MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu
16.982 Bio-Inspired Structures
Spring 2009
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

Nanomanufacturing.



Theory.
Applications.
pp
Smart Materials.


Theory.
Applications.
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions





The term was first proposed by K.
Eric Drexler in the 1970's.
A nanometer
t is
i one billi
billionth
th off a
meter.
It involves the manipulation of the
structure of matter atom-by-atom.
It is currentlyy undergoing
g g extensive
development.
It has not yet yielded significantly
useful
f l commercial
i l products.
d
Nanomanufacturing
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing

The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart

materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions

It is now quite accepted as was the
idea of flying to the Moon in the pre–
space age year of 1950.
1950
It will use nanomachines to build
structures, features, devices,
systems, as well as other
nanomachines.
Most research predicts that within 20
to 30 years nanomanufacturing will
become a reality
reality.
The Complete Proces
Process
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
Tip Preparation
Work piece
Preparation
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Final Product
Positional
Control
Applications
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Chronometry Devices.
Sensor units.
Optical devices.
Biomedical p
products.
Computing and information storage
devices.
Smart materials using nanoscale
devices.
Applications
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Applications
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Universal Joint
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outloo
Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Pl
Planetary
t
G
Gear
B i
Bearing
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs. Traditional
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
Bottom-up:
Bottom
up:
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Products are
manufactured
one atomic
particle at a time.
Top-down:
Top
down:

Every product
begins with a
bulk material
process and is
subsequently
refined
fi d d
down.
What are Smart Materials?
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions



Senses a stimulus (eyes).
Takes an intelligent
g
decision
(brain).
Through electronic feedback it
takes corrective/preventive
measures to avoid catastrophic
situations
it ti
((arm).
)
Advantages
 No
moving parts
parts.
The Complete Process
 High reliability.
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
 Low
L
power requirements.
i
t
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
 Provide new capabilities that are
Advantages
Types of Smart
presently not possible.
materials
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Types of Smart Materials
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Piezoelectric Materials
Shape
p Memory
y Alloys
y
Magnetostrictive Materials
Active Fluids
Optical Fiber Bragg Grating
Sensors.
1 Piezoelectric Materials
1.
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing

The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions


Expand and contract with the
application of voltage.
Piezoceramics are the most widely
used smart material.
Applications






Ink Jet Printers.
Sonar.
Medical Diagnostics.
Diagnostics
High frequency stereo-speakers.
Computer Keyboards.
Microphones
Microphones.
2 Shape Memory Alloys
2.
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions


Are metals that can be deformed and
then returned to their original shape
by heating.
Applications



Aeronautical applications.
Surgical tools.
M
Muscle
l wires.
i
3 Magnetostrictive Materials
3.
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions


Expand and contract with the
application of magnetic fields.
Applications



High-power sonar transducers.
Motors.
Hydraulic actuators.
4 Active Fluids
4.
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions


Respond to an electric
(electrorhelogical) or a magnetic
(magnetorheological) field with a
change in viscosity.
Applications





Tunable dampers.
Vibration-isolation systems.
Clutches.
Brakes.
Resistance Controls
Controls.
5. Optical Fiber Bragg Grating
Sensors
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vvs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outloo
Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions

Respond to strain and temperature
by a shift in their optical wavelength.
Mechanical Energy
Magnetostriction
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Magnetication
Piezo effect
Voltage
Shape memory effect
Temperature
Sensor
The Complete Process
Applications
Actuator
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Electrical Energy
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Economical Outlook
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vs
vs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
 $1




Billion dollar market
75% - Electro-ceramics
10% -Shape
Shape Memory Materials
10% - Magnetostrictive materials
5% - Active Fluids
Merging Smart Materials and
Nanotechnlogy
Nanotechnology
Nanomanufacturing
The Complete Process
Applications
Nanomanufacturing vvs.
Traditional
What are Smart
materials?
Advantages
Types of Smart
materials
Applications
Economical Outloo
Outlook
Merging Smart
Materials and
Nanotechnology
References
Questions
Nanotech data storage
memory system
Increased frequency
range, parabolic
hearing
Error correction device - instant
data replay and feedback
Metabrain
Network sonar sensors
map data onto visual field
Solar protected skin with
tone - texture changeability
Cardio flow and
function monitor
Turbocharged suspension flexibility
In vivo fiberoptic
communications
backbone
Replacement organs
Internal wholebody
navigational grid
Biosensors externally
stimulate atmospheric tensions
Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.