OI.
BEPR,BSDNTATIVES. '5 NX.DOC.
Ex.Doc.
O REPRESENTATIVES.
52D
- - - eCoNGnESS,
d , - B e s s t)o nHOUSE
.'J
52D
CoNGIEss,
No.96.
i No.96.
2d &ssiom.
5
BAY,
AT YAQUINA
YAQUI}TA BAY,
HAIT,BORAT
TOIEIARBOB
BAR
ENIII,ANCE TO
AT ENTRANCE
BAB AT
OR,EGON.
OREGON.
I,HTTER
LETTER
FROM
FROM
OF WAR,
THE ACTING
WAR,
ACTII{G SECRETARY
SECRETARYOF
THE
TRANSMITTING,
TRANSMITTI}{C'
ofof the
lhe.crumination
examination of
report of
of Engineers,
Engineers,report
theChief
chicf of
lctterfrom
With
with aa letter
frotn the
obtutttittg25 feet
feet of
of obtaining
yiew of
Bay,'Oiegon,-wttlt,
harbor
Bay,
Oregon, with aciview
Yaquitta
atYaquina
Irarborat
entrance,
at the
theentrance.
bar at
th,ebar
water'upon
wltonthe
water
low
low water
tnert'n
atmean
uater at
andordered
Earbors and
ortlored
Rivors and
and Harbors
on Rivers
Committeeon
1892.Referred to
thoCommittee
to the
9, 1892.-Reforretl
Dncnmnnn 9,
DEcEMBER
printed'
to be printed.
f)
I
{
A
WAR,DEPARTMENT,
WAR
DEPAR,TMENT,
7892.
5t1892.
Washington,
December
5,
Decernber
Wash,ttr,gton,
of
a
1e1,ter
from
the
chief
herewith
Sii:
I
have
the
honor
to
inclose
herewith
a
letter
from
the
Chief
of
inclose
to
honor
the
I
have
srn:
report
Engineers,
dated Dcccmber
December 5,
5,189!,
1892,togeUrer
togetherwitl-r
withaa c-opy
copy-of
of aa report
Dngiueers,datetl
No-vember
Euginee's,dated
datedNovember
ol Engineers,
Corpsof
Efeuer,
E. Heuer,
and map from
Corps
Ma.j.W. H.
fromMaj.
I3ay,Oregon,
C)regrtn,
at Yaquina
YaquinaBay,
"od-,'ru
3,
1892,bf
ofaapreliminary
preliminaryexamiuaiiou
examination of
of halbor
harbor at
1992.
A.
upon the
atmean
meanlow
low water
water upon
water at
with
to obtaining
25feet
feetof
of water
obtailring25
vierr,^to
#itn a view
provisions of
in compliance
him in
madeby
by him
bar
with the provisions
entrance,made
theentrance,
at"the
bar at
_compliancewith
14L892.
actof
July13,
of July
1892.
harboract
arrd.harbor
the river and
respectfuily'
Very
Yery respectfully,
J.M.
M.SCHOFIELD,
scuolrnr.n,
J.
MajorGeneral, Acting
Acting Secretarg
Secretary of
of War.
n[ajor-General,,
BEPREsnNrarrYEs.
ox'
Ilousn
TEE
The
SPEARER
OF
THE
HousE
OF
REPRESENTATIVES.
oF
fhe SprurnR,
oI' ENGINEERS,
ENGTNEEn'S'
OFFICE
Csrnl OF
rEE CHIEF
or THE
Orlrcp OF
Srlrns ARnrYt
UNITED
ARMY,
IJNrrnn STATES
7892.
5' 1892.
D, C.,
December
Washington,
5,
C.,December
Washi'ngton,D.
reportt
copy of
theaccompanying
accompanyingcopy
submitthe
of report,
honor to
to submit
thehonor
ha,vethe
Srn: I have
SIR:
dated November
3, 1892,
with map,
map, by
by M4:
Maj. W.
W. H.
H. IIg1Ler,
Heuer, Corp.l
Corps of
of
18gZ)with
November 3,
rlated
Bay,
YaquinaBay,
at Yaquina
Engineers,
upon pr'climinary
preliiñinary examination
examination of
of harbor
harbor at
EnEineers.ut'ton
low water
meanlow
Oregon,
with aa view
viewto
to obtdL,ining
obtaining 25
25 feet'
feet of
of water at'
at mean
Orfison, *ittt^
with requirements
requirementsof the
complywith
tocomply
theentrance,
entranco,made
upon the
made to
at,the
ba1at
ttje bar
opofi
1892.
13,1892.
July13,
approvedJuly
river
harbor act
actapproved
river and
andharbor
2
BAR AT
AT ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
To HARBOR
BAR
TO
HARBoRAT
AT YAQIJINA
YAQUINABAY,
BAY,OREGON.
oREGoN.
BAY'OREGON.
OREGON. 3
ar YAQUINA
YaQU:INA
TTARBOR
TOHARBOR
BAR
TO
AT
BAY,
ENTRANCE
AT ENTRANCE
BA3,AT
yaquirru Bay has
The entrance
The
entrance to Yaquiiia
bcen under
under improvement
improvement by the
the
{uy hasbeen
United
TJrtitedStates
States for
for aa numb-er
number of
witli aa view
viewto
to obtaining
years,
with
obtaiuineaachanSiears.
chana
least
rrigrrriater'of
nel
of a least depth at high
water of 17
1i ieet-rto*-*aiu.
feet (low-water in"nti,
depth of
or 10
ro
tu],gf
reet),
thts report
report shows
feet), and this
g_holsthat at
present,witn
a,tpresent,
jettie.isin
tne jetties
with
the
in their
incomplete"is
coldition,
incomplete condition, the low-water
]ow-water heptil
6n the
the bar
baris 14
14feet,
i'eet,and
depth
on
'neo"e
ano
leas.tdeptl,has
this least
depth has been
beenIriaintained.
maintainecl. Hence the work
work has thus far
aceomplished.
all and
evenmore
more than
accomplished
and even
than was
was expected.
expected.
rn concluding
conclutlinshis report
reportflaj.
In
Maj. Heuer
Eeuer siatis
ttratwhile
while itit may
may be
states that
pracbe pracobtaii aa depth
crepihof
ticable to obtain
feet ailo*
at low .rte"
of 25
:5 feec
;";ilh"the bar
b;i,iir."
water
over
at
the
enlicabre
*orranee
ar Yaquina
raqur'a J3ay,
trance at
Bay, the
the resuit
result is
is so doubtful and
and the
the expense
expenseatattending
tending the work being so
great as
s-og{eat
as to
to be
be incommensurate
incommensulatewith
with
the adacrvantagesto be
be derived,
derivecr,that
vantages
that he
hedoes
doesnot consider
*o"tny of
consider ihe
the ir"r-n""
harbor worthy
or
improvementto
improvement
to that
that extent.
eitent.
rep5onlgiven
his own
For reasons
given in his
orr-ureport
reportCol.
col. (i.
G.H.
r[. Mend
Mendeil,
eli, Corps
corrrsof EnEn,For
grneersr
rne
DlvrslonEngineer,
gineers,
the Division
,t ngirreer,states
statesthat
thatthe
tbesuggested
s[ggestedimprovement
im|rovement
is
not regarded
regarded as
as worthy
wortly to
is not
to be undertaken
'ndertalen by Tfie
oeneGi- Governthe General
dorru*oment.
ment.
This
opinionis
This opinion
is concurred
concurred in by
bv me.
me.
Yery
Very respectfully, your obeclient
obedient servant,
selvant,
l'nos. LINCOLN
IrrNcorx CASEY,
Ca.sfv.
THOS.
Brig' Gen.,
Gen" Chief
Brig.
of Engineers.
chi'ef of
Engi'ieers'
r[on. S.
B.ELKINS,
s. B.
Hon.
Er.xrNS,
Secretarg
Secretary of
of War.
linear feet
feet of
of its reOuiresabout 630 linear
or 5 feet
feet in
in height;
height; the
the north
north jetty
jetty recluires
project
as
to complete
completethe project as
outer
raised about
about 7i feet in height to
be"raised.
outer end
end to be
approved.
approved.
^fhe
been
work has
has thus
thus far been
The total
for the work
appropriated.for
amount appropriated
totat amount
PRELTMTNARY
EXAlrrN4TigI__a{
PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION
OF HARBOR
YAQUTNA
-riu"nr"or^it.irrin
BAy, OREGON,
HARBOR _AT
AT YAQUINA
BAY,
OREGON.
wrftr AAVIEW
vil]w TO
roOBTAINING
WITH
TWENTY-FIVE
qer4rNrne
fru:iri_Frvn
FEET OF WATER AT
lr
.run
MEaNLow
uroN THE BAR
MEAN
LOW WATER
WATER UPON
eaR AT
AT THE
iun ENTRANCE.
ENTRANoE.
Ihvrrnn STATES
Srarls ENGINEER
EwcrNnnn OFFICE,
UNITED
Oprron
San Francisco, Cal., IVovernber 3, 1892.
GnlTnna":
rhe
GENERAL:
Theriver
riveru,u
arid harbor
off#"d'{J":;'io#
act of July 13,
1892, required an
i,{T;#:':":l':t::
examination of
ofthe
the (("harbor
harbor atYaquina,
atyaquina, with
*itn a* view
"
ui"* to
i" obtaining 25
zb feet
feet
of water at mean
ureanlow water upon the b;.
"[ilri"i"*
bar ;iat the
thu ;;i..;"r;.;"-"t
fn accordance
accordancewith the
the above
In
abdveact,
act, and
anOin
in complian""
compliance *itt
with your inin_
structions, the examination
examination was
mahebyrne
n.vmein
i"JA;;
was made
person in
i" October,
ocilder, 1892,
rsoz,
anl the
the.following
following_report
and
report is
is the
the result,-thbreof
result thereof::
-r.aqurna
$ay, Oregon,
oregon, and
Yaquina
Bay,
and the
th_eimprovements
irrrprovements
nade
tho Governmade bv
by the
Govern_
ment to the entrance
entrauee,
ment
are
and carefully a"*."it,.a'oi
are!so
so well
weil and.^car"r"-iy
described
by
the
Board
*;
Board
u. S.
s. Engineers,
Eusineers.nrirtecl
of U.
printed in
iri the ao""a1-"efort
^+,
cniei oi
annual report of the Chief
of Enginngi
neersfor 1889,
part
1889,-to
pug_g
neers
part 4, page
2517
and
following,
zilz and-ioliowing, that anyone
anyone desiring
clesiring
4
L
I
*
4
information as
as to the
information
the condition
don"ditionof
oi affairs at that
that date has but
but to
to read
read
that report. It
"r"r".-Lt
rt will
wi' therefore
therefore
only
be
onry
uereferred io'a*
ocJriioomay
to as occasion
*uy
htilt ieyr.
demand.
"ere""ea
The pro.iect
project for thelurprovement
the improvement of the
the entrance
entra-nce
Yaquina Bay was
to yaquina
was
madein
made
in 1881.
1881. The
Tbeobject
objeit was
was to
toconcenirate
tre tidal
concentrate
the
Yaquina
tidarflow
nowof
oi
iaquina
Bav and
and direct it
Bay
it over
overibe
the bar
bar by
bv rnean
.;;;;;i of a mid-tide
-ia-tlae jeiiy,
jetty, aa'rittre
little less
ress
tha:r4,000
4,000feetin
than
feet in length,
length, to be
be constructed
cbnstru?ed"on thesouth
the south side
side of
of the enen_
trance to
to the bay.
bav. This was
was afterwards
afrerward.s
modified
moditierrilil;;i;"struct
so as to construct
two high jetties,
oneon
two
one
.ietties,"
on each
eachside
side of ;["
entrance, ttre
the
entrance,
the south
souin jetty
;etty
to
be
a
liftte
less'than
to be a little less
than 4,000
feet long
4,000
reet
ionga"cl
tn"'"Jilrr,:uiti
ixiii
and
the
north
jetty
to
he about
2,300 feet long.
long. It
It was
was hoped
Loped" that
tfrri.lUy'inrs
by this means a bar
"n""t
bar depth
depth of
of 17
1?
feetat
at high
higl.water
feet
depth
watcr(low-water
(row-wate'r
u"puiofio"i.i"tl-iglf
of
10
feet)
might
be
obtained
and
rr!-ori1"#ne,r
ana
maintained.
maintained.
jettiesare
arecompleted
Both jetties
completed-a1jo
as to length but not as
to height; that on
astoheight;
on
south side
side requires
the south
requires^some
some 1,800
1,300f;et-;i
feet ofitsitsouter
outer eutr
end to be
be raised
raised.44
I
AnW.Svmohs
Symonsininhis
his special
specialreport,
report,printed
printed in
in the AnT. W.
S63b.000.Capt.
Capt.T..
$635,000.
page2974,
2974.-estiesti4, page
1890,pait
?or1890,
Engineersfor
of Engineers
nual Report of
Chief of
part 4,
ine-Cniuf
oi the
be
projectedwork
work will
wiII be
""ui'n*nort
of the
theprojected
completionof
mates
eostofofcompletion
total cost
thetotal
ttat the
matesthat
DegjZO.SOO.SO
$370,560.30
additional (to
(to what
what had.
had been
been previously
previously appropriated).
appropriated). Deaddjtioual
madein
1890,and
165,000nrade
made in 1890,
and $85,000
$85,000made
bf $toS,OOO
ducting
Auctinsappropriation
annropriationof
or
$120,560.
work
the
$190,560.
to
complete
required
be
1892,
there
would
still
required
to
complete
the
work
still
1892.tfler'e-would
work$755,560.
ofthe
thework
costof
make
$7551560.
estimatedcost
wholeestimated
tne whole
mak6the
frequently
was frequently
Before
work was.commenced
was commenced at
at Yaquina
Yaquina Bay thero
there was
Beforework
occasionaltemporary
and 9I feet,
as
little depth
depth on
on the
the bar
bar as 7 and
as little
&9t, with oceasional
fall'of
Theimean
mean rise and fall
depths
of ig
13 feet
feetatat mean
mean low
lowwater.
water. The
of the
d""tns oi
presAt
presL2feet.
is
about
tide
the
The
maximum
of
the
tide
is
about
12
feet.
rise
maximlm
Tbe
feet.
tide is
is 77 feet.
tide
depth
low'water depth
thelow-water
condition,the
incompletecondition,
their incomplete
in their
ent,
with the jetties in
["t. *iinineietties
Ilence
hasbeen
beenmaintained.
maintained. Hence
on
the bar
bar is i4
14 feet,
feet, and
and this
this leasCdepth
least depth has
o"ine
exwas exmore than was
and even
evenmore
the
work has
has thus
thus far accomplished
all and
accomplishetl all
the work
pected.
pected.
'-Wn.o
was well
well
in 1881,
1881tit
When the
the project
it was
pade in
improvementwas made
projectfor
for improvement
the
outsidethe
reef of rocks
sunkenreef
known that
that there
large sunken
rocks locatecl
located outside
was a larfre
tfrerewas
fromthe
the
distant from
mile distant
than aamile
lessthan
little less
bar,
to andla
and a little
U"". nearly parallelto
justoutoq!'
lying just
""o"t""arallel
rocks lying
sunken rocks
Also,
that there
numeroussunken
there were
wero numerous
eis6. tnat
shoi'e.
shore.
diasto
to disoas
designedso
weredesigned
Thejetties
side
the entrance to theharbor.
the harbor. The
jetties were
.iau tiu""irinceto
which
bar
the
tha-t
over
portion
rect
the
outfiowing
tidal
current
over
that
portion
of
the
bar
tid.al
ili fi; outflowing
which
andwhich
the best
bestwater,
water, and
offeredthe
whichoffered
rocks,which
byrocks,
was
tui.t obstructed by
*"J least
narrowest
the narrowest
practicable route
route over the
"fstruct6a
safestpracticable
and safest
was the shortest
and
shortest
of the
eudsof
outer ends
the
The outer
thesea.
sea. The
tothe
of thebar
tlhebarto
and ordinarily
deepestpart
o.ai"urilv deepest
Dartof
the reason
reasonthat
for the
""a were
of1,000
jetties
distance of
1,000 feet
feet apart,
apart, for
at aa^distance
i"tfieJ
we.eplaced
nia.ea at
"*hete
where tho
the tidal
concentrated to
to this width insitl.e
inside the entrauce
entrance
flow was concentrated
tidal flow
lesser
good
depths were maintained
maintained where
where scour
scour was
was possible,
possible, and
and -a_
a lesser
EOoddeptls
ensue
would
which
rapid
current
in
the
width
would
not
have
sufficed
in
the
current
which
would
ensue
sufficed.
have
iiatfr wbuld
Th_eentire
for
sea room
roomfor
forvessels
vesselsentering
enteringand
andleaving
leavingtho
theharbor.
harbor. The
for sea
a.n$
tidal
area within Yaquina
Yaquina Bay
Bay i"s
is said
said to
to b-e
be abolt
about 5S square^rTllgs'
square miles, and
iiA;i;t;;*itnin
cutric
40,000cubic
Powell,isis40,000
Capt.Powell,
the
d,eterminedby
by Capt.
flori',as
as determined
tidalflow,
ths average
averaEetidal
insiclo
alea of waterway inside
The'present
feet
per
second.
Thecross-seitional
present cross-sectional
area
i"?
u3"o"a.
autl
18,000
and
18,000
is
between
plane
low
water,
"".
of
the
jetties,
referred
to
the
plane
of
low
water,
between
tothe
."f.rred
1i"i"iti"i,
This
stage. This
19,000
squarefu.t,
feet,ororsa.v
sayz'z,ooo
22,000square
squarefeet
feetatat half-tido
half-tide stage.
i9.-060*oi;*
per second,
feet per
second,
would
of currint
current of very nearly
nearly 2 feet
*"*ir velocity 6f
.j"ia give
Eirr" au mean
miles
with
velocitiesferhaps
perhapsashigh
as highas
as 88feet,
feet,or
or about
about 55{ miles
velocities
-?ii-"m
witn maximum
as
currents as
present there
are currents
there are
at-present
in the
the,jetties
jetties at
is said
said that in
per hour.
hour. It is
per
Hence
further
per
Flence
hour.
per
miles
about
or
rapid
as
10
feet
per
second
about
7
per
hour.
second.
10
feet
ianid as
inadmissable.
be inadmissable.
woultl be
channe-l
contraction
width of jetty
jetty channel
would
in wjdtn
coirtraction
--ine
jet-tieq
the jetties
directed"by the
The maximum
effectfrnicn
whichthe
the tidal
tidal currents directed
effect
*rri*"m
that
reason
been
reached,
for
reason
the
yet
reached,
been
not
can nroauce
produceon
onthe
thebar
bar has
has not
crest of
as^the
and.as
height, and
neither i-tty
jetty nas
has yet
yet been
been raisedto
raised to its full height,
the crest
;;ttfi;t
jetties
the
is fully
3,000 feet
feetbeyond
beyond tho
the present
present outer ends
ends of
of the jetties
fuUySllOO
[[e bar
Uar"is
pa,rtof
it'
of it.
specialpart
the
on any
any special
concentraiedon
the
- current
current is not concentrated
extending out
Lying
immediatelyininthe
the throat
throat rif
of tne.
the je-tties
jetties and
extending
l-,Jirg Gmecliately
,an11
ledge
feet-of
to10
dgpth^of4
nearly to the
bar, covered
of 4 to
10 feet
of sand,
sand, is aa ledge
coveredby aa depth
thebar,
plane
below the plane
"euifyTo
of
rock, whose
whosetolr
top varies
varies from
from 16
16to
to30
30feet
feet in
in depth
depth belowthe
ofrock.
70 acres
acres
so,nte
rock,covering
coveringsome
70
of rock,
or bed
bedof
ledgoor
wablr. This ledge
of
mean low water.
oi*eu"
Be1886' Be1885and
in 1885
and 1886.
mad'ein
boringsmade
of *r"".
area, was
carlful borings
wasdeveloped
developedby careful
tlto
made,the
bemade,
"i a
25 feet
feet can
can be
fore
a channel
carrying aa low-water
low-waterdepth of 25
dnaooelcarrfing
io"e
unnot be
be done
doneimcan not
and this can
removed, and
rock
within tho
the channel
channdlmust be removed,
ro"t *itnio
4
BAR AT
AT
BAR,
BAR AT
af ENTRANoE
BAR
ENTRANCE To
TO rrARBoR
HARBOR AT
ar YAQUINA
vAQUTNABAY,
BAy, oREGoN.
OREGON
til
til the sand which
which covers
coversitit has been
been removed by scouring
seouringaction
action or
otherwise.
otherwise.
The current
The
current wiurin
within the
the jetties has
has not
not yet
yet positively
positively bared
bared much
much of
the,rocky
bed above
above referred
re{e.rrg$to, and
the
rocky bed
and tns
i"ay
ne
attriliutea
this
may
be
attributed
to
the fact
that neither
neither'jetty
is yet
yet built up
that
.iettvis
its
fuJrheight,
heigit, and
u"onen.e
up
its
full
hence
has
rr". not
oo, yet
yur
d*'eloped all thti
scouriugpo*dr
developed
the scouring
or
whicn
f,r.e'cu"-rent
power
of
which
the
current
is
capable,
and
ii-capaute,-dnd
partly
ure fact
fact that
that the
partly to the
thescouring
scolring effect
effect has
has not
n"f-i.u"-ot:ii.mci6"tiy
been of sufficiently
duration. Hence
long duration.
rlence it would
wou]d be
ndunwise
unwise to extend
extend the
ilie jetties
turttrer
ietties further
seaward
unl,il they
they were
were completed
seaward until
completedto their full
fulr h;ish;d;;;;rtheir effects
heights and
efi'ects
observed. If
observed.
ff at
at the
the_end
of a6 year
year after the
end of
th; completion
c;;pTeti;;-;fi;;
jetti;;
of the jetties
the
currents
shaltfail
fail to
the currents shall
to.scour
scour-aw-ay
away from
from withi;J-fi;j;iti;ttr'e'sana
within the jetties the sand on
on
the rocky ledge,
lcdge, itit would
j"itiu. seatop of the
wourd be useless
uselessto extend
extefrdthe
inu jetties
u"uward, and
and under
under such
ward,
sudhcircumstances
circumstancesio
obtain 25
zs feet
rcet depth
to obtain
oeiih at
atlow
tow
water nonthe
urebar
barmight
rnigbtbe
besaid
saidtotobe
water
beimpracticable.
impracticabre. ii;h";*";;.,
at
If,
however,
at
the
the
expiration
expiration of
of the time abovereferred
referred ti,
to, irr"
the sand
a;;a should
sh;;Id'[e"scoo"ea
be scoured
theopening
grain,ininconsequence
consequenceof
this grain,
8,150,000
bushels,and
and that this
of the
opening of
8,150,000bushels,
per bushel
more to
f'armer
bushel more
to the
the farmer
the
route, was
was worth
worth 8 cents per
Yaquina route,
the Yaquina
'I'he
farrner in
in one
ons
figures show
show aa saving
saving to
to the farmer
he*retoltrre. The above figures
than heretofore.
the community
community of
comto the
of aacomvalue to
year
but they
they show the
the value
of $652,000,
vear of
$052,000,but
point, for the statisstatisuot of Ydquina
peting
Yaquina Bay
Bay as a shipping point,
railroarl, not
ileting railroad,
j
isuued
an.incre.ased
depth ry-:ll,
of water
water"rootteoo,ooo
of about
an
increased depth
of
of
about44 feet
rect on ih;
b;;.--rie
the bar.
wo"t..
The work,
fi
n iits
onjl-""Pp:,ff
the
bar, ifltit l:'jit:q.
remained iin
present
ts prese
nt"location,
locafion,and
; d through
j e1u,;o; ;h the
the^jet-rnsloe
lL
ues inside
rhe,bar,
bar, were
were it
ties
the
it not fb''
for the underlying
underlyiug rock.
lock. Current
cur-rent action
aedion
can
can 0e
be conceDtrated
concentrated so
so as
as to
to scour
scour sand
sand andand yet
permit of
of gat'e
sate navigargt permit
tion, but-the
rqgkgcan
cagonly
but the rocks
be
beadvantageously
arlvantaggouplrigmoyea
Lyliastifig,
removed
by
blasting,
-onty
and
I
whrle strtl
"o
while
still ineornplete,
incomplete,has
has m_ore
more than accomph,shed
the
accomplished
the object
object sought,
soogili]
po,ssibre
a1{.itit is possible
and
that even
better depths
ev_e1_bgtter
a"pin. *rTil;bt-iled'Ji
may
be
obtained
on the
lhaj
ti., completion
oJ
for
pletion of lhe
the work,'serious.diFcuriy
for whigh
whichitit is
is believed
believed th"e
the estimates
"o-.
estimatesare
aresufficient.
sumcient.
There
no serious difficulty in getiing-ztit"r
There might
be no
ffi;utu"
getting 25 feet low-water
depths
Tigh!^tle
auptrrj
asthere
therewill
and as
will be
beviolent
violent-wave
action-insid"e
tnu jetties
wave action
inside the
the water
.;"i[i".'tilL
water
therein
shouldbe fully
therein should
fully as deep
deep as itit is on the bar.
bar.'
bar at the entrance
bntrance to a harbor
harbor is always
^ Deep
Q"*p water on aa bai
always aa"desirable
desirable
feature,
shourd.be some
feature, b-ut
but there should
someconsistent
consisient relation
reration for
for commercial
commercial
p-urpo.ses
depth of water on a bar
purposes between
between the
the depth
bar and
and that inside
in.sidea harbor.
Larbor.
Yaquina,Bay
Yaquina
Bay owes its
its importance
importance partly
parfly to its
geogralirricailocation
itsgeographical
location
ano_parrry
becansethere
and partly because
there happens
happensto be
be aa small
sn_rall
harbo|there
flrereand
harbor
anclaarailrail_
road
road terminus.
terminus. rnside
YaqriiiraBay
Bay are
Inside Yaquina
aretwo very
very small
smairtowns,
towns, Newport
Newport
and Yaquina.
Yaquina. Newportis-at
and
is at the
the entrance
dntraneaand Yaquina, the railroad
termlnusris 3 miles larther
practically,
";d"f;q;;;o,'iLt}lrouo
terminus,
farther up
rp the
the bay.
bay. Practically,
arlthe
all
thecommerce
comnrerce
dog
of
Yaqnina
Bay
is
due
to
and
must
be
to
andmust
b6
carried
o"e""dnis-*ii"oia,
carried
over
this railroad, some
uo_u
l{,I:g,.1:llB,1I.f
rbu
130 mrles
miles in
in lengtb.
length. coast
surveycharts
Coast Survey
charts of
and more
Ig6Eaud
of 1868
morerecent
recentsursurveys
thereare
aredepths
depihsof
veys show
show that
that while there
front of yaquina
of25
25to
to 30
B0feet
feet in front
Yaquina
there is
is no
no continuous
continuous channel
greater than
cha,nner-greater
than 17
1T reei
tow water
feet ai
at low
*"te" to
ro
Yaquina.
Moreover,tley
show tiiat
Moreover,
they show
that the
tne18-foot
is-rootchannel,
channel,when
when it does
does
Tqq,oiptt
exrst'
rn places
placesless
lessthan
exist, rs
is in
200 feet
wide,
than-200
feet wide, and
and its
its average
averagewidth
wiclthis
is less
less
than 300
800feet.
feet. They
than
Trrev also show that
that ih;-i";;i
the total area of water within Vayaqulna Bay,
l:ay, having
havingdepths
depths.of
lg-feet
quina
of 18
feet or more.at
more at";;;i*;'ti,"'#iiiiiu
low water,
water, is
is o'ly
only about
about
212_acres,
212
acres, or aboul
about one-third
one-thirdof 1I square
squaremile.
mue.
lre country
country within
within_fi
tteen or twenty miles of
The
fifteen
of yaquina
Yaquina Bav
Bay is
is neiflrer
neithet
p_opulous
very populous
ror
nor rich in agricultural
agricurturaiproducts.
products. Its
tis manufactures
tna",,ricirri.*. are
,.u
railroaclrepair
limited to the railroad
shop
reqg,r"r
shop and
auda.
j"st;b;;;
iaym4 just
a
sawmill
above
Yaquina.
Gquina.
rt is
is,reporlgd
pacinc Railroad
tbat,since
It
reported that,
the Oregon
sinceib_e
oregonPacific
rtailroLd reached the
ilr" Willwrrrgrarn'ates
fi'om
amette
Valley,
grain
rates
from
thence
to
market
rence
fl
to'rarl<
et (San
(Sau"o"rr"a
F'aucisco)have
Francisco)
have
lT:*:^I-?,ley,
Deenreduced
reduced from
fiom about $6.50
been
about $3.50
s6.b0 to about
$3.b0$er
per ton,
ton, and it is
is estiestimated
in
a
letter
from
mated in
from the
thjr mayor
mayor of Corvallis,
corvaliis, p"llri*ie?
published t";h.
in the annual
annuar
of the
the Chief
ohief of
report of
of Engineers
Engirieersfor
for1884,
1884,page
pigie 2268,
2268,thai
that t[e
the grain
g"ain
U
")
for1884
Orego! for
1884was
was
of the
countiesininOregon
six of
thecounties
available
for export
export in six
available for
-1\{
tli 1. th
away
from
rockyb.e{
bed.wi
within
thee jjetties,
etiies,then,
tte", and
dA theit
rhui,liry,
only, could
.ooia
_q
lLthe
""
proposrtion
a proposition
jettiesfurther
to
the jetties
a3y?{;[:,
to extcnd
extend the
fuither seaward
deawaidbe
le entertained.
entertairiea.
rnJwort
The work q,glr""
thus far has cost about $600,000 iana
hasresulted in
iolioiog
and has
giving
',r'U tIAK,uUt(
Util:UUN.
IJAX, 0JaL*0N.
Er'1'nANUE
'10
HA1th0h A'1'
Al' YAQUTNA
YAQU1A 1iAX
UNTIiANUfl
{
*
I
I
!
!
annual report
report show
show the
tho
the succeeding
succeeclingannual
tics of
of tonnage
tonnage published
published in
in the
tics
tons,of
to have
only8,234
8,234tons,
of which
which
Ya,quinaBay
Bay to
hal-e been
beenonly
total tonnage
of Yaquina
tounage of
of the
tho balance
balance
over
7,000tons
tons were
were railroad
railroad supplies,
supplies,etc.,
etc.,and
andthat
that of
over 7,000
only
100tons
tonsofof wheat
wheat (about
(about 3,333
3,333bushels)
bushels)were
wereoutgoing'
outgoing. As there
only 100
tirnet
ertering the Willamette
were
three other
other railroads
railroads entering
Willamette Valley
Valley at
at that
that time,
weie three
Portand itit is
is believed
believed carrying
carryingmost
mostofofthe
the proclucts
products to
to tide
tide water
water at
at Portand
freight rates
rates was
rnade
thereduction
red.uctionof
of freight
was made
infer that
that the
land,
to infer
natural to
Iand, it
it is natural
of any
harbor
rather than
than of
auy harbor
in consequence
the railroad
railroad. competition
compet'ition rather
consequerrceofof the
BaY.
Yaquina Bay.
improvements
improveureuts at Yaquina
from Yaquina
During
the past year the exports
Yaquina Bay
Bay are reported
reported by
by
exports from
During the
201063
tons, while
rvhile the amount raised
only20,063
havebeen
beenonly
Mr.
W. M.
bag totohave
tons,
Mr. W.
lf. ffolg
fbr export
byseagoing
seagoingvessels,
vessels,
available for
export by
Oregon, available
in five
in Oregon,
counties=in
ffve counties
pastyear
yearonly
onesteamer
steamer plied between
the past
only one
During the
217,496tons.
tons. During
was
was 217,496
trip every
every ten
ten days.
days.
San Francisco
Francisco and
and Yaquina
Yaquina Bay,
Bay, making
making aa round trip
Yaquina Bay
Bay to
There was no
no lack
lack of
of rvater
water either
either on
on the
the bar or inside Yaquina
been available, but vessels
vessels
prevent 217,496
tons being
being carried
carried out had it been
2L7,49(itons
profittripisis-commercially
go to aa harbor
harbor unless
unlessthe
thetrip
will
commercially profitwill not generally go
key to the
the
Railroacl Company
Company holds
able, and the Oregon
Pacific Railroad
holds the
the key
Oregou Paciflc
able,
profltable for
for
courruercially profitable
not it shall
shal] be
becommercially
whether or
situation
as to whether
or not
situition as
BaY.
go to Yaquina
Yacluina Bay.
vessels
to go
vessels to
25feet'
low water
depth of
of 25
to obtain
obtain aa depth
While
feet at low
rnay be practicable
While it may
fracticable to
so
at Yaquina
Yacluina Bay
Bay *tr *rF * the result is so
entrance at
over
over the
the bar
bar at the entrance
inso great as
asto
tobe
boindoubtful and.
andthe
the expense
expense attending
attending the
the work
work is
is so
doubtful
for this
commensurate
withtho
the advantages
advantagestoto be
be derived,
derived, and
and for
this reason
commensurate with
inprovemeut to
extent, or
or
harbor worthy
worthy of
I do
to this extent,
of improvement
do not
consider the harbor
not consider
approved project.
beyond the approved
even beyond
Project.
receiver of
of the
the Oregon
Oregon Pafor the
A
of 1\fr.
Mr. W.
W. M.
M.Iloag,
bag, for
the receiver
A statement
stalement of
cific
Railroad, giving
giving reasons
reasons whyt'he
why theYaquina
Yaquina Bay
Bay improvement
improvement should
should
cific ltailroad,
25-foot depth
herewith.
be continued
depth is herewith.
continuecl to aa 25-foot
submitted..
Respectfully
Bespectftilly submitted.
.W..
H.IIEUER,
W. H.
HEUER,
of Engineers.
Mnjor, Corps
flngi,neers.
Major,
Corps of
Ir. CASEY,
Clslv,
Tsouls L.
Gen. THoMAS
Brie. Gen.
Brig.
A.
Engtneers,'U.
S.A.
U. S.
Chief
Chief 0o.fEngineers,
Corps of
of Engineers,
Engineers, Division
Division Engineert
Engineer,
Mencleil, Corps
H. Mendell,
CoI. Cr.
G. I[.
(Through Col.
Pacilic Division.)
Division.)
Pacific
(First
indorsement.]
IFirst indorsomenl,.]
Orlron,
S, EG1NuER
Erverlonn OFFIcE,
IT.
U-. S.
7892.
77)1892.
San
Cal.,Yoveniber
Noaember11,
Francisco,Cal.,
BanFrancisco,
t
I
I
F,rrgineers,U.
II:.S.
Argly.
Respectfully
forwarded toto the
the Chief
Chief of
of Engineers,
S. Army.
Respettmtty forwarded
Yaquina
between jetties at
at Yaquina
and.maintain
maintain between
It
secureand
practicableto
tosecure
It isi-spracticable
25 feet aid
more.
artdmore.
Bay aa low-water
low-water depth of 25
jetty channel
channel might
ntight be
bo
If
of the entrance
were alluvial
alluvial the
the jetty
entrance were
bed of
tf the
ttre bed
of the
currents. The bed of
deepened sufficiently
sufficientlyby
by controlling
controlling the
the tidal
tidal currents.
obtrined by tidal
entrance
being of
of rbck,
rock, tnc
the stated
stated depth can not
not be obtained
entiance bcirrg
d6bris at
action,
and orily
only by
by blasting
blastingthe
thechannel
channeland
and removing
removingthe
the debris
action, and
cosi.
very
Yery great cost.
channel
25 feel
depth of
If
feet were
were obtained.
obtained inin the
the channel
low-water depth
of 25
stated low-water
Ii the
the stated
any reasonable
reasonablo
over
the distance
by jetties-extended
jettiesextended toto any
controlled by
distanoo controlled
over the
66
yAeurNA BAY,
san
ENTRANoI TO
BAR AT ENTRANCE
ro HARBOR
HARBoB,AT
AT YAQUINA
BAy, OREGON.
oREGoN.
BAY,OREGON'
OREGON. 77"
BAY,
AT YAQUINA
YAQUINA
HAR,BOR AT
TO HARBOR
ENTR,ANCE TO
AT ENTRANCE
BAR AT
BAR
distance
distancebeyond
beyondtheir
theirpresent
presenttermini-there
terminithere would
yet be
would yet
be found
found on
on
nl: lying
lying in-front
the
in front of
of the
the seaward
seawardends
jetiies a tess
end.sof
of the
the jetties
less depth
aepln
lF" bar
tnal 25
than
and iu
in our qresent
present state
state of
of knowledge
knowleclg"eno
oo one
ooe could
cooto unoofs feet, and
clertakewith assurance
assuranceof success,
dertake
create ard
and maintain a low-water
success,to create
low-water
depth of 25 feet on
depth
onthe
the bar
bar at Yaquina
Yaquina entrance.
entrance.
yaquina entrance,
n'or these
thesereasons
For
reasons the
the improvement
improvelnentof Yaquina
entrance,so
So as
as to
giy93a depth of
of_25
give
25 feet on
on the bar at low
low water,
wdter, is
is not regarded as
as
und.ertakenby
worthy to be undertaken
by the
theGeneral
GeneralGovernment.
Government."oi "egaraeA
vesd,eepsea-going
sea-going vesby deep
traDsport, by
the interior
interior country
yielding the
the produco
produce needing
need-ing transport
country yielding
tho
Eame
a n d the
t l r e same
w h a , r ! and
t h o wharf,
t o the
an
t L e ocean
o c e a n to
f r o m the
s h i p from
t a k e s aaship
b - hour
h o u r takes
alf a
W h o n hhalf
sels.
e e l s . When
can be
be
there can
v6yago, there
oul,ward voyage,
time
setihe
the slip
ship srt'ely
safelyatat s6a
sea again
again on
on l:er
her outward
.rm".r t"toset
iiiii suffices
a s tto
o
much
has
ucb h
o n l y - as
as m
i l o t a g e "and
a t t d towage.
t o s a g e . . . _When
_ W h e nonly
no excuse for exactions tby
pilotage
y . r away
y oof
f p
por-b
the port
Vailey to
WillaTette Valley
in the
tbc Willamette
be
to" - take
from
to the
warejrouse in
" - * " u aio
itako
o " e xthe
athe
c t i wheat
orsl:eaf
ns
frof the
thd warehouse
"t"o paid
ag would
woulil
Fra'ncisco as
San Francisco
cloes at
""iA it pays only tlu
where
the m-u
sameororaaless
lessrate
rate than
than itit does
at San
;t;;;;i;;;;o"f"
takes no
no
p-revai1,it
it takes
highertieights
the higher
whero the
have
be ;;i,L
paid to
take it
freights prevail,
it toYortland,
to.Portland, where
td take
|fr;tro to b;
tigures and
irrto figures
woials into
thes6 words
l'ransl"ato these
go, Translate
argument
the wheat
whear will
wip go.
.buru tho
.hb* where
ireJ.""it'" to show
result,
see
what is the result.
se-ewhat
--S"foiu
chargos
Valleyr.the
tho Willamette
Wille_m_ette Valley,
Before yaquina
Yaquinawag
was connectetl
connectedby
by rail-witJr
rail with the
the charges
to PortPortValley, to
W illalnette Valley,
aaden
tral point
were as t"tto*u
follows:, IJroFrom Corvallis,
Corvallis,
central
point of
of the
the Willamette
*.r"-".
'At
from
At
Portland
the
excess
over
the
ocean
freight
freigbt
from
oc-ean
Portlan-d the excess-over
land,
or2O
cents aa bushel.
20 conte
il;;-, $6.60,
$b.-6b;;t
Yaqqila
the Yaquina
moro. After
After the
bushel more.
San Francisco io
to market
was at
at least
10 cents
cents a bushel
least 10
market.'tas
$;'I;";iror 10.6
10'6
toSan
SauFrancisco,
Francisco,$3'50,
route
$3.50, or
from Corvallis
Corvallis to
were,from
the charges
chargeswere,
upuned the
tootu was
ruJ opened
10 cents aa
saved10
of the
tho.saved
advantage of
cents a bushel,
and the
the whe'at
wheat gained
exbra advantage
gained. the
tho extra
U"untt, ancl
20
ol'20
sum of
frrll sum
tle full
farmerwas
""oi. " .;-;;;dnlreight,
to the farmer
bushel
on ocean freight,eo
so that
that the
was the
the saving
saving to
;;i;f
community I
of tho
cents.
part of
the tavi'g
saving to
to tho
the community;
onl! aa par-t_
is only
arlvautage is
enoimous advantage
Evon this
this enormous
cents. Even
"exports
to imimno less degree
clegreo to
in no
and. in
ipplies, and
not only to
to *[uat,
wheat, b"i
but ioto all
all other
other exportsitit applies,
;;;.;;lJ
ports
al80'
D
O r t Balso.
t"n"rion
Company, whose
Developmeut Company,
Orego! Development
1892, tho
During the
the Oregon
year ending
30,1892,
eniliug June
June 30,
ift" year
G. H.
U.
H. Mnnnplr,.
MENDELL,
Colonel,Corps
Colonel,
Corps of Engi,neers,
Engineers, Division
Diui,sionEngineer.
nngineer,
MEITORANDUM oFOFl\rR.
yaeurNA
MEMORANDUM
MR.wM'
WM.M.M.rroAcr
HOAG,oN
ONTrrE
THE cLArMs
CLAIMS or
or YAQUINA
BAY
BAy TO
ro truRTHER
FURTHER
GOYDRNMENT
TOTOSECURE
GOVERNMENTAPPROPRIATIONS
APPROPRIATIONS
SECUREAADEPTH
DEPTHOF
or TWENTY-FIVE
TWENTY-FIVE
FEI,T
FEET AT
AT
LOW WATER.
LOW
WATER.
Corivlr,r,rs,
CORVALLIS, OREGON,
OREGoN,October
Oatober19,
19, 1891.
1g92.
1. Tbe
The location
locationofofthe
thepgrt
portofof.Yaquina
Yaquina isis the first
first element
element of
of importance.
importance. rt
It is
is
situatealWhere
wbere the
ingr'essand
situated
the most-direcr.
most direct ingress
egress
is
offered
for
shipping
and eg"essis ofte.edf;.;6fir;?tb" to the mar-u"_
ofthe_u'orld;
drawing
kets
of
the
world;
drawing
to
it
the
produce,
both
of
the
agricultural
it
to
protluce]
the
both of it
eJunties
counties of
lets
or
oregou and.of
" "gi,i.rliiliil
Oregon
and of.her
her forests-ancl
forests and mines.-This
mines. This is
the condition
of today, while the
is'the
courlition
Oretlreore_
gou,Pacifio,Railroad
"'fi"a^y,-*nir.
gon
Paciflo Railroadisisyet
yetininits
itsinfancy,
infancy,and
andnot
notyot
yetconnecting
connecting
the
port
with
the
pori
tlie
wirh tbo
BrocK
stock aIIo
andsneep
sheeprangots
rangesotofeast-or.D
easternoregou
Oregonand
andIdaho.
Idaho. No
No better
better situation
sitdatiol can be
sngges.reo
suggested10r
fortbo
the export
exportotof wheat,
wheat, oats,
oats, flour,
flour, lumber,
lumbor, wool,
wool, and
and minerals.
minernls. 'l'ho
The
rolrowlnEDgnres
following
figures &re
are 0uotod
quoted lrom
from tho
the returnB
returns for
year 1891, as
lbr the
th_e-_year'lggl.
as given
given by
by the
tbe U.
u.
S. SignalServico.at
Signal Service atpbrttand.
Portland. The
The aroa
area of
Valley is iiiice.r
divided beot the
tne Willamette
fvif iameti"-t-iii.F'i.
Ue_
tween seven
seven of
of tho
the counties of
of oregon,
Oregon, but
but the
the figuros
figures about
about to
to ilbe diy;;;o
given are for five
fivo
only.
ontv.
Il
*
I'he tonnage
tonnago so
given is
The
so given
is as
as follows:
follows:
i,
Tons.
Tons.
Wheat
Wheat.----.
9
9,980
99,930
Oats
o a r s---------------------------------------------------------------------.-._
_ - - - - -1
106,887
06;s8i
Barley
B a r l e y -------------------------------------------------------------------------.:,847
4L 347
o ronCorn--------------------------------------------------------------------.CW
o- l- - - . .
1,293
I',2gg
Wool---------------------------------------------------------------------.----.
3,
d ,877
8ii
l"rom the
furnishecl b-y
From
the totals
totals furnished
by the
tho Signal
signal Service
service a
a deduction
rleduction of
of one-fourth
one-fourth has
has
becn
barley, and
been mads
made on
on wbeat,
wheat, oats, barley,
consumption.
and corn
dorn for
for seed
seedand
an.l home
h;;;c;;.;;ll;
hgures aggregale
2171496tons;
These
figures
aggregate
217,496
tons;
or,
on
another
form,
the
or,
on
another
-[orrrr,
the
cargoei
cargoes
of
more
than
of
rnore
tban
,ruu 1::l
100
vessels.
": vessets.
'rhe
importanceofoftho
theport
port inin grrestion
questionis^not
is not aa matter
matter of
_ The impottance
of estimate,
estimato, but
but has been
been
d e r n o n s t r a t e d by
b y the
t h e experience
cxpeiience o
p a s t five
demonstrated
ofi the
t h e past
f i v e years.
vears.
'I'befirst
a q r r i n a "route
r o u t e to
e f f e c t oof
f tthe
h c oopening
p e n i n g o fof tthe
The first effect
h e yYaquina
t o sshipping
L i p p i n g wwas
a s to
t o force
l b r c o tthe
ho
oiber
transportation
companies-to
reduce thtir
other transportation companies
toreduce
their faros
fares and
ao* freights,
rr"E[is, so
Eo tir-aiil,o
that the cost of
ot
g
e
t
t
r
n
g
a
l
o
n
o
f
w
h
e
a
t
"ost
o market
m a r k e t , from
getting a ton of wheat tto
f r o m the
t h o heart
h e a r t of
o f the
t h eWillarnette
w i i l a n r e t t e Valley
v a l l e v was
w a s reroducetl from
fi'om $6,!0r^wh1c!
duced
$6.60, which!ad.
had to
to tre
be paicl
paid for
for t-aking
taking itit from
Corvallis
frorn CorvaitiJio"p"Jru"a,
to Portland, a, few
f"*
years
w.hich
nownow
lakistakes
years ago,
ago,ioto$3.50,
$3.50,
which
wheatnottotoportlautt-rrrfio
Portlandbut to soo
San Franthe the
wheat"auot
r."a"anclsco, where
ancisco,
wherethere
thereisis an
anadvanta^ge
advantagetoto tho
the farmer
farmerinin the
the price
price of
of not less
less than
ihan 10
10 or
or
11
11 c_ents
cents aa busho:l,
bushel, on
on an
an average
average o{-years.
of years.
The reason
portlald
The
reason of
of tho
the advantage
ailvanta[e. of
of San
san Francisco
Fran_cisco over
over Portland
in the
in
the matter
matter of
of
freights is
freights
is aa_raclical
radical and
ancl essential
eeseitiar one.
one. It
rt depends
<iepentls not
nof on
the Columbia Bar, al.j"-in."c"r"r"'iiu"nr",
t l r - g u g Lthat has be6t
b
e
c
i
though
an
aggravating
circumstance,
but
a
n
.
a
g
g
r
a
v
a
t
i
.
g
c
i
r
e
u
m
s
t
a
'
n
:
e
,
b
u
t
p
o
u
i
i
i
o
i
o
j
.
t
l
"
o
"
"r_
t
l
u
on
the
position
of
the
two
t*o
Lbatlas
cities.
c l r l e s . San
F i a n Francisco
francrsco B
t a u d . soon
n tthe
stands
h o bay,
b a v . with
w i t b an direct
d i r e c t access
a c c e s s to
i o the
t l r o ocean,
o c e a n , while
whilo
Portland,
on
the
Willamette
River,
120
miles
or
thereabouts
from
120
miies
or
ilroreabouts
f"oo.
tne
the
ocean,
has
to
o""e-ao,
nas
to
l:llY:*,^"1^t^t:e_W_iLPmetteRiver,
m
a r n t a . r naa ccostly
o s t l y esystem
y s t o m oof
f p ipilotage
J g l l g u , l i qandt towage
maintain
bring
o r a g e , . t oto b
r i n g the
t h o ships,
s ] . i p s , of
o f whatever
wLatever
t o D n a g e , to
- t oher
tonnage,
h - e rwharves.
w h a r v e s . - TTherefore
t h e two
q u e s l r r u s oof
r time
t w o questions
t l l r ) e and
a n d expense
e x D e n s eare
b e r o f o r e the
r l r o both
both
a'swereil in
in favor
san Francisco
answered
favor of
of San
Franoisco by
by the
the shipowner
shif owner when
wh;r selecting
;;ft;ti;g-;foiiio
a port to which
wuoh
to send his ships.
shins.
iherefore,
that
No
wonder,
therefore,
that
there
should
be
the
generally
the'e shoulil be the generallv constant
jn
constant difference
difference in
. \o,ryo1tle-r,
tfreights
r e r g h t s in
r n favor
lavor o
off the
t ' h e southern
s o u t h e r n .port.
p o r t . . But
B u t tthere
h o r e iis
s"a
n o t h e i element
another
e l e m e D t in
i n this
i n i " ques.1ue"_
tiou
to be now
now considerod.
tion to
considered. San
San Francisco
Frranciseo herself
hersotf is
is an
;;;;;;Dsi;Ji6"t
expensive port for
the ships.
fir't"ir"
srrior.
TLere-are
barbor dues,
dues, wharfage,
wh;rrfage. State
There
are harbor
to pay for, and therer,lues,water
State dues,
pri.-iL!*T;;i;'f;;.;;4";t;i;:
*otu" privileges
quesrion presents
fore the question
nreserris itself
itself if
fore
necessary incidents
if these
these are
are'""."uui"y
i."TJ""i.'#trr-u'uilippiug
to
the
shipping
of
e$^r'
or
ths, exports
exporls--of
the
of wlxitever
whatever kinct
kind thai
that are
are destined
d;.i'i;"4];;; for a foreign
i';r;G;;-^rk;;.44v
market.
J3ay
stantls
a-t
the
Yaquina
Bay
stands
at
the
one
spot
on
the
long
stretch
ono
spot
onr,he
long
stredih
of
coast
betwee
of
coast
berween
San
san
-_Ilg.oi"o
rrancrsco
aD(r
Francisco
and rno
the Sound
$ouud w-b.ere
where easy,
easy, quick,
quick, and
and cheap
choap approach
approach from
from the
the ocean
ocean is
is
oombinecl wiur
safe and
ancllancl-locliecriarb6r,
combined
with aa safe
land-locked harbor, of
size, and speedy access from
or ample
ampttsiZ'q;Jrp;;ay;;;ess
from
.t
I
1i.
+(
t
*
11
lr*
t
I
s.tel,Tshiq^runlarl'b_ut
ole steamship
Fraficisco.
steamships
sail between Yaquina and San Francisco,
had
but one
run,r;"i#id;ir;;il;;;-i;q;i"u'a"a'Su"
26,739
llme.zb'l.Jv
que'tloDd.rlngtna6
ports in
iD question
ning,
the ports
during that time
betwoentho
carriedbetween
onoship
ship carried
andithis
this one
ninq. and
tons
20,063
impoits.to
tousimports
proportion
and
exports
was
6,675
tons
to 20,063 tons
was
6,6?5
and
expoits
imporr,s
{'b;;orr".ii"ri
tons.
il;!.' The
'Ii;;;irptftheofofimports
to the
lho
ehargee to
transportatibn charges
pioportionato-eaving_in
of export. Now apply the proportionate
saving in transportation
introdu-ction of
by the
tho introduction
affectecl by
indirecily affected
volume
business which i'.
is directly
"ii""port.of tuuioust,^*hi"n
al.".ity or indirectly
i?,fiil.i-,]i
ques"r be
oI the
1noquesDagnltude of
gainedof
of the
tlremagnitude
this
bogained
will
ideawill
someidea
routo and
andsome
competiDgroute
this competing
tions
involved.
irvolvod'
tions
-M;.""f
Many ofthosewho
those whohavo
havestualieal
studiedthis
this transportatio:r
transportation q.estion
question as
as itit affects the
of
improvements, that of
f,wo.improvements,
whole
communities oi
of inlNo"thwestmaintain
the Northwest maintain that, of the two
*il;;;'"";firitl"u
importance'
in-intrinsic
Columbia in
Yaquiva
overshadowsthat
that at the mouth of
intrinsic importance.
of the
theColumbia
o"utuhariows
i"o"i",
-]i;;;
in the
tho
Yaquina route in
by the
tle Yaquina
mov-erlby
acttrallymoved
It may be
suggested tnat
that the
tonnagoactually
tbe tonnage
lr;;;cs"stea
and from
pa-ssing
to ard
period mentioned i*io.ic"in.u"t
is insignificant invdlume
in volume conipared
compared with
with that
that passing
to
byaacompeting
competing
ratesoffered
offeredby
iower rates
tho lower
"".i"alu"ti""?'a
matters the
tianslortation matters
Portland. But in transportation
!;i1""6,--b-;tir
tho
as in the
where,as
and especially
osp,ecially,
situation, and
route
where,
govorl the situation,
fou^nclto govern
bo found
ai*uyr be
.itt always
iorti will
orpeltg_e
leduced
gl'ad_es,
a-l1d
easiergrades, and reduced expense
lines, easier
present case,
the rates
on shorter
shorter lines,
arobased
basell.on
ratesare
caso,the
tresont
po-rsistency
this is no vain contentiog
contention isis seen
with
sien by the persistency
fn*itniu
of
handling cargo. That
;i;;;iit"*'";;eo.
,rv,ith
which
the previously eJsdng
existing routes
routes enaleavored,
endeavored,.frst,
first,totoimpedo
impede and
and obstrucl'
obstruct the
;;i.h ;h;it;;i?usly
tacconstruction
of the Oregon P"acific
Pacific Railroa-tl,_and,
Railroad, and, afteiwards,wben
afterwards, when tho,origirral
the original tac;;;;;;r"rid;;f-tne6rJgon
&Idtvefs arrnto divers
llne into
competlug line
now competing
tics
had failed,
failed, to
to incluce
inducethe
the entranco
entrance of the new
tice hatl
d'ietricts'
rangements
and Bsgregating
segregating districts.
foi dividing traffic ancl
iango-ents for
--.iil;;-;;tanO.,m
Oregon
the Oregon
supposition-_th_at
This memorandumnis
hasproceed.ed
proceededtihu[
thusfi.r6n
far on the
the supposition
that the
Ya,Iley
wlllamette Valley
theWillamette
connectcdthe
Pacific
Railroad bart
had fulfilled
fulfilledits
its mission
missionwhen
when itit connected
Pacifio Railroad
scopo
lar wider scope
will show the far
glanceat
of Oregon
Oregor will
with
mapof
at the
tho map
but aaglance
uuutroard,but
iiil the
tnuseaboard,
of 96,000
of
its projection. Fully one-half of the great State of Oregon, with its area of
;filr;."i;;it;;.'Fuifyo-ne-nalfofthegr^eat,statoofOregon,withits.area^of96'000
eastern
eastern
plainswido-plains
lho wide
miles,
is without ruirio"aa
railroad counoction
connectionwith
withtbe
the worl,l.
world. The
-ji"r.'iiik-itho"t
sbcop
flocks of sheep
co_untless.flocks
ot' countless
and southeastern
Oregon
are D.ow
now devoted.
devoted to
to the
the raieirlg
raising of
Ot"Co" &ro
.lr"i1""i,i"*
i"a
passrng
fast passing
18 last
sheepherderis.
anclsheepherder
cowboyand
and
cattle; but the
of the cowboy
clayoftho
thoday
ofcattle;"but
herds of
ancl herds
away.
*[?{ifu-unt
Desert
tbe.O-regon
Settlement and
demonstrated that the
Oregon Desert
farming have now tlemolstratecl
ancldiversified
cliversifiealfarming
which the present
by _which-tho.plesenl
of
the early
save in
in the
the ropresentations
representations by
no existence,
existenco,Javo
mapshas
haeno
oarlymaps
ol,-the
frighten off
or
occupants
of the
expanseofof couutry
countryinin quostion
question Eough.t
sought to
to lrlgnl'en
thi widespread
wiclespreadexpanse
bf
occuDa,nts
crossetl
ol'-O-regon
intending
prospectors. The
center of
Oregon isis crossed
lnd,center
very heart
h-eartand
Tho very
toO ri.oupu"tdrs.
tu1tf".u and
i"i"i'ai-"n settlers
-rr"
in.ilscenter
passing the Willamette
Valley
in
its center
WillarnetteYalley.
Alter pasiring
P'acific. After
by the
irrthe
tneOregon
oredooPacific.
tn" line
iii" of
'Ihis rl-istrictococMountains' This district
o-fthe
theCascade
C"asoade
regionsof
the
enters the
timber
Mountains.
timborregions
inugreat
ird" line
fiiu-"*"it
E.u?,t
civil engiucor
engineer
A civil
cupies
milesininlength
length by
by 50
50miles
milesininbrerdth.
breadth. A
fOOmilee
oTabout
uBu"t 100
;;i;;-"'"*an area of
his
in his
roports that in
quostionreports
of
eminence ^ft*
after caroiul
careful examination
examinationof
of thoaistrict
the district in question
.i'.*i"*ru
profacro, affording profjudgment
feet of
of lumbor
lumber per acre,
300,000feot
100,000to 300,000
from100,000
wiii yield
vietdfrom
ir].f *-"tiiii it will
yearsto
to come.
come'
fifty years
itable
occupation
for the
for fifty
railroaclfor
thorailroad,
occupatiorrfor
itab"le
^"C;i";;Jl;-g;i"."
through the
ro-att_p_agles
rho road
reaohed the
Before the eastern no""ariy
boundaryofofthe
the Stdtd
State is .reached
passes through
in Oregon
Oregon_totbeWillamett'e
entire length of
second in
to the Willamette in point
onlysocond
Valloy,only
HarneyValley,
the namby
of the
Deroro
traverses the
Valley before
Malheur-va.iley
theMaiheur
ittraverees
Thenco it
"oTi*fuostl,
of
both size and goneral
general fertilit.y.
fertility. Thence
ofbothsiToand
of Idaho.
fdaho.. Either
the State
Stateof
onteriug the
reaching th;;;.Ei"s
the crossingofoftnu
the Sndke
Snake River
River and
and entering
;ili,];;
roadg
other roads
place with
with other
me"etingplace
intended.meeting
at
or near the State bpundarythoro
there is
is an
an intended
;;;;"?tTh;-Si"t"Bpo"au"y
to the
the considerations
demonstratingtho.present
the prsent
consialerationsalemonstrating
When, to
traversing
tho continent.
continent. When,
iraversioe the
eastconnectionwith eastimportance
are ad'd'eh
added those
those arising
arising from
from aa diroct
direct connection
iuqui"", o"u
i;;""tt"';;?"-;iof Yaquina,
passenger and
through passenger
of through
cleve"lopmentsof
ern
transcontinental roads, -with
all the
tho developments
with all
;*.f,;;"""";;;;i"""i"i-i.6*ar,
cletermination
freight
then tho
the engineering
engineeringproblcm
problemisis tire
the only
left ['or
for determination
t.om", thon
- one left
ii"isht traffic,
providing
snch
clin g- such
of provi
g on
the.work
before
proved the ppropriety
of onterin
entering
on the
work of
rolri etv of
;-"fi.;"";.accepting
;;i"E ;;as ;i;t"dthe
Coast.
to the Pacific
Pacitic Coast.
diaft coming to
gth;il;i as
a-; channel
shall suffice
for th6
the ships o?
of d.eepest
deepest draft
.'im.u for
&;nitt
words.
up
summ--ed
The
essence ana
and giit
gist of
of what
what has
has 6eon
been wriften
written may be
up in
in a few
few worde.
bo summed
Th;;;il
-:.t,3tftqi
8
8
gAR AT
BAIl
AT ENTRANCE
ENTR,ANCE TO
TO HARBOR
HARBOR AT
ATYAQUINA
YAQUINA BAY,
oREGON.
tsAY, OREGON.
Yaquina
harbor. It
already with'tho
witlithe interior
safo and
commorlious harbor,
is connected
intorior
ancl commodious
It is
connectecl alreatly
Yaquina is a safe
grain for
by
Pacific Railroacl,
Railroad, which
which could
could tboro
there deliver
per ton
from
Oregon Pucjfic
deliver grain
ibr $2
tor from
by the
ihe Oregon
$2 por
the
if only
ouly the channel
t'hannel were
wero sufficiently
Willametto Valley,
Valloy, if
sufficiontly deepened to enable
enaLrJethe
the
the Willamette
grain
to cometo
alongsidethewharves.
depthof
grain ships
come to and
lio alongsido
ships to
ancl lie
tho wharves. Forthis
l'orthis theproposed
tho proposod depth
of
proviclo
25
feet
will
amply
suffice;
to
provide
less
would
be
to
leave
the
work
but
half
done.
amply
the
work
but
dono.
suffioe; to
loss woultl bo to leavo
half
25 feet will
At
Albany
and
Corvallis
the
railroad
takes
in
the
traffic
of
the
whole
Willamette
Albany
and
railroad
takes
in
of
the
wholo
Willamotto
At
tho traftio
Corvalli.q the
Valley,
consisting ofof seven
seven ofof tho
the richest
richest counties
couniies of
From five
fivo of
of those
thoso
Valloy, consisting
of Oregon.
Oregon. From
counties
last year
year the
ships aggregatocl
aggregated
products available
tlre products
ava'ilable for
for shipment
shipmont by
by seagoing
seagoing ships
couuties last
large figures
figures
about
tons,oror enough
enough toto loatl
load one hundred
217,496 tons,
hundrecl ships,
ships. To
To these
tirose large
about 217,496
should be adtled
added the incoming
On the
the analogy
analogy of
of the
the amount
amount carried
carried between
incoming traffic.
traffio. On
botweon
elould
Yaquina a,nd
and San Francisco
year the
Francisco this
this last
last year
iucoming traffic
traffic may
nay be
bo safely
safely
Yaquina
thevolume
volumo of
of incoming
estimated
off tthe
one-forrrth o
h e outgoing.
outgoing,
e
s t i r n a t e d aatt one-fourth
The
saving to
to the
wheat alone
The saving
the farmer
farmer on
o.n wheat
alone by
by the
routo is
tho opening
oponing of
of the
t)ro Yaquina
Yaquina route
ie
20 cents
not
less than 20
oents a bushel.
uot less
on other
The
been proportionato.
proportionate.
The saving
saviug on
traffio haM
has been
other traffic
The
PacificRailroad
Railroadisis yet
yet in
in its
its infancy
infancy and
and incomplote.
incomplete. When
Wben complete,
conploto,
Tiie Oregon
Oregon Paciffc
will an immense
not only
scopeofofcounl,ry
country be
beopened
openedtotorailroad
railroadfhcilities-now
facilitiesnow enolly will
immenso scopo
eutirely
uirprovidecl forbut
for-but a connection
a &nnection will
wiUbeneeffected
transcontinental traffic.
traffio.
tirely unprovided
dfiectea with
with transcontinental
p
o
p
uWestern
Oregon,
the
district
directly
tributary
to
Yaquina,
is
now
the
most
popuW e s t e r u O r e g o n , t h e d i s t r i c t d i r e c t l y t r i b u t a r y t o Y a q u i n a , i s r . r o wt h e m o s t '
Portla,ntl, and,
lous part
part of
of th6
the State
lous
outsitle the
the city
city of
of Portland,
to statistics
statistics supsupState outside
and, according
according to
pJied
plied by
by the
the emigration
emigration board,
board, ancl
and printed
printed by
by the
nowspaper in
in its New
the Oregonian
Oregonian newspaper
Now
Year's
number of 1891,
received in
one-half of
of the
immigrants who
1891, recoivod
in 1890
1890 one-half
camo
Yoay's number
who came
the 68,500
68,500 immigrants
year.
into Oregon
in that
that year.
into
Orogon in
The
real antl
and full
full beneflt
benefit of
of the
The real
tho work
work already
alreatl.y done
the United
done by
by the
Unitetl States
States GovernGovorngo there.
gaineduntil
ment at Yaquina
gained
ships
Yaquina can
cau not
uot be
).re
urtil deep-sea
deep-s'oa
freely come
come and
ancl go
thoro.
meut
sbipscan
ian freely
js
done the
port is
Until
one of
of the
iu-ouo
of transshipment
two exthis is done
the port
transshipment only,
orily, and
ancl the
the cost of
the two
oxUntil this
line of
tra handlings
to conduct
conducttho
thel,raneport
transport
handlings and
anclof
of the maintenance
maintenance of
of aa line
tra
of steamships to
to San
San Francisco
ought, ifif possible,
possible,toto bo
be savoal
saved to
to tho
the producer,
Francisco ougl-rt,
protlucer, when
when the
tho ocean
ocean
to
coulcl and
transport
transport could
anclwould
rvoultl be
moro cheaply
cheaply and
antl more
oommencetl from
bo more
moro expeditiously
expeilitiously commenced
front
.
Yaquina
direct.
d.irect.
Yaouina
'I-he
The railroad.
railroad cornpcny
companyhas
hasalreacly
alreadyprovitled
providedfacilities
facilitiesatatYaquina
Yaquinainin pilotago
pilotage antl
and
towage
and iu
in wharfage,
where tho
the loacling
loading antl
and unload.ing
unloading of
of ships
ships can be
towage. ancl
wharfago, whero
bo cheaply
oheaply
qurcKry
and
quickly
carried
on.
carne0
on.
&no
The immense
outlay incurreil
incurred by
Tho
immense outlay
by the
Oregon Pacific
hae been
the Oregon
Pacific Railroad
Railroacl Company
Company has
been
made in
on the
and foresight
in full
full. reliance
reliance on
foresieht of
mad.o
the wisdom
wisdom and
of the
Genoral Government
Government in
ir
the General
project of
carrying
out toto tho
the full
full the
The
oarrying out
of improving
improvi.ng this
Tho contemplated
contomplated
the project
lhis harbor.
harbor.
completion
of tho
the Nicaragua
Nicaragua Oanal
Canal will
will add
adclenormously
of Yaquina
Yaquina as
completior of
enormously to the
tho claims
claims of
port of
aa port
direct siripment
shipment to
to foreign
countries, No
situatecl than
harbor isis better
ofdirect
foreign countries.
No harbor
better situated
than
Yaquina
to socure
secure aa full
full sharo
share of
of trafffc
trafficwith
with China
China aurl
and Japan.
Japan. This
This is also
also in
in conYaquina to
contemplation
have invested
with those
those who
who havo
invested in
in this
this enterprise.
temolation with
euternriso.
In presenting this
thismatter
matterfor
forconsideratirrn
considerationit itisiseugqeetod.
suggestedthat
thatitit shoulal
should not
not bo
be
In-presentinE
fnaicial scheme
taken
scheme submitted
submitted to
to capitalists
capitalists as
an investment,
ae a financial
inveetment, but
but as an iminrtaken as
ai-an
public benefit,
presprovement
of
for the public
tho effect
of which
louq after
after the
thopresbenefft, the
oft'ect,
which will
will endure
enduro long
Drovement for
-ent
gonoration has-passed
its infancy.
infanoy.
ent generation
has passedaway.'
away. The
The whole
whole State
is but
bu1in
iu its
ofOregon
Oregon is
Stato of
But
to incomers
incomers ate
are so
sogreat
greatthat
that itit is no
no vain
vain prophocy
prophecythat
that
attractions offered
offered to
But the
tho attractions
present population
population will
the
the next ten
double itself
itself in
i:r the"nert
years.
will double
tho present
ten years.
gf
Althoughtho
the Willametto
Willamette Valloy
Valleyisisthe
theolaiest
oldest settloil
settled portion
portion of tho
the Stato,
State, yet
yet not
Although
not
one-third
of its
ite productive
aroa is
is now
now under
undor cultivation.
oue-third of
nroaluctivo area
cultivation,
But
even
if
the
further
improvement
of
Yaquina
were
considered
as
a
commercial
even
if
improvement
of
Yaquina
a
commercial
But
thi further
wero consiclerotl ae
enterprise
it would
would. not
not be
bo aa bad
bad showing
showing that
that an
has reroenterpriso it
anexpenditure
expendituro ofof$600,000
$6001000has
incomings
turned
in
incomings
of
the
nature
of
income
inthe
thefirst
first teu'vears
ten years of
of itg
its
in
of
tho
natulo
ol
incomo-in
tulnea $230,000
$230,000
existence.
This,
rails alone
This, however,
the actual
fact here,
oxistence.
however,-isis the
actual fact
here, for
for the
tho duties
duties on
on steel
steelrails
alono
brought
PacificRailroad.
Railroad Company
Companyhave
haveyiekied
yieldedthat
thatamount,
amount. Let
by the
brought in by
tho Oregon
Oregon Paciiic
Let
itit also
borneininmiucl
mindthat
that for
for want
want of
be borno
of the
the completion
improvemont all
also be
comnletion of
of the
ths improvement
all
those
delivery at
rails had
hacLto
reshippecl at
at San
francisco for
at Yaquina.
Yaqui-na,
to be
bo reshipped
Sau Francisco
for'clelivory
thoeo rails
gubmitted show
The
facts herein
heroin submitted
show conclusively,
conclusivel.v, it
alTho facts
it is
is hoped,
hoped, that
that the
the$600,000
$600,000alimprovemelt bears
proiortion to
ready expended
expontled. in
in this
thie improvement
beare but adsmall
to the
tLocommercial
commercial
lmalL proportion
advantages
alreadygained
gained by
by the
the present
present generation
generation of
citizens of
of this
this State.
State. It
advantages already
of citizens
greater advantages
is freely
freely admitted
admitted that
that to
vastly greater
to assure
assuro the
thevastly
d.epondeuton
on obtainobtainis
advautages dependent
ing a 25-foot
channeltotothe
the ocean
ocean consideril'ly
considerablyIarger
larger oxpeiditures
expenditures are
are required.
required.
25-foot channel
ing
equally
But
it
is
equally
confidently
submitted
that
the
success
already
won
is
the
best
it
is
confidently
submitteal
tbal
rvon
iu
the
lrest
But
the"succeiss alreacly
possible
possible argument
argument antl
and inducement
inducementfor
for tho
the jud.icious
judicious outlay
outlay of
of whatever
whatover sum
sum ii
ir
great work.
work.
needed to
to coupleto
complete this
this great
need.ecl
Wiu.
HOAG,
M. H.AG,
WM. M.
.frlanagcr
for T.
1'. D,
E. Hogg,
ReceiverO,
0. P,
P. B.
W. V.
C.
Managerf,or
Eogg, Recehter
n, B.
n, q W,
f, 4t C,
It
o