Memorandum of Understanding
Between
Pacific Northwest Wildfire Coordinating Group
And
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service, Western Region
For
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is entered into by the Pacific Northwest Wildfire
Coordinating Group, hereinafter known as PNWCG, which consists of:
State of Oregon, Department of Forestry;
State of Washington, Department of Natural Resources;
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region;
USDI, National Park Service, Pacific West Region;
USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region;
USDI, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland Area Office;
USDI, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington
and the
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service, hereinafter known as the NWS,
which is authorized to enter into this agreement pursuant to 15 USC 313.
Hereinafter, PNWCG and the NWS will be known as Parties to this Agreement.
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this MOU is to implement the findings and recommendations of the
Modernization and Transition Committee (MTC), dated September 29, 1999 and December 8,
1999. The findings and recommendations are shown in Exhibit A and provide the foundation
upon which this agreement is based.
The September 29 consultation outlines the type of fire weather support that should be provided,
i.e., additional forecaster positions beyond end state staffing levels for fire weather support and
advocating permanent and dedicated fire weather forecasters. The December 8 MTC
consultation provides recommendations regarding the qualifications of forecasters and describes
the circumstances in which they are expected to provide fire weather services while staffing fire
weather shifts, (recommends fire weather as the primary shift responsibility and that the shifts be
staffed by fire weather qualified forecasters, although forecasters may perform other duties as
long as such duties do not compromise fire weather responsibilities).
This MOU provides a framework for cooperation and commitment by the PNWCG and the NWS
to improve fire weather services and to document standards for forecasts and services.
II. MUTUAL INTERESTS AND BENEFITS
Federal agencies and the NWS have entered into a national Interagency Agreement for Fire
Weather to cooperate in systems of fire weather and fire behavior predictive services essential to
the success of fire management actions.
The NWS has staffing available at its Weather Forecast Offices to provide fire weather services
per the MTC certification documents shown in Exhibit A. PNWCG maintains fire management
organizations in need of fire weather services.
Fire weather services are a critical building block to fire management agencies in decisionmaking because human lives and valuable natural resources are at risk. It is the mission of the
NWS to provide fire weather services and products to fire managers. It is the mission of the fire
management agencies to analyze and interpret fire weather forecasts into fire behavior
predictions when making decisions essential to the success of fire management actions.
It is to the mutual advantage of PNWCG and NWS and in the public interest and for firefighter
safety to coordinate efforts for weather services for fire management activities in the Pacific
Northwest to minimize duplication of efforts and improve efficiency and effectiveness.
Words and phrases used herein may have different meanings for different readers. To
establish a common understanding, words and phrases as used in this document are defined
in the Glossary of Terms, Exhibit B.
III.
THE NWS SHALL:
Make best efforts to meet the PNWCG required Forecast and Service Standards as shown in
Exhibit C recognizing the data sets from which the standards were established and the goal to
continually improve forecasts. The season review described in Section V of this agreement will
be used to evaluate progress towards meeting these PNWCG standards and any NWS program
improvements that are needed to enable the NWS to achieve these standards will be implemented
prior to the following fire season.
Provide PNWCG with fire weather services by forecasters who meet the Fire Weather Forecaster
Proficiency and Currency Standards, cooperatively developed by PNWCG and NWS, listed in
Exhibit D.
Provide a qualified fire weather forecaster at the Northwest Interagency Coordination Center for
40 hours per week during fire season (approximately March 1 through October 31) in accordance
with applicable legal and administrative requirements. Specific dates and the names of
forecasters who are assigned to the NWCC for that purpose will be provided by the Portland
NWS WFO MIC after consultation with the NWCC annually by February 1. The application of
Proficiency and Currency Standards listed in Exhibit D shall apply.
Maintain staffing and services for the fire weather program, pursuant to the MTC findings and
recommendations in Exhibit A, until the NWS has the advanced operational technology in place
and demonstrates its ability to provide fire weather services equal to those prior to the
implementation of Modernization and Restructuring (MAR). Emergencies which may take
priority over some or all of the fire forecaster’s fire weather related duties thereby requiring the
immediate assistance of the fire weather forecaster, are described as "Category One Priority"
products in the NWS Western Region ROML "Prioritizing Products and Associated Activities
for Western Region WFOs," as shown in Exhibit E. Non-emergency, non-fire weather related
duties described as "Category Two Priority” and “Category Three Priority” products in the NWS
Western Region ROML "Prioritizing Products and Associated Activities for Western Region
WFOs," may be performed by forecasters on a dedicated fire shift only if such duties do not
compromise their fire weather responsibilities. Any changes to this ROML that affect fire
weather services shall not be made without consultation of the PNWCG.
Seek the advice and counsel of the fire agencies prior to developing proposed alterations in the
fire weather program and services provided in Oregon and Washington. NWS-developed
proposals shall be provided to PNWCG for review, assessment, and comment prior to adoption
and implementation. NWS shall consider any concerns expressed by PNWCG, especially as
related to performance integrity, in its assessment of change proposals in the fire weather
program and other services provided.
3
IV.
PNWCG SHALL:
Provide coordination and recommendations for interagency fire weather activities in Oregon and
Washington through the PNWCG Weather Working Team. By authority of the PNWCG, the
Weather Working Team is assigned the responsibility to administer and implement the
provisions of this agreement.
Review the baseline and standards shown in Exhibit C for applicability after the first year of this
agreement and as needed thereafter.
Provide weather observations seven days a week during fire season and coordinate and cooperate
with the NWS in fire weather forecasting. The agencies will seek the advice and counsel of the
NWS regarding observational issues (e.g. moving remote automatic weather stations).
Provide work space and office equipment to the dedicated NWS fire weather forecaster
stationed at the Northwest Coordination Center. In addition, in accordance with applicable
legal and administrative requirements, PNWCG may provide other opportunities to NWS
employees for assignments to the Northwest Coordination Center or state offices during the
fire season to the extent desired by the NWS. These opportunities will be coordinated
between the NWS offices and the receiving office.
Recognize that other severe weather emergencies may require the services of the fire weather
forecaster to assist in WFO operations.
V.
BOTH PARTIES SHALL:
Work cooperatively as equal partners in the development, application and implementation of fire
weather services to assure full compliance with mutually established performance, reliability,
priority, and time standards.
Recognize that lands for which the States are responsible for wildland fire protection in
Oregon and Washington, and the lands for which the respective Federal Agencies are
responsible, are intermingled or adjacent in some areas, and wildland fires on these
intermingled or adjacent lands may present a threat to the lands of the other.
Prepare an Annual Operating Plan (AOP) that includes each WFO with fire weather areas of
responsibility in Oregon and Washington as required in the National Fire Weather
Agreement. Development and maintenance of the AOP is a shared responsibility between
the local land management program managers and the MIC of the servicing WFOs. At a
minimum, the AOP will include the items listed in Appendix I of the National Agreement
which is shown in Exhibit F. Additional requirements noted in this agreement or resulting
from annual reviews will apply to all WFOs that serve Washington and Oregon. The AOP
provides the outline and details of fire weather products and services for local areas. As
such, the annual operating plan can amplify but will not fundamentally modify the basic
4
responsibilities of this agreement. The AOP will be developed annually no later than March
1. The AOP shall include a signatory page on which a representative from PNWCG and the
NWS will sign.
Map and describe NWS fire weather forecast zones and boundaries by March 1, 2002 that will be
assigned to WFOs. Zones may be periodically reviewed in the future. The zones will be
included in the AOP.
Review the progress of the NWS in meeting baseline standards and progress towards meeting the
NWS Director's visions and goals statement that projects a 30% or greater increase in accuracy
by 2005. Each WFO's program will be evaluated on a seasonal basis using the parameters
described in Exhibits C and D. The parties will evaluate and compare individual fire season
statistics to PNWCG requirements and end-of-season customer evaluations to determine what
program adjustments are needed and appropriate.
Conduct the review stated above and evaluate fire weather services for Oregon and Washington
and recommend improvements. The PNWCG Weather Working Team and the NWS MICs from
Boise, Medford, Pendleton, Portland, Seattle and Spokane shall conduct the review. The
PNWCG and the NWS shall meet bi-annually in February and November. The February meeting
will decide on changes in fire weather services for the upcoming fire weather season, which will
be reflected in AOP. The November meeting will evaluate the past season fire weather services
from WFOs and recommend changes for the next fire season. The evaluation and
recommendations shall be contained in a written report to the PNWCG Chairperson and Western
Region Regional Director and be delivered no later than December 15.
Respond to the other party's proposals within thirty (30) days, or advise the other party when the
proposal will be addressed if the NWS or the Weather Working Team are unable to meet or
discuss the proposal within their respective groups in that time frame. Except when necessary to
meet emergency needs, significant proposals are expected to be discussed at the biannual
meetings
Recognize the primary role of the States in administering smoke management plans in their
respective states.
Allow, as permitted by law, one another the use of communications systems such as radio
frequencies, computer system access, data transmission lines, and communication sites when
there is a mutual benefit to both Parties.
Cooperate and coordinate plans for the weather-related training of fire personnel and fire weather
forecasters to ensure that training needs are met.
5
VI.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
PRINCIPAL CONTACTS. The NWS contact for agreement administration issues will be
Meteorological Service Division Chief. The PNWCG Weather Working Team chairman will be
the contact for the fire agencies. The names, addresses and phone numbers of the respective
individuals will be provided to the partner entity by February 1 of each year. In relation to the
NWS position serving at the NWCC, the contacts will be the NWCC Fire Weather Program
Manager and the MIC at NWS Portland.
BI-ANNUAL REVIEWS. The parties will meet in February and November each year to review
matters of mutual concern and review the AOP described in Section V, above.
MODIFICATION. This agreement is a consolidated document applicable to all WFOs that
provide service to PNWCG. NWS regional or WFO proposed amendments to this document will
be submitted to the PNWCG through Western Region Headquarters for review and approval by
PNWCG. PNWCG proposed amendments to this document will be submitted to the NWS
Western Region for review and approval prior to effect or implementation. No amendments will
be implemented or effective until approved and signed by (1) the Director, NWS Western Region
and (2) the Chairman, PNWCG Steering Committee.
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA). Any information furnished under this
instrument is subject to the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552).
TERMINATION. Either Party, in writing, may terminate this instrument in whole, or in part,
before the date of expiration, by providing sixty (60) days advance written notice. Neither Party
may terminate this Agreement between March 1 and November 1 of any year.
PARTICIPATION IN SIMILAR ACTIVITIES. This instrument in no way restricts the PNWCG
or the NWS from participating in similar activities with other public or private agencies,
organizations, and individuals.
COMPLETION DATE. This instrument is executed as of the date of last signature and, unless
sooner terminated, is effective for five years after the date of the last signature, at which time it
will expire unless renewed.
NON-FUND OBLIGATING DOCUMENT. This instrument is neither a fiscal nor a funds
obligation document. Any endeavor or transfer of anything of value involving reimbursement or
contribution of funds between the parties to this instrument will be handled in accordance with
applicable laws, regulations, and procedures including those for Government procurement and
printing. Such endeavors will be outlined in separate agreements that shall be made in writing by
representatives of the parties and shall be independently authorized by appropriate statutory
authority. This instrument does not provide such authority. Specifically, this instrument does
6
not establish authority for noncompetitive award to the cooperator of any contract or other
agreement. Any contract or agreement for training or other services must fully comply with all
applicable requirements for competition. In addition, all parties' participation in this MOU is
subject to the availability of appropriated funds.
RESOLUTION OF DISAGREEMENTS. Both parties will work together to resolve problems in
“near-real time.” Concerns from either party will be brought to the attention of the appropriate
management level as soon as possible for resolution. Problems will be brought forward in a
timely manner. Should disagreement arise on the interpretation of the provisions of this
agreement, or amendments and/or revisions thereto, that cannot be resolved at a particular
working level, the area(s) of disagreement shall be stated in writing by each party and presented
to the other party for consideration. If agreement on interpretation is not reached, the parties
shall forward the written presentation of the disagreement to respective higher officials for
appropriate resolution.
7
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Signature Page
_/s/Mark Forbes_______
Chairman, PNWCG
_/s/Vickie L. Nadolski_
Director, National Weather Service, Western Region
_3/28/01______________
Date
_3/20/01 ____________
Date
8
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT A
Modernization and Transition Committee Findings
MODERNIZATION TRANSITION COMMITTEE
Completion of Final Consultation of Certifications
for:
WSO Olympia (FW), WA Closure
WSO Wenatchee (FW), WA Closure
The Modernization Transition Committee (MTC) has reviewed the certifications listed above.
One public comment, relating to both offices was received during the 60-day public comment
period in response to the notice published in the Federal Register. The concerns expressed by the
Pacific Northwest Wildfire Coordination Group (composed of local/state/federal agencies) have
been addressed by the National Weather Service (NWS).
The MTC recommends these certifications be approved with the following understanding. The
MTC endorsement to close these weather offices does not relieve the NWS of their responsibility
to retain transitional staffing for the Fire Weather program. As outlined in the "Report of the Fire
Weather Team," June 11, 1998, the transitional staffing must be retained until NWS has the
advanced operational technology in place and demonstrates its support to the satisfaction of the
fire weather customers.
[s] Peter R. Leavitt
9/29/99
Peter R. Leavitt
Chair, Modernization
Transition Committee
Date
9
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT A (continued)
Modernization and Transition Committee Findings
MODERNIZATION TRANSITION COMMITTEE
Consultation of Certifications
for:
WSO Redding, CA
WSO Riverside (FW), CA
WSO Salem (FW), OR
Consolidation/Automation/Closure
Closure
Closure
The Modernization Transition Committee (MTC) has reviewed issues associated with closing
offices having fire weather forecasting responsibilities. We consider fire weather forecasting a
unique responsibility because lives are placed at risk. Many long-term concerns about fire
weather forecasting remain and cannot be resolved in time to allow the MTC to act on some of
the closings. During the review, we learned that 37 additional interim FTEs have been
authorized to support the fire weather forecasting mission nationwide during the transition. The
MTC does not believe the use of core forecasters will provide adequate support for the fire
weather mission. The MTC advocates permanent and dedicated fire weather forecasters to
ensure adequate support for fire weather activities. These dedicated forecasters would be in
addition to the end state staffing level.
The MTC requests copies of fire weather forecasters' position description and core
meteorologists' position description having fire weather responsibilities.
In addition, the NWS must honor the Interagency Agreement with the California Wildfire
Coordination Group and not transfer personnel or fire weather responsibilities from the Redding
and Riverside Geographical Area Coordination Centers (GACC) until a mutually acceptable
transfer plan has been developed and implemented. The MTC also requested a plan for the
Pacific Northwest fire weather transition.
[s] Peter R. Leavitt
9/29/99
Peter R. Leavitt
Chair, Modernization
Transition Committee
Date
10
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT A (continued)
Modernization and Transition Committee Findings
MODERNIZATION TRANSITION COMMITTEE
COMPLETION OF Final Consultation of Certifications
for:
WSO Salem (FW), OR
Closure
The Modernization Transition Committee (MTC0 has reviewed the closure certification listed
above. One public comment was received during the comment period in response to the notices
published in the Federal Register. The MTC also reviewed a letter from the Pacific Northwest
Wildfire Coordinating Group (PNWCG) dated December 6, 1999. The concerns expressed are
being addressed and an agreement between the National Weather Service (NWS) and the
PNWCG is to be developed.
The MTC recommends closure of the Salem WSO contingent upon the NWS and the PNWCG
reaching agreement on how fire weather services will be provided in the States of Washington
and Oregon. The MTC recommends that NWS offices in the Pacific Northwest staff a shift
whose primary responsibilities are the provision of fire weather forecasts and services, and that
these shifts be staffed by fire weather qualified forecasters, as determined by the application of
proficiency and currency standards. The Meteorologist In Charge may assign other duties in a
manner, which will not compromise the integrity of the fire weather services.
[s] Peter R. Leavitt
Dec. 8, 1999
Peter R. Leavitt
Chair, Modernization
Transition Committee
Date
11
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT B
Glossary of Terms
Annual Operating Plan (AOP): A plan developed and maintained as a shared responsibility
between the local fire management program managers, the PNWCG Weather Working Team and
the MIC of the servicing WFO.
Competency: A combination of knowledge, skills, and abilities which; when acquired, allows a
person to perform a task or function at a specifically defined level of proficiency. “Interagency Fire
Program Management Qualifications Guide.”
Currency: The amount of time interval, or frequency spent performing a task or function to
maintain proficiency.
Customer: A user of fire weather services and products.
Dedicated fire weather staffing: A staffing configuration which utilizes a “Dedicated Fire Weather
Forecaster” who is devoted to providing the needed fire weather products and services. The MIC
may assign other duties in a manner which will not compromise the integrity of the fire weather
services per Western Region ROML W-8-00 and sections of this agreement.
Interagency: Involvement of two or more agencies party to this Agreement.
Northwest Interagency Coordination Center (NWCC): The fire coordination center operated by
PNWCG agencies, located in Portland.
Proficiency: Well advanced in the science of meteorology and fire weather with competency in the
production and delivery of fire weather products and services that have been proven and accepted.
Unit Administrator: Individual assigned administrative responsibility for an established
organizational unit, e.g.:
Forest Supervisor for the Forest Service
District Manager for the Bureau of Land Management
Agency Superintendent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs
Park Superintendent for the National Park Service
Refuge Manager (Project Leader) for Fish and Wildlife Service
Region Manager for State of Washington Department of Natural Resources
District Forester for State of Oregon Department of Forestry
Meteorologist in Charge for the National Weather Service.
12
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT C
Forecast and Service Standards
A. NFDRS Forecast Proficiency Standards
The following standards are based on the minimum expected improvement over persistence forecast
on an annual basis for zone averages or key stations within a fire weather zone based upon John
Werth’s forecast verification program as modified by Tom Eggers (Boise WFO) for AWIPS
(FWXVER, Version 1.0):
Parameter
**Annual Minimum Baseline
Improvement over persistence forecast
Temperature:
Relative Humidity:
Wind speed:
Fuel moisture:
35%
25%
10%
15%
**(VISION 2005 National Weather Service Strategic Plan for Weather,
Water, and Climate Services 2000 - 2005 specifies a goal of 30%
improvement by 2005, which is in addition to the improvements noted
above)
B. Narrative Forecast Accuracy and Resolution Requirements
STATE OF WEATHER: A number on a scale of 0-9, which describes the weather.
Accuracy required is +/- one code figure for codes 0-8. Accuracy required for code 9 is
correctly forecasting it 85% of the time.
AIR TEMPERATURE: Accuracy required is +/- 5 degrees (F), 90% of the time.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Accuracy required varies based on the RH as follows, but all must
be met 90% of the time.
RH <30%
RH 30-50%
RH > 50%
+/-4%
+/-7%
+/-10%
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION: Wind is measured at 20 feet above ground or 20 feet
above the average height of the vegetative cover. Accuracy required is +/- 5 mph and +/- 30
degrees direction, 90% of the time.
WETTING RAIN: A "yes" or "no" field, correct 80% of the time.
LIGHTNING: To be established.
TRANSPORT WINDS: (Washington only) The mean wind speed and direction within an
13
atmospheric layer bounded by the surface and such elevations which are determined to be
significant for local user agency smoke management purposes. Accuracy required is +/- 5
mph and +/- 30 degrees direction, 90% of the time.
MIXING DEPTH: (Washington only) The maximum depth as calculated above the terrain
surface. Accuracy required is +/- 500 feet, 90% of the time.
C. Spot Forecasts for Wildfires
Spot forecasts for wildfires will be received as soon as possible, but at least within forty-five
(45) minutes of request time. Parameter accuracy will be at least as good as that required in
narrative forecasts. These additional requirements will also be met.
INVERSIONS: Height above ground level of the bottom and top of inversions. Accuracy
required is +/-500 feet with the time of the inversion dissipation/breakdown +/- one hour and
accurate 80% of the time. This standard applies to spot forecasts (when information is
requested) and wildfires.
FREEZING LEVEL OF THE FREE AIR: Height above ground level of the 32-degree (F)
isotherm during the forecast period. Accuracy required is +/-500 feet 90% of the time. This
standard applies to spot forecasts (when information is requested) and wildfires.
D. Special Forecasts for Prescribed Fires and other activities
Spot forecasts for prescribed fires and forecasts for other projects will be received within sixty
(60) minutes of the time of request unless the requesting individual agrees to the receipt of the
forecast at a later time.
E. Red Flag Warning and Fire Weather Watch

There will be a working knowledge of locally developed red flag criteria.

The average lead-time on red flag warnings will be at least six (6) hours for wind and
relative humidity related warnings and two (2) hours for dry lightning events. Lead-time
requirements may change as a result of agreements reached at the February and
November semi-annual meetings.

Fire weather watches will be issued 12 to 72 hours in advance of an expected event. Fire
weather watches may be issued in the 0-12 hour time frame for dry lightning.

The number of warnings will not exceed the number of watches. At least 60% of all red
flag warnings will be preceded by a fire weather watch.
14

Verification standards will be based on Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm
Ratio (FAR) and Critical Success Index (CSI) values. POD, FAR and CSI for red flag
warnings and fire weather watches will be determined with the statistical significance of
the numbers being considered. Calculations of the statistics are described below.
1. Specific verification methods will be jointly developed no later than the November,
2001 semi-annual meeting and agreed upon by the NWS and PNWCG at the
February, 2002 meeting. Methods include, but are not limited to, the stations to use
in verification and the use of lightning detection systems that will be incorporated in
the verification.
2. Specific verification criteria will be jointly developed no later than the November,
2001 semi-annual meeting and agreed upon by the NWS and PNWCG at the
February, 2002 meeting. Criteria include the actual values of POD, FAR and CSI for
each WFO and will be included in the Annual Operating Plan. Separate threshold
criteria will be developed for warnings and watches for: 1) wind and relative
humidity, and 2) dry lightning. Different criteria may exist for each WFO forecast
area as agreed upon with PNWCG and local areas.

Statistical Calculations
Red Flag Event
Yes
No
Forecast
A
C
Not Forecast
B
N/A
POD= A/(A+B). This is the fraction of the actual events correctly forecast. The more
often an event is correctly forecast, the better the score. The best score is 1.0. The worst
score is 0.
FAR= C/(A+C). This is the fraction of all forecasts that were incorrect. The more often
an event is forecast and does not occur, the worse the score. The best score is 0. The
worst score is 1.0.
CSI= A/(A+B+C). This is the ratio of correct forecasts to the number of events plus the
number of incorrect forecasts. The best score is 1.0. The worst score is 0.
F. Briefings and Consultation
Briefings and consultation shall be short, concise presentations that highlight the fire weather
problems of the day and the extended period.
Internet briefings: The briefings will be timely and the forecaster trained in the technology
used to present the forecast. The briefings will be well prepared, recognizing the critical fire
weather patterns.
15
G. Training
Weather training requested of the NWS by the fire community will be provided to the fire
community in support of fire danger and fire behavior training. All requests for training in
the Pacific Northwest will be met when at least three weeks notice has been given to the
NWS. Training requests received by the NWS with less than three weeks notice shall be met
to the maximum extent possible. All training applicable to a specific administrative area will
be provided by a fire weather forecaster whose office forecasts for that administrative area to
the maximum extent possible.
H. IMET Dispatches and ATMU support
All IMET and ATMU dispatch requests are met. The IMET will be en route within twelve
(12) hours of request time. If IMET travel arrangements have not been finalized within 12
hours by the requesting agency, the IMET will be enroute as soon as travel arrangements have
been finalized.
16
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT D
Fire Weather Forecaster Proficiency and Currency
A. Proficiency
1. Completion of fire weather forecaster training requirements (defined in ROML W-20-99). In
addition, items 7,8 and 9 under the Meteorologist Baseline column in appendix B will be required
for this agreement.
2. Work no less than five (5) shifts with a qualified fire weather forecaster, handling all duties of
that shift including (but no limited to) the preparation and issuance of:
-routine fire weather forecasts (pre-suppression).
-spot forecasts
-briefings
-non-routine forecasts
As many training shifts as possible should be worked during the critical fire weather season
3. WFO Fire Weather Program Leader and appropriate WFO Meteorologist-in-Charge concur and
sign off on proficiency.
B. Currency
1. The forecaster has prepared and issued 15 fire weather forecasts in past twelve months
2. The forecaster has prepared and issued 10 percent of office spots or five (5) spots in the past
twelve months or has completed an IMET assignment.
C. Proficiency Renewal
Purpose: To renew fire weather proficiency of a forecaster if they have not met currency standards
in element B.
1. Forecaster works no less than three (3) shifts with a qualified fire weather forecaster or
successfully complete drill(s), which includes key aspects of local fire weather program.
2. WFO Fire Weather Program Leader and WFO Meteorologist-in-Charge concur and sign off on
proficiency.
17
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT E
NWS Western Region ROML
W-8-00
Date March 20, 2000
W/WR1
A-10
Prioritizing Products and Associated Activities for Western Region WFOs
This ROML replaces WR ROML WR-13-97 and is filed with WSOM Chapter A-10, Station Management
PURPOSE: This Regional Operation Manual Letter (ROML) provides guidance for prioritizing products
and activities associated with the preparation and dissemination of those products at National Weather
Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs). For the purposes of this ROML Nexrad Weather
Service Forecast Offices (NWSFOs) and Nexrad Weather Service Offices (NWSOs) will be referred to as
WFOs. This ROML applies to both normal operations and during back-up.
Forecasters must use sound professional judgment in prioritizing warnings, watches, statements, and
forecasts as they impact the NWS mission of protecting life and property. Since written instructions
cannot address every situation, operational personnel must exercise initiative and professional judgment to
minimize the risk to public safety. Protection of life and property takes precedence in all situations.
INSTRUCTIONS: To assist WFOs in prioritizing office duties including public, river, aviation, marine,
and fire weather, the following is guidance for warnings, watches, and other products that have priority.
WFOs may expand upon this guidance to incorporate guidelines which meet unique local requirements, as
appropriate. WFO management officials and shift leaders shall remain mindful of the need to proactively
augment WFO staffing during major weather events/severe weather/fire outbreaks in their County Warning
and Forecast Area.
Products and associated support activities have been subdivided into three categories. Time sensitivity was
taken into consideration as to the products ranking. Individual circumstances may change the ranking or
category of products.
CATEGORY ONE PRIORITY: These products are considered critical to saving lives and property. They
should be prepared and disseminated as quickly and accurately as possible. Overtime is authorized for
their preparation and dissemination.
CATEGORY TWO PRIORITY: These products should not be delayed for more than one hour. Overtime
is authorized to avoid excessive delays in their preparation and dissemination.
CATEGORY THREE PRIORITY: These are products that can be delayed until all higher priority products
have been issued. When these products cannot be issued in a timely manner, the product header should be
transmitted with the message that the PRODUCT IS DELAYED - ESTIMATED TIME OF NEXT
ISSUANCE IS xx A.M./P.M. Overtime is not authorized.
Prioritization of services and activities associated with the preparation and dissemination of a product are
ranked the same as the product. For example, collecting or making calls to spotters associated with a
severe thunderstorm, the dissemination of the severe thunderstorm warning, and recording the warning
over NOAA Weather Radio have the same priority with regard to services and activities as the severe
thunderstorm warning. The product list is generic in nature and is not an attempt to categorize all NWS
generated services.
18
CATEGORY ONE PRIORITY: The following products and services are deemed critical to saving lives
and property. In the event two or more priority one products are required, the order of completion will
depend upon which event presents the greatest risk to life and property. For example a spot forecast for an
emerging wildfire which threatens an urban wildland interface may present a higher risk of threat to life
than a severe thunderstorm with 3/4" hail, and hence, the spot should be issued first. Forecasters must
exercise judgement when determining the order of which category one products are accomplished first.
Accordingly the following category one products are NOT listed in order of priority.
·
Short-fused warnings (flash flood, tornado, severe thunderstorm, red flag (short-fused events),
local airport advisories, special marine warnings, urban and small stream) and appropriate followup statements to these products including follow up short-term forecasts (NOWs).
·
Amending Terminal Aviation Forecasts (TAFs) in deteriorating weather situations.
·
Issuing spot forecasts for wildfires during red flag conditions or highly erratic/critical fire weather
conditions.
·
Issuing spot forecasts for Hazmat incidents or search and rescue operations.
·
Issuing tornado, severe thunderstorm, flash flood watches and fire weather watches for dry
thunderstorms.
·
Issuing long-fused warnings (winter weather, non-precipitation, river, red flag (long fused),
storm/gale/small craft advisories, coastal flood warnings.)
·
Providing updated Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) during periods of flooding or
potential flooding.
CATEGORY TWO PRIORITY
·
Amending TWEBS for deteriorating conditions.
·
Issuing long-fused watches (winter weather, non-precipitation, river, fire weather watches, coastal
flood watches)
·
Amending TAFs for improving conditions.
·
Issuing scheduled TAFs.
·
Issuing spot forecasts for ongoing wildfires under stable fire weather conditions.
·
Issuing scheduled public/marine/fire weather/routine QPF forecasts.
·
Issuing event-driven NOWs during less critical weather than in short- fused warning situations,
e.g., as in category one.
·
Issuing river statements and outlooks used for the purpose of relaying critical flow information.
19
CATEGORY THREE PRIORITY
·
Amending TWEBS for improving conditions.
·
Issuing scheduled TWEBS.
·
Issuing spot forecasts for prescribed fire. (Spot forecast for prescribed fire may have a higher
ranking if requesting fire agency is paying overtime specifically to handle increased spot forecast
workloads.)
·
Issuing state forecasts (SFP)
·
Issuing area forecast discussions (AFD)
·
Issuing site-specific forecasts for land management activities such as spray projects, aerial surveys,
etc.
·
Issuing daily river statements and outlooks used for informational or for recreational purposes.
·
Preparing climate summaries, temperature tables, etc.
·
Answering media calls.
·
Issuing drought information statements.
Note: WFOs with two “additional” positions to support fire weather enable such WFOs to staff fire
weather shifts during the wildfire season. Accordingly, any category two or three product(s) routinely
assigned to the fire weather shift are secondary in priority to fire weather products.
Vickie Nadolski
Regional Director
20
FIRE WEATHER SERVICES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
EXHIBIT F
March 1983
NATIONAL AGREEMENT
FOR
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES
IN SUPPORT OF
AGENCIES WITH
LAND AND FIRE MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
INTRODUCTION
AUTHORITY
OBJECTIVES
RESPONSIBILITIES
A.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
National Weather Service
1. Basic meteorological services
2. Fire weather training
3. Special meteorological services
B.
User Agencies
1. Fire-management computer systems
2. Fire weather observations
3. On-site meteorological support
4. Training
5. Other special services
C.
Joint Responsibilities
PROCEDURES FOR REQUESTING SERVICES
BILLING PROCEDURES
AMENDMENTS
TERMS OF NATIONAL AGREEMENT
TECHNICAL MONITOR FOR NWS
SIGNATORY PAGE
APPENDIX OF DEFINITIONS
21
I.
INTRODUCTION
This National Agreement is between the National Weather Service (NWS) and agencies
with land management and fire management responsibilities signatory to this agreement.
They are referred to in this agreement as "NWS" and "USER AGENCIES," respectively.
The User Agencies are responsible for the maintenance, improvements, and protection of
the wild lands of, owned or held in trust by, the United States. Accurate and timely
weather information is required to manage effectively and efficiently this valuable
national resource. The NWS has the expertise, organization, and legal charter to satisfy
this need nationally. It is with this knowledge that this Agreement is entered into. Its
purpose is to combine resources so as to best serve the needs of the public and to fulfill
the obligations of the respective agencies.
II.
AUTHORITY
This agreement is authorized under the Economy Act,31 U.S.C. 686; 15 U.S.C. 313; and
49 U.S.C. 1463; and the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act 16 U.S.C. 2101, et. sec.
III.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this Agreement are to identify meteorological services to be provided,
establish the interagency relationships, and define financial and other obligations of the
NWS and UserAgencies.
IV.
RESPONSIBILITIES
A.
National Weather Service
1. Basic meteorological services will be provided during normal working hours in
accordance with Operating Plans for designated NWS offices to the extent of NWS fire
weather resources. NWS regional headquarters will identify to the User Agency
headquarters a list of the designated NWS fire weather offices on an annual basis. These
services will be made available without cost and may include:
a. Routine daily fire weather forecasts
b. Outlooks and discussions
c. Weather observations
d. Red flag forecasts
e. Spot forecasts
f. Prescribed burn forecasts
g. Smoke management forecasts and information
h. Consultation and technical advice
i. Amendments/updates.
22
2. Fire weather training
The NWS recognizes the need for training in fire weather meteorology for NWS
forecasters. To the extent of available resources, the NWS will meet this need.
3. Special meteorological services
These services will be provided by designated NWS offices on a reimbursable basis as
stated in Section IV B.
a. Weather observer training
b. Weather observation station visitations
c. Participation in User Agency training activities
(1) Course development carried out at User Agency facilities
(2) Classroom training
d. On-site meteorological service
e. Other special services.
B. User Agencies
The following services and resources will be provided by User Agencies:
1. Fire-management computer systems
Where existing fire management computer systems are locally available, access to the
systems will be provided.
2. Fire weather observations
a. Provide daily surface weather observations and enter data into fire-management
computer systems.
b. Provide all equipment, equipment maintenance, and inspection of
weather-observing sites.
c. Meet all travel and per diem costs associated with User Agencies' requests for visits
of NWS personnel to weather-observing sites.
d. Provide for collection of remote automatic weather systems data and entry into the
fire-management computer system.
e. Provide observations for site-specific and other specia1 forecasts.
23
3. On-site meteorological support
a. Meet costs directly associated with on-site meteorological support by NWS
personnel. This includes costs incurred by the backup NWS office.
b. Provide logistical and weather observation support to NWS personnel at on-site
operations.
c. Provide access to telecommunication services where available.
4.
Training
a. Meet per diem and travel costs for NWS personnel participating in the conduct of
User Agency training.
b. Provide technical assistance, instruction, and supporting material for
NWS-sponsored fire weather training sessions.
5.
Other special services
User Agencies will provide logistics support and meet all overtime, travel, and per diem
costs of NWS personnel associated with the provision of all other special services.
C.
Joint Responsibilities
NWS and User Agencies shall prepare an annual Operating Plan for individual fire
weather office areas of responsibility. This plan will identify the basic weather services
covered under Section IV.
V.
PROCEDURES FOR REQUESTING SERVICES
Procedures for ordering services will be specified in Operating Plans for each NWS fire
weather office.
VI.
BILLING PROCEDURES
Costs to be recovered from User Agencies will be calculated on the basis of expense
reports submitted to NWS regional headquarters by field personnel. Copies of expense
reports will be forwarded to appropriate User-Agencies by NWS regional headquarters.
This procedure will enable agencies to accurately determine costs to be reimbursed
during a given fiscal year.
24
Billing of User Agencies will be accomplished by NWS regional submission of
appropriate expense reports to the NOAA Reimbursables Division. Bills will include a
statement of service rendered, dates it was provided, and location where provided.
All questions relating to billing procedure, charges, current costs, and individual expense
reports should be directed to the appropriate NWS regional contact or the NWS
Technical Monitor.
VII.
AMENDMENTS
Upon written notice, the terms of this Agreement are subject to amendment at any time
by mutual agreement of the parties.
The signatory agencies agree to consider expansion of this Agreement to cover areas of
mutual concern, e.g., changing technology and improved procedures, as opportunities for
suc cooperation become available.
VIII.
TERMS OF NATIONAL AGREEMENT
A. The terms of this Agreement shall become effective upon execution by NWS and any
or all User Agencies and shall remain in effect until such times as the Agreement is
terminated by mutual agreement. Any agency may withdraw at any time by ninety (90)
days written notice to all parties.
B. This Agreement does not constitute a financial obligation for any party in excess of
appropriations authorized by law and administratively allocated for the purposes
intended.
IX.
TECHNICAL MONITOR FOR NWS
The NWS Technical Monitor for this Agreement shall be:
Fire Weather Program Leader (W/OM12)
National Weather Service
1325 East West Highway, SSMC2
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
25
X.
SIGNATORY PAGE
A. National Weather Service
/s/ Elbert W. Friday. Jr.
National Weather Service
Date: 5/5/83
B.
User Agencies
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
/s/ Gary E. Cargill
U.S. Forest Service
Date: MAY 20,1983
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
/s/ Arnold E. Petty
Bureau of Land Management
Date: May 27, 1983
/s/ Russell E. Dickenson
National Park Service
Date: 6-8-83
/s/ Sidnev L. Mills
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Date: 6-29-83
Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary (Operations)
/s/ F. Eugene Hester
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Date: 6-22-83
26
DEFINITIONS
When the following terms are used in this Agreement or in an operating plan, such terms will
have the meanings stated below
A. Fire Weather Office Operating Plan
A procedural guide which describes the services provided within the area of a fire
weather office's responsibility.
B. Basic Meteorological Services
Basic meteorological services are those state-of-the-science meteorological forecasts,
warnings, observations, and statements produced in a designated NWS fire weather office
during normal working hours.
C. Fire Weather District
A fire weather district is the area of routine service responsibility as defined by the NWS.
This area is usually defined by climatological factors, but may be modified somewhat to
the administrative boundaries of the UserAgencies.
D. Normal Working Hours
Normal working hours are defined in the Operating Plan, but usually cover 8-hour
workdays, Monday through Friday, except during fire season when the normal hours
cover 7 days a week.
E. Prescribed Fire
Prescribed fire is a fire burning in wildland fuels according to a planned prescription and
confined within planned boundaries for the purpose of achieving specific objectives of
resource management. (Prescribed burning is the practice of prescribed fire use.)
F. Red Flag
Red flag is a program which highlights the onset of critical weather conditions conducive
to extensive wildfire occurrences.
G. Special Meteorological Services
Meteorological services uniquely required by User Agencies which cannot be provided at
a designated NWS fire weather office during normal working hours.
27
H. Spot Forecasts
Spot forecasts are site-specific weather forecasts. They are issued upon rquest of User
Agencies for wildfires, prescribed burns, or special projects.
I. On-Site
That special service which dedicates a fire weather forecaster to a wildfire, prescribed
fire, or special project such that the fire weather forecaster is removed from providing
basic services at his/her assigned fire weather office.
WSOM Issuance
91-11 8-22-91
28