ITU Workshop on
“Bridging the Standardization Gap”
(Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012)
ITU-T activities and standards
(L.1400, L.1410) on
ICT and Climate Change
L.1400: Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing
the environmental impact of ICT
L.1410:Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information
and communication technologies (ICT) goods, networks and services
Takafumi Hashitani
ITU-T Study Group 5,
Q.18 Associate Rapporteur
thashi@jp.fujitsu.com
Q18: Methodology of environmental impact assessment of ICT
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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Before Backgraund: My activity
The installation of the solar photovoltaic system
in my home.
This short presentation will become help that
clarifies why the methodology of an
environmental assessment is necessary.
The introduction of this part (8sheets) is not
published in ITU WEB site.
☞ Please focus on the screen.
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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Current State of Global Warming
 Compared to the end of the 20th century, the average global ground temperature in the 21st
century is predicted to increase by about 1.8˚C(1.1-2.9˚C) in societies realizing both environment
conservation and economic growth on a global scale, and by about 4.0˚C(2.4-6.4˚C) in societies
realizing high economic growth while placing importance on fossil energy.
Elevated levels of world ground temperature （℃）
 Efforts to reduce greenhouse gases are being implemented worldwide to achieve the targets
established for the Kyoto Protocol first commitment period (2008 to 2012).
(年)
<Increase in ground temperature
(comparison with 1980 to 1999)> <Increase in annual average temperature in 21st century
Year
(comparison with 1980 to 1999)>
*Increases in 2090 to 2099 based on 1980 to 1999
Source: IPCC 4th evaluation report (Integrated report) (November 2007)
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Global Warming Issues and ICT
 ICT itself produces CO2 emissions through consumption of electric power to operate equipment / systems.
 On the other hand, ICT usage can contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions through a marked
improvement in efficiency in regarding production, consumption, and business activities, also in traffic
alternatives, and a reduction in traffic volume.
Improvement of energy
use efficiency
Improved efficiency in production
and consumption of products
• ＩＴＳ(Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights)
• BEMS(Building energy management system)
• HEMS(Household energy management system)
Reduced movement of
people and products
•
•
•
•
Online shopping, online trading
Telework, TV conferencing
Music, video, and software distribution
e-application (tax declaration, online receipt)
General
households
Production/
distribution/
transportation
• Supply chain management
• e-publication and distribution
• Paperless office
Environmental measurement
and predictions
Offices/
shops
• Radar for measuring CO2
• Sensing network
• Global simulator
Use of ICT
Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting spread of ICT use
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ITU Kyoto Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change
1. Outline of the Symposium
・
・
・
・
Dates: April 14 to 15, 2008
Venue: Kyoto International Conference Center
Organizers: MIC of Japan, ITU
Objective: In response to the UN secretary-general’s request that ITU, as the UN agency specializing in the
telecommunications sector, investigate how ICTs can be used to combat climate change, this
symposium was organized to share understandings on the relationship between ICTs and climate
change and discuss future ITU activities.
・ Participants: Approx. 220 representatives of the private sector, research institutes,
international organizations and governments of 23 countries
・ Chairman: Mr. Takashi Hanazawa, Senior VP, Director, R&D Planning Dept, NTT
2. Summary of Chairman’s Report
・ The ICT sector produces some 2% of total CO2 emissions. The use of ICTs can help reduce the remaining
98% produced by other sectors. Furthermore, ICTs play a vital role in the monitoring of and adaptation to
climate change.
・ Initiatives toward energy-saving for equipment and systems as well as initiatives for the best use of ICTs
should be promoted.
・ Methodologies for evaluating CO2 emissions reductions through the use of ICT should be standardized.
To conduct research for that purpose, a Focus Group open to non-members should be established.
3. ITU
・ The first Focus Group meeting concerning climate change was held on 1-3 September. Furthermore, plans for
research on measures against climate change for the next study period (2009 to 2012) will be developed at WTSA08 in Johannesburg in October.
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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Introduction
ITU, The UN agency responsible for ICT
193 Member States and more than 700 Sector Members
Co-operations include on methodologies :
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ITU-T Study Group Environment and Climate Change
Question on methodologies
3 recommendations published
3 recommendations under preparation
Introduction
L.1400 Overview and general principles
http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1400
L.1410 Environmental impact of ICT goods, networks and services
http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1410
L.1420 Environmental impact of ICT in organisations
http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1420
L.1430 Environmental impact of ICT projects (consent expected in
2012)
L.1440 Environmental impact of ICT in cities (consent expected in
2013)
L.1450 Environmental impact of ICT in countries (consent expected
in 2013)
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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Environmental aspects of ICT
The LCA approach
Minimization towards
Environmentally
Sustainable ICT Sector
Environmental load
caused by ICT
Negative Aspects on Environment
 Consumption of energy
 Consumption of natural resources
 Generation of waste
Environmental load
reduction achieved
by ICT
Maximization towards
Environmentally
Sustainable Society
Positive Aspects on Environment
Dematerialization (digitization of
information)
Reduction of movement and
transportation
Making industry and lifestyles
more efficient
etc.
Should quantify both environmental aspects.
Positive and Negative aspect on Environment
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ICT Governor’s Meeting
The LCA aaproach
ICT
2%
CO2
emission
Non-ICT
98%
Source: Gartner/HP/McKinsey/WWF
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ICT Governor’s Meeting
ICT
The LCA aaproach
2%
CO2
emission
Non-ICT
98%
Source: Gartner/HP/McKinsey/WWF
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15
Reduce Environmental impact By ICT
Committed to Connecting the World
The LCA aaproach
Reduction in movement of people and goods
- Teleconferences -
Improve energy efficiency
- ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) -
Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012
Reduction in volume of goods consumed
- Electronic account settlement -
Effective use of space
- Stock control -
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The LCA approach
What is LCA? What is LCA for?
The increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection,
and the possible impacts associated with products, both manufactured
and consumed, has increased interest in the development of methods to
better understand and address these impacts. One of the techniques
being developed for this purpose is life cycle assessment (LCA).
LCA can assist in
⎯ identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of
products at various points in their life cycle,
⎯ informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-government
organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting,
product or process design or redesign),
⎯ the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance,
including measurement techniques, and
⎯ marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making an
environmental claim, or producing an environmental product declaration).
For practitioners of LCA, ISO 14044 details the requirements for
conducting an LCA.
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LCA Framework
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The LCA approach
Direct applications of the results of LCA or LCI studies, i.e.
the applications intended in the goal and scope definition of
the LCA or LCI study, are depicted in this Figure
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Benefits of an LCA approach
To provide an assessment of the environmental
impact of a product system as a basis for
The LCA approach
improving it
To understand the relative importance of different
life cycle stages /activities - where to put best
efforts for improvement
To monitor performance improvements over time
RAW
MATERIAL
ACQUISITION
PRODUCTION
Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012
USE
END OF LIFE
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ISO has standardized the Life Cycle Assessment
methodology with the publication in 2006 of 2
The LCA approach
documents
ISO 14040 “Environmental management- Life cycle
assessment-Principles and framework”
ISO 14044 ”Environmental management- Life –cycle
assessment- Requirements and guidelines”
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The LCA approach
Limitations of LCA
“LCA addresses potential environmental
impact:
LCA does not predict absolute or precise
environmental impacts due to the relative
expression of potential impacts to a reference
unit, the integration of environmental data over
space and time, the inherent uncertainty in
modeling environmental impacts, and the fact
that some possible environmental impacts are
clearly future impacts”
ISO 14040: 2006 Section 4.3
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
L.1400: Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing
the environmental impact of ICT
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L.1400 Overview and general principles
L.1400 purpose
The Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 presents general principles on
assessing
the
environmental
impact
of
information
and
communication technologies (ICT) and outlines the different
methodologies that are being developed:
• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT goods,
networks, and services
• Assessment
of
the
environmental
impact
of
ICT
in
organizations
• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT projects
• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in cities
• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in countries or
group of countries.
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L.1400 Overview and general principles
L.1400 : Environmental impact categories
The following categories of environmental impacts are commonly assessed:
• Global warming potential
or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
• Energy consumption
• Raw material depletion
• Photochemical ozone creation
• Air acidification
• Water eutrophication
• Water depletion
• Water toxic emissions
• Ozone depletion
• Hazardous waste generation
• Air toxic emissions
The series of ITU-T Recommendations on methodology will focus on both
Greenhouse gas emissions and Energy consumption .
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L.1400 Overview and general principles
L.1400 : Energy consumption and GHG emissions
The series of ITU-T Recommendations on methodology focus, for their first
versions, on both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
This selection has been carried out in the context of two key concern areas:
• Oil production peak: an important number of experts consider that we
are approaching a peak or rather a wavy plateau in the world's
conventional oil production. After this period, which could start before
2020, the world's conventional oil production will decrease. It is expected
that the price of energy will rise and security of supply will get harder in
that context.
• Climate Change due to human activities: the IPCC (Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change) considers that the impact of anthropogenic
greenhouse gas on the Earth's climate change is very likely.
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L.1400 Overview and general principles
L.1400 : General principles to follow (1/2)
Assessment of environmental impacts should be
performed on a full life-cycle perspective for
goods, networks and services
Boundaries should be selected, quoted,
documented and made available for verification
Quantification methodologies should be selected,
quoted, documented and made available for
verification
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L.1400 Overview and general principles
L.1400 : General principles to follow (2/2)
Reliable data should be researched. Used data
should be quoted, documented and made
available for verification
Bias and uncertainties should be documented
and reduced as far as it is practicable
It should be noted that results of assessments
may vary significantly depending upon the
selection of boundaries, the quantification
methodologies selected and data used
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
L.1410:Methodology for environmental impact assessment
of information and communication technologies (ICT)
goods, networks and services
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
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Impact of Goods, Networks and Services
L.1410 : What is it ? What is it for ?
It is a Recommendation that complements ISO 14040 and ISO
14044 and provides guidance on how to assess environmental
impacts of ICT Goods, Networks and Services
It has been built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector
and governments. It has been built to be consistent with EC/JRC, ETSI, IEC
and GHG Protocol ICT supplement initiatives
There are 2 Parts in the Recommendation:
Part I : ICT Lifecycle assessment: framework and guidance
Part II : Comparative analysis between ICT and baseline scenario :
framework and guidance
The 2 Parts describe clear steps to follow in order to assess
environmental impacts over the entire life cycle
This helps identify what are the major activities and life cycle stages
impacting the environment, design and prepare action plans and prioritize
actions
This helps identify risks, save costs and develop new opportunities
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
L.1410 Part I
Relationship between methodologies of LCA for ICT Good Networks
and services
ICT services
ICT networks
ICT goods
ICT Networks are composed of ICT goods and ICT services utilize
ICT networks: ICT Goods are the basis for the methodologies for
ICT networks and ICT services.
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
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L.1410 Part I: What are the steps to follow?
 General requirements
 Goal and scope definition  Life Cycle Inventory
 Functional unit definition

 System

boundaries
definition
 Cut-off rules

Data collection
Data calculation
Allocation procedure
 Life
Cycle
assessment
impact
 Data quality requirements  Life cycle interpretation
 Reporting
Refer in detail:
Information and Training Session on ITU Methodologies for
Assessing the Environmental Impact of ICT
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/ITS/201204/Pages/programme.aspx
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
L.1410 Part I Reporting : example
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
L.1410 Part I Reporting : example
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
L. 1410 Part II : key principles
There are two target systems for comparative analysis
1.
Comparison between a reference product system and an ICT service
e.g. travel to a face to face meeting (flight, train, car, hotel stays) versus
the use of a Video conferencing service
2.
Comparison between two ICT goods or two ICT networks or two ICT
services
e.g. an old data centre compared to a “Green” efficient one
•
Key principles :
Systems must be compared using the same functional
unit and equivalent methodological considerations, such as system
boundary, data quality, allocation procedures and cut off rules (if applied)
In a comparative analysis what one is seeking to capture is the difference
between the two systems rather than the magnitude of both
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
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L.1410 Part II : What are the steps to follow ?
 General requirements
 Data quality requirements
 Goal and scope definition
 Life Cycle Inventory
 Functional unit in the case of
 Life Cycle impact assessment
comparison
 System boundaries definition
 Cut-off rules
 Life cycle interpretation
 Reporting
N.b. For Part II which is a comparative analysis between an ICT system and
a reference product system the above steps need to be carried out on
BOTH the ICT system and the reference product system
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Comparison categories
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EI: Environmental impact
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L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
L. 1410 Part II, example of reporting
Example of comparative evaluation between ICT and reference product system
with categories of life cycle stages.
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Pilot Telemedicine Project (in Laos)
38
Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012
Pilot Telemedicine Project (in Laos)
Remote medical diagnosis saves CO2 emitted by transporting patients
After
implementation
Before
implementation
■ It was necessary to move patients Implementatio
434km by air.
n of ICT
* About 180 patients/year
CO2 was reduced by 16.5 tons/year
mainly energy used to transport patients
・ Removed burden of transport costs from patients.
・ Reduced personnel costs and work time of medical treatment
personnel.
・ Lowered burden on medical staff at both locations.
・ Improved quality and efficiency of medical treatment services.
Copyright 2011 FUJITSU LIMITED
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39
Details
CO2 emissions at each term
Term
Travel
Before
After
(-) Saving
(+)
Impact
49.1
32.1
-17.0
- Diagnosis for patients
- Trainings and information exchange
5.1
4.4
-0.7
Office space for ICT equip.
0.0
0.1
+0.1
Power consumption of ICT
0.0
0.1
+0.1
0.0
1.0
+1.0
54.2
37.7
-16.5
- Transportation of patients
- Business trip of physicians and nurses
Person-Hour
- Facility energy for ICT equip.
-Power consumption installed ICT equip.
Data communication
- Consulting and information exchange on internet.
- Reporting the state of patients by telephone
Total
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[t-CO2/year]
40
Result
 CO2 Savings 16.5 t-CO2/year (- 30%)
１００％
54.2 t-CO2
9.4 %
Travel
Person-Hour
Power consumption of ICT
Data communication
-16.5 t-CO2
(- 30 %)
８０％
37.8 t-CO2
６０％
8.2 %
４０％
1.9 %
0.3 %
90.6 %
59.3 %
２０％
０％
before
after
＜Study Case＞
・Round trip distance from Luang Prabang to Vientiane ：434km
・Treated Patients :15 [person/month]*12[month/year]＝180 [person/year]
:10 [person/month]*12[month/year]＝120 [person/year]
・Business trip
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Impact of organizations
What is Recommendation L.1420 ? What is it for?
It is a Recommendation that provides guidance on how to assess
environmental impacts of ICT in organizations.
It has been built with a large number of representatives from the ICT
sector and governments. It deals with energy consumption and GHG
emissions.
It is in line with widely used international voluntary measuring and
reporting schemes. It complements ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol.
This Recommendation covers:
The assessment of the life cycle environmental impact of ICT Goods,
Networks and Services used by an organization (“Non-ICT organizations”)
The assessment of the environmental impact of an ICT organization (“ICT
organizations”)
The reporting of these impacts to ensure fair and transparent
communications
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L.1420 : Scope
L.1420 ICT in Organizations
The assessment of the environmental impact of an ICT
organization.
An ICT organization is an organization, the core activity of which is
directly related to the design, production, promotion, sales or
maintenance of ICT goods, networks or services.
The assessment of the life cycle environmental impact of ICT
Goods, Networks and Services used by an non-ICT organization .
Other organizations
The interpretation of these impacts and their fair and transparent
reporting
Documentation is required
This Recommendation does not address rebound effects
Rebound effects are still under study
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L.1420 : Scope (continued)
The Recommendation covers the 3 following scopes:
L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Scope 1 (Direct emissions): Activities owned or controlled by your
organization that release emissions straight into the atmosphere.
Examples of scope 1 emissions include emissions from combustion in owned or
controlled boilers, furnaces, vehicles.
Scope 2 (Energy indirect): Emissions being released into the
atmosphere associated with your consumption of purchased electricity,
heat, steam and cooling.
These are indirect emissions that are a consequence of your organization's
activities but which occur at sources you do not own or control.
Scope 3 (Other indirect): Emissions that are a consequence of your
actions, which occur at sources which you do not own or control and
which are not classed as scope 2 emissions.
Examples of scope 3 emissions are business travel by means not owned or
controlled by your organization, waste disposal, or purchased materials.
Assessment and reporting for scope 1 and scope 2 emissions are
mandatory.
Assessment and reporting for scope 3 emissions are optional.
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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L.1430 ICT Projects
Impact of ICT projects in cities
L.ICT projects (to become L.1430), under preparation
This Recommendation will specify principles, requirements and
methods in order to quantify, monitor and report GHG emission
reductions, energy consumption savings, energy efficiency
improvements resulting from ICT projects, in complement to
ISO 14064-2 and GHG Protocol.
It is built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and
governments and in relationship with the UNFCCC.
It is expected that L.1430 will provide requirements and
guidance for :
planning an ICT project and its baseline scenario;
identifying and selecting GHG sources, sinks and storages relevant to the
ICT project and baseline scenario;
identifying and selecting energy consumption sources, generators and
storages relevant to the ICT project and baseline scenario;
managing data quality;
monitoring, quantifying, documenting and reporting ICT project
performance; and
validating and/or verifying the ICT project plan or report.
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Examples of ICT projects
L.1420 Organisations
This Recommendation could for example be used for the
following type of projects :
Real Time Navigation systems
Creation of Datacenters
Smart buildings
Smart grid
Smart mobility
Creation of new connected work places
Remote public services with videoconferencing
Connected hospital
…
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis Approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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L.1440 ICT in cities
L.ICT in cities (to become L.1440), under
preparation
This Recommendation will present general principles on how to
evaluate the environmental impact of Information
communication technologies (ICT) in cities, or other urban
areas with a focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
It is built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and
governments and in relationship with UNEP and UN-HABITAT. Your
participation is welcome !
It is expected that L.1440 will cover the following aspects :
aggregation of impacts at cities level of ICT goods, networks and services
aggregation of impacts at cities level of ICT in organizations
Impacts of ICT projects in cities, for instance in the construction sector, the
energy sector, the transport sector
L.1440 will in particular cover how to assess the impacts of the use of
ICT in cities to reduce the GHG emissions of other sectors
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Agenda
Background
Introduction
The Life Cycle Analysis approach
Recommendation L.1400 Overview and general principles
Recommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and Services
Recommendation L.1420 ICT in Organizations
Recommendation L.1430 ICT Projects
Recommendation L.1440 ICT in Cities
Conclusions
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Conclusions
The Life Cycle Analysis approach allows to :
To understand the relative importance of different life cycle stages
and where to put best efforts for improvement
To monitor performance improvements over time
ITU-T Recommendation L.1410 and Recommendation L.1420 are
available for free
They cover the assessment of ICT Goods, Networks and Services and
the assessment of ICT in organizations
Suggestions for improvements are welcome
ITU-T Recommendations L.ICT projects and L.ICT in cities are
under development
Suggestions and contributions are welcome
Next meeting to discuss contributions is expected to take place in
Geneva on October 8-12, 2012
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Thank you !
Jean-Manuel Canet, Rapporteur
Question on methodologies, ITU-T SG 5
Orange Consulting
jean-manuel.canet@orange.com
Takafumi Hashitani,
Associate Rapporteur
Question on methodologies, ITU-T SG 5
Fujitsu
thashi@jp.fujitsu.com
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/
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References
Committed to Connecting the World
Following references were presented
by MIC (Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications ) in Japan
before L.1410 published.
Although these may be necessary to
re-evaluation in accordance with
L.1410, as good examples, will be
posted for reference.
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