PHGN590 Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Physics Temperature Dependence of Resonance Capture J. A. McNeil Physics Department Colorado School of Mines 4/2009 Packages to be Used Data Cons = 8kB Ø 1.3806505 µ 10 ^ -23 , Troom Ø 293.15, e -> 1.60217653 µ 10 ^ -19, mn Ø 1.674929 µ 10 ^ -27, clight Ø 2.99792458 µ 10 ^ 8, mnMeV Ø 939.56536<; Eth@T_D = kB T ê e ê. Cons; H* Thermal energy in eV *L D2Odata = 8r Ø .001105, nd -> .03323, Ss -> .4519, Sg Ø 4.42 µ 10 ^ -5 , Sf Ø 0, n Ø 0<; C12data = 8r Ø .00160, nd Ø .08023, Ss -> .3811, Sg Ø .0002728 , Sf Ø 0, n Ø 0<; H* Thermal neutron values *L Nadata = 8r Ø .00097, nd Ø .02541, Ss Ø .08131, Sg Ø .01347 , Sf Ø 0, n Ø 0<; U235data = 8r Ø .01886, nd Ø .04833, Ss Ø .01588, Sg Ø 4.833, Sf -> 28.37, n Ø 2.42<; U238data = 8r Ø .0191, nd Ø .04833, Ss Ø .4301, Sg Ø .13194, Sf -> 0, n Ø 0<; Pu239data = 8r Ø .0196, nd Ø .04938, Ss Ø .3902, Sg Ø 13.27, Sf -> 36.66 , n Ø 2.98<; H* Fast neutron values *L Nadata = 8r Ø .00097, nd Ø .02541, Ss Ø .083853, Sg Ø .000020328 , Sf Ø 0, n Ø 0<; U235data = 8r Ø .01886, nd Ø .04833, Ss Ø .328644, Sg Ø .0120825, Sf -> .06766, n Ø 2.6<; U238data = 8r Ø .0191, nd Ø .04833, Ss Ø .33347, Sg Ø .007732, Sf -> .004591, n Ø 2.6<; Pu239data = 8r Ø .0196, nd Ø .04938, Ss Ø .33578, Sg Ø .0128388, Sf -> .091353, n Ø 2.98<; 2 TemperatureDependence.nb Temperature dependence - effective cross section from thermal averaged rates ü Lorentzian resonance in cm frame Clear@En, E0, G, v, v0, vL, vA, a, b, c, A, aD Lorentzian@En_, E0_, G_D = a ^ 2 G ê H2 p L ê HH a ^ 2 En - E0L ^ 2 + G ^ 2 ê 4 L 2 ê H1 + 2 ArcTan@2 E0 ê GD ê pL Integrate@Lorentzian@En, E0, GD, 8En, 0, +Infinity<, Assumptions Ø 8Im@E0D ã 0, Im@GD ã 0, Re@GD > 0, Re@a ^ 2D > 0, Im@a ^ 2D ã 0<D a2 G p JI-E0 + En a2 M + 2 G2 4 N 1+ 2 ArcTanB 2 E0 G F p 1 ü In the lab frame the target is moving with thermal velocity, vA, and the neutron is moving with velocity, vL. The neutron center of mass velocity is vcm = a (vL - vA), a = A/(A+1). Thus, Ecm = a^2 ( EL + EA/A - 2 Sqrt[EL EA/A] cos(q) ). Integrating over angles gives: Clear@PhiAvg, a, a, b, c, A, EL, EA, E0, GD abc = 8a Ø a ^ 2 H EL + EA ê AL, b Ø 2 a ^ 2 Sqrt@EL EA ê AD, c Ø G ê 2 <; PhiAvg@EL_, EA_, A_D = Simplify@ 2 a ^ 2 ê H1 + 2 ArcTan@2 E0 ê GD ê pL s0 G ê H2 p L H1 ê 2L Integrate@1 ê HHa - b m - E0L ^ 2 + c ^ 2L, 8m, -1, 1<, Assumptions Ø 8Im@aD ã 0, Im@E0D ã 0, Im@bD ã 0, Im@cD ã 0, Re@cD > 0, Re@bD > 0<D ê. abcD EA EL EA+A EL-2 A 2 E0- A A s0 ArcTanB G 2 EA EL A a2 EA EL EA+A EL+2 A F + ArcTanB Ip + 2 ArcTanA 2 -E0+ A A G a2 F 2 E0 EM G ü Multiply by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution to get the thermal average integrand fMaxwell@EA_, kT_D = 2 ê Hp ^ H1 ê 2L HkTL ^ H3 ê 2LL Exp@-EA ê kTD; Integrate@fMaxwell@EA, kTD Sqrt@EAD, 8EA, 0, Infinity<, Assumptions Ø 8Re@kTD > 0<D 1 TemperatureDependence.nb integrand@EL_, EA_, A_, kT_D = Simplify@Sqrt@EAD fMaxwell@EA, kTD PhiAvg@EL, EA, ADD EA EL EA+A EL-2 A 2 E0- ‰ EA kT G kT3ê2 a2 EA EL EA+A EL+2 A F + ArcTanB A EA s0 ArcTanB EA EL A A p Ip + 2 ArcTanA 2 -E0+ A A G a2 F 2 E0 EM G ü Lorentzian folded with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ü Target and resonance data Avalue = 12.; H* Target mass *L E0value = 5.;H* location of resonance in eV *L Gvalue = .1; H* width of resonance in eV *L sub = 8s0 Ø 1, A Ø Avalue, E0 Ø E0value, G Ø Gvalue, a Ø Avalue ê HAvalue + 1L< Sigma0@EL_D = s0 Lorentzian@EL, E0, GD ê. sub; 8s0 Ø 1, A Ø 12., E0 Ø 5., G Ø 0.1, a Ø 0.923077< Tvalue = 300; kTvalue = Eth@TvalueD; ELmin = Abs@HE0value - 15 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. subD; ELmax = HE0value + 15 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub ; sTh@EL_, T_D := Abs@ NIntegrate@ integrand@EL, EA, Avalue, Eth@TDD ê. sub, 8EA, 0, Infinity<DD; p1 = Plot@sTh@EL, TvalueD, 8EL , ELmin, ELmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@1, 0, 0DD; p2 = Plot@Sigma0@ELD, 8EL, ELmin, ELmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 0, 1DD; Show@p1, p2D sum = 0.; Npts = 400; dEL = HELmax - ELminL ê Npts; Do@sum = sum + sTh@ELmin + dEL i, TvalueD, 8i, 1, Npts<D; Print@" Normalization of thermalized cross section = ", sum dELD Print@" Normalization of bare cross section = ", NIntegrate@Sigma0@ELD, 8EL, ELmin, ELmax<DD 5 4 3 2 1 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 Normalization of thermalized cross section = 0.981735 Normalization of bare cross section = 0.981913 3 4 TemperatureDependence.nb ü Lorentzian fit Enmin = HE0value - GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; Enmax = HE0value + GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; Npts = 100; dEn = HEnmax - EnminL ê Npts; sThtable = Table@8Enmin + i dEn, 1 ê sTh@Enmin + Hi - 1L dEn, TvalueD<, 8i, 1, Npts<D; fitfun = Fit@sThtable, 81, x, x ^ 2<, xD; Normfit = a ^ 4 ê fitfun@@3DD ê. sub ê. x Ø 1; E0fit = - Normfit fitfun@@2DD ê H2 a ^ 2L ê. sub ê. x Ø 1; Gfit = 2 Sqrt@Normfit fitfun@@1DD - E0fit^ 2D; Print@" Overall Norm: ", Normfit, " HfitL ", a ^ 2 G ê H2 pL ê. sub, " HT=0L"D Print@" Resonance energy: ", E0fit, " HfitL ", E0value, " HT=0L"D Print@" Width: ", Gfit, " HfitL ", Gvalue, " HT=0L"D sThfit@x_D = Normfit ê HHa ^ 2 x - E0fitL ^ 2 + Gfit^ 2 ê 4L ê. sub; Enmin = Abs@HE0value - 10 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. subD; Enmax = HE0value + 10 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub ; p1 = Plot@sThfit@EnD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@1, 0, 0DD; p2 = Plot@sTh@En, TvalueD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 0, 1DD; p3 = Plot@Sigma0@EnD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 1, 0DD; Show@8p1, p2, p3<D H*ListPlot@LtableD*L Overall Norm: 0.0468978 HfitL 0.0152975 HT=0L Resonance energy: 5.00156 HfitL 5. HT=0L Width: 0.234878 HfitL 0.1 HT=0L 6 5 4 3 2 1 5.0 5.5 6.0 Note: The actual resonance shape (blue) appears to drop off faster than the Lorentzian fit (red). Let's try a Gaussian form. TemperatureDependence.nb ü Gaussian fit Enmin = HE0value - 1. GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; Enmax = HE0value + 1. GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; Npts = 100; dEn = HEnmax - EnminL ê Npts; LogsThtable = Table@8Enmin + Hi - 1L dEn, Log@sTh@Enmin + Hi - 1L dEn, TvalueDD<, 8i, 1, Npts<D; fitfun = Fit@LogsThtable, 81, x, x ^ 2<, xD; dE2fit = -1 ê fitfun@@3DD ê. sub ê. x Ø 1; E0fit = fitfun@@2DD dE2fit ê H2 L ê. sub ê. x Ø 1; sThfitNorm = Exp@fitfun@@1DD + E0fit^ 2 ê dE2fitD sThfitNorm = 2 s0 ê Sqrt@p dE2fitD ê H1 + Erf@E0 ê Ha ^ 2 Sqrt@dE2fitDLDL ê. sub H* analytic normalization *L sThfit@En_D = sThfitNorm Exp@-HEn - E0 ê a ^ 2L ^ 2 ê dE2fitD ê. sub; Enmin = Abs@HE0value - 10 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. subD; Enmax = HE0value + 10 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; p1 = Plot@sThfit@EnD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@1, 0, 0DD; p2 = Plot@sTh@En, TvalueD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 0, 1DD; p3 = Plot@Sigma0@EnD, 8En, Enmin, Enmax<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 1, 0DD; Show@p1, p2, p3D 3.34596 4.05149 6 5 4 3 2 1 5.0 5.5 6.0 The Gaussian fit (red) has a higher peak, but drops more quickly than the Maxwell-Boltzmann folded Lorentzian (blue). The original Lorentzian (green) is shown for comparison. 5 6 TemperatureDependence.nb ü Examine temperature dependence of the Gaussian width H* Gaussian fit *L T0 = 175; dT = 40; NTemps = 30; DEtable = Table@0, 8iT, 1, NTemps<D; Do@ 8Tvalue = T0 + iT dT; kTvalue = Eth@TvalueD; Enmin = HE0value - 1. GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub; Enmax = HE0value + 1. GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub ; Npts = 100; dEn = HEnmax - EnminL ê Npts; LogsThtable = Table@8Enmin + Hi - 1L dEn, Log@sTh@Enmin + Hi - 1L dEn, TvalueDD<, 8i, 1, Npts<D; fitfun = Fit@LogsThtable, 81, x, x ^ 2<, xD; dE2fit = -1 ê fitfun@@3DD ê. sub ê. x Ø 1; DEtable@@iTDD = Sqrt@dE2fitD<, 8iT, 1, NTemps<D; DE2plot = Table@8HT0 + iT dTL, DEtable@@iTDD ^ 2<, 8iT, 1, NTemps<D; ListPlot@DE2plotD DE2ofT@T_D = Fit@DE2plot, 81, T<, TD 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 200 400 600 0.00705232 + 0.0000418745 T 800 1000 1200 1400 TemperatureDependence.nb H* Plot temperature dependence of Gaussian line shape *L Clear@x, T, A, a, En, E0D Enmin = Abs@HE0value - 20 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. subD; Enmax = HE0value + 20 GvalueL ê a ^ 2 ê. sub ; sub = 8s0 Ø 1, A Ø Avalue, E0 Ø E0value, G Ø Gvalue, a Ø Avalue ê HAvalue + 1L<; sfit@En_, E0_, T_D := If@HEn - E0 ê a ^ 2L ^ 2 ê DE2ofT@TD > 100, 0, 2 s0 ê Sqrt@p DE2ofT@TDD ê H1 + Erf@E0 ê Ha ^ 2 Sqrt@DE2ofT@TDDLDL Exp@-HEn - E0 ê a ^ 2L ^ 2 ê DE2ofT@TDDD ê. sub; Eshift = 1; p0 = Plot@sfit@En - Eshift, E0value, 300D, 8En, Enmin, Enmax + Eshift<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@1, 0, 0DD; p1 = Plot@sfit@En, E0value, 1200D, 8En, Enmin, Enmax + Eshift<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@1, 0, 0DD; p2 = Plot@sTh@En - Eshift, 300D, 8En, Enmin, Enmax + Eshift<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 0, 1DD; p3 = Plot@sTh@En, 1200D, 8En, Enmin, Enmax + Eshift<, PlotRange Ø All, PlotStyle Ø RGBColor@0, 0, 1DD; Show@ p0, p1, p2, p3D 4 3 2 1 5 6 7 8 Integrate@sfit@En, E0value, 300D, 8En, 0, Infinity<D sum = 0.; Npts = 1000; dEL = HE0 + 20 GL ê a ^ 2 ê Npts ê. sub; Do@sum = sum + sTh@dEL i, TvalueD, 8i, 1, Npts<D; sum dEL 1. 0.99197 7 8 TemperatureDependence.nb Temperature dependent absorption cross section ü Set up parameters for Monte Carlo simulation Clear@speed, T, E0, i, Lfit, vmag, vboost, vD AModerator = 12; vboost@v_D = v ê H1 + AModeratorL ; vcm@vmag_D = AModerator vmag ê H1 + AModeratorL ; Ss = Ss ê. C12data; Sg = Sg ê. C12data; Sf = Sf ê. C12data; sResonanceRatio = 10 000; Sg0 = sResonanceRatio Sg; H* ratio = resonance height ê sHscatteringL *L KE@speed_D = H1 ê 2L mnMeV 10 ^ 6 H speed ê H100 clightLL ^ 2 ê. Cons; H* Returns KE in eV as a function of speed in cmêsec *L vofEn@En_D = Sqrt@2 En ê HmnMeV 10 ^ 6LD H100 clightL ê. Cons; H* Returns speed in cmêsec as a function of KE in eV *L NRes = 1; E0List = Table@i E0value, 8i, 1, NRes<D; Sgfun@speed_, T_D = Sg + Sg0 Sum@sfit@KE@speedD, E0List@@iDD, TD, 8i, 1, NRes<D; dtofv@speed_, T_D = 1 ê H5 speed HSs + Sgfun@speed, TD + SfLL; Estart = .5 µ 10 ^ 2; Plot@Sgfun@speed, 1200D, 8speed, vofEn@Eth@12 000DD, vofEn@EstartD<, PlotRange Ø AllD 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 µ 106 6 µ 106 8 µ 106 ü Monte Carlo simulation of survival probability as a function of temperature SurvivalTable = 8<; LifetimeTable = 8<; TemperatureDependence.nb Timing@ Estart = 2. µ 10 ^ 6; vTh = vofEn@Eth@12 000DDH* speed at 1 eV = 12000 K *L; Nexp = 10; Nneutrons = 10 000; Tstart = 100; dT = 200; Do@ Tvalue = Tstart + HiT - 1L dT; NThTable = 8<; tTable = 8<; Do@H* Do Nexp number of experiments to get statistics on the number of neutrons that reach thermal energies *L NTh = 0; Do@ For@8vmag = vofEn@EstartD; v = 80, 0, vmag<; r = 80, 0, 0<; iStep = 1; iStop = -1; ig = 1; t = 0<, iStop < 0 && iStep < 10 ^ 6, iStep++, 8dt = dtofv@vmag, TvalueD; ds = vmag dt; dPs = ds Ss; dPg = ds Sgfun@vmag, TvalueD; r = r + v dt; t = t + dt; ran = Random@D; H* Does it scatter ? *L If@ran < dPs + dPg, 8H* If yes, was it an elastic scatter event? *L If@ran < dPs, 8vmagsave = vmag; thcm = Pi Random@D; phicm = 2 Pi Random@D; v = vcm@vmagD 8Sin@thcmD Cos@phicmD, Sin@thcmD Sin@phicmD, Cos@thcmD< + vboost@vD ; vmag = Sqrt@v.vD; If@vmag < vTh, iStop = 1; NTh ++D <, iStop = 1DH* ... if not elastic then an absorption event. *L <DH* end If Scatter*L <DH* end For *L , 8j, 1, Nneutrons<D; H* End number of neutrons loop *L AppendTo@NThTable, NThD; AppendTo@tTable, tD; , 8iexp, 1, Nexp<D; H* End number of experiments loop *L Survival = N@Sum@NThTable@@iDD, 8i, 1, Nexp<D ê HNexp NneutronsLD; Lifetime = N@Sum@tTable@@iDD, 8i, 1, Nexp<D ê HNexp NneutronsLD; Print@" T = ", Tvalue, " Survival = ", 100 Survival, " %, Mean lifetime = ", LifetimeD; AppendTo@SurvivalTable, 8Tvalue, Survival<D; AppendTo@LifetimeTable, 8Tvalue, Lifetime<D, 8iT, 1, 10<D; DH* End Timing *L T = 100 Survival = 56.107 %, Mean lifetime = 1.95205 µ 10-9 T = 300 Survival = 47.772 %, Mean lifetime = 1.63387 µ 10-9 T = 500 Survival = 42.293 %, Mean lifetime = 1.34111 µ 10-9 T = 700 Survival = 37.922 %, Mean lifetime = 1.59115 µ 10-9 T = 900 Survival = 34.452 %, Mean lifetime = 1.44815 µ 10-9 T = 1100 Survival = 31.3 %, Mean lifetime = 1.41613 µ 10-9 T = 1300 Survival = 28.827 %, Mean lifetime = 1.18957 µ 10-9 T = 1500 Survival = 26.64 %, Mean lifetime = 1.08567 µ 10-9 T = 1700 Survival = 24.616 %, Mean lifetime = 1.15688 µ 10-9 T = 1900 Survival = 22.735 %, Mean lifetime = 1.14442 µ 10-9 9 10 TemperatureDependence.nb 822 898.1, Null< SurvivalTable 88300, 0.8809<, 8600, 0.8832<, 8100, 0.5266<, 8300, 0.4567<, 8500, 0.4237<, 8700, 0.39<, 8900, 0.3522<, 81100, 0.3412<, 81300, 0.3263<, 81500, 0.3059<, 81700, 0.2872<, 81900, 0.2715<, 8100, 0.56107<, 8300, 0.47772<, 8500, 0.42293<, 8700, 0.37922<, 8900, 0.34452<, 81100, 0.313<, 81300, 0.28827<, 81500, 0.2664<, 81700, 0.24616<, 81900, 0.22735<< H* 1 resonances at E0 = 10 eV, G=.2 eV, A=50, peakêbackground ratio = 10000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, 0.56107`<, 8300, 0.47772`<, 8500, 0.42293`<, 8700, 0.37922`<, 8900, 0.34452`<, 81100, 0.313`<, 81300, 0.28827`<, 81500, 0.2664`<, 81700, 0.24616`<, 81900, 0.22735`<<; ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2000<, 8.2, .6<<D 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 H* 2 resonances at E0 = 10 eV and 20 eV, G=.2 eV, A=50, peakêbackground ratio = 10000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, 0.5266`<, 8300, 0.4567`<, 8500, 0.4237`<, 8700, 0.39`<, 8900, 0.3522`<, 81100, 0.3412`<, 81300, 0.3263`<, 81500, 0.3059`<, 81700, 0.2872`<, 81900, 0.2715`<<; ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2000<, 8.2, .6<<D 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 TemperatureDependence.nb H* 1 resonance at E0value = 3 eV, G=.01 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .3985<, 8300, .3095<, 8600, .2375<, 8900, .2205<, 81200, .2025<, 81500, .182<, 81800, .1705<, 82100, .1705<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.1, .4<<D 88100, 0.3985<, 8300, 0.3095<, 8600, 0.2375<, 8900, 0.2205<, 81200, 0.2025<, 81500, 0.182<, 81800, 0.1705<, 82100, 0.1705<< 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0 500 1000 1500 2000 H* 1 resonance at E0value = 5 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .597<, 8300, .4865<, 8600, .442<, 8900, .424<, 81200, .406<, 81500, .3855<, 81800, .348<, 82100, .345<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.3, .6<<D 88100, 0.597<, 8300, 0.4865<, 8600, 0.442<, 8900, 0.424<, 81200, 0.406<, 81500, 0.3855<, 81800, 0.348<, 82100, 0.345<< 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0 500 1000 1500 2000 11 12 TemperatureDependence.nb H* 1 resonance at E0value = 8 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .712<, 8300, .651<, 8600, .614<, 8900, .582<, 81200, .567<, 81500, .554<, 81800, .535<, 82100, .532<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.5, .8<<D 88100, 0.712<, 8300, 0.651<, 8600, 0.614<, 8900, 0.582<, 81200, 0.567<, 81500, 0.554<, 81800, 0.535<, 82100, 0.532<< 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0 500 1000 1500 2000 H* 1 resonance at E0value = 10 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .759<, 8300, .732<, 8600, .67<, 8900, .653<, 81200, .634<, 81500, .628<, 81800, .609<, 82100, .615<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.5, .8<<D 88100, 0.759<, 8300, 0.732<, 8600, 0.67<, 8900, 0.653<, 81200, 0.634<, 81500, 0.628<, 81800, 0.609<, 82100, 0.615<< 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0 500 1000 1500 2000 TemperatureDependence.nb H* 1 resonance at E0value = 20 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .883<, 8300, .852<, 8600, .8285<, 8900, .8104<, 81200, .8046<, 81500, .7913<, 81800, .7839<, 82100, .7833<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.7, .9<<D 88100, 0.883<, 8300, 0.852<, 8600, 0.8285<, 8900, 0.8104<, 81200, 0.8046<, 81500, 0.7913<, 81800, 0.7839<, 82100, 0.7833<< 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0 500 1000 1500 2000 H* 1 resonance at E0value = 100 eV, ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 88100, .974<, 8300, .963<, 8600, .970<, 8900, .957<, 81200, .954<, 81500, .935<, 81800, .966<, 82100, .944<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 880, 2200<, 8.9, 1.0<<D 88100, 0.974<, 8300, 0.963<, 8600, 0.97<, 8900, 0.957<, 81200, 0.954<, 81500, 0.935<, 81800, 0.966<, 82100, 0.944<< 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0 500 1000 1500 2000 13 14 TemperatureDependence.nb H* 10 resonances at i^2 E0value H10 eVL , ratio = 2000 *L SurvivalProb = 8820, .927<, 8100, .907<, 8300, .893<, 8900, .890<, 81500, .895<, 82100, .892<, 82700, .892<, 83300, .867<, 83900, .889<< ListPlot@SurvivalProb, PlotRange Ø 8.8, 1<D 8820, 0.927<, 8100, 0.907<, 8300, 0.893<, 8900, 0.89<, 81500, 0.895<, 82100, 0.892<, 82700, 0.892<, 83300, 0.867<, 83900, 0.889<< 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 0 1000 2000 Resonance (ala Stacey) 3000