Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site
Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2013 and May 30,
2014
Cooperative Agreement between NPS and CWU, Agreement number
H8W07110001
Ashleen Reddy, Jeff Barnes, Naomi Beebe and Anne M. Johansen*
Chemistry Department, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way,
Ellensburg, WA 98926-7539
*To whom correspondence should be addressed:
e-mail:
johansea@cwu.edu
phone:
(509)963-2164
fax:
(509)963-1050
Introduction
In order to understand the relationship between natural processes and perturbations
brought about by human activities, precipitation chemistry must be studied over a long-term
period. By sampling on a continuous basis with consistent techniques, we are seeking to
accumulate valuable chemical precipitation data that will enable the atmospheric science
community to track atmospheric changes that come as a consequence of modifications in
anthropogenic emissions and land use both regionally and globally.
Our methods on Mt. Rainier
closely resemble those of the existing
NADP
(National
Atmospheric
Deposition Program) sites in the state
of Washington (depicted in Figure 1):
Hoh (WA14), La Grande (WA21),
Marblemount (WA19) and Tahoma
Woods (WA99). The Hoh site (WA14)
is located on the Olympic Peninsula,
and is assumed not to include
anthropogenic contaminants from the
Seattle/Tacoma area. Marblemount
(WA19) is located only 60 miles east
of the Puget Sound in northwestern
Washington along State Highway 20
and on the western face of the North
Cascade Range at an elevation of 123
Figure 1: Map of Washington State with NADP sites
m. The two closest sites to our Mt.
Rainier Paradise Ranger Station
(hereafter referred to as Mt. Rainier) site are: La Grande (WA21), which is located to the west of
Mount Rainier just south of the town of Eatonville, at an elevation of 617 m, and nearby Tahoma
Woods (WA99), at an elevation of 421 m and approximately 3 miles south east of the Paradise
Ranger Station. While the first three sites have been operating since 1984, the Tahoma Woods
site has only been active since fall 1999. Our site, Mt. Rainier Paradise Ranger Station, is
located at 1654 m elevation and has been active for precipitation collection and analyses, on
and off between 1989 and 2001 and consistently thereafter.
Experimental
Precipitation Collection
Collection of wet deposition in the form of rain and snow is carried out with large 5 gallon
white plastic containers with an opening of 29 cm in diameter. During periods when there is no
snow on the ground, a dry-wet collector of the same type as at the NADP sites is used,
otherwise a bucket is placed on top of a collection tower at Paradise. During snowfall months,
the bucket is capped with an inverted funnel with a smaller opening to prevent bucket over-filling
during the one-week sampling period.
Weekly sample collection is performed by Mount Rainier National Park
BiologyTechnician Rebecca Lofgren or assistants. This procedure consists of removal of the
bucket containing 1-, and sometimes 2-weeks worth of precipitation, replacing it with a new
cleaned one, and shipping the capped used bucket back to us for analysis. Buckets are
received at CWU where the amount of collected precipitation is determined based on the mass
difference of the full and empty bucket. It should be noted that between 12/5/07, i.e., sample M07-35 and 5/28/13, i.e., sample M-13-17, a new preservation procedure was used in order to
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
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assure that sample storage over longer time periods was feasible. For that purpose, the
received sample is split among three 120 mL trace clean sample bottles. Conductivity, pH, and
anions are determined from the original sample. Concentrated nitric acid is added to the second
sample until a pH of 2.0 is reached to preserve the cations calcium, potassium, magnesium, and
sodium until analysis. Similarly, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the third sample until a pH
of 2.0 is reached to ensure preservation of ammonium until analysis. Since sample M-13-18,
which includes all samples in the current report, however, we started using our new Metrohm
IC, which deemed to be problematic with the acidity of the samples for storage. Thus, we had
to use the non-treated samples. Since we will be using the Metrohm IC for all future samples,
we will ascertain that storage period for samples is held to a minimum and that samples are run
once a month.
Before returning the bucket to Mt. Rainier, it thoroughly cleaned with DI water and boxed
up. All procedures, including those described below are documented in detail in Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) contained within our CWU Chemical Analysis Laboratory Quality
Assurance/Quality Control Manual (QA/QC Manual, updated Feb. 2008).
Chemical and Data Analysis
Determination of inorganic cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) is accomplished by using
a Metrohm Ion Chromatography (IC), with EPA Method 300.7. Inorganic anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42) are quantified by IC in anion mode using EPA Method 300.0. Conductivity and pH are
measured using an YSI 3200 Conductivity Meter and an Orion model 420A pH Meter (EPA
Methods 120.1 and 150.1, respectively). While the CWU Chemical Analysis Laboratory had
been EPA accredited for pH since at least 1999, accreditation for the additional nine
components was completed in spring 2006 and the laboratory has maintained accreditation
since then.
Observed sample concentrations (Ci) are corrected for the potential loss of water by
evaporation by multiplication with the ratio of collected precipitation volume (Vi) over the actual
precipitation volumes as recorded at the Mt. Rainier (VMt.Rainier) site by NPS staff:
C i ,corr =
C iVi
(Eqn. 1)
VMt . Rainier
Note that when our measured volume, Vi, is larger than that predicted by the NOAA Paradise
Station precipitation volume, VMt.Rainier, comparison is made with NRC data. If our volume still
exceeds the predicted amount, no corrections are made and VMt.Rainier is equaled to Vi in Eqn. 1.
During the current sampling period this occurred in 11 out of the 38 collected samples, i.e., 29%
of cases (see grey shaded entries in Table 1).
Quarterly volume weighted average concentrations are computed analogously to the
other NADP sites:
C i ,corr ,quarter =
∑C
∑V
i ,corr
VMt . Rainier
(Eqn. 2)
Mt . Rainier
Note that for pH, the quarterly volume weighted average value had been calculated analogously
from the negative logarithm of the resulting volume weighted average proton (H+) concentration
as calculated with Eqn. 2. Since 2000, when all raw data was available to us, the measured, i.e.,
unadjusted, pH was also included in Table 1. This was motivated by the discrepancy observed
between adjusted pH values for Mt. Rainier and those reported for Tahoma Woods. Typically it
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is assumed that pH is buffered in this type of environmental sample, which means that some
evaporation is not likely to change pH significantly.
Detection limits on the IC were established based on 3 x the standard deviations of the
last 30 QC samples. Detectable quantities (i.e., values other than 0) that fell below this limit are
highlighted in blue in Table 1. In the trend analysis portion of this report these values were still
used, as omission or replacement with zeros would skew the data more strongly.
Deposition loads for all anions and cations for the years 1993-present are computed for
each quarter and totaled annually where data is available for all four quarters of the year. The
following equation was used to estimate quarterly deposition loads:
DepositionLoad Quarterly
( 1µmol %(
( 1kg %
%
1mol
#&&
##
## MWion &&
C i ⋅ Vi &&
#
z $' 1000000 µmol $
' 1000 g $
'
=∑
1Hectare
A Opening ⋅
10000000cm 2
(Eqn. 3)
Ci is the sample concentration expressed in µeq/L, z is the charge of the ion, and Aopening is the
area of the opening of the bucket, which varies with year and precipitation type. Where
information was lacking, assumptions were made based on reports and bucket logs from
previous years including the following: pre-10/98 bucket opening area=440.0 cm², post-10/98
bucket opening area=660.5 cm², funnel #2 opening area=146.3 cm², funnel #3 opening
area=128.7 cm², and funnel #4 opening area = 201.1 cm². Information was not available
pertaining to the area of funnel #1, therefore, data prior to Summer 1993 was not included.
Reference to critical load values could only be found for SO42- and these where specific for the
Rocky Mountains [Fox et al., 1989] where the reported value of 20.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 SO42- critical
load is by a factor of 11.5 larger than the values that we determined in the reported period.
Statistical Analysis
Time Series Analysis and Student t-Test
A sequence of observations recorded over time, such as the present one, is known as a
time series. Precipitation time series are affected by three basic components: the underlying
trend (T), seasonal variations (S) and random events (residual, R). Estimates of T, S, and R, are
obtained through the time series decomposition of quarterly volume weighted average
concentrations ( Ci ,corr ,quarter ) with the statistical software MINITAB15 [MINITAB 15, 2007].
Assumptions include a multiplicative model:
Ci ,corr ,quarter = T x S x R
(Eqn. 3)
and a linear trend:
T = b + m*year
(Eqn. 4)
Time series decomposition outputs (model and trend line with equation) and the
observed data are plotted in Figures 2 through 7 for important anthropogenic species, in
addition to pH and the ratio of cationic over anionic charges. The significance of the trend and
seasonality for each component is computed by the model and can be judged by the P-values
that are noted within each graph.
P-values represent the probability that the null hypothesis is true, e.g., a p-value of .05
indicates that there is a 5% probability for the null hypothesis, i.e., a significance of the observed
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trend or seasonal variation at the 95% confidence interval (C.I.). In this study, the standard Pvalue of ≤ 0.05 is used to determine if a significant trend is observed in the overall data.
Data for Tahoma Woods, which has been active for 16 years as of the current sampling
period, are shown at the bottom of each Figure. Due to the proximity of this site to Mt. Rainier,
Mt. Rainier data are included in this plot (dotted) for direct visual comparison. Furthermore,
paired student t-tests are performed on all ten components for both sites to determine if
significantly different chemical characteristics are observed within the 95% C.I., i.e., P-values ≤
0.05 demonstrate significant difference.
Results and Discussion
Data
Results from the 2013-2014 Mt. Rainier precipitation monitoring study are presented in
Table 1, arranged in a quarterly format consistent with the NADP’s quarter system: summer is
June-August, fall is September-November, winter is December-February, and spring is MarchMay. Collection Date refers to start date of collection for that particular sample. During the
2013-2014 52-week period, 40 samples were collected. When precipitation was very low, e.g.,
in the summer, no sample was obtained. This occurred 9 times during the current report period.
In other instances, for a variety of pertinent reasons, the bucket contained 2-week samples.
Four 2-week samples were collected during this year.
The resulting 4 new seasonal data points, in orange cells in Table 1, are plotted along
with all previously determined seasonal results in the corresponding plots in Figures 2 through 8
for a subset of each of the parameters. Analogous data for the other 4 NADP sites are
presented in Tables 3 through 7. Figure 8 shows additional analytes with significant trends.
Paired student t-tests are performed on data from the two nearby locations, Mt. Rainier
and Tahoma Woods. P-values for quarterly and monthly averaged data are presented in Table
8. Results show that nitrate, protons, calcium, magnesium and sodium are significantly different
in Tahoma Woods compared to Mt. Rainier. Potassium is only different when analyzing the
quarterly data.
Table 8: Student paired t-test results for Mt. Rainier and
Tahoma Woods (1999-2014)
Component
2-
SO4
NO3
+
H
+
NH4
2+
Ca
Cl
2+
Mg
+
Na
+
K
(+)/(-)
P-Value
Quarterly Data*
P-Value
Monthly Data**
0.322
0.000
0.551
0.091
0.000
0.362
0.037
0.007
0.037
0.086
0.635
0.000
0.097
0.981
0.000
0.146
0.015
0.001
0.633
0.152
*Sample: n = 57, **Sample n = 153
Bold indicates values are significantly different (i.e. P≤0.05).
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Trend and Seasonality Analyses
Trend and seasonality analyses of selected atmospheric pollutant indicators for the Hoh,
La Grande, Marblemount, Mt. Rainier and Tahoma Woods sites are presented graphically in
Figures 2 through 7. To ease comparative visual interpretation between each site, each figure
presents the data for one species at all five sites. Figures display observed and modeled data
in addition to the linear trend line and its equation. Significance of the null hypothesis in the
trend appears immediately after the trend line equation within the plot and the significance of
seasonality is also reported. Each Figure, i.e., component, is presented and discussed
separately in the following section. In addition, Figure 8 shows other analytes from the sites that
display significant trends.
SO42- is typically considered anthropogenic in nature, but can also have volcanic, seasalt, and biogenic contributions. The latter two sources are assumed to be of minor significance
in the present case due to the distance from the coast, except for at the Hoh site. Volcanic
activity was present from Mt. St. Helens during the fall of 2004, particularly in early October, but
no clear signal was observed during the corresponding monitoring period [Kittelson et al., 2006].
The anthropogenic source is mainly from sulfur contained in fossil fuel that is first oxidized to
gaseous SO2 during combustion and then further oxidized to SO42- thus generating two protons
in the process and increasing acidity.
Concentrations are plotted in Figure 2 and show a decreasing trend for all sites except
Hoh. The rates of decrease are largest in La Grande (0.36 µeq/L year-1), and smallest at Mt.
Rainier (0.22 µeq/L year-1). The other sites are similar in value to Mt. Rainier. All slopes are
smaller in magnitude by approximately 5-10% compared to last year’s report, which indicates a
general leveling out of SO42-. There seem to be significant seasonal patterns at all sites, where
minima occur in the winter, probably due to higher amounts of precipitation which lead to more
rainout of pollutants and dilution of chemical components.
The paired student t-test on the Tahoma Woods and Mt. Rainier SO42- seasonal data
shows that there is no significant difference between the two sites (Table 8b).
NO3- is an oxidation product of NOx species produced in high temperature combustion
processes and is thus predominantly anthropogenic in origin. These data, presented in Figure 3,
show significant decreasing trends in all sites except Hoh. The rate of decrease is smaller for
all sites compared to sulfate, ranging from 0.08 at La Grande to 0.19 ueq/L year-1 at Tahoma
Woods. Mt. Rainier nitrate decreased at 0.12 ueq/L year-1, which is close to the value observed
at Marblemount, 0.10 ueq/L year-1. Analogous to SO42-, the Hoh site displays the lowest overall
concentrations compared to the other sites, and concentrations for Tahoma Woods and Mt.
Rainier are similar and fall between the low concentrations observed at Hoh and the higher
concentrations observed at Marblemount and La Grande. Seasonal fluctuations are significant
at all sites except Tahoma Woods.
Mt. Rainier and Tahoma Woods data show a significant difference in NO3concentrations over the complete 16-year period (Table 8).
H+ and pH (the negative logarithm of the activity of H+) are direct measures of acidity
and are plotted in Figures 4a and 4b, respectively. Note that an additional graph in the lower
right of the panel is shown in these two figures. They show H+ and pH that were corrected for
evaporation, which, as indicated in the experimental section did not seem appropriate as we are
likely dealing with a buffered system. Thus, for as far back as we could dig up raw data, i.e.
since 2000, we decided to also inspect the actual measured pH and found it was closer in value
to Tahoma Woods than the one corrected for evaporation. Nevertheless, both measured and
adjusted values are plotted in each figure.
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The formation of SO42- and NO3- in the atmosphere is associated with the production of 3
H , thereby lowering pH. Since SO42- and NO3- display decreasing trends at all sites, except
Hoh, H+ is expected to decrease and pH is expected to increase at these other sites. This is
what we observe: significant negative pH trends and significant positive H+ trends. Interestingly,
the rate of measured H+ decrease is the largest at Mt. Rainier at 0.68 ueq/L year-1 compared
with 0.32 ueq/L year-1 at Tahoma Woods and the lowest rate of 0.14 ueq/L year-1 observed at
Marblemount. The adjusted H+ rate of decrease for Mt. Rainier falls within the range of the
other sites at 0.24 ueq/L year-1. At Hoh, a significant positive trend is observed for H+ and,
conversely, negative trend for pH.
In terms of pH values, La Grande and Marblemount display the lowest pH averaging
around 5.1, which is significantly lower than the pH of unpolluted water in equilibrium with the
current atmosphere (pH 5.6). The overall increasing trend in measured pH is the largest at Mt.
Rainier, with 0.052 pH units per year (since 2000), which compares to 0.021 pH units per year
to the adjusted pH, and 0.019 pH units per year to the rate of decrease observed at Tahoma
Woods. Seasonal patterns are significant for pH and H+ at all sites.
Measured H+ at Tahoma Woods and Mt. Rainier are not significantly different (Table 8).
+
NH4+ is derived from gaseous ammonia (NH3), which is primarily emitted from soils,
industry and animal waste, and it contributes to acid neutralization (NH3 + H2O ! NH4+ + OH-).
This data is plotted in Figure 5. The Hoh and Marblemount sites show significant negative
trends. Mt. Rainier, however, shows an almost significantly positive trend (P=0.053) and is the
only site with such a trend. This trend may in part be driven by a few high values including the
most recently collected Summer 2013 entry which seems to correlate with a spike in ammonium
at La Grande and less so at Marblemount. There is no apparent reason for this observation.
Hoh exhibits the smallest concentrations and fluctuations. Hoh and Tahoma Woods are the
only sites that do not display a significant seasonal pattern. There is no significant difference
between Mt. Rainier and Tahoma Woods from the paired student-t test.
Ca2+ is a tracer for limestone that can reach the atmosphere in the form of suspended
dust, but it can also reach the atmosphere from emissions of coal combustion. It is typically
associated with CO32- or O2-, which have the ability to take up protons thus buffering the system
against pH drop. Ca2+ is plotted in Figure 6 and shows a significant upward trend at Hoh and
downward trends at Mt Rainier. Seasonal trends are observed at Hoh and La Grande.
Comparisons between the Mt. Rainier and Tahoma Woods data reveal significant differences
between the two sites, however, the change in trend at Mt. Rainier since ~2007 may be bringing
Ca2+ concentrations closer in those two sites.
[+]/[-] is defined as the ratio between the summed up positive and summed up negative
charges in precipitation. Figure 7 depicts this data for the five sites. Carbonate species, which
cannot be detected by the IC, are the only missing major components that have not been taken
into consideration in the determination of this parameter. Significant increases in the charge
ratio are observed at all sites except Hoh. The increase can be explained by the drops in both
SO42- and NO3-. Mt. Rainier displays the most extreme charge ratio in that there is a downward
trend up until 2003 followed by a steep upward trend that has flattened out since 2011. The
decrease observed at Mt. Rainier prior to 2004 could be attributed to contamination amount of
Cl- due to the acid cleaning procedure of the bucket that we have since changed. Seasonal
fluctuations are significant at all sites except Hoh and Tahoma Woods, and display opposite
maxima and minima to anionic species, thus also indicating that the negatively charged anions
play a major role in the seasonal variations observed for the charge ratio. Ratios for Mt. Rainier
and Tahoma Woods are not significantly different.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
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Additional graphs presented in Figure 8 are those that display significant trends of
species that are not plotted in the previous figures. Specifically, conductivity in the first row, K+
in the second row, Mg2+ in the third row, and Na+ in the fourth row. Conductivity is decreasing at
La Grande, Marblemount and Mt. Rainier, in accordance with decreased SO42- and NO3- at
these sites. Increased K+ trends at Hoh, La Grande and Marblemount may stem from biomass
burning as K+ is a tracer for particles emitted during the combustion of plant material.
Interestingly, Mg2+ shows a decreasing trend at Marblemount while an upward trend at Tahoma
Woods. Mg2+ is frequently associated with Ca2+ when stemming from soil dust sources. While
for Marblemount this may be the case, the opposite trend for those to species at Tahoma
Woods indicate that they are not clearly associated with each other.
Conclusions
In agreement with previous reports, precipitation chemistry at Paradise, Mt. Rainier,
seems to fall between the low contaminant levels at Hoh and the higher levels at La Grande and
Marblemount [Agren et al. 2011&2012; Baker and Johansen, 2004; Bolstad and Duncan, 2000;
Johansen and Lenington, 2003; Kittelson et al., 2006; Lenington et al., 2005; Sorey and
Johansen, 2007; Sorey et al., 2008; Rybka et al., 2009; Nieber et al. 2010]. Significant negative
trends can be identified for sulfate and nitrate for all sites except Hoh. Associated with these
trends are also the positive trends in pH at all sites except Hoh, where pH values have
decreased significantly. These observations support the fact that emissions regulations are
effective and apparent at this high elevation site.
For all Mt. Rainier components presented in the graphs (except the charge ratio) the
seasonal pattern is significant, with concentrations at a minimum during the winter months. In
comparing the Tahoma Woods site with Mt. Rainier, there seem to be statistically significant
differences for NO3-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ for the quarterly It is feasible that Tahoma Woods
is closer to anthropogenic pollutant sources and thus concentrations for the anions and the
proton are higher there.
Although there is no direct evidence for Asian pollution reaching the Pacific Northwest,
the continued collection and analysis of long-term and consistent data is essential in
determining the impact that intercontinental atmospheric transport of pollutants exerts on
pristine areas such as Mt. Rainier. With the recent increase in frequency of wildfires in the
Pacific Northwest, it is likely that a chemical signature becomes apparent, in particular in
increased K+ concentrations in the next few years.
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References
Agren, J., N. Beebe and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2011, and May 30, 2012, Central
Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 2012.
Agren, J., C. Johnson and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 2, 2010 and June 1, 2011, Central Washington
University, Ellensburg, WA, 2011.
Baker, D.J., and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station) Collection Site;
Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2002 and May 31, 2003, Central Washington University,
Ellensburg, WA, 2004.
Bolstad, D.B., and L.C. Duncan, Precipitation Chemistry Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station) Collection Site:
Annual and Seasonal Data for January 1, 2000 to September 27, 2000., Central Washington University,
Ellensburg, WA, 2000.
Fox, D.G., A.M. Bartusa, J. Byrne, and e. al., Rep. RM-168, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky
Mountain Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO, 1989.
Johansen, A.M., and M. Lenington, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station) Collection
Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2001 and May 31, 2002, Central Washington
University, Ellensburg, WA, 2003.
Kittelson, I., M. Sorey, and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2004 and May 31, 2005, Central
Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 2006.
Lenington, M., M. Jones, D.J. Baker, and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger
Station) Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2003 and May 31, 2004, Central
Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 2005.
Nieber, A., Johnson, C. and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 10, 2009 and June 4, 2010, Central
Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 2010.
Rybka, S., A. Nieber, and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site; Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2007 and May 31, 2008, Central
Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, 2009.
Sorey, M., and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station) Collection Site;
Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2005 and May 31, 2006, Central Washington University,
Ellensburg, WA, 2007.
Sorey, M., Rybka, S., and A.M. Johansen, Precipitation Chemistry at Mount Rainier (Paradise Ranger Station)
Collection Site Final Report for Data collected between June 1, 2006 and June 6, 2007, Central Washington
University, Ellensburg, WA, 2008.
MINITAB, Minitab for Windows, v. 15, Minitab Inc., State College, PA, 2007.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
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Tables and Figures
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
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Table 1: Summary of Weekly Precipitation Data for 2013/2014 at Mount Rainier Paradise Ranger Station
Summer 2013
Sample ID
Collection Date
Week
(sum.'13)
Collection
Volume
(L)
0.9215
0.5994
0.2594
4.2129
(M/D/Y)
M-13-18
5/29/2013
1
M-13-19
6/4/2013
2
M-13-20
6/13/2013
3
M-13-21
6/19/2013
4
6/25/2012
5
7/4/2012
6
7/10/2013
7
7/17/2013
8
M-13-22
7/24/2013
9
0.888
8/1/2013
10
8/7/2012
11
8/14/2013
12-13
M-13-23
8/21/2013
14
1.8596
M-13-24
8/28/2013
15
0.5959
Volume weighted average concentrations Summer 2013:
Total Volume:
9.34
Sample count:
7
Precipitation
Volume
(L)
1.39
0.84
0.40
4.21
0.92
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.89
0.54
0.54
0.18
1.86
1.92
Conductivity
(µS/cm)
2.88
8.09
37.90
2.58
Measured Adjusted
Measured H+ Adjusted H+
pH
pH
(µmol/L)
(µmol/L)
6.19
6.37
0.65
0.43
6.79
6.94
0.16
0.12
7.59
7.78
0.03
0.02
5.90
5.90
1.26
1.26
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
NH4+
0.76
1.72
3.03
0.65
1.12
3.86
17.76
0.87
1.13
4.94
3.40
1.36
(µeq/L)
2.71
13.45
13.46
49.88
78.94
244.26
2.76
6.75
SO42-
NO3-
Cl-
[+]/[-]
7.33
12.61
30.40
5.67
5.07
3.13
3.21
6.00
1.86
5.62
7.18
2.58
1.37
3.46
8.52
0.96
7.30
5.50
5.50
3.16
3.16
7.12
2.58
2.32
4.66
40.75
13.74
18.08
3.55
1.71
5.29
2.23
4.20
5.63
5.30
4.94
5.63
5.81
5.04
2.34
5.01
1.69
2.34
1.56
1.18
5.08
3.29
2.08
1.68
1.09
1.69
2.00
4.16
1.94
1.70
1.14
4.96
16.24
5.92
19.34
11.03
5.98
7.37
16.08
6.82
6.95
3.07
1.77
2.43
0.96
1.18
1.30
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
NH4+
SO42-
NO3-
Cl-
[+]/[-]
0.99
13.17
1.45
0.69
4.00
15.26
5.83
4.43
6.85
8.85
0.98
1.13
1.54
7.70
9.43
6.59
0.27
0.98
0.89
0.93
13.71
Fall 2013
Sample ID
Collection Date
Week(fall '13)
Collection
Volume
(L)
3.89
1.41
4.49
20.21
(M/D/Y)
M-13-25
9/5/2013
16
M-13-26
9/11/2013
17
M-13-27
9/18/2013
18
M-13-28a
9/25/2013
19-20
10/19/2013
21
M-13-28b
10/23/2013
22
2.42
M-13-29
10/30/2013
23
6.76
M-13-30
11/6/2013
24
6.52
M-13-31
11/13/2013
25
7.20
M-13-32
11/22/2013
26
6.98
Volume weighted average concentrations Fall 2013:
Total Volume:
59.87
Sample count:
9
Precipitation
Volume
(L)
4.33
1.41
4.50
27.83
0.00
2.42
9.84
6.52
9.28
6.98
Conductivity
(µS/cm)
2.84
3.45
3.35
2.61
1.61
3.42
2.25
2.77
1.80
2.67
Measured Adjusted
Measured H+ Adjusted H+
pH
pH
(µmol/L)
(µmol/L)
7.00
7.05
0.10
0.09
5.63
5.63
2.34
2.34
5.65
5.65
2.24
2.23
5.45
5.59
3.55
2.58
5.98
5.71
5.61
5.69
5.99
5.71
5.98
5.87
5.61
5.80
5.99
5.80
1.05
1.95
2.45
2.04
1.02
2.41
1.05
1.34
2.45
1.58
1.02
1.90
(µeq/L)
0.76
2.90
0.54
0.67
0.00
2.17
1.56
1.15
0.76
6.94
8.33
5.64
0.80
3.51
0.36
0.55
0.61
0.00
0.76
0.63
6.12
1.14
0.47
0.25
2.50
0.39
2.36
1.12
0.29
1.08
13.99
2.34
2.26
4.75
8.25
0.00
0.49
0.37
1.70
0.87
0.00
0.51
0.34
0.00
5.63
1.30
2.77
4.59
4.12
3.31
2.56
4.32
0.00
0.00
1.42
0.66
0.57
1.33
0.90
22.44
1.80
12.51
3.14
8.42
2.92
0.12
2.80
0.32
3.04
1.14
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
NH4+
SO42-
NO3-
Cl-
[+]/[-]
0.89
2.23
2.03
4.25
2.49
2.57
0.00
2.44
2.55
1.86
1.79
3.04
2.22
1.97
0.26
0.00
0.15
3.45
0.55
0.23
0.00
0.26
0.73
0.38
0.07
0.01
0.04
0.18
0.22
0.82
0.57
2.04
1.85
10.85
0.00
0.69
0.92
1.28
5.05
0.89
3.29
3.14
0.29
11.11
1.46
1.04
1.38
1.06
0.00
1.53
0.77
1.04
1.05
1.45
1.24
2.28
SO42-
NO3-
Cl-
[+]/[-]
2.21
4.84
5.10
4.37
4.77
7.30
5.70
3.27
4.02
5.06
4.80
8.77
4.26
0.00
0.88
2.15
2.17
1.94
4.65
2.92
1.02
1.67
2.55
2.88
5.56
1.85
0.66
14.91
4.80
1.85
0.88
12.34
8.28
4.87
2.56
1.43
1.75
12.51
4.56
1.02
0.96
0.90
1.07
0.73
0.98
0.91
0.97
0.82
1.09
0.89
0.88
0.89
73.11
Winter 2013-14
Week (winter Collection
'13-'14)
Volume
(M/D/Y)
(L)
M-13-33
12/6/2013
27
0.21
M-13-34
12/11/2013
28-29
2.45
M-14-01
12/19/2013
30
1.96
M-14-02a
12/25/2013
31-32
0.16
M-14-02b
1/1/2014
33
0.47
M-14-03
1/8/2014
34
1.64
1/15/2014
35
M-14-04
1/22/2014
36
0.58
M-14-05
1/29/2014
37
1.03
M-14-06
2/5/2014
38
1.13
M-14-07
2/11/2014
39
2.34
M-14-08
2/24/2014
40
0.39
M-14-09
2/26/2014
41
2.63
Volume weighted average concentrations Winter 2013-14:
Total Volume:
15.00
Sample count:
12
Sample ID
Collection Date
Precipitation
Volume
(L)
2.35
2.70
2.08
0.23
0.62
2.61
0.00
0.60
1.03
1.67
3.78
0.42
3.63
Conductivity
(µS/cm)
0.29
1.31
1.48
2.45
1.46
2.13
0.00
1.46
1.67
1.18
1.51
1.47
1.86
1.44
Measured Adjusted
Measured H+ Adjusted H+
pH
pH
(µmol/L)
(µmol/L)
5.78
6.84
1.66
0.14
5.92
5.96
1.20
1.09
5.45
5.48
3.55
3.35
5.43
5.59
3.72
2.58
5.84
5.96
1.45
1.11
5.42
5.62
3.80
2.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.61
5.63
2.45
2.37
5.78
5.78
1.66
1.66
5.77
5.94
1.70
1.15
5.63
5.84
2.34
1.45
5.99
6.02
1.02
0.96
5.58
5.72
2.63
1.91
5.03
5.14
2.17
1.63
0.05
1.55
0.00
2.83
1.77
0.61
0.00
0.79
0.48
0.43
0.46
1.55
0.51
0.62
0.04
4.93
0.00
1.00
0.73
1.71
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.30
0.79
0.44
0.59
1.13
0.08
24.10
0.67
1.85
1.88
9.17
0.00
0.97
0.72
1.18
4.57
0.85
3.09
5.72
0.07
1.84
0.00
1.01
0.70
0.25
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.52
0.25
0.36
(µeq/L)
0.02
0.46
0.00
0.86
0.57
0.30
0.00
0.47
0.35
0.42
0.00
1.41
0.53
0.30
21.71
Spring 2014
Week (spring Collection
Precipitation
Measured Adjusted
Conductivity
NH4+
Measured H+ Adjusted H+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
'14)
Volume
Volume
pH
pH
(M/D/Y)
(L)
(L)
(µS/cm)
(µmol/L)
(µmol/L)
(µeq/L)
M-14-10
3/6/2014
42
1.78
1.78
1.49
5.82
5.82
1.51
1.51
0.45
0.00
0.74
0.00
0.24
M-14-11
3/12/2014
43
1.25
1.29
3.52
5.83
5.84
1.48
1.44
1.44
2.66
12.79
0.42
1.00
M-14-12
3/19/2014
44-45
0.60
0.74
2.62
5.62
5.71
2.40
1.93
1.05
1.00
4.23
0.31
2.33
M-14-13
3/27/2014
46
0.82
0.91
6.65
5.55
5.60
2.82
2.54
1.29
0.75
1.87
0.30
2.20
M-14-14
4/2/2014
47
1.03
1.03
2.35
5.65
5.65
2.24
2.24
0.78
0.34
0.75
0.29
1.11
M-14-15
4/9/2014
48
0.45
0.45
4.39
5.61
5.61
2.45
2.45
2.08
2.47
11.48
0.72
4.64
M-14-16
4/16/2014
49
1.13
1.24
3.16
5.71
5.75
1.95
1.77
1.88
1.88
7.40
0.44
2.00
M-14-17
4/23/2014
50
1.71
1.93
2.12
5.77
5.82
1.70
1.50
0.77
0.98
4.37
0.21
1.07
M-14-18
4/30/2014
51
0.75
0.75
2.29
5.75
5.75
1.78
1.78
1.10
0.63
2.39
0.25
0.65
M-14-19
5/7/2014
52
0.91
1.13
2.25
5.65
5.74
2.24
1.81
2.66
1.22
1.40
1.54
1.25
M-14-20
5/21/2014
53
1.30
1.76
2.21
5.68
5.81
2.09
1.55
2.42
0.87
1.50
0.29
1.74
M-14-21
5/28/2014
54
0.18
0.57
4.06
5.28
5.78
5.25
1.67
3.47
3.65
11.03
0.92
2.81
Volume weighted average concentrations Spring 2014:
2.66
5.39
5.45
1.97
1.65
1.43
1.12
4.07
0.39
1.33
Total Volume:
11.91
13.58
Sample count:
12
Samples in gray boxes indicate cases when collection volume was used as precipitation volume because numbers derived from NOAA Paradise data were lower or evapoation was unlikely.
Numbers in blue indicate the values that fell below the Method Detection Limit before evaporation correction.
Sample ID
Collection Date
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
10 of 24
Table 2: Quarterly and Annual Deposition Load Data for Mount Rainier Paradise Ranger Station (1993-2014)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
NH4 NH4 (N) SO4 SO4 (S) NO3 NO3 (N) Cl**
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
0.0758
0.0550
0.3576
0.1005
0.0816
0.1827
1.6403
0.5495
0.0000
0.1169
0.5155
0.2749
0.0000
0.0908
0.4005
0.2136
0.0000
0.7826
3.2451
1.9428
0.0000
0.2612
1.0831
0.6484
0.0000
0.7764
3.4274
1.2453
0.0000
0.1754
0.7743
0.2813
0.0000
0.3241
2.3254
0.8581
Summer 2004
Fall 2004
Winter 04-05
Spring 2005
0.1889
0.3584
0.2207
0.3711
0.3472
0.0744
0.0571
0.2417
0.9816
0.0578
0.0443
0.1878
1.1067
1.9272
0.8108
2.4129
0.8174
0.6432
0.2706
0.8053
0.6625
1.0868
0.4812
1.8106
0.4588
0.2455
0.1087
0.4090
0.3367
2.0959
1.4770
2.5121
1993-1994 Total
Deposition Load
2.4540 0.5888 2.0634 1.3956 0.9074
0.7049
5.9705
1.9927 5.4491
1.2311
3.5076
2004-2005 Total
Deposition Load
1.1392 0.5133 3.1277 0.8101 0.7204
1.2715
6.2576
2.5365 4.0411
1.2221
6.4217
Summer 1994
Fall 1994
Winter 94-95
Spring 1995
0.1302
0.5182
1.4008
0.3745
0.0885
0.1693
1.4886
0.2754
0.0688
0.1315
1.1565
0.2139
0.4383
1.2337
2.3681
2.8925
0.1463
0.4118
0.7903
0.9654
0.5863
1.0940
2.0922
1.8791
0.1325
0.2472
0.4727
0.4245
0.1945
1.0594
4.6682
3.3417
Summer 2005
Fall 2005
Winter 05-06
Spring 2006
0.0862
0.2041
0.5776
0.1263
0.2060
0.1065
0.1072
0.1944
0.1601
0.0828
0.0833
0.1510
0.6006
1.6880
1.7270
0.8600
0.2005
0.5634
0.5764
0.2870
0.5404
1.3647
1.0570
0.8323
0.1221
0.3083
0.2388
0.1880
0.4909
1.9468
3.0070
0.7121
1994-1995 Total
Deposition Load
2.4236 0.5443 2.5082 1.0814 2.0218
1.5707
6.9326
2.3137 5.6516
1.2768
9.2637
2005-2006 Total
Deposition Load
0.9942 0.4958 2.9078 0.4889 0.6142
0.4771
4.8756
1.6272 3.7944
0.8572
6.1568
Summer 1995
Fall 1995
Winter 95-96
Spring 1996
0.0451
0.0138
0.0956
0.2479
0.0716
0.0000
0.0000
0.0330
0.0556
0.0000
0.0000
0.0257
0.8217
0.4861
1.3550
0.3656
0.2742
0.1622
0.4522
0.1220
0.4021
0.2346
0.2511
0.1102
0.0909
0.0530
0.0567
0.0249
0.3067
0.4399
0.9079
0.1868
Summer 2006
Fall 2006
Winter 06-07
Spring 2007
0.0357
0.1521
0.1999
0.2765
0.0935
0.0833
0.0404
0.3246
0.0726
0.0647
0.0314
0.2522
0.5391
1.4882
0.8027
1.3587
0.1799
0.4967
0.2679
0.4535
0.4117
0.6959
0.3659
1.0683
0.0930
0.1572
0.0827
0.2414
0.1594
1.3364
1.5244
0.9903
1995-1996 Total
Deposition Load
0.4025 0.1457 0.9813 0.4350 0.1046
0.0813
3.0284
1.0107 0.9980
0.2255
1.8413
2006-2007 Total
Deposition Load
0.6642 0.5171 2.4927 0.5059 0.5418
0.4209
4.1887
1.3980 2.5418
0.5742
4.0104
Summer 1996
Fall 1996
Winter 96-97
Spring 1997
0.0566
0.1266
0.0000
0.0165
0.9020
0.2065
0.3010
0.0689
0.0935
0.0180
0.6753
0.1906
Summer 2007
Fall 2007
Winter 07-08*
Spring 2008
0.1184
0.1172
0.3093
0.2502
0.6204
0.1137
0.3013
0.4230
0.4820
0.0884
0.2340
0.3286
0.5247
0.9139
1.3835
2.3524
0.1751
0.3050
0.4617
0.7851
0.4395
0.4907
0.6369
1.1150
0.0993
0.1109
0.1439
0.2519
0.2375
1.2358
3.8760
1.4251
2007-2008 Total
Deposition Load
0.7951 0.7210 3.6288 0.6561 1.4584
1.1330
5.1746
1.7270 2.6821
0.6059
6.7745
0.0246
0.1256
0.1534
0.2407
0.0261
0.0281
0.0657
0.0258
0.0465
0.0416
0.1382
0.5575
0.9733
0.3945
0.1401
0.2954
0.7766
1.2960
0.0941
0.1920
0.6155
0.0797
0.1804
0.0946
0.0393
0.1783
0.9563
0.2217
Ca
Mg
Na
K
NH4 NH4 (N) SO4 SO4 (S) NO3 NO3 (N) Cl**
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
Summer 1993
Fall 1993
Winter 93-94
Spring 1994
0.0893
0.1285
0.5436
0.3201
0.0965
0.1850
0.1118
0.0417
0.0256
0.0229
0.0000
0.0213
0.4138
0.0798
1996-1997 Total
Deposition Load
0.0337
0.0486
0.3042
0.3346
0.1027
0.6491
2.1684
0.7085
0.2909
0.0639
0.1416
0.1598
1.5438
1.3360
0.5003
1.4269
0.5152
0.4459
0.1670
0.4762
0.7713
0.6100
0.5500
1.4350
0.1743
0.1378
0.1243
0.3242
0.8776
2.1182
3.6262
0.9063
Summer 2008
Fall 2008
Winter 08-09
Spring 2009
0.1453
0.1180
0.1080
0.5785
0.3414
0.1362
0.1766
0.3160
0.2653
0.1058
0.1372
0.2455
0.8360
0.6186
0.2435
2.2686
0.2790
0.2065
0.0813
0.7571
0.7674
0.3407
0.2677
0.8167
0.1734
0.0770
0.0605
0.1845
0.2944
0.4579
0.4615
1.3716
1997-1998 Total
Deposition Load
0.5030 0.4490 3.1376 0.7745 0.2467
0.1917
4.8069
1.6043 3.3664
0.7605
7.5282
2008-2009 Total
Deposition Load
0.9498 0.5319 2.2042 0.4556 0.9703
0.7538
3.9667
1.3239 2.1924
0.4953
2.5855
Summer 1998
Fall 1998
Winter 98-99
Spring 1999
0.0424
0.0616
1.5161
0.3735
0.1255
0.0774
0.1540
0.2568
0.0975
0.0601
0.1196
0.1995
1.0376
2.0449
2.7707
2.1133
0.3463
0.6825
0.9247
0.7053
0.1647
0.3857
0.2897
0.3694
0.2924
2.6143
6.0912
2.1843
Summer 2009
Fall 2009
Winter 09-10
Spring 2010
0.1394
0.4089
0.6781
0.4216
0.3244
0.3017
0.1236
0.3396
0.2520
0.2344
0.0961
0.2638
0.6892
1.5246
0.5795
2.3115
0.2300
0.5088
0.1934
0.7715
0.3616
1.1914
0.7751
1.2236
0.0817
0.2692
0.1751
0.2764
0.2705
2.1352
0.5525
3.7180
1989-1999 Total
Deposition Load
1.9937 0.6584 4.6151 0.6466 0.6137
0.4767
7.9665
2.6588 5.3537
1.2095 11.1821
2009-2010 Total
Deposition Load
1.6480 0.5980 6.4486 2.1719 1.0893
0.8462
5.1048
1.7037 3.5517
0.8024
6.6761
Summer 1999
Fall 1999
Winter 99-00
Spring 2000
0.0838
0.0882
0.1026
0.1869
0.2130
0.0346
0.0630
0.1869
0.1655
0.0269
0.0489
0.1452
0.8363
0.7687
0.6005
2.1008
0.2791
0.2566
0.2004
0.7011
0.7976
0.4038
0.5455
1.4247
0.1802
0.0912
0.1232
0.3219
0.2962
0.5951
2.0278
4.1171
Summer 2010
Fall 2010
Winter 10-11
Spring 2011
0.1078
0.2652
0.2864
0.3705
0.0892
0.1997
0.2595
0.3278
0.0693
0.1551
0.2016
0.2547
0.7731
1.3916
3.1755
2.3568
0.2580
0.4645
1.0598
0.7866
0.4625
0.5253
1.2046
1.9621
0.1045
0.1187
0.2721
0.4433
0.1628
0.7198
1.8354
1.5512
1999-2000 Total
Deposition Load
0.4615 0.3274 1.7975 0.4421 0.4975
0.3865
4.3063
1.4372 3.1715
0.7165
7.0361
2010-2011 Total
Deposition Load
1.0299 0.2251 3.0418 0.5232 0.8763
0.6808
7.6969
2.5688 4.1545
0.9386
4.2692
0.0255
0.0208
0.0711
0.0290
0.6065
0.9905
0.2024
0.3306
0.1132
0.0466
0.3353
0.3600
Summer 2011
Fall 2011
Winter 11-12
Spring 2012
0.0647
0.2711
0.7332
0.4989
0.3091
0.5308
1.4847
1.3519
0.2401
0.4123
1.1534
1.0503
0.4452
1.1844
1.3006
1.2191
0.1486
0.3953
0.4341
0.4069
0.4253
0.7216
0.9503
0.9823
0.0961
0.1630
0.2147
0.2219
0.2472
1.0993
4.1755
1.3039
2011-2012 Total
Deposition Load
1.5678 0.5213 3.9001 0.8906 3.6765
2.8561
4.1493
1.3848 3.0795
0.6957
6.8259
Summer 2012
Fall 2012
Winter 12-13
Spring 2013
0.5993
0.1793
0.1640
0.2595
1.5723
0.2641
0.1784
0.3776
1.2215
0.2052
0.1386
0.2933
1.7040
1.0451
0.7299
2.2624
0.5687
0.3488
0.2436
0.7551
1.5298
0.8761
0.6995
1.2139
0.3456
0.1979
0.1580
0.2742
1.4619
1.1036
1.1549
2.8265
0.0222
0.0499
0.0728
0.1825
0.0660
0.0099
0.0877
0.2335
0.6681
0.8082
0.0794
0.1305
0.0606
0.1075
0.0922
0.1818
0.0534
0.0185
0.0915
0.0373
0.7291
1.7073
1.2821
1.6351
0.5010
0.2062
2000-2001 Total
Deposition Load
0.1319
0.2812
0.4559
0.2015
1.7921
1.2619
1.8656
1.7087
0.5981
0.4212
0.6227
0.5703
2001-2002 Total
Deposition Load
2.4257 1.0705 2.9227 0.4737 0.5069
0.3938
6.6284
2.2122 3.0962
0.6995 24.7744
2012-2013 Total
Deposition Load
1.2021 0.4772 3.4332 0.7438 2.3924
1.8586
5.7414
1.9162 4.3193
0.9758
6.5469
Summer 2002
Fall 2002
Winter 02-03
Srping 2003
0.0774
0.2120
0.7193
0.4895
0.0461
0.0661
0.1203
0.2188
0.0358
0.0514
0.0934
0.1700
0.5406
1.2692
2.2303
1.2987
0.1804
0.4236
0.7444
0.4334
0.1203
0.1912
0.5074
0.3308
Summer 2013
Fall 2013
Winter 13-14
Spring 2014
0.0697
0.2327
0.1168
0.2092
0.5569
0.2398
0.0585
0.2011
0.1333
0.1863
0.0454
0.1562
0.8835
1.8841
1.0650
1.7154
0.1999
0.6288
0.3554
0.5725
0.7761
0.7920
0.1495
0.8567
0.1753
0.1789
0.0338
0.1935
0.1488
2.5223
1.2174
1.4434
2002-2003 Total
Deposition Load
1.4982 1.3262 2.6772 0.4541 0.4513
0.3506
5.3388
1.7818 5.0888
1.1497 23.6943
2013-2014 Total
Deposition Load
0.6284 0.3674 2.8431 0.8620 1.0562
0.5213
5.5480
1.7566 2.5742
0.5816
5.3319
Summer 2003
Fall 2003
Winter 03-04
Spring 2004
0.0467
0.6671
0.9225
0.3736
0.0624
0.0607
0.0398
0.1086
0.3465
3.1452
5.0624
2.1685
0.1156
1.0497
1.6896
0.7237
0.0508
0.2436
0.4159
0.2533
2003-2004 Total
Deposition Load
2.0099 1.2128 4.2697 1.4138 0.3495
0.0554
0.5388
0.4943
0.1243
0.1281
2.0373
1.6170
0.4872
0.2319
0.5910
0.4375
0.1534
0.0803
0.0781
0.0513
0.1398
0.2715 10.7226
0.2247
1.0783
1.8411
1.1211
3.5787 4.2652
4.1707
5.2454
9.9752
5.3831
2.0946
5.8589
13.4011
2.3397
0.1201
0.0782
0.0784
0.2004
0.0325
0.1320
0.0922
0.1107
0.7056
0.5548
0.5657
1.6071
0.1380
0.1286
0.3971
0.2269
0.1628
0.0541
0.0516
0.1253
0.5324
0.8465
2.2459
1.4640
0.2063
0.0751
0.1414
0.2767
0.1554
0.6863
2.4551
0.6033
0.0558
0.1421
0.2385
0.0869
0.2095
0.0696
0.0664
0.1613
0.0477
0.1143
0.1838
0.1082
0.9132
0.3326
0.6258
1.2247
0.0289
0.0814
0.3073
0.1036
0.1731
0.7643
1.3639
0.7404
0.2513
1.2335
0.3338
0.3533
0.2529
0.8440
0.8507
0.4782
0.0899
0.6209
1.4285
0.5379
0.1079
0.1442
0.1326
0.0890
0.0167
0.0343
0.0731
0.1011
0.2665
3.0475
0.5392
2.5954
0.1089
0.0682
0.0884
0.1901
Summer 2001
Fall 2001
Winter 01-02
Spring 2002
0.0976
0.2973
0.6085
0.3227
0.2536
1.0092
1.0755
0.5845
0.0491
0.1771
0.0693
0.3024
0.2862
0.4073
0.3749
1.1358
0.0355
0.1829
0.0761
0.2114
0.0050
0.0219
0.0112
0.1535
0.0484
0.1342
0.2794
0.1846
0.0996
0.0794
0.1238
0.2290
0.1366
0.7411
1.0116
0.6034
0.0940
0.1316
0.2112
0.0520
0.0065
0.0282
0.0144
0.1976
0.1240
0.9297
2.5226
1.0388
0.0323
0.4081
0.2205
0.1137
0.0493
0.2224
0.1845
0.0609
0.2104
0.6728
1.6968
0.3278
0.4282
0.2078
0.0601
0.1140
0.0285
0.1742
0.1653
0.1349
0.0329
0.1252
0.3520
0.1482
0.0160
1.0023
1.8268
0.2925
0.0196
0.0439
0.3176
0.1146
0.5926
1.3153
0.5334
0.6865
Summer 1997
Fall 1997
Winter 97-98
Spring 1998
Summer 2000
Fall 2000
Winter 00-01
Spring 2001
0.0075
0.1602
0.2315
0.0498
0.3742
0.0764
0.0256
0.0370
0.0657
1.0301
0.9090
0.8384
0.2863
0.1104
0.1136
0.2335
0.2998
0.3462
0.0906
0.1254
0.3605
3.7190
4.8337
1.1019
0.9636 10.0151
Grey boxes indicate that data during this time was missing or incomplete. Therefore, Total Deposition Loads for these years were not given.
* A new preservation method for cations and ammonia was implemented starting Winter 2007-08.
** Beginning in 2004, the bucket was no longer cleaned with HCl. High Cl- concentrations prior to this date may have been due to the previous cleaning technique.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
11 of 24
Table 3: Mount Rainier Paradise Ranger Station Seasonal Precipitation Data
Year
1989.00
1989.25
1989.50
1989.75
1990.00
1990.25
1990.50
1990.75
1991.00
1991.25
1991.50
1991.75
1992.00
1992.25
1992.50
1992.75
1993.00
1993.25
1993.50
1993.75
1994.00
1994.25
1994.50
1994.75
1995.00
1995.25
1995.50
1995.75
1996.00
1996.25
1996.50
1996.75
1997.00
1997.25
1997.50
1997.75
1998.00
1998.25
1998.50
1998.75
1999.00
1999.25
1999.50
1999.75
2000.00
2000.25
2000.50
2000.75
2001.00
2001.25
2001.50
2001.75
2002.00
2002.25
2002.50
2002.75
2003.00
2003.25
2003.50
2003.75
2004.00
2004.25
2004.50
2004.75
2005.00
2005.25
2005.50
2005.75
2006.00
2006.25
2006.50
2006.75
2007.00
2007.25
2007.50
2007.75
2008.00
2008.25
2008.50
2008.75
2009.00
2009.25
2009.50
2009.75
2010.00
2010.25
2010.50
2010.75
2011.00
2011.25
2011.50
2011.75
2012.00
2012.25
2012.50
2012.75
2013.00
2013.25
2013.50
2013.75
2014.00
2014.25
Conductivity
S/cm
M.pH
Adj.pH
Adj. H+
Unadj. H+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
K+
ueq/L
14.10
2.51
NH4+
5.53
5.08
2.95
8.34
3.78
1.88
3.36
0.99
4.95
5.17
11.20
6.80
1.27
2.15
1.70
0.95
4.73
5.44
5.31
5.36
18.65
3.60
4.92
4.38
4.57
5.50
5.30
5.40
5.44
5.79
5.06
4.99
5.48
5.63
5.48
27.18
3.19
4.96
3.95
3.59
1.63
8.66
10.20
3.31
2.34
3.29
5.67
0.51
1.54
3.70
2.20
3.33
9.63
6.67
4.80
8.69
5.04
2.31
1.30
1.05
12.90
0.72
2.19
2.04
1.96
3.44
1.65
3.45
1.99
1.49
1.78
1.06
2.45
1.71
1.71
1.18
2.28
5.64
2.29
5.84
4.83
4.51
2.66
5.07
11.87
4.62
3.90
6.74
7.65
6.10
0.90
2.06
6.74
11.49
4.50
7.85
6.74
11.49
1.16
0.88
1.72
1.76
0.45
2.03
3.33
2.16
1.67
0.67
1.50
0.72
0.73
2.37
1.83
0.98
2.26
1.52
2.02
2.18
0.94
1.33
0.78
2.42
3.08
0.57
8.42
6.89
3.01
4.50
5.95
7.89
8.08
1.97
3.31
3.78
5.67
1.96
3.99
1.93
0.58
2.30
1.03
0.50
0.34
0.84
0.90
0.91
0.31
0.75
0.78
0.33
11.71
4.17
3.77
12.33
12.70
7.43
12.49
4.91
7.38
4.22
4.34
5.21
5.25
4.51
1.94
4.42
5.87
3.92
3.38
5.97
9.51
1.15
1.61
2.92
1.27
9.03
5.87
9.92
2.92
3.79
2.24
4.04
1.88
1.32
0.32
1.83
3.58
3.50
3.22
5.46
8.09
1.66
1.60
2.71
2.10
2.19
1.65
2.54
1.18
1.90
1.63
1.65
14.30
9.22
5.05
18.13
31.23
9.06
16.42
7.41
8.03
5.24
5.77
10.12
7.61
5.39
2.75
5.55
7.14
5.98
5.56
7.53
9.63
2.09
2.62
3.34
1.51
9.42
9.92
13.86
3.09
4.27
2.63
5.60
1.97
1.85
1.07
3.03
3.89
5.20
4.03
6.37
10.02
1.99
2.08
2.98
2.28
2.22
1.79
2.66
1.69
2.41
2.17
1.97
3.93
4.25
2.72
4.70
3.30
2.80
2.45
3.43
7.95
4.82
4.11
2.65
2.03
2.25
1.59
2.83
2.72
1.23
1.18
1.50
1.27
0.65
1.40
2.51
4.32
1.32
1.25
1.46
2.35
2.50
0.99
4.22
6.45
1.74
1.68
2.19
1.91
1.47
0.99
1.62
2.22
1.77
2.90
3.50
1.91
2.80
1.74
1.18
2.08
1.14
0.62
1.43
3.07
4.29
2.89
3.28
5.13
6.33
3.41
3.66
14.97
4.96
3.34
1.56
0.27
0.82
0.35
0.43
0.85
0.44
1.73
2.33
2.94
1.38
2.02
0.78
2.01
0.80
2.22
3.34
2.47
2.75
1.65
2.62
3.93
1.38
0.48
2.80
0.48
0.37
0.54
0.73
1.71
1.04
2.04
1.05
0.62
0.84
0.90
1.51
1.69
1.12
1.13
1.12
3.25
9.71
4.18
4.71
2.72
7.16
4.25
3.56
18.48
9.09
5.66
3.59
3.37
7.52
3.58
4.56
5.20
3.54
4.27
3.94
4.27
2.46
6.26
3.86
3.14
5.36
7.59
3.33
3.74
7.34
2.60
6.99
10.10
11.34
1.91
13.25
2.62
4.63
4.30
2.99
4.90
4.75
8.63
3.47
1.72
2.10
3.21
6.38
1.94
4.75
5.72
4.07
0.76
0.66
0.33
0.43
0.91
0.82
0.32
0.42
19.44
2.10
0.94
0.55
1.26
0.71
0.29
0.46
1.43
0.41
0.22
0.32
0.66
0.42
0.28
0.94
5.43
0.35
0.31
0.52
0.88
0.74
0.34
0.74
6.64
3.13
1.01
1.03
0.49
0.47
0.37
0.23
2.45
0.54
0.82
0.91
0.59
0.29
0.53
0.54
4.96
0.87
0.36
0.39
3.39
4.90
5.16
4.31
3.40
5.29
5.29
7.55
5.35
5.11
5.17
4.94
5.35
5.58
5.30
4.93
5.34
5.41
5.17
5.12
5.21
6.05
5.69
5.17
4.94
10.38
5.85
4.84
9.49
9.18
7.74
7.43
3.26
12.05
2.67
4.48
3.39
4.53
4.14
2.75
5.46
7.04
3.25
3.39
5.80
6.68
1.73
2.26
2.98
5.57
3.07
2.33
2.68
2.92
2.91
1.14
2.64
6.53
2.36
0.68
3.32
2.19
1.67
1.73
2.32
3.88
2.77
2.82
2.14
2.67
1.89
1.99
2.29
4.20
2.67
1.44
2.66
4.84
5.04
5.30
4.74
4.51
5.04
4.90
5.13
5.10
5.28
5.24
4.99
5.12
5.27
5.56
5.26
5.15
5.22
5.26
5.12
5.02
5.68
5.58
5.48
5.82
5.03
5.00
4.86
5.51
5.37
5.58
5.25
5.71
5.73
5.97
5.26
5.41
5.28
5.39
5.20
5.00
5.70
5.78
5.53
5.64
5.65
5.75
5.58
4.94
5.71
5.03
5.39
4.93
5.38
5.42
4.91
4.90
5.13
4.90
5.31
5.13
5.38
5.36
5.28
5.28
5.35
5.71
5.36
5.23
5.41
5.47
5.22
5.02
5.94
5.79
5.53
5.90
5.04
5.23
5.00
5.53
5.42
5.65
5.39
5.73
5.88
6.50
5.52
5.45
5.46
5.49
5.26
5.09
5.78
5.80
5.57
5.68
5.66
5.78
5.60
5.04
5.80
5.14
5.45
SO42-
NO3-
Cl-
Adj. +/-
4.36
0.11
0.50
1.34
8.30
5.60
2.72
3.67
12.14
3.74
1.25
1.17
5.44
0.25
0.64
8.59
4.07
0.84
3.03
4.17
2.87
1.51
0.99
2.84
6.91
6.39
2.54
3.52
8.85
3.81
4.03
4.50
4.11
2.79
6.97
5.38
4.05
5.86
3.77
1.05
0.41
1.18
0.56
0.69
1.66
2.07
1.18
1.69
0.87
7.17
1.01
1.34
2.65
0.63
1.14
1.99
0.63
0.42
1.74
15.49
3.81
3.86
5.76
5.87
1.43
1.51
3.12
2.57
6.23
6.17
2.88
1.29
1.24
1.43
1.27
2.37
2.64
3.50
3.63
1.62
2.40
1.89
5.95
5.96
9.89
6.74
5.30
3.43
7.44
14.10
4.74
6.15
7.95
4.57
4.34
4.86
6.98
3.56
8.04
3.76
2.36
0.89
1.86
3.34
5.93
5.56
4.05
9.12
5.41
11.65
8.15
5.63
1.37
5.50
3.25
1.53
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.19
1.02
0.81
1.13
1.32
1.65
9.47
3.43
6.92
1.26
0.40
0.10
3.24
5.80
0.51
0.58
2.54
6.09
0.80
0.45
1.68
2.88
1.45
6.06
1.30
4.11
18.00
5.99
3.51
7.86
8.98
6.20
1.63
7.06
7.17
14.48
2.24
1.10
6.39
9.79
3.97
1.46
4.71
6.63
3.77
1.15
3.72
4.59
2.33
10.67
9.56
6.78
6.88
10.60
11.57
11.01
4.31
6.02
7.44
18.74
5.37
7.13
0.99
1.08
0.94
0.79
0.66
1.01
1.01
0.99
0.88
0.67
0.48
0.94
0.78
3.16
0.96
0.56
1.62
2.04
1.02
0.45
1.56
15.03
0.65
0.28
1.24
2.77
0.53
0.36
2.07
7.05
0.72
0.28
2.51
3.73
0.28
0.31
3.02
25.62
1.49
1.38
2.85
6.00
3.31
1.43
2.30
17.99
1.65
0.39
1.80
1.75
1.34
0.80
1.89
12.03
3.63
6.43
7.13
6.51
1.49
1.31
1.92
19.34
1.30
0.30
1.33
10.49
5.60
3.61
6.33
7.61
7.17
3.19
3.75
24.07
8.21
8.87
7.08
3.84
5.05
2.45
7.50
7.29
4.25
1.97
4.34
8.06
1.92
2.14
4.27
8.12
4.21
2.36
5.48
5.40
5.54
0.92
7.29
13.07
2.99
0.66
5.18
5.59
3.56
3.84
5.11
6.66
3.27
2.17
3.58
4.81
1.88
2.16
4.30
7.37
4.32
1.97
4.26
4.38
1.10
1.48
3.66
5.75
3.89
2.49
3.38
12.65
2.43
2.49
2.64
1.96
2.10
1.00
4.32
5.17
2.66
1.13
3.18
4.79
0.67
0.69
2.58
5.29
1.82
0.82
2.23
3.95
2.39
0.57
1.86
5.47
1.66
0.68
1.92
2.62
1.05
1.15
3.07
4.66
1.59
1.27
2.58
4.52
1.09
1.50
1.80
6.95
1.33
0.18
1.85
34.26
28.37
21.21
31.36
39.42
41.88
26.05
8.95
33.39
10.95
10.90
5.06
2.30
7.41
5.69
10.81
7.67
6.65
5.27
5.53
3.20
2.72
6.26
4.20
5.07
6.72
8.77
4.43
2.48
5.33
2.09
5.45
6.59
5.65
1.03
12.12
1.60
2.57
3.16
4.10
5.21
4.96
9.50
4.31
1.99
2.66
4.21
7.28
2.43
8.42
3.14
4.56
0.53
0.69
0.55
0.65
0.51
0.48
0.74
1.09
1.19
1.20
0.84
1.00
1.84
1.12
0.89
0.65
1.15
0.76
1.32
1.27
1.39
1.19
1.31
1.27
2.26
1.44
1.56
1.76
1.55
1.54
2.58
1.43
1.87
2.00
2.44
1.19
1.10
1.64
1.25
1.05
1.90
1.36
1.73
1.79
1.18
1.86
1.30
1.06
1.30
1.14
2.28
0.89
1.91
12.07
Data acquired at Central Washington University
Each entry is a volume weighted average concentration of a three month period (Eqn. 2). Winter 199x is defined as Dec 199x-1 through Feb 199x. Spring is defined as Mar 199x
through May 199x. Summer is defined as June 199x thought Aug 199x. Fall is defined as Sept 199x through Nov 199x.
The column headed “[+/-]” is the ratio of cation to anion concentration
Season
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
12 of 24
Season
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Year
1989.00
1989.25
1989.50
1989.75
1990.00
1990.25
1990.50
1990.75
1991.00
1991.25
1991.50
1991.75
1992.00
1992.25
1992.50
1992.75
1993.00
1993.25
1993.50
1993.75
1994.00
1994.25
1994.50
1994.75
1995.00
1995.25
1995.50
1995.75
1996.00
1996.25
1996.50
1996.75
1997.00
1997.25
1997.50
1997.75
1998.00
1998.25
1998.50
1998.75
1999.00
1999.25
1999.50
1999.75
2000.00
2000.25
2000.50
2000.75
2001.00
2001.25
2001.50
2001.75
2002.00
2002.25
2002.50
2002.75
2003.00
2003.25
2003.50
2003.75
2004.00
2004.25
2004.50
2004.75
2005.00
2005.25
2005.50
2005.75
2006.00
2006.25
2006.50
2006.75
2007.00
2007.25
2007.50
2007.75
2008.00
2008.25
2008.50
2008.75
2009.00
2009.25
2009.50
2009.75
2010.00
2010.25
2010.50
2010.75
2011.00
2011.25
2011.50
2011.75
2012.00
2012.25
2012.50
2012.75
2013.00
2013.25
2013.50
2013.75
2014.00
2014.25
Conductivity
µS/cm
6.76
5.63
9.58
6.38
4.33
9.29
8.47
5.04
4.61
5.77
12.66
9.19
4.02
6.64
11.74
4.65
4.16
5.45
14.41
7.52
4.81
9.18
10.45
5.28
4.45
7.02
10.11
4.79
3.74
7.56
10.04
6.53
5.33
6.22
9.82
5.74
4.34
9.97
7.11
4.19
3.92
8.79
12.56
4.53
4.43
8.74
12.41
9.88
7.60
8.42
7.38
5.08
4.21
6.20
8.38
6.93
3.69
8.33
11.04
4.82
4.44
5.28
4.35
5.91
5.55
6.32
7.73
5.67
4.53
7.00
8.42
4.65
4.49
4.73
6.35
5.53
4.92
6.49
6.39
4.09
3.61
4.63
4.63
5.80
3.10
5.12
6.63
4.04
4.03
4.71
5.15
4.13
5.56
3.34
5.20
3.52
4.31
4.04
5.57
5.77
4.55
3.72
H+
pH
5.00
5.15
4.92
5.08
5.28
4.83
4.85
5.20
5.22
5.07
4.68
4.87
5.26
5.05
4.70
5.27
5.32
5.10
4.59
5.01
5.19
4.91
4.74
5.09
5.14
4.97
4.78
5.14
5.28
4.93
4.72
5.01
5.20
5.02
4.77
5.15
5.22
4.82
4.87
5.18
5.29
4.88
4.65
5.12
5.21
4.86
4.68
4.74
5.04
4.95
4.86
5.12
5.27
5.12
4.93
5.06
5.33
4.99
4.79
5.24
5.27
5.16
5.14
5.09
5.14
5.04
4.89
5.18
5.36
4.99
4.85
5.19
5.29
5.16
4.97
5.13
5.39
5.12
5.00
5.31
5.26
5.28
5.10
5.16
5.37
5.18
5.00
5.18
5.23
5.25
5.11
5.29
5.30
5.29
5.14
5.27
5.37
5.27
5.26
5.23
5.38
5.43
9.93
7.16
12.02
8.30
5.25
14.76
14.16
6.34
6.01
8.51
20.80
13.49
5.55
8.85
20.14
5.37
4.75
8.00
25.88
9.89
6.52
12.19
18.11
8.22
7.28
10.74
16.67
7.33
5.25
11.86
18.97
9.77
6.25
9.66
16.90
7.13
5.97
15.07
13.43
6.65
5.09
13.21
22.18
7.57
6.14
13.84
20.70
18.28
9.14
11.22
13.93
7.62
5.33
7.53
11.70
8.71
4.67
10.23
16.41
5.78
5.37
6.97
7.21
8.09
7.24
9.06
12.91
6.64
4.34
10.14
14.26
6.52
5.13
6.93
10.69
7.36
4.08
7.67
9.93
4.93
5.55
5.28
7.91
6.98
4.32
6.56
10.00
6.67
5.86
5.60
7.78
5.12
5.02
5.09
7.28
5.37
4.32
5.41
5.52
5.90
4.21
3.76
Ca2+
1.60
2.25
4.79
2.40
0.85
1.80
1.10
1.65
1.05
1.25
2.30
1.70
0.95
2.10
1.75
1.10
0.85
2.05
1.40
1.40
1.50
2.30
1.25
1.00
0.80
1.55
1.95
0.85
0.70
2.05
1.10
1.15
0.80
1.35
1.30
1.00
0.95
3.49
1.65
0.50
0.85
3.99
2.20
0.90
0.80
1.75
1.75
1.25
2.20
4.29
1.20
1.25
1.10
1.55
1.85
1.55
0.90
2.50
3.49
1.40
1.10
1.85
1.00
1.40
1.45
2.35
2.30
1.65
3.14
2.84
2.40
1.30
1.55
2.20
1.70
2.05
3.14
3.09
1.55
1.70
1.50
2.35
1.40
2.20
2.05
2.79
1.75
1.00
0.75
1.90
1.15
1.05
1.50
1.50
1.65
1.20
1.05
1.20
2.50
1.45
1.25
1.65
Mg2+
2.80
1.81
2.14
1.73
2.14
1.81
1.07
1.40
1.40
1.56
1.40
3.62
1.48
1.40
0.99
1.81
1.73
1.56
1.48
1.32
1.97
4.20
1.48
1.40
0.90
1.48
1.81
1.56
1.48
1.73
1.40
2.30
2.88
1.48
1.07
2.80
1.97
2.14
0.74
0.82
2.14
2.47
1.32
0.58
1.48
1.89
2.06
0.74
3.21
2.63
0.58
0.99
1.56
1.89
1.56
1.97
0.82
2.22
1.73
1.32
1.48
1.23
0.66
1.73
1.32
1.23
0.90
1.81
2.06
1.23
0.91
1.48
1.97
1.48
1.07
1.81
2.72
2.22
1.73
1.40
0.74
1.73
0.49
2.55
0.91
1.89
1.65
0.82
1.40
2.30
1.32
2.06
3.62
1.07
0.82
1.23
2.63
0.99
0.91
2.63
3.29
1.89
Na+
12.79
7.13
6.53
7.09
10.18
6.74
4.52
6.00
6.61
6.74
5.13
17.75
6.83
4.79
4.44
8.35
8.70
5.66
6.87
6.18
9.22
17.88
6.87
6.44
5.31
6.09
8.27
8.83
8.48
8.27
6.70
10.96
14.49
6.09
4.22
13.31
9.05
6.87
2.13
3.61
10.05
8.70
4.61
2.70
7.35
8.57
10.18
3.09
16.27
10.27
1.87
4.92
8.61
9.35
5.13
9.79
4.52
8.48
6.00
6.96
7.87
5.26
3.31
7.92
7.35
4.87
3.35
9.09
9.53
3.79
2.35
7.53
10.05
5.87
4.00
7.66
13.62
9.48
7.66
6.26
3.18
7.35
1.61
11.48
4.26
7.48
7.18
3.52
6.31
9.14
5.00
9.27
16.36
3.65
2.70
5.00
11.70
3.52
3.05
11.14
13.66
7.18
K+
ueq/L
0.23
0.31
0.64
0.49
0.20
0.36
0.33
0.26
0.26
0.41
0.54
1.20
0.20
0.49
0.38
0.46
0.54
0.54
0.59
0.64
0.82
0.56
0.59
0.69
0.59
0.51
0.89
0.43
0.28
0.33
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.49
0.41
0.46
0.38
0.46
0.87
0.26
0.33
0.54
0.33
0.26
0.20
0.79
0.49
0.23
0.43
0.69
0.28
0.51
0.26
0.38
0.66
0.38
1.59
2.30
0.95
1.00
0.51
0.61
0.28
0.69
0.33
0.46
0.51
0.61
0.49
0.59
0.64
0.49
0.77
0.87
0.54
1.48
1.10
0.72
0.69
0.72
0.38
1.00
0.41
1.94
0.51
0.67
0.67
0.44
0.28
0.44
0.69
0.38
0.49
0.33
0.77
0.46
0.38
0.49
1.53
0.49
0.41
0.74
NH4+
0.55
2.94
7.54
3.27
1.94
3.88
4.93
3.99
1.22
2.77
5.82
1.16
0.94
5.10
5.71
2.00
0.55
3.99
7.76
5.99
2.27
3.49
4.71
1.05
1.66
6.43
6.04
2.72
1.83
3.55
2.27
1.22
1.11
3.10
5.16
1.22
0.55
4.77
2.33
1.11
1.00
3.38
5.16
1.28
0.83
2.33
4.44
3.10
2.22
3.10
2.55
2.00
0.72
4.10
8.15
4.05
1.16
7.54
11.86
1.77
1.66
3.71
2.38
2.00
1.11
4.32
4.82
1.83
1.44
5.60
6.71
1.44
0.50
2.05
5.21
2.16
0.67
5.82
1.33
2.27
0.78
1.61
3.22
1.28
1.05
2.88
5.10
1.77
1.16
2.77
4.99
0.67
2.05
3.11
6.32
1.28
1.00
3.99
12.42
5.32
0.94
2.38
SO427
10.00
10.17
21.20
10.12
5.06
16.21
14.48
8.56
6.27
9.10
25.39
13.56
4.71
14.10
24.64
7.52
4.92
8.87
25.87
16.21
6.50
11.73
17.08
6.21
5.48
9.37
14.31
5.64
3.12
11.12
17.48
8.64
4.83
9.35
15.98
6.02
3.92
14.85
12.69
4.40
3.29
15.19
23.43
6.10
4.31
14.33
19.25
17.04
7.08
13.35
12.50
5.77
3.27
7.67
12.83
7.10
2.40
10.02
14.75
5.60
3.37
7.08
5.50
5.54
3.19
7.46
7.27
5.04
2.92
6.96
8.96
4.81
3.37
4.54
6.98
7.12
4.00
9.31
7.65
3.96
2.71
5.25
6.04
5.75
2.06
5.71
7.06
3.92
2.83
5.58
6.65
3.19
4.17
3.27
5.94
3.00
3.52
4.90
6.44
6.15
3.08
3.62
NO37
4.32
6.90
11.86
6.40
2.52
7.87
7.24
4.27
2.94
5.52
11.76
5.39
3.44
7.23
11.34
3.18
3.24
6.21
15.02
7.87
3.27
7.02
8.52
3.26
2.86
7.95
9.57
3.05
2.45
5.77
4.94
2.87
3.39
4.77
9.02
3.10
2.44
10.65
4.47
2.58
1.94
6.37
7.37
3.08
3.19
5.26
10.81
6.29
6.19
7.45
4.40
3.86
2.68
6.18
10.05
7.02
3.27
10.63
16.90
3.69
3.90
5.27
4.02
5.50
4.05
7.32
9.21
3.24
2.24
8.81
10.60
3.05
2.36
4.79
8.02
3.66
2.98
6.78
5.16
3.82
3.18
3.15
5.48
4.63
2.19
5.29
8.05
3.84
3.68
3.77
4.95
1.92
3.66
3.31
8.31
2.45
1.90
4.31
8.11
5.65
1.84
2.60
Cl7
14.89
7.67
7.08
8.01
11.99
7.56
5.44
6.88
7.62
7.25
5.39
20.28
7.50
5.08
4.03
9.08
8.77
5.75
6.49
6.07
9.96
19.78
6.63
7.31
6.04
5.84
8.86
9.34
8.69
8.77
6.83
12.19
16.70
6.91
4.65
15.26
10.32
7.62
3.22
4.15
11.51
9.73
5.28
3.13
8.43
9.70
10.49
3.58
17.77
10.95
2.40
5.78
9.93
10.78
5.81
11.82
6.74
11.14
6.88
8.18
9.65
6.07
3.81
9.73
10.69
6.35
5.87
11.99
11.68
6.94
5.02
8.91
12.07
7.19
5.45
9.31
16.11
11.23
8.89
7.42
5.81
8.41
2.00
13.23
4.85
8.66
8.24
4.06
7.42
10.58
5.78
10.89
19.18
4.18
2.93
5.95
13.63
4.18
3.72
12.72
15.29
8.44
[+]/[7]
0.95
0.87
0.84
0.95
1.05
0.93
0.96
1.00
0.98
0.97
0.85
0.99
1.02
0.86
0.83
0.96
1.01
1.05
0.93
0.84
1.13
1.05
1.02
1.12
1.15
1.16
1.09
1.20
1.26
1.08
1.05
1.09
1.04
1.05
0.98
1.06
1.13
0.99
1.04
1.16
1.16
1.03
0.99
1.08
1.05
1.00
0.98
0.99
1.08
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.11
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.10
1.05
1.05
1.04
1.06
1.07
1.11
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.11
1.07
1.25
1.07
1.11
1.12
1.12
1.17
1.14
1.12
1.10
1.06
1.05
1.14
1.04
1.15
1.11
1.12
1.44
1.13
1.13
1.20
1.13
1.11
1.20
1.16
1.07
1.37
1.14
1.28
1.11
1.17
1.42
1.10
1.18
1.20
Data acquired at Central Washington University
Each entry is a volume weighted average concentration of a three month period (Eqn. 2). Winter 199x is defined as Dec 199x-1 through Feb 199x. Spring is defined as Mar 199x
through May 199x. Summer is defined as June 199x thought Aug 199x. Fall is defined as Sept 199x through Nov 199x.
The column headed “[+/-]” is the ratio of cation to anion concentration
TableF4:FLaGrandeFNADPFSiteFSeasonalFPrecipitationFData
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
13 of 24
Season
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
1988.00
1988.25
1988.50
1988.75
1989.00
1989.25
1989.50
1989.75
1990.00
1990.25
1990.50
1990.75
1991.00
1991.25
1991.50
1991.75
1992.00
1992.25
1992.50
1992.75
1993.00
1993.25
1993.50
1993.75
1994.00
1994.25
1994.50
1994.75
1995.00
1995.25
1995.50
1995.75
1996.25
1996.50
1996.75
1997.00
1997.25
1997.50
1997.75
1998.00
1998.25
1998.50
1998.75
1999.00
1999.25
1999.50
1999.75
2000.00
2000.25
2000.50
2000.75
2001.00
2001.25
2001.50
2001.75
2002.00
2002.25
2002.50
2002.75
2003.00
2003.25
2003.50
2003.75
2004.00
2004.25
2004.50
2004.75
2005.00
2005.25
2005.50
2005.75
2006.00
2006.25
2006.50
2006.75
2007.00
2007.25
2007.50
2007.75
2008.00
2008.25
2008.50
2008.75
2009.00
2009.25
2009.50
2009.75
2010.00
2010.25
2010.50
2010.75
2011.00
2011.25
2011.50
2011.75
2012.00
2012.25
2012.50
2012.75
2013.00
2013.25
2013.50
2013.75
2014.00
2014.25
Conductivity
µS/cm
11.02
6.24
6.56
5.66
4.81
4.35
3.78
4.16
8.25
6.42
4.66
4.75
4.66
4.97
2.89
5.19
6.82
4.06
3.72
6.28
5.93
5.12
6.63
6.77
4.95
5.25
8.86
7.76
4.82
7.09
5.96
5.63
7.49
6.17
5.38
5.80
5.34
3.98
9.12
6.97
6.56
3.99
5.78
7.24
9.56
5.92
4.18
4.67
5.29
6.34
5.66
8.25
7.44
4.05
6.29
7.09
7.20
5.00
8.15
5.81
6.06
6.73
7.05
5.78
6.71
5.29
5.41
4.81
7.95
5.55
5.92
6.30
6.05
3.86
10.79
7.50
3.92
5.56
9.49
9.30
4.54
6.29
3.71
10.29
5.18
5.49
4.77
12.16
6.43
5.07
4.93
6.05
4.34
8.43
17.08
7.01
4.56
3.64
7.51
4.60
4.60
9.59
4.10
5.21
H+
pH
5.36
5.32
5.29
5.40
5.43
5.44
5.39
5.47
5.43
5.33
5.26
5.44
5.41
5.39
5.45
5.39
5.40
5.53
5.70
5.41
5.41
5.39
5.27
5.45
5.36
5.32
5.05
5.28
5.41
5.27
5.10
5.30
5.26
5.13
5.31
5.37
5.22
5.24
5.33
5.40
5.26
5.14
5.35
5.35
5.31
5.12
5.39
5.37
5.28
5.06
5.25
5.28
5.28
5.25
5.36
5.40
5.38
5.17
5.37
5.43
5.38
5.15
5.39
5.38
5.32
5.23
5.37
5.36
5.29
5.16
5.35
5.47
5.28
5.24
5.01
5.31
5.12
5.21
5.32
5.35
5.24
5.21
5.45
5.47
5.25
5.09
5.41
5.43
5.40
5.17
5.34
5.38
5.28
5.13
5.28
5.38
5.35
5.28
5.43
5.39
5.36
5.21
5.34
5.45
5.40
Ca2+
4.34
4.82
5.11
3.94
3.74
3.61
4.06
3.40
3.75
4.71
5.50
3.66
3.90
4.06
3.56
4.10
3.99
2.96
1.98
3.94
3.90
4.06
5.36
3.58
4.40
4.84
8.83
5.30
3.88
5.35
7.98
5.01
5.53
7.46
4.94
4.27
6.04
5.74
4.69
4.01
5.56
7.28
4.52
4.49
4.91
7.67
4.04
4.25
5.27
8.69
5.68
5.31
5.22
5.65
4.36
3.96
4.19
6.84
4.28
3.68
4.16
7.16
4.07
4.16
4.80
5.83
4.30
4.36
5.14
6.97
4.47
3.43
5.27
5.78
9.71
4.97
7.59
6.12
4.84
4.45
5.70
6.19
3.55
3.40
5.66
8.20
3.93
3.69
3.96
6.84
4.59
4.22
5.20
7.36
5.22
4.21
4.52
5.28
3.68
4.05
4.36
6.17
4.54
3.56
4.00
2.89
2.50
2.69
1.35
1.10
1.60
0.90
0.75
1.90
1.90
0.55
1.35
1.05
1.75
2.69
1.15
2.25
1.45
0.75
1.60
1.10
2.00
1.45
1.30
1.05
2.05
1.40
1.55
0.90
2.15
1.05
1.10
2.20
1.40
1.15
1.15
1.45
0.50
2.10
1.75
2.59
0.50
1.15
1.80
3.19
1.65
1.05
1.20
1.90
1.15
1.20
2.35
2.59
0.90
1.75
1.60
2.30
0.60
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.60
1.85
1.60
2.30
1.15
1.65
1.30
2.69
1.50
1.65
2.54
2.84
1.35
2.60
1.74
1.95
0.95
1.75
2.79
3.09
1.10
2.45
1.20
3.84
2.15
1.75
2.00
4.49
2.10
1.25
1.20
1.85
1.10
2.10
4.44
2.60
1.05
0.90
1.95
1.55
2.65
2.20
1.05
1.60
Mg2+
10.94
5.18
4.28
5.10
3.95
3.29
1.23
2.55
8.64
4.61
2.06
3.78
3.95
3.62
0.74
4.36
6.58
2.71
1.15
5.76
5.59
3.70
4.52
4.69
3.78
3.78
5.35
6.42
3.70
5.84
2.30
4.36
5.76
3.04
3.70
5.02
3.70
1.48
8.72
6.58
4.77
0.41
4.61
6.75
8.80
2.47
2.30
3.04
3.13
2.39
3.37
6.83
5.51
0.90
5.02
6.00
4.85
1.32
7.16
4.52
4.28
3.29
4.94
3.87
4.36
2.06
3.45
2.47
6.09
2.30
4.20
4.61
3.62
0.74
8.14
4.88
3.70
1.15
3.87
9.38
8.06
1.56
4.85
2.06
9.95
1.23
4.11
3.37
12.92
3.13
3.29
3.87
4.52
1.23
7.90
20.57
6.33
2.22
2.14
7.16
2.80
0.66
9.87
2.96
4.03
Na+
48.37
23.06
21.84
22.45
18.31
14.92
5.26
11.79
38.72
20.18
9.66
18.18
17.62
16.49
3.18
20.10
29.02
11.14
6.00
25.88
24.88
15.92
20.49
21.97
19.58
16.44
24.27
34.32
18.44
25.80
11.22
20.92
26.06
15.23
17.97
25.32
17.05
7.09
43.46
31.32
22.93
1.70
21.45
32.32
41.63
10.96
12.27
14.96
15.27
11.75
16.88
35.06
26.88
4.66
24.80
30.54
23.71
6.87
33.58
22.27
20.53
16.27
24.67
20.23
20.79
11.53
17.66
13.09
29.45
10.61
19.66
22.71
16.70
3.22
38.76
24.48
18.05
5.61
17.79
45.07
36.71
8.70
22.66
12.22
45.55
5.00
21.32
16.84
59.33
15.18
15.62
16.92
20.23
5.09
35.98
91.57
27.06
10.01
9.48
32.58
12.53
4.87
42.54
12.70
17.84
K+
ueq/L
1.10
0.49
0.59
0.56
0.28
0.31
0.23
0.43
0.79
0.56
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.51
0.20
0.43
0.66
0.33
0.28
0.66
0.51
0.61
0.72
0.59
0.66
0.41
0.59
0.66
0.38
0.74
0.31
0.56
1.53
0.38
0.43
0.51
0.43
0.28
0.89
0.61
0.56
0.18
0.54
0.69
0.87
0.36
0.36
0.33
0.64
0.28
0.41
0.69
0.79
0.20
0.72
0.64
0.61
0.28
0.74
0.51
0.74
0.56
0.61
0.46
0.54
0.28
0.43
0.31
0.69
0.38
0.54
0.54
0.49
0.49
0.97
0.60
0.92
0.33
0.51
1.00
0.97
0.44
0.59
0.28
1.20
0.51
0.61
0.51
1.36
1.07
0.49
0.41
0.61
0.36
0.84
2.02
0.77
0.36
0.33
2.05
0.38
0.82
1.02
0.33
0.49
NH4+
0.55
0.61
0.55
0.55
0.55
1.05
1.55
1.50
4.32
1.33
0.83
0.89
0.55
0.67
0.61
0.55
0.67
1.16
1.55
0.55
0.67
1.33
0.94
0.72
2.05
1.66
0.72
0.78
0.89
1.11
2.11
1.00
2.11
1.61
1.05
0.55
0.89
0.83
0.55
0.55
0.67
0.55
0.55
0.89
1.05
1.72
0.55
0.55
0.78
0.55
0.55
0.94
0.83
0.55
0.55
0.55
1.00
1.55
0.72
0.55
1.05
2.00
0.61
0.55
0.94
0.61
0.61
0.33
1.05
0.78
0.33
0.11
1.28
0.50
1.16
0.52
0.83
0.33
0.89
0.17
1.50
0.17
1.05
0.22
1.33
1.05
0.17
0.28
0.78
2.50
0.72
0.33
1.39
0.67
1.00
0.39
1.28
1.72
0.61
1.11
1.11
0.83
0.72
0.50
1.05
SO427
8.92
6.69
7.31
4.60
4.23
4.75
5.69
4.04
6.77
6.87
5.73
3.67
3.54
5.27
3.21
4.35
5.73
4.46
5.35
5.37
4.94
5.56
8.33
5.04
3.69
5.31
8.81
5.98
3.08
6.60
6.48
4.75
7.81
7.19
4.65
3.96
5.15
4.17
6.94
4.75
6.46
4.65
4.27
5.50
8.50
6.52
3.08
3.23
5.42
7.12
5.31
6.60
7.29
4.37
4.52
4.79
5.98
5.50
5.77
4.04
5.15
8.08
4.60
3.50
5.77
5.92
4.58
3.27
7.35
6.25
4.94
3.85
6.21
4.48
12.35
4.92
8.23
4.33
5.37
6.58
9.44
5.62
5.48
2.35
10.79
7.25
4.21
3.13
9.87
8.85
4.25
3.58
6.06
5.27
7.12
12.54
6.62
4.58
2.58
5.37
4.44
5.25
7.60
2.48
4.31
NO37
1.35
1.32
0.77
0.61
0.97
1.03
2.60
1.42
1.18
2.66
2.84
1.11
1.39
2.13
1.68
1.16
1.45
2.08
3.02
1.45
1.32
2.18
2.73
1.45
1.45
2.26
2.29
1.45
1.16
1.82
3.32
1.61
2.79
1.66
1.35
1.40
1.94
2.06
1.68
1.16
2.69
2.45
1.08
0.90
1.71
3.13
1.21
1.48
2.35
2.44
1.60
1.82
2.05
1.79
1.15
1.02
2.16
3.00
1.48
0.97
1.58
2.76
1.16
1.40
2.56
1.81
1.21
1.39
2.19
2.84
1.19
1.11
2.66
2.60
3.27
1.51
2.13
2.11
1.65
1.19
2.32
1.23
1.48
0.52
2.23
2.48
0.95
1.19
1.65
2.77
1.36
1.24
2.08
2.58
1.47
1.37
1.81
2.32
1.26
1.11
1.95
2.84
1.61
1.16
1.32
Cl7
59.78
27.08
23.22
27.56
21.61
17.24
6.18
13.79
46.69
23.75
11.06
20.00
20.79
19.41
3.39
23.98
33.26
12.64
5.47
29.34
28.77
18.36
22.77
22.40
21.27
18.03
27.31
36.59
20.48
30.83
12.64
23.16
30.58
16.95
20.09
28.07
19.27
7.81
47.56
35.66
24.18
2.03
25.36
36.67
47.25
12.55
13.79
16.98
16.95
13.43
19.21
39.24
30.35
5.50
29.48
36.19
27.00
7.84
39.75
27.36
24.46
18.96
29.68
23.87
25.39
13.34
20.65
15.26
34.59
12.53
23.61
26.77
19.35
3.70
44.06
28.90
20.68
6.57
21.72
52.36
43.50
10.27
27.14
14.27
51.91
6.04
24.66
19.24
68.66
17.52
18.96
20.17
23.10
5.67
41.50
104.43
32.24
11.88
11.23
37.83
14.92
4.49
50.24
14.75
21.21
[+]/[7]
0.97
1.04
1.12
1.04
1.04
1.08
0.92
1.06
1.06
1.00
0.97
1.14
1.07
1.01
1.33
1.04
1.07
1.03
0.85
1.06
1.05
1.06
0.99
1.14
1.19
1.14
1.07
1.11
1.14
1.04
1.11
1.12
1.05
1.13
1.12
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.08
1.08
1.11
1.16
1.07
1.09
1.05
1.12
1.14
1.12
1.09
1.08
1.08
1.07
1.05
1.10
1.06
1.03
1.04
1.07
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.07
1.00
1.02
1.06
1.10
1.02
1.04
1.04
1.07
1.07
1.12
1.03
1.07
1.06
1.11
1.03
1.05
1.01
1.06
1.03
1.13
1.04
1.15
1.07
1.13
1.03
1.06
1.06
1.08
1.08
1.17
1.06
1.04
1.05
1.10
1.14
1.10
1.07
1.27
1.02
1.15
1.08
Data acquired at Central Washington University
Each entry is a volume weighted average concentration of a three month period (Eqn. 2). Winter 199x is defined as Dec 199x-1 through Feb 199x. Spring is defined as Mar 199x
through May 199x. Summer is defined as June 199x thought Aug 199x. Fall is defined as Sept 199x through Nov 199x.
The column headed “[+/-]” is the ratio of cation to anion concentration
TableF5:FHohFNADPFSiteFSeasonalFPrecipitationFData
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
14 of 24
Season
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Year
1988.00
1988.25
1988.50
1988.75
1989.00
1989.25
1989.50
1989.75
1990.00
1990.25
1990.50
1990.75
1991.00
1991.25
1991.50
1991.75
1992.00
1992.25
1992.50
1992.75
1993.00
1993.25
1993.50
1993.75
1994.00
1994.25
1994.50
1994.75
1995.00
1995.25
1995.50
1995.75
1996.00
1996.25
1996.50
1996.75
1997.00
1997.25
1997.50
1997.75
1998.00
1998.25
1998.50
1998.75
1999.00
1999.25
1999.50
1999.75
2000.00
2000.25
2000.50
2000.75
2001.00
2001.25
2001.50
2001.75
2002.00
2002.25
2002.50
2002.75
2003.00
2003.25
2003.50
2003.75
2004.00
2004.25
2004.50
2004.75
2005.00
2005.25
2005.50
2005.75
2006.00
2006.25
2006.50
2006.75
2007.00
2007.25
2007.50
2007.75
2008.00
2008.25
2008.50
2008.75
2009.00
2009.25
2009.50
2009.75
2010.00
2010.25
2010.50
2010.75
2011.00
2011.25
2011.50
2011.75
2012.00
2012.25
2012.50
2012.75
2013.00
2013.25
2013.50
2013.75
2014.00
2014.25
Conductivity
µS/cm
5.31
5.42
7.18
4.66
4.97
5.40
8.81
5.38
4.87
5.83
7.24
4.35
4.49
5.62
7.63
5.43
4.93
6.67
7.24
4.51
4.03
4.73
5.61
6.47
4.07
7.33
30.90
6.37
4.80
5.42
7.57
4.86
3.66
6.47
8.81
5.04
4.37
5.82
5.71
5.61
4.22
7.47
10.05
3.97
3.75
7.34
7.90
5.01
4.69
6.97
7.71
6.79
7.19
6.99
6.00
5.38
4.28
6.89
5.73
5.83
3.35
4.93
11.19
3.92
4.33
6.77
5.43
4.87
4.11
5.28
7.80
4.21
4.33
6.22
7.02
4.73
3.77
3.83
7.01
4.21
4.57
6.34
6.01
3.50
4.13
4.29
6.66
3.25
2.76
4.39
5.63
3.09
3.17
3.67
7.31
4.71
4.71
3.41
4.68
3.18
4.09
3.99
6.24
4.48
4.66
3.38
H+
pH
5.14
5.05
4.90
5.11
5.14
5.08
4.85
5.07
5.20
5.14
4.98
5.21
5.18
5.10
4.98
5.09
5.19
5.05
5.03
5.21
5.17
5.11
5.11
4.99
5.19
4.89
4.23
5.04
5.18
5.01
4.86
5.12
5.22
5.02
4.82
5.08
5.13
5.05
4.97
5.10
5.14
4.89
4.72
5.16
5.16
4.91
4.91
5.11
5.17
4.95
4.85
4.93
4.95
4.96
4.97
5.12
5.20
5.02
5.07
5.08
5.32
5.14
4.81
5.28
5.17
4.99
5.02
5.12
5.14
5.07
4.85
5.23
5.31
5.19
4.91
5.13
5.28
5.19
4.90
5.17
5.22
5.02
4.96
5.29
5.22
5.19
5.18
5.49
5.56
5.36
5.00
5.25
5.27
5.20
4.84
5.18
5.30
5.28
5.29
5.27
5.29
5.28
5.06
5.23
5.28
5.36
7.28
8.87
12.47
7.73
7.21
8.41
14.00
8.59
6.25
7.33
10.45
6.11
6.68
7.94
10.45
8.15
6.41
8.85
9.29
6.22
6.71
7.71
7.73
10.14
6.44
12.85
58.88
9.16
6.65
9.79
13.84
7.66
6.08
9.46
15.31
8.38
7.35
8.87
10.69
7.93
7.21
12.76
19.14
6.95
6.95
12.30
12.45
7.82
6.73
11.14
14.00
11.80
11.19
10.97
10.67
7.62
6.32
9.53
8.51
8.24
4.79
7.28
15.35
5.22
6.71
10.21
9.62
7.60
7.31
8.43
14.13
5.90
4.94
6.46
12.39
7.50
5.24
6.46
12.50
6.75
6.05
9.59
10.84
5.14
6.08
6.41
12.27
5.11
4.72
5.56
10.00
5.62
5.33
6.27
14.36
6.55
5.04
5.21
5.12
5.32
5.18
5.21
8.81
5.83
5.20
4.40
Ca2+
1.45
1.20
2.05
0.65
2.30
1.95
1.30
0.80
1.55
1.75
1.25
0.75
0.60
2.50
7.53
0.65
0.70
2.40
1.75
1.25
0.50
1.50
0.95
1.00
1.75
2.30
1.50
0.80
3.89
1.40
0.65
0.50
0.55
1.65
0.80
1.00
0.45
1.05
0.80
0.90
0.75
2.45
1.55
0.50
0.55
2.40
2.20
1.30
0.90
1.90
1.30
1.05
1.40
2.69
1.10
1.20
0.60
1.90
1.70
0.90
1.05
1.45
2.84
1.10
1.10
4.79
1.05
0.95
0.70
1.60
1.50
1.00
1.80
3.04
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.50
1.70
1.05
1.25
3.29
1.50
0.80
1.15
1.90
2.55
0.85
1.30
2.65
1.75
0.65
0.55
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.05
2.00
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
3.39
0.90
1.00
1.05
Mg2+
2.39
2.06
2.14
3.62
2.22
1.15
0.82
0.90
2.06
1.15
0.99
1.15
1.07
1.48
1.81
1.65
1.48
1.81
0.49
1.40
0.66
0.82
0.82
1.32
1.23
1.56
1.23
1.81
1.73
0.90
0.74
1.32
0.82
1.48
0.99
1.23
1.15
1.81
0.58
1.81
1.23
1.40
0.82
0.74
0.74
1.40
2.06
1.07
1.32
1.23
0.66
0.66
1.81
1.56
0.49
1.56
0.74
1.56
0.74
1.73
0.99
0.82
2.30
0.99
0.82
1.48
0.33
0.99
0.49
1.07
0.74
0.66
1.07
1.73
0.49
1.15
1.23
0.74
0.74
0.82
1.73
1.65
0.49
0.74
1.15
0.99
0.74
0.66
0.41
1.48
0.82
0.41
0.82
0.74
0.66
1.81
2.55
0.91
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
1.40
1.73
2.63
1.07
Na+
11.01
5.00
3.09
5.31
5.61
3.87
2.65
4.61
9.57
3.92
3.35
5.18
4.87
5.39
2.57
9.05
6.74
5.53
2.35
6.05
3.26
2.70
3.65
6.05
5.87
6.09
5.70
8.22
5.53
3.65
3.57
6.74
5.05
7.18
5.48
5.70
5.92
7.87
2.61
8.87
5.39
4.44
2.78
3.05
3.31
4.83
2.13
5.31
6.35
5.00
2.57
3.57
9.22
6.40
1.44
7.35
4.79
6.96
2.31
9.01
4.31
2.96
9.79
5.48
4.31
5.00
1.39
5.26
3.09
4.61
2.65
4.05
5.61
6.48
1.48
5.87
6.66
2.70
2.70
3.96
9.14
4.92
1.74
4.48
6.26
4.18
0.38
0.15
0.15
0.28
2.96
1.91
3.35
2.39
2.05
8.31
11.31
2.87
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.04
3.70
7.70
11.70
3.96
K+
ueq/L
0.23
0.13
0.10
0.15
0.41
0.20
0.49
0.13
0.51
0.54
0.69
0.15
0.28
0.28
0.95
0.31
0.20
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.10
0.36
0.31
0.31
0.15
0.28
0.61
0.20
0.49
0.23
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.28
0.28
0.20
0.13
0.36
0.26
0.26
0.13
0.26
0.26
0.13
0.10
0.20
0.66
0.20
0.15
0.33
0.18
0.15
0.23
0.38
0.23
0.31
0.10
0.33
0.56
0.28
0.10
0.26
0.82
0.18
0.20
0.43
0.18
0.20
0.13
0.23
0.38
0.33
0.36
1.07
0.28
0.31
0.26
0.31
1.46
0.21
0.28
0.97
0.28
0.21
0.31
0.26
1.96
4.22
2.09
6.00
0.36
0.18
0.18
0.21
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.90
0.36
0.36
0.56
NH4+
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.72
0.55
2.22
5.88
2.44
3.44
3.27
6.87
2.55
0.61
2.94
2.72
1.11
0.72
2.88
5.43
1.22
0.67
3.33
4.82
2.66
2.27
3.77
17.74
1.11
1.33
3.27
4.66
1.39
2.11
4.82
4.93
1.28
0.61
2.11
2.99
1.39
0.61
2.66
3.99
1.05
0.89
2.16
2.88
0.72
0.61
2.27
2.22
2.05
1.16
2.99
3.83
0.94
0.55
4.44
4.55
2.11
0.72
2.44
13.31
0.83
0.55
2.61
1.83
1.22
0.72
1.94
3.33
1.05
1.44
8.43
4.38
1.05
0.61
1.50
3.77
1.44
0.50
3.88
4.10
1.11
0.44
1.16
3.33
0.50
0.33
3.11
4.88
0.50
0.72
1.94
4.55
1.83
0.78
1.94
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.05
7.04
1.89
0.83
2.27
SO427
6.71
6.81
10.73
5.89
6.33
7.89
16.00
7.37
4.75
9.77
11.66
4.50
4.00
7.62
11.85
6.87
5.39
11.06
9.75
6.46
4.10
7.27
9.02
9.27
4.42
9.58
52.91
6.14
3.92
5.77
8.85
5.23
2.79
7.02
11.04
5.42
3.44
6.79
6.21
4.92
3.56
8.96
11.69
3.75
3.15
8.67
8.06
5.08
3.77
8.08
8.79
9.25
6.21
8.85
6.98
5.50
3.06
7.48
7.02
5.33
2.37
4.50
15.31
3.27
2.48
6.89
5.19
4.79
3.23
5.85
7.62
3.48
2.42
7.48
6.92
4.69
3.00
3.58
7.42
4.00
2.96
8.17
7.44
3.46
3.15
4.67
7.19
2.58
1.65
4.21
5.85
2.31
2.25
3.25
7.69
4.35
3.42
3.21
0.22
0.12
0.13
0.19
6.58
3.71
3.08
2.60
NO37
3.48
3.61
4.37
2.95
4.23
5.19
11.36
5.13
3.05
8.52
9.68
3.73
3.82
7.45
9.73
4.37
3.32
8.69
10.11
3.87
4.02
6.86
8.58
7.13
4.03
8.55
28.23
3.98
3.50
6.87
8.31
2.98
3.37
7.87
9.74
4.08
4.05
5.36
7.03
4.53
3.29
9.18
13.87
3.40
3.45
8.65
8.86
3.94
3.87
7.94
9.63
5.45
7.34
7.42
8.15
3.79
3.21
10.02
6.81
5.37
2.61
5.65
15.92
2.71
4.47
8.23
6.65
3.92
3.79
5.39
10.39
3.40
3.47
7.29
10.18
3.86
2.86
4.57
10.21
3.98
3.57
8.08
7.68
2.31
3.66
4.19
7.76
2.07
2.44
5.21
7.10
2.61
2.47
4.26
10.57
3.76
3.00
4.23
0.42
0.18
0.30
0.33
11.21
3.90
2.86
3.13
Cl7
12.61
6.38
3.72
9.17
7.08
4.09
3.02
4.85
8.15
4.65
4.09
5.75
5.98
5.78
2.62
8.97
7.67
5.73
1.86
7.48
3.98
2.60
3.55
6.77
6.18
6.40
7.62
9.59
6.26
3.72
3.44
7.42
4.82
7.36
5.13
6.40
6.52
8.77
2.62
9.82
6.21
5.05
3.41
3.47
3.84
5.53
2.74
5.84
7.00
5.56
2.93
4.12
10.61
7.14
1.69
8.94
5.61
7.53
2.48
10.41
5.16
3.47
10.32
6.49
5.05
6.04
1.69
6.43
4.09
5.61
3.13
4.68
6.52
7.73
1.89
6.88
7.65
3.24
3.47
4.91
10.95
6.15
2.17
5.16
7.56
4.82
2.62
4.85
2.37
6.97
3.47
2.45
3.89
2.82
2.60
9.45
13.40
3.30
0.05
0.12
0.20
0.08
4.46
8.75
13.85
4.82
[+]/[7]
1.00
1.06
1.08
1.01
1.04
1.04
0.83
1.01
1.47
0.78
0.93
1.14
1.02
0.98
1.08
1.03
0.99
0.86
0.90
0.92
0.98
0.98
0.86
0.93
1.21
1.09
0.97
1.08
1.43
1.18
1.15
1.14
1.34
1.12
1.07
1.12
1.11
1.05
1.13
1.10
1.17
1.03
0.99
1.17
1.20
1.02
1.14
1.10
1.10
1.01
0.98
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.06
1.04
1.10
0.99
1.13
1.05
1.18
1.12
1.07
1.11
1.14
1.16
1.06
1.07
1.12
1.06
1.07
1.12
1.23
1.21
1.08
1.11
1.13
1.16
1.08
1.10
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.14
1.07
1.09
1.21
1.21
1.40
1.16
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.23
1.11
1.14
1.06
1.22
1.10
1.29
1.12
1.15
1.13
1.13
1.10
1.26
Data acquired at Central Washington University
Each entry is a volume weighted average concentration of a three month period (Eqn. 2). Winter 199x is defined as Dec 199x-1 through Feb 199x. Spring is defined as Mar 199x
through May 199x. Summer is defined as June 199x thought Aug 199x. Fall is defined as Sept 199x through Nov 199x.
The column headed “[+/-]” is the ratio of cation to anion concentration
TableF6:FMarblemountFNADPFSiteFSeasonalFPrecipitationFData
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
15 of 24
TableF7:FTahomaFWoodsFNADPFSiteFSeasonalFPrecipitationFData
Season
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
Year
1999.75
2000.00
2000.25
2000.50
2000.75
2001.00
2001.25
2001.50
2001.75
2002.00
2002.25
2002.50
2002.75
2003.00
2003.25
2003.50
2003.75
2004.00
2004.25
2004.50
2004.75
2005.00
2005.25
2005.50
2005.75
2006.00
2006.25
2006.50
2006.75
2007.00
2007.25
2007.50
2007.75
2008.00
2008.25
2008.50
2008.75
2009.00
2009.25
2009.50
2009.75
2010.00
2010.25
2010.50
2010.75
2011.00
2011.25
2011.50
2011.75
2012.00
2012.25
2012.50
2012.75
2013.00
2013.25
2013.50
2013.75
2014.00
2014.25
Conductivity
µS/cm
2.99
3.97
6.78
10.12
7.05
6.02
6.95
5.41
5.39
4.21
5.45
5.41
10.34
3.28
4.61
7.91
4.89
3.68
4.82
3.52
5.61
6.51
3.95
6.83
5.55
3.81
5.56
5.54
4.03
4.56
5.15
6.60
4.55
3.35
5.76
6.12
3.48
3.00
4.89
5.67
4.35
2.94
5.09
6.39
4.02
3.52
4.12
6.42
4.68
5.42
2.91
4.09
3.75
3.98
3.78
4.55
5.03
4.18
3.16
H+
pH
5.33
5.26
5.05
4.79
4.89
5.08
4.99
5.01
5.09
5.28
5.21
5.24
4.79
5.34
5.27
5.13
5.23
5.30
5.20
5.26
5.15
5.00
5.29
5.00
5.12
5.32
5.12
5.07
5.21
5.34
5.12
4.99
5.19
5.36
5.19
4.98
5.27
5.32
5.32
5.06
5.27
5.36
5.34
5.03
5.26
5.34
5.32
5.04
5.29
5.40
5.37
5.41
5.26
5.32
5.42
5.37
5.33
5.41
5.44
4.67
5.52
8.95
16.41
12.94
8.36
10.35
9.73
8.13
5.25
6.18
5.77
16.11
4.59
5.40
7.43
5.87
5.05
6.37
5.55
7.08
10.05
5.13
10.00
7.60
4.75
7.66
8.55
6.17
4.58
7.66
10.33
6.40
4.38
6.49
10.57
5.33
4.78
4.81
8.77
5.42
4.37
4.59
9.44
5.45
4.53
4.75
9.23
5.15
4.00
4.27
3.88
5.56
4.80
3.80
4.29
4.68
3.91
3.67
Ca2+
0.60
0.90
1.75
1.45
0.95
2.00
1.90
1.30
1.10
1.00
1.35
1.25
2.00
0.75
1.70
3.94
1.50
0.85
1.70
0.75
1.45
1.25
2.50
1.90
1.50
2.40
2.25
2.79
0.85
1.90
1.85
1.80
1.30
1.00
2.00
1.30
0.80
0.90
3.14
1.55
1.35
1.90
3.44
1.55
1.00
0.75
1.70
1.45
0.95
1.70
1.40
1.85
0.80
1.00
1.75
1.85
1.20
0.80
1.30
Mg2+
0.33
0.82
2.63
2.47
0.66
1.73
1.73
0.49
1.07
1.48
1.89
1.73
1.15
0.82
1.32
1.32
1.65
0.90
1.23
0.33
2.22
1.48
0.82
1.32
1.56
0.99
0.90
0.66
1.23
2.63
1.48
1.07
1.32
0.99
2.14
0.91
0.82
0.82
2.47
0.66
1.81
0.91
2.55
1.56
1.48
1.65
1.81
1.89
2.88
4.11
0.91
0.82
1.65
2.30
1.81
0.99
2.96
2.80
1.15
Na+
1.65
4.39
12.31
12.44
3.31
8.70
7.22
1.83
5.26
7.79
9.44
5.79
5.61
4.00
5.87
2.96
8.44
5.31
6.09
1.74
10.96
7.53
3.13
5.05
7.61
5.13
2.92
2.22
6.09
13.09
6.57
4.13
6.96
6.09
9.88
4.44
4.09
4.44
11.01
2.18
9.44
4.35
11.31
6.92
7.31
7.57
7.05
6.96
12.53
18.92
3.39
2.22
6.96
10.01
7.13
2.05
12.79
12.18
4.57
K+
ueq/L
0.13
0.13
0.43
0.46
0.15
0.28
0.41
0.28
0.26
0.20
0.38
6.01
0.28
0.13
0.38
1.53
0.36
0.18
0.46
0.31
0.41
0.26
0.28
0.54
0.33
0.20
0.51
0.77
0.33
0.36
0.56
0.84
0.38
0.21
0.44
0.56
0.31
0.21
0.51
0.46
0.36
0.18
0.51
0.46
0.31
0.26
1.05
0.74
0.38
0.59
0.28
1.25
0.28
0.28
0.44
1.82
0.46
0.33
0.36
NH4+
0.55
0.72
1.94
1.33
0.83
1.39
1.83
1.88
1.66
0.83
1.66
2.38
7.21
0.83
2.94
19.46
1.83
0.78
3.49
1.66
0.89
1.33
2.27
4.71
0.94
0.28
3.77
2.94
0.67
0.44
2.11
5.99
1.77
0.39
2.44
0.67
1.16
0.50
1.77
7.76
1.00
0.78
3.33
3.94
0.55
0.67
3.38
5.77
0.89
0.83
1.94
8.65
0.94
0.55
2.83
9.59
1.77
0.55
2.77
SO427
2.23
2.77
8.44
14.58
10.54
5.79
9.44
7.87
6.48
2.92
5.33
5.79
12.85
2.00
4.35
11.79
4.54
2.02
5.60
3.94
5.00
2.75
3.87
8.62
4.02
2.02
5.44
5.04
4.00
3.46
4.79
7.96
5.08
1.79
6.90
7.73
2.88
2.35
6.21
8.73
3.81
1.98
5.67
7.62
3.31
2.48
4.29
8.52
3.94
3.75
2.63
4.29
2.92
3.00
4.02
5.83
4.48
2.52
2.94
NO37
1.84
2.79
4.52
4.77
3.60
5.36
5.44
3.69
3.26
2.65
4.13
5.32
14.50
2.00
4.94
17.10
3.56
2.89
5.11
3.29
3.48
3.11
3.24
7.39
2.92
1.63
6.61
4.39
2.10
1.87
5.36
7.66
2.95
1.65
4.11
4.23
2.82
1.73
2.92
7.61
2.40
2.08
4.79
6.73
2.15
1.90
3.27
7.13
1.97
2.24
2.26
8.23
2.18
1.95
2.76
6.24
2.90
1.45
2.21
Cl7
1.92
4.80
13.91
13.88
3.98
9.73
8.10
2.31
6.23
9.39
10.89
7.36
6.15
4.85
6.88
3.67
9.85
6.26
6.97
2.17
13.77
14.36
5.05
5.98
11.17
7.28
4.85
5.53
7.59
15.74
7.70
5.92
8.44
7.53
12.81
4.88
5.28
12.75
2.40
2.40
11.12
5.05
12.98
7.98
9.00
8.94
8.18
8.04
14.61
22.43
4.03
1.81
8.60
11.65
8.41
2.31
14.98
14.33
5.19
[+]/[7]
1.32
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.08
1.02
1.12
1.09
1.11
1.03
1.24
0.97
1.26
1.09
1.13
1.09
1.17
1.09
1.10
1.03
1.08
1.16
1.07
1.08
1.26
1.07
1.20
1.12
1.09
1.13
1.12
1.10
1.19
0.98
1.18
1.24
1.08
1.14
1.14
1.12
1.37
1.10
1.07
1.11
1.16
1.25
1.10
1.11
1.06
1.37
1.30
1.18
1.14
1.17
1.43
1.07
1.12
1.34
Data acquired at Central Washington University
Each entry is a volume weighted average concentration of a three month period (Eqn. 2). Winter 199x is defined as Dec 199x-1 through Feb 199x.
Spring is defined as Mar 199x through May 199x. Summer is defined as June 199x thought Aug 199x. Fall is defined as Sept 199x through Nov 199x.
The column headed “[+/-]” is the ratio of cation to anion concentration
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
16 of 24
40
25
Hoh
20
Observed SO
24
Observed SO
Trend Line Equation:
Model
Trend
35
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
La Grande
30
2-
SO =-29.709+0.017675*year, P-value: 0.467
24
2-
SO =736.91-0.36392*year, P-value: 0.000
4
4
SO
2-
25
15
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
20
4
(µeq/L)
Seasonal P-value: 0.061
10
15
10
5
5
0
35
0
60
Marblemount
Observed SO
2-
Model
Trend
50
Model
Trend
24
2-
SO =452.60-0.22285*year, P-value: 0.000
SO =499.10-0.24626*year, P-value: 0.000
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.006
20
30
15
SO
4
(µeq/L)
Trend Line Equation:
25
2-
2-
Observed SO
30
Trend Line Equation:
40
Mt Rainier
4
20
10
10
5
0
0
35
1989
Tahoma Woods
Observed SO
24
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
30
Trend Line Equation:
2-
25
SO =463.42-0.22828*year, P-value: 0.001
4
2-
SO
4
(µeq/L)
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
20
15
10
5
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 2: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for SO 42precipitation concentrations at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
17 of 24
25
25
Hoh
La Grande
-
Observed NO
3
Model
Trend
20
-
Observed NO
3
20
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
-
NO =165.00-0.079635*year, P-value: 0.002
3
Trend Line Equation:
-
15
NO =1.2641+0.00025927*year, P-value: 0.973
3
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
3
-
NO (µeq/L)
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
25
35
Marblemount
Mt Rainier
-
Observed NO
Observed NO
30
-
3
3
Model
Trend
Model
Trend
20
Trend Line Equation:
-
25
NO =252.11-0.12421*year, P-value: 0.000
Trend Line Equation:
3
-
NO =209.69-0.10188*year, P-value: 0.000
3
-
3
NO (µeq/L)
20
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
15
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
15
10
10
5
5
0
25
0
1989
Tahoma Woods
Observed NO
Trend Line Equation:
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
-
3
20
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
-
NO =390.06-0.19219*year, P-value: 0.017
3
-
Seasonal P-value: 0.073
3
NO (µeq/L)
15
10
5
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 3: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for NO 3precipitation concentrations at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
18 of 24
20
Observed H+
Model
Trend
Hoh
Trend Line Equation:
+
H =--47.183+.026056*year, P-value: 0.088
15
60
Observed H+
Model
Trend
La Grande
Trend Line Equation:
50
+
H =461.86-0.22618*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
H (µeq/L)
40
10
+
30
20
5
10
0
100
0
Observed H+
Model
Trend
Marblemount
80
60
Mt Rainier
50
Trend Line Equation:
+
H =298.37-0.14470*year, P-value: 0.002
+
Measured H
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+
H =1372.1-0.68044*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.027
40
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
30
+
H (µeq/L)
60
40
20
20
10
0
35
0
60
Tahoma Woods
+
Observed H
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
30
Trend Line Equation:
Mt Rainier
Adjusted H
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
50
+
+
H =496.89-0.24541*year, P-value: 0.000
+
25
H =648.43-0.31971*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.016
+
H (µeq/L)
Seasonal P-value: 0.001
40
20
30
15
20
10
10
5
0
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 4a: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for H
precipitation concentrations at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
+
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
19 of 24
7
7
Observed pH
Model
Model
Hoh
6
Trend Line Equation:
pH=11.163-0.0029194*year, P-value: 0.02
6
pH
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Trend Line Equation:
pH=-18.137+0.011601*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
5
5
4
4
3
3
7
7
Marblemount
Trend Line Equation:
pH=-11.139+0.0081132*year, P-value: 0.000
6
Observed pH
Model
Trend
La Grande
6
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Measured pH
Model
Trend
Mt Rainier
Observed pH
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
pH=-72.070+0.038540*year, P-value: 0.000
pH
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
5
5
4
4
3
3
7
7
6
Trend Line Equation:
pH=-33.515+0.019291*year, P-value: 0.000
Adjusted pH
Model
Trend
Mt Rainier
Observed pH
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
Tahoma Woods
6
pH
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
5
5
4
4
Trend Line Equation:
pH=-27.456+0.016389*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.009
3
3
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
1989
2012
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 4b: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for
pH values of precipitation at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
20 of 24
10
20
Hoh
8
Observed NH
La Grande
+
4
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+
15
4
(µeq/L)
Seasonal P-value: 0.635
+
4
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
NH =27.181-0.013131*year, P-value: 0.038
+
NH =38.687-0.017741*year, P-value: 0.399
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
6
10
NH
4
+
Observed NH
4
5
2
0
0
30
30
Marblemount
25
Observed NH
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+
Mt Rainier
4
Observed NH
Model
Trend
25
+
NH =107.83-0.052652*year, P-value: 0.012
+
4
Trend Line Equation:
4
+
20
NH =-213.98+0.10836*year, P-value: 0.053
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.005
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
30
0
NH
+
Seasonal P-value: 0.001
4
(µeq/L)
20
Tahoma Woods
Observed NH
1989
+
1993
1998
2003
2007
2012
4
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
25
Trend Line Equation:
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.112
15
NH
+
+
NH =77.837-0.037458*year, P-value: 0.57
4
(µeq/L)
20
10
5
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 5: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for NH
+
4
precipitation concentrations at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
21 of 24
10
10
Hoh
8
Observed Ca
Model
Trend
2+
Trend Line Equation:
8
Observed Ca
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
Ca =-13.170+0.0074278*year, P-value: 0.433
Seasonal P-value: 0.011
Seasonal P-value: 0.004
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
Ca
2+
6
2+
2+
Ca =-40.594+0.021160*year, P-value: 0.017
2+
(µeq/L)
La Grande
14
12
Marblemount
Observed Ca
Model
Trend
2+
14
Mt Rainier
Observed Ca
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
12
2+
Ca =31.316-0.014923*year, P-value: 0.192
2+
Trend Line Equation:
2+
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
Seasonal P-value: 0.282
Ca
2+
(µeq/L)
10
Ca =191.54-0.094241*year, P-value: 0.006
Seasonal P-value: 0.104
14
12
Tahoma Woods
Observed Ca
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
Trend Line Equation:
2+
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
2+
Ca =15.477-0.0069371*year, P-value: 0.702
Seasonal P-value: 0.064
8
Ca
2+
(µeq/L)
10
6
4
2
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 6: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for Ca
precipitation concentrations at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
2+
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
22 of 24
5
5
Hoh
4
La Grande
Observed [+]/[-]
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+/- =-.74674+0.00090965*year, P-value: 0.225
4
Trend Line Equation:
+/- =-17.888+0.0094736*year, P-value: 0.000
+/- ion ratio
Seasonal P-value: 0.996
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
5
0
5
Mt Rainier
Observed [+]/[-]
Model
Model
Marblemount
4
Trend Line Equation:
+/- =-11.889+0.0064894*year, P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
3
+/- ion ratio
Adjusted [+]/[-]
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+/- =-31.229+0.016214*year, P-value: 0.030
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
3
2
2
1
1
0
5
0
Observed [+]/[-]
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
Tahoma Woods
4
Observed [+]/[-]
Model
Trend
1989
1993
1998
2003
2007
2012
Year
Trend Line Equation:
+/- =-14.312+0.0076992*year, P-value: 0.008
Seasonal P-value: 0.135
+/- ion ratio
3
2
1
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Figure 7: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for [+]/[-] charge
ratio in precipitation at 4 NADP sites and at Mt. Rainier.
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
23 of 24
20
Trend Line Equation:
cond.=232.67-0.11307*year, P-value: 0.000
15
Observed Conductivity
Model
Trend
Marblemount
30
Trend Line Equation:
cond.=169.47-0.081866*year, P-value: 0.002
25
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Conductivity (µs/cm)
20
35
Observed Conductivity
Model
Trend
La Grande
Observed Conductivity
Model
Trend
Mt Rainier
Trend Line Equation:
cond.=614.43-0.30415*year, P-value: 0.000
15
Seasonal P-value: 0.000
Seasonal P-value: 0.038
20
10
10
15
10
5
5
5
0
0
5
5
4
Observed K
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
4
+
K =-20.479+0.010528*year, P-value: 0.005
+
Observed K
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+
Marblemount
Observed K
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
8
+
K =-22.038+0.011299*year, P-value: .014
Seasonal P-value: 0.579
Seasonal P-value: 0.029
+
K =-40.403+0.020408*year, P-value: 0.027
Seasonal P-value: 0.538
3
3
6
2
2
4
1
1
2
0
0
+
K (µeq/L)
10
La Grande
+
Hoh
0
0
6
2+
Marblemount
Observed Mg
Model
Trend
5
Observed Mg
Model
Trend
Mt. Rainier
Trend Line Equation:
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
2+
2+
Mg =-93.8172+.0475*year, P-value: .0330
Mg =55.159-0.026976*year, P-value: 0.000
4
Seasonal P-value: 0.273
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
Seasonal P-value: .015
Mg
2+
(µeq/L)
2+
Tahoma Woods
5
Trend Line Equation:
4
1989
6
1989
Marblemount
15
Observed Na
Model
Trend
Trend Line Equation:
+
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
+
Na =170.09-0.082658*year, P-value: 0.007
10
+
Na (µeq/L)
Seasonal P-value: 0.302
5
Figure 8: Observed, Modeled and Trend including Trend Line Equation for
analytes with significant trends which are not represented in Figures 1-7
0
1989
1993
1998
2003
Year
2007
2012
Central Washington University Chemical Analysis Laboratory
Ellensburg, WA 9892
Report completed 8/18/2015
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