A Vision for The
European Research
Area 2030
John Wood
Chair European Research Area Board
Imperial College, London
31/05/2016
1
The future is not what it used to be!
Empowering researchers to own
the future.
• Research is increasingly global –
what can little Europe do? How can
we work together more effectively?
• Grand challenges are pressing –
what is the role for small scale
research?
2
Burying our heads in the sand- the
status quo is not an option!
• The world of research is changing
• Still need for bottom up ideas but….
– The challenges before the world are so immense that
we need to look at how we train people to fit into large
teams yet retain their own individual identity and allow
room for individual creativity.
– Is the idea of the conventional Ph.D. past its sell by
date? How should we train and conduct research in this
environment?
• The need for well managed RIs both physical and
dispersed are going to be crucial
3
Upcoming issues
•Globalisation of research
•The real impact of e-research
•Increasing requirement to deliver
“whole body” solutions within a global
context
•Impact of large research
infrastructures
•To what extent do we start to see the
student/researcher as a cog in a large machine.
•Where is creativity in this context?
4
No longer one technique in one
place!
•Many research areas demand a multitechnique approach.
• Users are not necessarily expert in
these techniques
– E.g. Biologists will send samples and
remotely access data.
•Grid will enable several scientists to
control experiments in real time
•Interoperability between equipment
and data sets becomes imperative.
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Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
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Science driver:-
Integration of Data (and publications)
Neutron diffraction
X-ray diffraction
NMR
}
}
High-quality
structure
refinement
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The Centrality of Research
Infrastructures for Innovation
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EUSAAR (Environment)
Integrating European research infrastructures for
the measurements of atmospheric properties
TA (~0.2 M€):
11 ground-based stations for atmospheric research
EC contribution: 5.1 M€
NA (~3.2 M€):
• Standards and exchange of good practices on
sampling, measurement and analysis of aerosol
parameters
• Training on aerosol sampling and measurements
• Web portal and Database on aerosol products
JRA (1.7 M€):
• Methodology for determining aerosol optical
density
• Standard procedures for aerosol hygroscopic
growth determination
• A real time data collection of aerosol
measurements
A network of research stations exploiting the
diversity of regional backgrounds
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IA-SFS (Analytical Facilities)
Integrating Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser facilities
EC contribution: 27 M€
TA (~19 M€):
• 15 installations, with 4000 users from a very
broad spectrum of disciplines
NA (~2 M€):
• Specialized workshops, conferences and schools
(support areas of transnational cooperation)
• Exchange of scientists
JRA (~6 M€):
• European platform for Protein Crystallography
• Development of:
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Instrumentation for Femtosecond Pulses
Diffractive x-ray optics
Superconducting Undulator
Photoinjector for X-ray Free Electron Lasers
Offering a common access platform and
triggering coherent future developments
10
The ESFRI Roadmap is an
ongoing process
• First edition 2006 and
updated in 2008 with 44
projects
• Preparatory phase funding for
most with second round soon
• About 10 will fly by 2010
• European X-FEL first to go
real – civil construction
started in 2009 and
International convention
agreed 2 days ago.
11
Preparatory Phase SSH Projects
CESSDA
Council of European Social Science
Data Archives
Till December 2009
ESS
European Social Survey
Till May 2010
Copyright © 2009 Norwegian Social Sciences Data Services
CLARIN
Common Language Resources and
Technology Infrastructure
Till December 2010
DARIAH
Digital Research Infrastructure for the
Arts and Humanities
Till September 2010
SHARE
Survey on Health, Ageing and
Retirement in Europe
Till December 2009
Grenoble, September 10, 2009
12
Council of European Social Science Data Archives - CESSDA
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a distributed research infrastructure
20 social science data archives in 20 European Countries
access for researchers to high quality data
integrating the work of Members
•
one-stop shop for data
•
increase the quality of available data
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Estimated costs
Preparation: 4.165 M€ (2.7M€ from the
Commission)
Construction: ~30M€
Operation: 3 M€/year once fully developed
Decommissioning: not applicable
www.cessda.org
Brussels, 25 September 2008
13
Facts About CESSDA

CESSDA a cooperation between institutions in 20 European
countries. It has existed for more than 30 years.

CESSDA is based on data transfer agreements between the
members and it gives access for the scientific community to
international and national data collections generated across the
public (governmental), academic and commercial sectors.

The CESSDA members are holding more than 25.000 datasets and
did deliver 70.000 datasets to 6.500 individual researchers in 2007.

It is a federation funded nationally and without any central
resources and exists on minimal funds.

A new legal entity with long term funding will maximize the ability
of the research community to have access to the needed resources
to conduct high quality research.
Brussels, 12 June 2009
14
Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities- DARIAH
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long-term access to and preservation of research data
and digitalheritage materials
making sure data can be found and accessed
making interpretation tools available
preserving data for future analysis
standardizing tools and datasets for interoperability
Estimated costs
Preparation: 3,7M€ (2,5M€ from the Commission)
Construction : 12M€
Operation: 4 M€/yeararatory phase
Decommissioning: not applicable
www.dariah.eu
Brussels, 25 September 2008
15
European Social Survey - ESS
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an academically driven long term pan-European
Instrument
monitoring changes in social values throughout Europe
produce data relevant to academic debate, policy
analysis, and better governance
data publicly available as soon as they are available with no prior access to anybody
more than 30 European countries participating
•
•
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Estimated costs
Preparation: 2 M€ (1.5 M€ from the Commission)
Construction and operation: €9m per year
Decommissioning: not applicable
www.europeansocialsurvey.org
Brussels, 25 September 2008
16
ESS
ESS Participation
4 rounds
3 rounds
2 rounds
•
1 round
All rounds to date
•
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Open and free access for noncommercial users
Funded by EC, European Science
Foundation, Research councils etc. in
participating countries
Four rounds available
Almost 7 000* unique users per year
*in 2009
NSD
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NSD is one of six partners
Data archive for ESS
Developed dynamic bibliographies for ESS data
Map existing sources for contextual data
NSD©2010
17
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe- SHARE
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multidisciplinary and crossnational panel database of
micro data
more than 30,000 individuals aged 50 or over
harmonised with the U.S. Health and Retirement
Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
the third wave is conducted in 19 nations
Estimated costs
Preparation : 250k€ per country/per wave (= 7.25M€ for 29 countries)
Construction: 400k€ per country/per wave (= 11.6M€ for 29 countries)
Operating: 300k€ per year
Decommissioning: not applicable
www.share-project.org
Brussels, 25 September 2008
18
Common Language Resources and technology Initiative - CLARIN
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large-scale pan-European coordinated infrastructure
language resources and technology to scholars of all disciplines
based on a Grid-type infrastructure
using Semantic Web technology
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Estimated costs
Preparation: 4.1 M€ (2008 – 2010)
Construction: 104 M€ (2011 - 2013)
Operation: 38 M€ (2014 - 2018)
Decommissioning: not applicable
www.clarin.eu
Brussels, 25 September 2008
19
What is CLARIN?
• Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure
(http://www.clarin.eu)
• Basic idea:
– European federation of digital archives with language data
and tools (text, speech, multimodal, gesture …)
– target audience humanities and social sciences scholars
– with uniform single sign-on access to the archives
– with access to language and speech technology tools to
retrieve, manipulate, enhance, explore and exploit data
– all languages are equally important
– to cover all EU and associated countries
RAMIRI Hamburg
Sept 2009 - Steven Krauwer
20
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Examples
• What the researcher should be able to ask:
– give me digital copies of all contemporary
documents that discuss the Great Plague of
England (1348-1350)
– give me all negative remarks about Islam or
about soccer in the 2008 proceedings of the
European Parliament
– find TV interviews that involve German
speakers with a Spanish accent
– summarize all articles in Le Figaro of August
2009 about Mr Barroso – in Polish
RAMIRI Hamburg
Sept 2009 - Steven Krauwer
21
21
Main challenges
Technical and linguistic
• Technical challenges:
– Interconnecting existing archives that may use very
different ways to encode and describe data
– Ensuring that existing language technology tools made
for material in archive A will also work for material in
archive B, and will work together
– Needed: common standards
• Linguistic challenges:
– Ensure that all languages are sufficiently covered
– Ensure that approach adopted fits for all languages
– Needed: broad consultation (e.g. about standards) and
verification (for each language)
RAMIRI Hamburg
Sept 2009 - Steven Krauwer
22
22
Main challenges
Take-up
• Take-up by target audience:
– aim at humanities and social sciences
scholars
– who have no technical background
– who have very little tradition in using
technological tools
• Special challenges:
– discovering what they need
– making them aware of the potential
benefits of the infrastructure, e.g. to
speed up or innovate their research
RAMIRI Hamburg
Sept 2009 - Steven Krauwer
23
23
Main challenges
Legal and ethical
• Legal challenges:
– making a light access and licensing system for
the users
– protecting owners’ rights and interests
– respecting national IPR legislation
• Special problems:
– transnational access and diversity of national
IPR and data legislation
– repurposed data (e.g. using novels or TV news
for linguistic studies)
– ethical & privacy considerations (e.g. use
recorded phone calls to train speech
recognition systems)
RAMIRI Hamburg
Sept 2009 - Steven Krauwer
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scientific data as an infrastructure
clinical
data
biology
data
LHC
data
astronomy
data
scientific data infrastructure
computing/data grid infrastructure
GÉANT network infrastructure
25
ESFRI Projects for Env. Sciences
IAGOS-ERI
EURO-ARGO
SIOS
Status
2009
AURORA BOREALIS
EISCAT-3D
EUFAR-COPAL
LIFEWATCH
EPOS
EMSO
ICOS
26
Large-scale e-Infrastructures for
Biodiversity Research
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Biodiversity loss, added to climate change,
requires entirely new approaches and
mitigation strategies.
A scientific challenge.
28
nd
Agriculture
Water
landscapes
Forestry
Soils / carbon stores
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The biodiversity system is complex
and cannot be described by the simple
sum of its components and relations
Experimentation on a few
parameters is not enough:
Limitations to scaling up
results for understanding
system properties
LifeWatch adds a new technology to
support the generation and analysis
of large-scale data-sets on biodiversity.
Find patterns and learn processes.
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Building blocks of the research infrastructure
Applications
Ecosystems
Analysis &
modelling
Species
Interoperability
Genes
Observatories
data
functions
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Distributed data generation
Continental ecological
monitoring sites
Marine monitoring sites
Plate observing system
Greenhouse gas measurements
Biological collections
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Architecture
Collaboration
Users
•Common Exploratory Environment
•Collaborative Virtual Organisations
Semantic annotation
E-Infrastructure
Analysis and processing
• Integration of resources
• Documented, shared workflows
• Grid computation
Composition
Resources
Data
• measurements,
observations & sensors
• other infrastructures (e.g. ELIXIR)
Statistical software
Distributed computing power
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Data + users from
other infrastructures
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XFEL: Office and Laboratory Building
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X-ray Free Electron
Laser
X-ray generation
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Peak Brightness [Phot./(s · mrad2 · mm2 · 0.1%bandw.)]
Peak brightness of pulsed X-ray sources
X-Ray FELs
Initial
Future
Ultrafast x-ray sources will
probe space and time with
atomic resolution.
ERLs
3rd Gen. SR
SPPS
2nd Gen. SR
Future
Initial
Laser Slicing
what do we do today
and
what tomorrow?
FWHM X-Ray Pulse Duration [ps]
H.-D. Nuhn, H. Winick
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Fascination - FELs for hard X-rays
The X-ray free-electron lasers
will provide coherent radiation
of the proper wavelength and
the proper time structure,
so that materials and the
changes of their properties
can be portrayed at atomic
resolution in four dimensions,
in space and time.
Diffraction pattern of 10 x 10 x
10 Au cluster
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The complete single
particle experiment
sample delivery
& diagnostics
X-ray delivery
X-ray generation
detectors
optical lasers
radiation damage
data
management
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Take a movie of chemical reactions
Schematic presentation of transition states in a
chemical reaction
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Coulomb Explosion von Lyzosym
Coulomb explosion of Lysozyme
Coulomb explosion of lysozyme (50 fs)
t=0
LCLS
50 fs
3x1 012 photons /100 nm spot
12 keV
t=50 fsec
t=100 fsec
Radiation damage
interferes with atomic
scattering factors and
atomic positions
28
ã Firmenam e (Referentennam e)
R. Neutze, R. Wouts, D. van der Spoerl, E. Weckert, J. Hajdu: Nature 406 (2000) 752-757
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The VUV-FEL user facility at DESY
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European XFEL Facility in Hamburg
phase II
HERA
phase I
PETRA
XFEL Length ca. 3.3 km
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1k x 1k system with 4 x 4 super
modules
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DAQ Challenge: 2D X-Ray
Detector Systems
100 ms
100 ms
600 ms
99.4 ms
LPD
200 ns
• 106 pixels per frame for one detector
•O(400-500) frames per train (goal, likely will start with less)
•10 trains per second (machine allows up to 30 Hz…)
•With 2 Byte/pixel  average rate 10 Gbyte/sec for one 2D
detector!
•Time between frames as short as 200ns  buffering needed
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Technology Forecast –
Storage at DESY
Year
Rate Capability
[Gbyte/sec]
Storage Space
[Petabyte]
2009
1
3
2012
5
26
2016
40
200
• not a technology problem
• money and manpower issues
• to be determined:
• user behaviour
• compression and accept/reject algorithms
• potentially critical: access to data!
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Today’ Situation at DESY
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–
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–
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SUN SL8500 Tape Robot
Installed at DESY in Jan 07
Up to 10,000 Cartridges
Multi library capability
Lifetime of about 5 to 10 years
(matter of running costs)
– Up to 64 drives possible
– Currently 30 drives LTO3 24
data/6 backup
– LTO3 400 GB/Cart, 120 MB/s
10,000 LTO3 Cartridges: 4 Petabyte
V.Gülzow et al.
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new “petaflop” supercomputers
PRACE
petaflop supercomputers
DEISA
virtual supercomputer
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GÉANT: connecting
Europe
Pan-European
coverage
(40+ countries /3900
universities / 30+
million students)
 Hybrid architecture:
 connectivity at 10
Gb/s (aggregated
traffic)
 dark fiber
wavelengths
(demanding
communities)
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GÉANT: global reach
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EGEE: large multi-science grids
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Astrophysics and
astroparticle physics
Biomedical and
bioinformatics
Computational chemistry
Computational sciences
High Energy Physics
Disaster recovery
Digital Libraries
Earth sciences
Infrastructure
Geophysics
Finance
>240 sites
Fusion
>50 000 CPUs, 25 Pbyte of storage
~100 000 jobs successfully completed per day
200 Virtual Organisations
>8000 registered users, representing 1000s of scientists
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Title of the presentation
 Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
– Fourth level
 Fifth level
31/05/2016
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eResearch: data everywhere
• Data collection
– Sensor networks, global
databases, local
databases, desktop
computer, laboratory
instruments,
observation devices,
etc.
• Data processing,
analysis, visualization
– Legacy codes,
workflows, data mining,
indexing, searching,
graphics, screens, etc.
• Archiving
– Digital repositories,
libraries, preservation,
etc.
SensorMap
Functionality: Map navigation
Data: sensor-generated temperature, video
camera feed, traffic feeds, etc.
Scientific visualizations
NSF Cyberinfrastructure report, March 2007
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The Problem for the eScientist /
eResearcher
Experiments &
Instruments
Other Archives
Literature
questions
facts
?
facts
answers
Simulations
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
Data ingest
Managing petabytes+
Common schema(s)
How to organize?
How to re-organize?
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How to coexist & cooperate with
other scientists and researchers?
Data query and visualization tools
Support/training
Performance


Execute queries in a minute
Batch (big) query scheduling
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The Information Infrastructure
the researcher acts
through ingest and access
Archival
Creation
The Body of
Knowledge
Virtual
Research
Environment
Access
Curation
Services
the researcher shouldn’t have to
Network
worry about the information infrastructure
Storage Compute
Information
Infrastructure
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PARSE
– Permanent Access to the
Records of Science in Europe
• European funded project – 2 years from
2008-2010
• Closely linked with European Alliance for
Permanent Access
• Roadmap of Science Data Infrastructure
• Based on UK’s Digital Curation Centre
• Is there a need for a common European
Data Storage Standard – UK’s UK
Research Data Storage Service – pilot
funding just agreed
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Facilitating the move from static
summaries
to rich information vehicles
• Pace of research is picking up…rapidly
• The status quo is being challenged and
researchers are demanding more
• Why can’t a research report offer more
…
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Big Issues
• Energy requirements
• Who protects the data ad eterna as
pubs are linked
• Data Terrorism
• Nation speaking unto nation or
project interlinking with project
• Lack of true large scale project
management experience
• Protectionism
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Edna St Vincent Millay
Sonnet
• Upon this gifted age, in its dark hour,
Falls from the sky a meteoric shower
Of facts...they lie unquestioned,
uncombined.
Wisdom enough to leech us of our ill
Is daily spun; but there exists no loom
To weave it into fabric...
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Some Initial Conclusions
• Big projects need proper management – the partnership
between the single discipline researcher and the global
environment is key
• How to develop Knowledge Infrastructures that are
dynamic?
• How to globally organise all this activity. EGI and www
approach is fine but we need to train researchers to work in
this environment?
• Whither the Virtual Research Environment?
• Researchers do not need to know what lies below the
surface but they do need to trust the outcomes and the
guardians
• The confidence to inform policy at an international level
must increase on all sides.
• We live in an exciting time! It could go horribly
wrong!!
60
Where does the European Research Area fit in to this
Global environment?
European Research Area Board (ERAB) created in July
2008
First Report October 2009
ERA 2030:
Preparing Europe for a New Renaissance
A Strategic View of the European Research Area
2009
61
ERA 2030: ERAB’s STRATEGIC VIEW
October 2009
62
Commissioner Janez Potocnik
This holistic thinking and approach epitomized
the first ‘Renaissance’, where scholars and artists
moved relatively freely around Europe among the
centres of learning and culture.While this privilege
was the domain of a few at that time, it should be
our ambition, in the new ‘Renaissance’, that this
should be the expectation of all citizens, especially
in the field of research and innovation.
The report does not seek to dictate detailed solutions
at this stage, but rather to highlight what the
ERA will look like in the future if it is fit for purpose
in achieving its aims. As we move into the second
decade of the ERA, it is essential that we raise our
ambitions for what can be done through a properly
functioning ERA.
63
New Renaissance
 In order to cope with the challenges ahead we need a ‘New
Renaissance’.
 The ‘New Renaissance’, is a paradigm shift in how we think,
live and interact, as well as a paradigm shift regarding the role
and place of science in society.
 The new renaissance calls for our rationality and creativity - the
fundamentals of science - to face the challenges and to help
‘’inventing’’ a new way of living.
 The ‘New Renaissance’ needs a thriving and open ERA by
2030.
64
ERAB’s view on the future of ERA
 Our ambition: ERA is instrumental for realising a new
Renaissance in Europe as a call to face the challenges
ahead and to help develop a new way of living.
 Our strategy: Six policy themes to underpin the
development of ERA.
 Our benchmarks: 30 milestones to measure progress
on the lay out of ERA.
65
Six strategic approaches for ERA
1.
A united ERA across Europe
2.
An ERA driven by societal
needs to address the ‘Grand
Challenges’
3.
An ERA based on a shared
responsibility between
science, policy and society
4.
An ERA of open innovation
between all public and private
stakeholders
5.
An ERA to deliver excellence
6.
An ERA of cohesion across
the continent
66
A united ERA to permit ideas and
people to move freely across a
dynamic, open society
67
An ERA driven by societal needs to
address the ‘Grand Challenges’
68
An ERA with shared responsibilities
for science, policy and society
69
An ERA of open innovation between
all public and private stakeholders
70
An ERA of excellence where risktaking will be the guiding principle
for ERA research policies.
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An ERA of cohesion across the
continent
72
Download the full report
from ERAB’s website
http://ec.europa.eu/research
/erab/publications_en.html
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Finally
• The way many will do research will
change.
• Citizen science will increase
• Links between data analysis and
policy making has to be secure
• It is very exciting but could go
horribly wrong.
• Proper management and long term
handling of data are key
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