Stormwater PAH removal in compost-­‐amended bioreten9on soil mixtures Megan T. Plog, Sally Brown School of Environmental and Forestry Sciences Background Event 1 total PAH concentra#on of influent and effluent stormwater 0.15 Effluent Methods Influent PAH concentra#on (ug/L) 0.15 0.1 Influent 0.1 0.05 0.05 0 0 1 2 Treatment 3 1 2 Treatment 3 $
$
$ 0.008$
$ 0.011$ 0.012$
$
$ 0.01$
0.026$ 0.015$ 0.022$
$
$
$
$ 0.031$
$ 0.03$
$
$
$ 0.011$
$ 0.012$
Pyrene$
Phenanthrene$
Indeno(1,2,3>
Cd)pyrene$
Naphthalene$
Fluorene$
Fluoranthene$
Dibenzo(a,h)anthr
acene$
Chrysene$
Benzo(g,h,i)peryle
ne$
Benzo(b,j,k)fluora
nthene$
Benzo(a)pyrene$
Benzo(a)anthrace
ne$
Acenapthene$
2>
methylnaphtalene$
Anthracene$
PAH$concentrations$(μg/L)$in$the$influent$stormwater$for$both$leaching$events$
Influent$
stormwater$
Event$1$
0.0053$
Event$2$
0.0051$
Leaching event Effluent 0.2 Mo#va#on PAHs are a serious immunotoxicological risk for fish and other aqua9c wildlife, as well as humans. Cars, trucks, and asphalt are all major contributors of PAHs to the environment via stormwater runoff. LiDle work has been done to show if there is any effect of bioreten9on media mixtures on PAH removal. This study was conducted to determine if there is a difference in PAH removal efficacy from stormwater from three different bioreten9on soil mixtures, mixed on a volume basis. The organic component of each mixture was varied and included either yard/food waste compost, biosolids/yard waste compost, or biosolids/yard waste compost and water treatment residuals. Event 2 total PAH concentra#on of influent and effluent stormwater 0.25 Acenaphthylene$
This study researched the removal of the 16 Bioreten9on systems are progressively becoming a larger USEPA priority pollutant polycyclic aroma9c part of urban stormwater infrastructure. These systems hydrocarbons (PAHs) from urban highway have been proven to be useful in the removal of several stormwater runoff through simulated important pollutants: metals, sediments, and bioreten9on systems amended with organic phosphorous. composts. Several studies have proven that bioreten9on systems are The results suggest that organic-­‐amended also useful in PAH removal from urban stormwater runoff. bioreten9on systems are a promising method for These studies looked at both greenhouse-­‐scale systems reducing PAH concentra9ons in stormwater and in situ systems. It has not yet been determined if the runoff. type of soil mixture within a bioreten9on system plays a significant role in reducing the amount of effluent PAHs. All effluent samples were analyzed for the each of the 16 EPA priority chemical PAHs. Not all were This study will focus on 3 different bioreten9on soil found in the influent stormwater: acenapthene, mixtures to see if they change the amount of effluent anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluorene, PAHs: and indeno(1,2,3-­‐Cd)pyrene were not present or 1.  Yard/food compost:sand 40:60 below detec9on limits in both events. 2. Biosolids/yard waste compost:sand 40:60 3. Biosolids/yard waste:WTR:sand 35:5:60 Treatments with biosolids/yard waste composts and biosolids/yard waste compost and WTRs These were mixed on a volume basis. effec9vely removed all influent PAH concentra9ons to below detec9on limits. Treatments with food/yard waste compost were less effec9ve in removal and added several PAH compounds to the effluent that were not found in the stormwater influent, most notably naphthalene and acenaphthene. Results PAH concentra#on (ug/L) Abstract 0.015$ 0.0538$
0.016$ 0.0482$
!
Summary and Conclusions Mixing of the soils (lem). Biosolids and water treatment residuals, respec9vely (right). Stormwater runoff from Highway 520 was collected and poured into the columns on 2 separate occasions. Each 9me, the columns received 3.2 L of stormwater. Effluent stormwater from the columns was taken to the King County Environmental Laboratory where a methylene chloride liquid-­‐liquid extrac9on and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Event 1 contained more influent PAHs and saw the least amount of reduc9on in PAH concentra9on. Treatment 1, the yard/food waste compost treatment, saw a 16% increase in overall PAH concentra9ons when comparing the influent to effluent. Treatment 2, the biosolids/yard waste compost treatment, removed 100% of PAHs. Treatment 3, biosolids/yard waste and WTR treatment, was effec9ve in removing 97% of influent PAHs. Event 2 had a lower influent PAH concentra9on than Event 1, but saw similar results. Treatment 1 reduced the PAH concentra9ons by 7%, treatments 2 and 3 reduced PAH concentra9ons by 100%. The food/yard waste compost was the least effec9ve bioreten9on mixture in remedia9ng stormwater PAHs. Biosolids/yard waste compost mixed with sand or sand and water treatment residuals was by far the most effec9ve – reducing PAH concentra9ons by an average of >99%. Sally Brown, Amber Corfman, and Nathan Shoaf. 2014. Phase II Bioreten9on Study. University of Washington. Davis, P., Hunt, W.F., Traver, R.G., Clar, M. (2009). Bioreten9on technology: overview of current prac9ce and future needs. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 135:109-­‐117. Bra9eres, K., Fletcher, T.D., Dele9c, A., Zinger, Y. (2008). Nutrient and sediment removal by stormwater biofilters: a large-­‐scale design op9misa9on study. Water Research. 42:3930-­‐3940. Lucas, W.C., Greenway, M. (2008). Nutrient reten9on in vegetated and nonvegetated bioreten9on mesocosms. Journal of Irriga9on and Drainage Engineering. 134:613-­‐623. Water: Sewage Sludge (Biosolids). 2012. EPA. water.epa.gov/polwaste/wastewater/treatment/biosolids/genqa.cfm. Polycyclic Aroma9c Hydrocarbons: Evalua9on of sources and effects. Washington, D.C.: Na9onal Research Council. Na9onal Academy Press, ES/l-­‐ES/7, 1983 Column mixing References Each of the three mixtures in their respec9ve columns.