Green Communication
P.K.PANIGRAHI
Ex Sr.DDG, Department of Telecommunications,
Government of India. New Delhi
pk_panigrahi@yahoo.com
+919868136555
5/31/2016
1
Agenda
 Introduction
 Current Scenario
 Green mobile network
 Government directives
 Centralized Information & Management System
 Green mobile phone
 conclusions
2
Introduction
 ICT sector is responsible for 2-3% of green house gas emission .About 70%

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
of mobile network Co2 emission comes from Radio Access Network
Telecommunication – a key driver of Economic and Social development
ICT has a very significant role to play in other sectors such as industrial
process, power stations, commercial/residential and transport
Information traffic is continuing to grow
Traffic volume of Internet to grow exponentially
Power consumption required for telecom will continue to increase as
information traffic increases
The green role of ICT is the emission reduction and energy savings within
the ICT sector
Need for efficient Powering & Self Powering of all communication devices
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3
Telecom Growth in India – Exponential
Total Telephone (Million)
1000
951.34
922
897.02
900
846.32
800
700
621.28
600
500
429.73
400
300.49
300
205.87
200
142.09
100
4
Nov/13
Jul/13
Mar/13
Nov/12
Jul/12
Mar/12
Nov/11
Jul/11
Mar/11
Nov/10
Jul/10
Mar/10
Nov/09
Jul/09
Mar/09
Nov/08
Jul/08
Mar/08
Nov/07
Jul/07
Mar/07
Nov/06
Jul/06
Mar/06
0
Electric Power Scenario
 One of the major challenge is availability of power supply
 More than 100,000 villages still remain to be electrified
 BTS sites beyond the reach of the electricity grid
 Electric supply not reliable & poor quality
 We necessarily invest in providing back up options for BTS
Power Availability – Mobile Tower Sites
(Source: TRAI Report)
Mobile
Cell Sites

Power Availability
Description
10%
More than 20 Hrs
Metro Cities , some Cities of Gujrat,
Chattisgarh & Punjab.
20%
16 – 20 Hrs
Most other major cities.
30%
12 – 16 Hrs
All Semi-urban and small urban towns.
25%
8 - 12 Hrs
Mostly rural areas.
15%
Less than 8 Hrs &
off-grid sites
Bihar, Assam, NE States, UP and J & K.
Almost 80-90% of power requirements for rural towers met by Diesel
Generator sets
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Two of the most common alternate
power solutions
 DG Set
 Transportation, storage, pilferage, high cost of diesel pose
major hurdles in operating DG sets
 Causes pollution (environmental & noise)
Battery
 Low voltage and intermittent supply of electricity renders
battery ineffective and battery doesn’t gets fully charged
due to unreliable supply of grid
Green Mobile Network
5/31/2016
Mobile Tower Profile
 There are about 7.46 lakhs mobile BTS and 5.85 Lakhs
mobile towers scattered all over the country
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
5/31/2016
Number of Towers
9
Cellular Towers – Power Requirement






Power Requirement/BTS : 1 - 3 KW (24X7)
Shared BTS
: 5 KW
Conventional Grid Power not available in most of the rural
areas
Available Grid Power quality is erratic
Telecom Operators depend mainly on Battery & Standby DG
Average fuel consumption- 8760 liters per tower per annum,
assuming 8 hours of operation by DG sets & total carbon
emission on account of diesel use by telecom towers is
estimated to be around 10mt of CO2 (Source :TRAI)
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10
Infrastructure – Active & Passive
 Active:


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Antenna system,
backhaul transmission system and
base station equipments.
Spectrum
 Passive:



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
Land
Cellular Tower,
Power Supply (Grid , Diesel Generator & RET power ),
SMPS
&
Battery.
11
Energy Efficient Strategies
Energy Saving Strategy – BTS:
• BTS are commonly designed for peak traffic load.
• Traditional practice of BTS continually turned ‘ON’ results in energy
wastage.
• Most of the time, the BTS is moderately loaded.
• Optimize and save energy consumption (EC) of BTS.
• Energy efficient operation- Dynamically switching ON/OFF Base stations
(and cells) according to traffic demand and net work conditions (coverage,
signal quality). Reported energy saving is up to 50%.
• Most of the energy saving is during night time/week ends.
• Sleep mode lengthen the battery life time.
Key of power saving in communication net work is “sleep mode”
12
Energy Efficient Strategies (contd…)
 Sharing of the passive infrastructure, i.e. power back-up (grid,
diesel generator, and solar), SMPS and storage battery in a BTS
site having more than one operator shall result in to significant
reduction in TCO( capex + opex) and 30% energy savings. For
new operators this will result in faster roll out of network
 Energy efficient, low power BTS equipment needs to be
planned for reduction of power consumption of the Cellular BTS
sites so that the RET solutions may be viable
13
•
Use of micro cells : High powered towers may be
avoided with “ energy efficiency analysis process”
by installing Large vs Small cells i.s low powered
micro cells, femto cells
•
Use of out door Distributed Antenna System
(DAS) in stead of large number antennas by
individual operators. DAS protects the ambiance
and aesthetics as well
14
Deployment of energy efficient network equipment
 Upgrade technology to operate at higher temperature
 Reduced need for Air conditioning by applying “ Free
Cooling”
 Efficiency improvement of power Amplifier.
 Tower top mounted radios OR
remote radio near
antenna (Feeder loss of about 3db is avoided)
(With the reduction of power consumption of the Base station, the
possibility that a base station can be powered by Alternative
energy sources becomes higher.)
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15
RET for Telecom Sector
Renewable Energy Technology (RET) options for telecom tower:
 Solar
 Wind
 Biomass
 Fuel Cell & Hybrid combinations
Solar and wind power are two natural energy resources which
provide virtually free energy at least in terms of OPEX.
The main investment involved is the additional initial CAPEX.
Battery : Lead Acid (VRLA) & (VRLA- gel), NiCd, Li-Ion
Environmental impact- Natural variation in Sunshine and Wind power.
Need for sufficient energy storage capacity battery & Back up power
source ( diesel generator)
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16
Solar Energy – A Natural Gift to India
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17
Wind Power Density - India
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18
Government Directives on RET
 TRAI gave recommendations on “Approach towards Green Telecommunications”
in April 2011.
 The Government issued directives in January 2012:
 At least 50% of rural towers and 20% of urban towers to be powered by hybrid power by
2015 (RET + Grid Power) and
 Minimum 75% of rural towers and 33% of urban towers are to be powered by hybrid power
by 2020 (RET + Grid Power)
 The service providers should aim at carbon emission reduction target for the
mobile networks:
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5% by the year 2012-2013
8% by the year 2014-2015
12% by the year 2016-2017
17% by the year 2018-2019
BTS power (2+2+2) combination 500 watts by 2020.
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National Telecom Policy
 National Telecom Policy (NTP 2012) lays down
the objectives of enhanced and continued
adoption of green policy in Telecom & Use of
Renewable Energy Sources for sustainability
 We are transitioning to Renewable Clean
Energy Technology
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20
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21
Hybrid Power Site Architecture
Battery bank
DG
Solar
Mains
Wind
Power
Management
Monitoring
Equipment
Specifications of SPV

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Solar Modules ≥ 150 Wp
Cell efficiency > 14%
Module efficency > 13%
Life : 15-20 Years
 Installation : South facing , placement angle as per
latitude of the place( Delhi : 29o )
 1 KWp : 10 m2, 3 - 4 Units/day,
Rs 190 thousands/2500 Euros
Specifications of WTG
Aero-generator rating
: 3-5 KW
Supply output
: 42-58 V regulated DC
Start up/ Cut in speed
: 3 m/s
Blade
Blade material
: 2/3
: Glass/carbon fiber
reinforced plastic
: 20 mtr
Height
Weight
: 90 Kg
1 KW WTG : 3 Units/day, Rs 100 thousand /1250 Euro
1. Shreepati Nagar, Sunderban , West Bengal- Solar
a. OFF Grid site.
Service Providers: Reliance / BSNL / Vodafone
Average Energy
: 1530 Units / Month
: 51 Units/day.
b. 20 KVA D.G. set running
: 16 hours / day
c. Solar array capacity
Battery
: 10 KWP
: VRLA -Gel
Average unit generated daily: 40.69 units/day
Unit Generated during a month: 1220.60
d. Fuel consumption reduced from 1320 to
165 liters/month & carbon emission reduced
from 3537 to 442 Kg/ month
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2. Shivarampura, Tumkur, Karnataka- Solar wind Hybrid
a. Grid site.
Service Providers
:Airtel/BSNL/Vodafone.
Average Energy Required: 2200 Units / Month.
:72 (36 + 36) Units / day
b. Grid Supply
: 6 hours / day
20 KVA D.G. set running : 10 hours / day.
c. Solar array capacity
WTG Capacity
Battery
: 10 KWP
: 5 KW
: VRLA -Gel
Average unit generated :49(37+12) Units / day
Unit Generated per month : 1470 (1110+360)
d. Fuel consumption reduced from 865 to
231 litres / month
&
carbon emission
reduced from 2318 to 619 Kg/ month
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3. Mullaukunnu, Kerala - Solar site of M/s Reliance
•Telecom operators: Reliance, Idea & Vodafone
• DG run hours after solariztion had been reduced from 16
Hrs/ day to less than 2 hours/ week
Average Load (KW)
Solar panel KWp
Battery Capacity
Type of Battery
DG Capacity(KVA)
A/C
Solar generation (
KWh)/day
5/31/2016
2.36
10
1030 AH
Ni-Cd
15
NA
41.7
27
48 V
DC
3-Ø
Service
Provider 1
SMPS 1 +1
AC DB +
surge
Protector
Battery Bank
48 V
DC
Automatic
Phase
Selector
Service
Provider 2
SMPS 1 +1
AC DB +
surge
Protector
Battery Bank
48 V
DC
20 KVA, 3-Ø
SMPS1+1
Earlier Supply arrangement
AC DB +
surge
Protector
Battery Bank
Service
Provider 3
Solar Module
3-Ø
Automatic
Phase
Selector
Wind Power
AC
Bus
48 V DC
Service
Provider 1
DC Bus
Service
Provider 2
Service
Provider 3
Master Controller
With
Solar MPPT
15 KVA, 1-Ø
SMPS (1+1)
Battery Bank (1+1)
Centralized DC Distribution
Energy Management Solution :
Control usage of power
Reduce wastage
Control
Monitor
Optimize
Real time monitoring of
parameters
Monitor all power
equipments
Monitor alarms
Optimal use of green energy
and reduced OpeX
Site Alerts Screen
Site Alerts : Attention, Critical and Fault based on dozens of configurable conditions
Alerts details for time of alerts
Comprehensive Site Views : Solar, DG, temperature…
Detailed Trend Graphs on key
operating parameters
Summary status for all key site
parameters
Details historical data
Sensor Data for
temperature, fuel level etc
Download data for analytics
Experience from Executed RET Projects
 Telecom operators now have experience of running telecom

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towers using solar PV system.
Diesel consumption substantially reduced, resulting in
reduction of carbon footprints.
Pay back period = 3-4 years
For scaling up of RET installations, the role of RESCO
(Renewable Energy Service Company), Managed service
providers is necessary.
RESCO’s have introduced the concept of micro finance to
tackle the problem of investment.
RESCOs require sufficient scale/ volume in cluster with a long
term contract for making their business model more viable.
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Advantages of Renewable Energy
 Un-interrupted, reliable power supply
 Clean, green, pollution free, low emission power
 Suits both off-grid and on-grid applications
 Saves from high-running cost of generator
 Quality DC power out-put to charge directly the
storage battery or provide direct power to telecom
installations
 Easy installation, longer life
 Low gestation period
 Low operating cost
Centralized Information & Management System
[Web Based Energy Monitoring System
(wEMS)]
For Mobile BTS Towers
35
Network Operations Center (NOC) :
Site - C
Site - B
Site - A
GSM/GPRS
Site - D
Field Technicians
Central Data
Server
Network Operations Center
RET Deployment and Carbon Emission Monitoring System
DG
Input
Security Manager
EB
Input
DisplaGeo Mapping
y
Voltage /Current
Sensors
Microcontroller
Based Power
Monitoring
System
Microcontroller
Based
Monitoring
System
Reports
Manager
GSM Module
(Data
Transmission)
Sensed Parameters,
fetched using http
/ftp
Mobile
Tower
Data
Carbon
DoT
Emission
Database
Monitoring
Communication
Manager
Fetch Parameter
Values
Internet
GSM Network
(GPRS/EDGE/3G)
Central Server
Power Supply
(-48V)
Network Administration & Management Centre
PoC Phase - BSNL Noida BTS (Near Delhi)
5/31/2016
Copyright C-DoT 2014. All Rights Reserved.
PoC Phase - Dashboard
5/31/2016
Copyright C-DoT 2014. All Rights Reserved.
PoC Phase – Bar Chart report
• C-DoT’s Designed and developed Hardware device has been installed at
site on 29th of September,2014.
•Monitoring the GRID availability and DG set running duration status and
subsequently updating the Central sever.
•Integrated with Web based Software designed and developed by C-DoT.
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Copyright C-DoT 2014. All Rights
Reserved.
BOTH ON
BOTH OFF
DG
GRID
5/31/2016
Information Mapping Layers – through Geographical Mapping
..more layers
BTS Towers
Population
Area
( Possible Layers: Power distribution network, India
Population, Building structures, OFC route, road routes etc.)
Centralized Information &Monitoring System
 Identification of BTS sites - grid and off-grid sites
 Monitoring of various power sources at BTS sites , energy
consumption status and generating various reports
 Analysis of power trends in BTS sites and visual
presentation of the data
 Monitoring the BTS down time
 Estimation of carbon footprints
 Help in for quick analysis , planning and decision making
process.
42
Benefits:
 E-data of mobile BTS detailed attributes/ Location of
BTS topographically
 Mechanism
for
submitting
the
BTS
information/attributes in paperless form by Telecom
Service Providers(TSP) to the Government.
 Mechanism for instant information about:
 Off grid/ on-grid BTS
 RET deployed or not
 Timely Submitted BTS info or not
 Correctness of BTS info
 Real time monitoring of Energy, other parameters and .
generation of various reports.
43
Policy Support Financing
 Telecom towers have been given Infrastructure
Status by the Government , thus making tower
companies eligible for :
easy bank financing (softer interest rate and longer
tenure loans) in addition to overseas funding
Eligibility for higher limit on external commercial
borrowing, lower import duties and exemptions on
excise duty
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Financing Alternatives
(1) MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) :
In a position to extend support when RET is linked
social sector schemes
with
(2) NCEF (National Clean Energy Fund):
The participating organization will have to put a minimum
financial commitment of 40%.
(3) External borrowing from World Bank/ ADB etc:
Minimum counterpart funding for central sector is 50% of
the project size.
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GREEN MOBILE PHONE
 Mobile phone use has grown rapidly
 Power consumption of hand sets has grown
 As the terminals becomes more advanced ; e.g 3G phones need
more power than 2G ones. ( Internet access, digital signal
processing, polyphonic ringtones etc.)
Life-cycle environmental issues of mobile phone :




Carbon emission associated with handset production process.
Energy consumption during the usage.
Materials used in phones (ROHS compliance)
Collection of unwanted phones and their recycling
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Energy efficiency of handsets
 To ensure more environmentally friendly production.
 The main impact associated with day to day mobile phone
use is the power used during the charging process.
 Increase energy efficiency of the charger:
Using solar-power for handsets or for charging.
 Universal Charging Solutions (UCS) : Mobile Industry to
adopt a common format with higher energy efficiency than
conventional charger. With UCS ,the number of chargers
being manufactured shall be reduced annually by 50% and
the associated greenhouse emission reduce by about 15-20
million tons per year.
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Conclusions
 Deployment of energy efficient net work equipment.
 Dynamic energy management for switching ON/OFF cells and or BTS







based on traffic conditions
Key of power saving in communication net work is “sleep mode”
Sharing of the passive infrastructure
Decentralized Distribution Generation (DDG) renewable energy solar
power solutions for BTS towers is technically feasible and financially
viable option.
Renewable energy solar power solutions is the best alternative for
BTS sites beyond the reach of the electricity grid & Electric supply
not reliable/ poor quality
Adopt web based centralized energy monitoring and management
system for BTS Towers to go green
Use solar-power for handsets or for charging
Adopt common energy efficiency Mobile charger for all the hand
sets
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48
Thank You
49