Communications and Automation
Transformation Challenges for the Future Air
Transportation System
Presented at NEXTOR’s
NAS Infrastructure Management Conference
Dr. Reza Eftekari
September 9, 2005
1
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
CNS/ATM Infrastructure Modernization Areas
Operational Elements
Infrastructure Modernization
Communications
Air
AirTraffic
TrafficControl
Control
Air
AirCrews
Crews
Navigation
Navigation & Surveillance
Covered by Dave Hamrick
Surveillance
Automation
Traffic
TrafficFlow
FlowManagement
Management
2
Planning
Planningand
andDispatch
Dispatch
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Motivation for Modernization
• Extensive FAA facilities
– ~ 500 FAA-managed Airport
Traffic Control Towers
– ~ 180 Terminal Radar Approach
Control Facilities
– 21 En route Centers
– ~ 76 Flight Service Stations (A-76)
– > 40,000 Radios, Radars, NAVAIDs
• Although current system has
worked well since introduced
in 1950s, it is showing signs of
strain
– Replacement cost of assets > $30
billion
– Significant infrastructure
operations and maintenance
• ~ 75% of Ops budget
is FAA staff costs
• Traffic back to pre
9/11 and will continue
to grow – Perhaps by
2 to 3 times by 2025
• The rest of the world
is moving ahead fast
– Leader will set
standards for the world
• ~ 25% of ATO costs (~ $2 billion)
3
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
En route Traffic is Increasing
2005 En route traffic has surpassed 2000 levels
En Route Operations
ZSE
-10%
2005 vs. 2000
ZMP
+1%
ZLC
0%
ZAU
0%
ZDV
+6%
ZOA
+1%
ZLA
+6%
ZAB
N/A
ZFW
-4%
ZHU
+3%
Overall Growth: +4%
ZOB
-5%
ZID
+8%
ZKC
-5%
ZME
+4%
ZBW
0%
ZTL
+11%
ZNY
+8%
ZDC
+13%
ZJX
+12%
ZMA
+17%
Source: OPSNET
4
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Traffic will Continue to Grow
Perhaps Faster than Before
~4.8% annual growth in
carrier services
~5.2% annual growth in
cargo services
5
~8.5% annual growth in
regional service
~12% annual growth in
corporate jet traffic
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Today’s Air Transportation System
Communication
Voice
Navigation
Ground-based Navaids
Has
Hasevolved
evolvedto
toaaprimarily
primarilyground-based,
ground-based,human-centric
human-centric
ATM
ATM,
ATM,Communications,
Communications,Navigation
Navigationand
andSurveillance
Surveillancesystem
system
NDB
HF Voice
VOR/DME
VHF Voice
Airline
Dispatch
VHF
Voice
Surveillance
Radar
ILS
ATC
6
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
NGATS Vision - 2025
Communication
Constellation
Navigation
SatNav Constellation
Constellation
(Positioning)
Broad Area Precision Navigation
Weather Assimilated into
Decisions
Aircraft Trajectory-Based
Operations
ADS
“Super Density” Operations
Performance- Based
Services
ADS
Network-Enabled Information
Access
“Equivalent Visual” Operations
EVALUATOR
Airport
ADS
User Plans
Data Base
Scheduling
Automation
ANSP Plans
Data Base
Ground-Based Users
ADS
Layered, Adaptive Security
Air Traffic Management
Facilities
Airborne & Surface
AOC, FBO, Business,
Private, Etc.
Notional NAS Transformation Options
Aggressive Evolution
Future NAS
(e.g., NGATS)
• Provide new services
• Enhance existing services
• Reduce, replace, and
improve infrastructure
• Expedite enhancements
Moderate Evolution Pace
• Selective investments
• Position for future
• Achieve the future NAS over time
Current NAS
Budget Constraint Focus
Today
8
• Shed functions & services
• Sustain existing infrastructure
• Defer, cancel, stretch service
enhancements
• Cut costs
Future
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Radio
Control Site
Automation
ARSR
TRACON
Data
ATCT
Radio
Radio Site
Site MDR
Air
/Gr
o un
d
CMU
Seg
me
nt
NAS Communications System Segments
RIU
UHF
UHF
Voice Switch
GNI
Telecom
Network
(FTI)
Ground Segment
9
Backup
Backup Radio
Radio Site
Site
RIU
UHF
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Future Communications Study
(FAA and Eurocontrol)
Future Communications Study
Steering Group
Operational
Concepts &
Requirements
Communications,
Operating Concept and
Requirements
Future operations in 2015-2030
Operational environment
Concepts and services
Technical information to assess
comm traffic demand
Technology
Assessment
Communications
Evolution &
Transition Planning
2005
Joint Technology
Downselect
Aviation Specific Technologies
(VDL Derivatives, B-VHF)
2010
2015
25 KHz
VHF Voice
VDL-M2
VDL-M
Limitations
Maintain for legacy users –
Reuse band for VHF FCS
Migrate
Broadcast
Data
1090 Extended Squitter
Limitations
Migrate
Harmonized System
Develop
Existing
Satellite Communications
(Aero BGAN)
2030
Migrate
Public Safety Standards
(P34)
Wireless MAN Technology
(IEEE 802.16)
2025
Maintain for GA (low altitude)–
Saturation
Reuse band for VHF FCS
VHF ATS Data Link
Cellular Telephony Technology
(WCDMA)
10
2020
Deploy FCS
Potential
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Telecom Network Modernization - FAA
Telecommunications Infrastructure (FTI)
LEASED
RESOURCES
FTS 2000/1
LINCS
LINCS Bridge 2002 - 2007
FTI Mission Support
ADTN 2000
FAATSAT
OWNED
RESOURCES
BWM/FIRMNET
RCL
NADIN PSN
LDRCL
DMN
1998
Investment Analysis
11
2002
Award
2007
Initial FTI Transition
2017
End of Contract
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
FAA Leased Wide Area Voice & Data Services
Potential for Conversion to IP
Navigation, 238, 1%
Misc., 167, 1%
Decision Support,
863, 4%
Landing, 13, 0%
Surveillance, 2882,
12%
Other data, 1137, 5%
Aviation Information,
1958, 8%
W eather, 2685, 12%
Mid
(5 – 10 yr)
Near
(3 - 5 yr)
A/G Voice, 5387,
23%
Long
(> 10 yr)
RMM, 3801, 16%
G/G Voice, 4206,
18%
Source: FTI Requirements Database
12
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
En route Automation Modernization - ERAM
FY2004
FY2005
FY2006
FY2007
FY2008
ERAM
Baseline
FY2009
FY2010
FY2011
Release 1
Sys Engineering
Software
Integration
and Test
Key Site
Deployment
Release 2
Release 3
…
Some Candidate Functional
Enhancements
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
13
ICAO Flight Plan Enhancements
RNP Procedures and Automation
TFM Integration & Convergence
Advanced Simulation for Controller
Training
Decision Support / Integrated Sector Ops
Datalink Services
ADS-B Applications
Dynamic Airspace
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
TFM Modernization: New Hardware, New Software,
New Decision Support Capabilities
(CY)
2005
2006
2007
2008
Modern H/W Architecture
R2
New Software:
JRC2B (Baseline)
New Decision Support
Capabilities:
2010
2011
R2: Hub H/W replacement
R3: Remote site H/W replacement
New Hardware:
Open S/W Architecture
2009
R3
R1: Enhanced disaster recovery
R2: Hub S/W replacement
R3: Remote site S/W replacement
R1
R2
R3
WP1: AFP w.User preferences
WP2: Reroute impact assessment
JRC2B (Enhancements)
Modernized System
WP1
Completed Milestone
14
Planned Milestone
WP2
WP3
Estimated Milestone
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Automation Convergence
Maintenance
Training Support
Modification
EnRt
Terminal
Ocean
ATOP
ATOP
Maintenance
Training Support
Modification
TFM
11
bbb
TFM-M
EnRt
11
1
Terminal
ATOP
ATOP
Ocean
11
11
TFM
11
bbbbbb
Common
Services
Quad
Quad
Rduncy
Rduncy
Tri
Tri
Rduncy
Rduncy
Quad
Quad
Rduncy
Rduncy
Fail
Fail
Safe
Safe
bbb
bb
Middleware
Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Oracle
Sybase
Sybase
Oracle
Oracle bbb
bb
Languages
Ada95
Ada95
C/C++
C/C++
CC
C/C++
C/C++
C++/Java
C++/Java bbb
bb
AIX
AIX
Solaris
Solaris
Other
Other
AIX
AIX
HP-UX
HP-UX
bbb
Linux
Linux
bb
Processor
IBM
IBM
POWER
POWER
POWER/
POWER/
SPARC
SPARC
IBM
IBM
POWER
POWER
HP
HP
bbbb
Itanium
Itanium
bb
Process/
Tools
PVCS
ClearCase
PVCS ClearCase
DOORS
DOORS
DOORS DOORS
Applications
OS
15
11
CMVC
CMVC
1
Clearcase
Clearcase
bbb
Req-Pro
Req-Pro
TFM-M
11
b
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
COST
Benefits of Convergence
Extra
ExtraDevel
DevelCost
Costfor
forConvergence
Convergence
Potential
PotentialLife-cycle
Life-cycleSavings
Savings
• • Components
Componentsdesigned
designedto
tomost
most
stringent
requirements
stringent requirements
• • Re-hosting
Re-hostingapplications
applicationsininnew
new
environments
environments
• • Harmonizing
Harmonizingapplication
applicationand
andsystem
system
requirements
requirements
• • Reduce
Reducecost
costininmaintenance,
maintenance,
staffing,
training,
staffing, training,and
and
specialization
specialization
• • Achieve
Achievebetter
betterH/W
H/Wand
andS/W
S/W
purchase
economies
purchase economies
• • Streamline
Streamlineand
andsimplify
simplify
logistics
and
depot
logistics and depotoperation
operation
• • Reduce
SW
devel
cost
Reduce SW devel cost
through
throughasset
assetreuse
reuse
As
AsPlanned
Planned
Systems
Systems
(e.g.
(e.g.ERAM/
ERAM/
STARS/ATOP)
STARS/ATOP)
Common
CommonSystems
Systems
(e.g.
Converge
(e.g. Converge
Terminal
Terminaland
andOceanic
Oceanic
with
En
route
autowith En route automation
mationleveraging
leveraging
ERAM
components)
ERAM components)
TIME
16
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.
ATO’s Automation Roadmap
Convergence
2004
2004
2006
2006
2005
2005
2007
2007
2006
2006
2007l 2009
2008
2008 2007l
2009
2010
2010
2011
2011
2012
2012
2013
2013
2014
2014
2015
2016+
2016+
Oceanic
Aeronautical
Aeronautical Data
Data Link
Link
ATOP
ATOP
Domain Convergence
Convergence Analysis
Analysis
Domain
En route
Route
1
MEARTS
MEARTS
MEARTS
MEARTS
DSR
DSR
y
Displa
ERAM
ERAM DS
DS
Oceanic
Terminal
En Route
TMA
TMA
FDIO
FDIO
EBUS
EBUS
Host
Host
Computer
Computer
ECG
ECG
System
System (G3)
(G3)
URET
CP
URET
CP
•RDP
•RDP
•FDP
•FDP
HCS
HCS (G3)
(G3)
•RDP
•RDP
•FDP
•FDP
ERAM
ERAM
ERAM
ERAM
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
BASELINE
R1
R1
R1
R1
ERAM
ERAM
R2
R2
ERAM
ERAM
R3
R3
8
TFM
Terminal
MEARTS
MEARTS
MEARTS
MEARTS
ARTS
ARTS IIIA
IIIA
STARS
STARS
ARTS
ARTS IIE
IIE
C-ARTS
C-ARTS
ARTS
ARTS IIIE
IIIE
ARMT
SMS
ARMT EFSTS
EFSTS
SMS
2
TFM-M
TFM-M
Baseline
Baseline
C-ATM-T
C-ATM-T
WP1
WP1
Oceanic
Terminal
En Route
CAP
CAP
R0
R0
9
CAP
CAP
R1
R1
CAP
CAP
RN
RN
STMS
STMS
C-ATM-T
C-ATM-T
C-ATM-T C-ATM-T
WP2
WP3
WP3
WP2
10
C-ATM-T
C-ATM-T
WP
WP N
N
Common
Common
Automation
Automation
Processing
Processing
CAP
CAP
(CAP)
(CAP)
(Common
(Common
and
and
Automation
Automation
Common
Common
Processing)
Processing)
Display
Display
Subsystem
Subsystem
(CDSS)
(CDSS)
Community Challenge: Which Options?
•
Traffic back to pre 9/11
– 2 to 3 times by 2025
Future
NAS
(e.g.,
NGATS)
•
Aggressive Evolution
$
?
Moderate Evolution Pace
$
Current
NAS
Today
18
Future
•
The increasing traffic needs
to be safely and
expeditiously managed
Continued pressure on FAA
budget will require
innovative modernization
approaches
– Leveraging DoD and
commercial infrastructures
– Affordable long-term
investment perspective
• Robust foundation to
enable a broad range of
future evolution choices
• Incentives for user
equipage
© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved.