Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Spring Semester, 2013
ENCE 688R: Midterm Exam: 1 1/2 Hours, Open Book and Open Notes
Name :
Question
Points
1
30
2
30
3
40
Total
100
1
Score
Question 1: 30 points
This question is about the principles of object-oriented program development and the basics of
Java.
[1a] (5 pts). Draw and label a diagram that shows the three types of relationships that can exist
between classes.
[1b] (5 pts). How would you extend the class hierarchy
Figure 1. : Inheritance in modeling of a structure
to represent a large building that contains a foot-bridge? (Just draw your solution on Figure
1).
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Now let’s consider the fragment of code:
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public static final int NoElements = 10;
int [] iData = new int[ NoElements ];
int ii = 0;
while ( ii < NoElements ) {
iData [ ii ] = 2*ii;
System.out.printf( "ii = %2d\n", ii );
if ( ii <= 7 ) {
ii = ii + 2;
} else {
ii = ii + 3;
}
}
[1c] (3 pts). What does code on line 1 do?
[1d] (3 pts). What does code on line 2 do?
[1e] (5 pts). Construct a table showing the “Loop No,” value of ii, ii < NoElements, the
program output, ii <= 7, and ii = ii + 2 and/or ii = ii + 3 in the looping construct:
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[1f ] (2 pts). What is the value of ii when the program execution reaches line 14 of the script?
[1g] (3 pts). Draw and label a diagram showing the layout of memory for iData and its element
values when the program reaches line 14.
[1h] (2 pts). Briefly explain why Java is both a compiled language and an interpreted language?
[1i] (2 pts). What is the purpose of the method main() in a Java application program?
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Question 2: 30 points
This question is about Java’s mechanisms for “programming by extension.” We begin with the
class Circle, which defines circles by their radius and (x,y) co-ordinates of the center, and then
develop a second class, ColoredCircle, for Colored cirles. The details of class Circle are as follows:
source code
/*
* =================================================================
* Circle(): This class defines circles.
* =================================================================
*/
import java.lang.Math.*;
public class Circle {
double dX, dY, dRadius;
// Constructor
public Circle() {}
public Circle( double dX, double dY, double dRadius ) {
this.dX = dX;
this.dY = dY;
this.dRadius = dRadius;
}
// Compute the circle area ....
public double Area() {
return Math.PI*dRadius*dRadius;
}
// Copy circle parameters to a string format ...
public String toString() {
return "(x,y) = (" + dX + "," + dY + "): Radius = " + dRadius;
}
// Exercise methods in class Circle ...
public static void main( String [] args ) {
System.out.println("Exercise methods in class Circle");
System.out.println("================================");
Circle cA = new Circle( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 );
System.out.println("Circle cA : " + cA.toString() );
System.out.println("Circle cA : Area = " + cA.Area() );
}
}
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And the details of class ColoredCircle are as follows:
source code
/*
* =================================================================
* coloredCircle(): This class defines colored circles.
* =================================================================
*/
import java.awt.Color;
public class ColoredCircle extends Circle {
private Color color;
// Constructor methods
public ColoredCircle() {
super();
this.color = Color.red;
}
public ColoredCircle( double dX, double dY,
double dRadius, Color color ) {
super();
this.dX = dX;
this.dY = dY;
this.dRadius = dRadius;
this.color
= color;
}
// Retrieve colors ....
public String getColors() {
return "Color (r,g,b) = (" + color.getRed() +
"," + color.getGreen() +
"," + color.getBlue() + ")";
}
// ===============================================
// Exercise methods in class ColoredCircle()......
// ===============================================
public static void main( String [] args ) {
System.out.println("Exercise methods in class ColoredCircle");
System.out.println("=======================================");
// Create, initialize, and print circle "cA" ...
ColoredCircle cA = new ColoredCircle( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Color.blue );
cA.dX = 1.0;
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cA.dY = 2.0;
cA.dRadius = 3.0;
cA.color
= Color.blue;
System.out.println( "Circle cA:" + cA.toString() );
System.out.println( cA.getColors() );
// Create, initialize, and print circle "cB" ...
ColoredCircle cB = new ColoredCircle( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Color.orange );
System.out.println( "Circle cB:" + cB.toString() );
System.out.println( cB.getColors() );
}
}
The program input/output generated by main() in Circle is:
prompt >> java Circle
Exercise methods in class Circle
================================
Circle cA : (x,y) = (1.0,2.0): Radius = 3.0
Circle cA : Area = 28.274333882308138
prompt >>
And the program output generated by main() in ColoredCircle is:
prompt >> java ColoredCircle
Exercise methods in class ColoredCircle
=======================================
(x,y) = (1.0,2.0): Radius = 3.0
Color (r,g,b) = (0,0,255)
(x,y) = (1.0,2.0): Radius = 3.0
Color (r,g,b) = (255,200,0)
prompt >>
Please examine the source code carefully and answer the following questions.
[2a] (2 pts). Draw and label a schematic showing the relationship between the classes Circle and
ColoredCircle.
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[2b] (3 pts). List the variables and methods contained within the class Circle.
[2c] (2 pts). What is the purpose of the line
import java.lang.Math.*;
in Circle.java? And why is it needed by this program?
[2d] (3 pts). Suppose that the line:
Circle cA = new Circle( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 );
in method main() of Circle is replaced by:
Circle cA = new Circle( );
How would you modify the source code so that the overall functionality of main() remains
unchanged?
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[2e] (3 pts). How would you modify Circle.java so that the circle area is printed to three
decimal places of accuracy (i.e., Circle cA: Area = 28.274).
[2f ] (3 pts). List the variables and methods defined in the source code for ColoredCircle
[2g] (3 pts). List the variables and methods available to ColoredCircle via inheritance mechanisms from Circle
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[2h] (3 pts). What is the purpose of each term in:
public class ColoredCircle extends Circle {
[2i] (2 pts). What is the purpose of the method call super() in
public ColoredCircle() {
super();
this.color = Color.red;
}
Suppose that Circle.java and ColoredCircle.java are located in the same directory (with no
other files present).
[2j] (3 pts). List the files that will exist in the directory before and after the compilation command:
prompt >> javac Circle.java
[2k] (3 pts). Now suppose that all of the bytecode files in Part 2j are deleted. List the files that
will exist in the directory before and after the compilation command:
prompt >> javac ColoredCircle.java
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Question 3: 40 points
This question covers Java Programming with abstract classes and array lists.
Absract class
Shape
Rectangle
Circle
Location
Triangle
Figure 2. Relationship among the classes Shape, Location, Rectangle, Circle and Triangle.
Figure 2 shows the relationship among the classes Shape, Location, Rectangle, Circle and Triangle. The following code is a snapshot of the actual implementation that only covers Shape.java,
Location.java, Rectangle.java and the test program defined in EngineeringProperties.java.
Shape.java. The details of Shape.java are as follows:
public abstract class Shape {
Location c = new Location();
public
public
public
public
public
abstract
abstract
abstract
abstract
abstract
double
double
String
double
double
getX();
getY();
toString();
perimeter();
area();
}
Location.java. The (x,y) coordinates of a point are handled in Location.java.
public class Location {
double dX, dY;
}
Rectangle.java. The details of Rectangle.java are as follows:
public class Rectangle extends Shape {
double dSide1, dSide2;
public Rectangle ( double dSide1, double dSide2, double dX, double dY ) {
this.dSide1 = dSide1;
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this.dSide2 = dSide2;
c.dX = dX;
c.dY = dY;
}
public String toString() {
return "Rectangle : Side1 = " + dSide1 + " Side2 = " + dSide2 ;
}
public double perimeter() {
return 2.0*(dSide1 + dSide2);
}
public double area() {
return dSide1*dSide2;
}
public double getX() { return c.dX; }
public double getY() { return c.dY; }
}
EngineeringProperties.java.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class EngineeringProperties {
public static void main ( String args[] ) {
// Create and initialize a grid of ten shapes
List shapes = new ArrayList();
Shape s0 = new Rectangle( 0.25, 0.25, 0.0, 2.0 );
Shape s1 = new Rectangle( 0.25, 0.25, 1.0, 1.0 );
// Add shapes to the array list ....
shapes.add( s0 );
shapes.add( s1 );
// Compute and print total shape area .....
double dArea = 0.0;
for (int ii = 1; ii <= shapes.size(); ii = ii + 1) {
Shape s = (Shape) shapes.get(ii-1);
dArea = dArea + s.area();
}
System.out.println("");
System.out.printf("Total Area
= %10.2f\n", dArea );
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System.out.println("---------------------------------");
}
}
Please look at the source code carefully and answer the questions that follow:
[3a] (5 pts). Write a main() method for Rectangle.java. The method should allocate and initialize
an object of type Rectangle and then print its contents.
Now suppose that the new version of Rectangle.java (containing your main() method) is compiled
without error.
[3b] (3 pts). What command would you give to run the Rectangle program? (Please do not write:
I’d press the run button).
[3c] (3 pts). What will the program output look like?
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[3d] (5 pts). Draw and label a diagram showing the layout of memory produced by the statement:
Rectangle rA = new Rectangle( 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0 );
Note: Make sure that you capture the relationship between Rectangle, Shape and Location.
[3e] (4 pts). What is the purpose of the method toString() in the statement?
System.out.println( rA.toString() );
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Now let’s move onto Shape.java.
[3f ] (5 pts). List two ways in which an abstract class (e.g., Shape.java) differs from a regular class
(e.g., Circle.java).
[3g] (5 pts). Draw and label a diagram showing the layout of memory that occurs after the block
of statements:
List shapes = new ArrayList();
Shape s0 = new Rectangle( 0.25, 0.25, 0.0, 2.0 );
Shape s1 = new Rectangle( 0.25, 0.25, 1.0, 1.0 );
shapes.add( s0 ); shapes.add( s1 );
has finished.
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[3h] (5 pts). The block of code:
double dArea = 0.0;
for (int ii = 1; ii <= shapes.size(); ii = ii + 1) {
Shape s = (Shape) shapes.get(ii-1);
dArea = dArea + s.area();
}
walks along the arraylist and computes total area of the shapes. Construct a simple table to
show the value of dArea as a function of variable ii.
[3i] (5 pts). Briefly indicated how you would modify the body of main() to take advantage of Java
Generics.
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