # (Kg' A&e6t#4%pl& %h#B$
The data
plotted as weight pwceat distilled^ versus
vapoif Iestpihrtee5-r w afeo weight, pihoest' distilled vay#s sid*
pofets air each fafraat&ya
-far a&
aWp*. F-Wihe i &s a aaxBp&e pl@t
iMZb <%#[##%; 4».ab&fge &f ($0 iPiedLgdbi; p##e&t
tafeaaa* 40 ##&$$&
'*% *
3W# 3$wO&Mb(;e !GSLp,'
# @ 3&dk*%G4&kBt #e&bv6?y *f
j3#r4KlT@&&aw%89aa6t # M
' ' V -' ; . .
JEsragB #»04 a&Kf### '
,
'
:$«%%*(
5*
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egad
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##&g# %*}
:4BkNG&%ec8WBd*$8C4%BW&i& %hW8$-
Ih 'Order •tW'#W$6fe data with which to Compare, the effiMeBCy
&'‘-5K
.* ,.4-.-- ,»"
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'Is
of recovery hv-.-aiiitropie #stlllatio% a tel#a e-f Cohtrhl^rims
•were m 4 w
fhe.k $ m seiW mate itsfeg the same r#-agcats as- those
'# a t #@#a
-8#e@%9pfe riahd;? ZLdi'IKkws # * »
.:'-'v-.
' '
a a # cteg&a &&#aa. ,the #W«pa#ay^»##@3:' yop# '*#»
okt -at W y
%&d the
ea# -#&#&%& *4aj&a%ak* &&;%.*,; -A ,tbaa#^'-amaiea#'
for the 10 percent -tiliieae* 90 pereaat methylcyCloho^ahe5 m d the
p a m w #3%«#$-^
iwthy^g^##aRa
data are tabulated fe'#@&fe 1%-b
. - ^ p - . , . . . ,
v • ;r
-VH»:/.-VV.;;\i.- *.,-• y .•-„ •• V-f
•-.
.
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the''
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"*#»' p W W - » M y@oove%r data -pMaaiW'
'In the same #ime^ as that bsea fbr'the hozi^gtotreplq ± % S 4' '
PigWe 2 is. a sample- ^ W ' for a non^QOtrojpic rim ,of 6& height .
paroent tw3h#^^.40 weight pwoeht'metl^lo^oioil^^ne at a refla*
.ratio of 20g1.9/Him. IumiDer 35 T.able. Il*,
'• ‘'
7*' 'P^dttihg Beodveries Qhtained' in &%#«&?(#&* and Bon^
'■
ageotropio Htm$$-'
'
Pigwe- 3 Shows the percent recovery of 99*5 weight percent
toluene plotted against .grams of.tolWene' In the '.initial charge"
for the- 'aneetrepic'■SistilletioBs'*. Sie- pwitl of 9f uS'-percent.
.'■was chosen ae all pubs reached and etdeoded this ■purity and--the
higher the purity ohoseh -the mere' marked is the difference Ih '
y&'eoVery hetwem 'a^ieotrepie and' noh^ageotrople distillation*
Pignre 4' shews the percent recovery ef 0 :K0 weight percent
"methy16yoloW^ehe plotted against weight percent 'toluene 'In the
charge for' the aneotropio distillations^
Plgure
5 shows
the ^edoweriee etta’
Saed -In fhe •Bon^aeeotropid
runs- for both toluene .and 'methyIcyclohexaBe plotted against
weight pereeut' toluene in the initial charge »■ She purity Of the
toluene- plotted is' .9'9.*5 .Weight percent^ ■She purity of the iaetbyl*
■'cyclohexane: plotted -is 8$>£ weight 'percent<» It'was nodessary to .
'report a purity of only 1SB.*^ 'poroont sethyicyelohexand "Snrthoimw»
azeotropic runs Instead of reporting'the' purity used'In the -szed^
tropic runs because the purity'of -the EefhylcyelohexsSe. in the .
BWi^sWotriDpicV^tmB1did' Bat segeix a pttirity
meib^lc^<?l'£>hd5c;ane'^•''
■' 'Figitre
' 1
■
.1 1. -
,' ■ •;
i,■
is.a igraph’iaa^'eamp'ariiaB of:tBg: reeoire^ieb ob'taineS
&t 20*3i rdfiii#;:
W t h a o p ioaliy amcl np3a?masaoitapiaally*
'
W
a^QVe aW
a
''&$ 'C W o B i W ' ' -
-
jw&&: -,' '
^thyleyolabe^ane TggaWi&oal' '
IaMem'
C* ?$ ^ Bafeer^s
AAaMma ' '
A M e M l , teeMSea'l .
Oimese
'/ -
gat Dbill## vitWLn 'a - T W % @ p l ) % s
Oil^vaeea= la makla&'tbe.y&ae*
-
' .' '
'- -
:' '6 %#^:'.' .,''-; '
DWjg&gm&eal C'o&paBy
J# $v BaSiet OhesSesl
0#Qpa%y
Oelesese Ohemleal
46%%Ay 4A&
0*6
AsemaM w ObemSoal Oospany
<*%&*
iBSiataa eaieu%&$&Q&e a&i T#ee& %$»*& an# # 1 * ' # we&g&s ,93%*
,# W W # a e t . #
: a*
me&gW
of W #ei& A p $0 M & Ikis
%# WwmA&e
- A % # W # e em p es& M # # # *.? # % & t # # *# & $ ma#y&f»
e^ iaW g a a e* 34*3,% #ght
aaaypsrdqggpl a%@eb&&&
total weight of Iiycli-OGsrhOti Ghmrgo # 360 grams •
Wal&ht tel&eae # (» 66) # # p ) # 1#
&*emm
"Weight mthylGyei#mmtim- # (,4 0 ) ( 3# ) *. &gB g#sme
W g h t ^ p r o B y l e&Rohai * ( i # ) (# *& > Blqe 2 grama
#%#ase
" ':"
# .#4*6 gram*-
heratie# ■';
f lg w e .31 weight pawe&t 4 im ti# e a a t r e f f m e t lw .
index Of I »42^00 <9S weight perGetit metliyleyclohexmne)
-Oti r-efraetiwe index GWW # 37^3
' # e f r # t l v a .index ewvo exeeede w e g h # heye#d 3?*$
weight tiereetit'-dlm tliiod#
# # # * 'peyeemt methyieyeWaexeno weevered
' '
.0 74^
'
" 'A*-
'
.
'
%» ^etermitiO weight P e rh e #
W tein etiei
!Pyom f ig w e 2 weight pwoetit d is tille d mt' r e f ^motive
index of
( 99^5 weight per sent toluene.) o n .
'V
1--V,
*17* T'-efyaetWe
sw w #
.
.
Refractive indez #u#ve czcecdc I,i49600 t c f c M ffi.y.B
weight peveewt d i^ tilic d '
. ...
,
■
Weight percent fo lu e c e ■recovered
"
Cf'
^ 6 4 , ^ -3% aee *
180
$8m l
p#@ove*y # # e
ia 4 . #t#@&g0L& $set&f#a$iw Is # a t %& # &
# » &»ae% ?#%#&&&#
of .
dW*e#*#e*. %epe#*a#%
i
& g&^eB pwrity ala# aee&aese&f
'
■
......... ■
# & s omaopt &$ boea# #e% &&
the control nine hf„ this Ttiork*, tlg&$0 $ shorn that ns: the '■ •
.■
weight percent of toluene decreases f t m So percent charged to
10 percent charge^ the percent recovery of toluene Cf
weight percent purity decreases from 77*5 weight percent te
23*0 weight percents
Ihe seme, concept -applies to the most volatile -component^
and this too is hern# cut hy figure 5 which shows that as the
weight percent of toluene decreases from So percent charged to
10 percent charged the percent recovery of MethylcyclOhekehe Of
$#*# weight 'percent ^purity ':lccreahes' fro# 6*0' ^clght#$(*,0 * * % # - 0Wce&%'. -/.'',;. \ ' .
■'
j, •.■"■■ ;v■ ’
'
■
,
-.
in aneetrople di.stiliation the'situatioh la not the name ^ '
it is found' that the' p # c # t recovery -of the least volatile com^,
■**
ponent is not dependent upon Hs. -percent in the charge* ItIgure
3 shows that m
the. toluene 'present- in the initial, charge’Is.
varied from 1© weight percent to 8© weight, percent^ the toluene
recovery of ©. given purity stays essentially constant and when
plotted as in figure 3 is virtually a straight line*
The percent
recovery of toluene in the: aseotropie runs Is a good deal higher
than im the
txms -a# the same mH%$. mti&% .rA
-3 mAA-yigwe- &
t'^opie
mm-y ■ewsi
at $il 2?efitiz PatSog -wiien
■taSned M a s them #
'tolaene is
&B
the
change a # * ■ ■
weight pereent t d M e n e the u-eeowff # "
'#&% i$i t M a#R*a%eGt##p&#
&t #&#&%% aretiga *#
3@?I the
■
at SSsSs: •
,
••
&&'&&&.
aseotfepie runs is very swpstahtialij high#'at''all perseatages
of teiaame ehafges#*
I# the 4&s@' 0# the yaaqvery.
th#'/-
'
meet volatile g b & p # # # * 'the recovery does deOpoaoe aa tbo '
emm&t ohaeged _d<&<dte;ss;eNe&* # e pwlty Is m @ b Ibj&iBbaspp hmreYet *
Emd the recovery shhstaptially greater Ih kite; a&eotropie Vh&s
'the* i& Iktie
rwa?
(#ee # g # e s 4*
##-.6*).
Ba
$ b e . o f ' t h e . & g & a t vol&ti&g
TkSr'(&#e9t#e#.@
#%&&&#
ao#' eaw^e# the gpwjR&tip
'OhtsSmbSe by straight
'howe#^* -tW'
quantity recovered of a §f¥en ^wity ■Of the least
volatile eoifinonent Is higher thm in -straight dig*
tillation*
3»
fhO' veoovevF of the most volatile component is1depends
end upon the amount of that component ohatged. both in
aneotropie and nen^aseotvop ie diet illation*
■ w
The greats
its. jj^opoytion ■in the Oharge9 the greater will- he
the recovery of a. given purity*
4»
the- purity obtainable in aoeotyapie distillation of
the most volatile component is higher than in non#
aaeotropic distillation*.
She quantity of a given
purity■ohtainahle in-azeotropic distillation is also
higher than in non-azeotropie distillation*
■;
■
# 0 aether.
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Se also wishes to thank Professor .Sloy^ Berg5 Head; of the
Department -&Z ..phemfeal'
.at .Eoiitam State G&kle&e?
*
,
.
„.
.
•
who suggested the problem^ and under--whose Sireetion the: re**
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searoh was carried an*'
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Charge Cosipositions 5.Eefluz Satlos and Recoveries
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folnene^sewloRo i6hwane
Be
Figure 3 »- .«•■.4 * * ■»x-4 « > * « » *. .« « * » » « « » 29'
. Effect of' Sharge,Sempositlen on the Iseoprople
ReoWeiT Of 99*5 Weight Rereemt Tolnene In the
STsfea faiuene^Methylpyelohemhe^niRfohanol. at, - *, .
’.
Berenol; R e f l W ■Ratios' .
F-O
Figure -4 #.•
., :
#. ^ .& « # # «••#- * * * 4 #• * 4 f
4 #-. 3G
Bffeet of. SMrge. -Somposltien m the Ageotropre
Recovery- of 98 weight Refepnt BsthyleyeipWgwp
in the System foiueBWtethyloyelohefane*«n*Rropanol
. at' BeVefel .SeflW Ratios
#*
Figure 5:.%.:'*,.*
.. ; ; ''
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Effect, of,.Sharge-..Spmposifion on the Hom^AgeotrbnlO'
ReWwy'#
^hMehe W
88.%5' _
Weight- Fereent 'lethylbielohezene-. ih the |ystem-: ,.
'ieiuene^ie^hyleyeiehezane'at.-'SpllyReflw Satie
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B*
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Effect.' of ph|rse-,Somposifion, on Ageetropih 6n4_
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SfeePge Oompositions s ReifImc latios aacl Beeoveries.fo#
"Hoa^AaeotPopie Runs
S m Ho=■ Ofearge Ooraposifelon Reflaz Welgfei Reroent Reeolrery
Ratio
H Gdm-# 1<\X91X.CD
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VAPOR
TEMPERATURE
AT
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
TEMPERATURE
° C.
I4 8 Z
VAPOR
146 i:
WEIGHT
PERCENT
DISTILLED
Figure I
Azeotropic Distillation Curves for the System Toluene-Methylcyclohexane-n-Propanol
VAPOR
TEMPERATURE
INDEX
REFRACTIVE
INDEX
— REFRACTIVE
WEIGHT
PERCENT
DISTILLED
Non-Azeotropic Distillation Curves for the System Toluene-Fethylcyclohexane
WEJGHT
PERCENT
TOLUENE IN CHARGE
Figure 3
Effect of Charge Composition on the Azeotropic Recover; of 99.5 ’"eight Percent Tolu­
ene in the System T o l u e n e - M e thyIcyclohexane-n-Propanol at Several Reflux Ratios
IvIETHYLCYCLOHEXANE
RECOVERY CF
PERCENT
WEIGHT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
TOLUENE
IN
CHARGE
Figure 4
Effect of Charge Composition on the Azeotropic Recovery of 98 '"eight Percent ?'ethy !cy­
clohexane in the System Toluene-Methylcyclohexane-n-Propanol at Several Reflux Ratios
IOO
Effect of Charge Composition on the Non-Azeotropic Recovery of 99.5 ’''eight Percent
Toluene and 88.5Weight Percent Fethylcycloheyane in the System Toluene-Fethy!cyclo­
hexane at 20:1 Reflux Ratio
RECOVERY
TOLUENE
ENT
- - • f r TOLUENE
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE
REFLUX RATIO
20 ' I
--------- AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
TOLUENE 99 5 WEIGHT PERCENT PURITY
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 9 8 .0 WEIGHT PERCENT
--------- N O N -A ZE O TR O P C D ISTILLA TIO N
TOLUENE 9 9 .5 WEIGHT PERCENT PURITY
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 8 8 .5 WEIGHT PERCENT
WEIGHT
PERCENT
PURITY
&METHYLCYCLOHEXANE -
PURITY
TOLUENE IN
CHARGE
Figure 6
Effect of Charge Composition on Azeotropic and Kon-Azeotropic Recovery
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
*
ru/B
-DlTe-
IA
Daly, James-- of nnmpnr.-ff-}nn on
recovery in the azeo-tropic
-System mptbyl cynl n-Vioyano-_
FEB I 3 rS?
N378
D17e
Cop. 2
84372