Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
Efficiency of Innovation Processes Management in the Republic
of Kazakhstan
Aziza Zhuparova* and Rimma Sagiyeva**
The research on development of effective management system of innovative
processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out in this thesis. The
international experience of development of market economy shows that the
stable economic growth, increase in gross domestic product are possible only
on an innovative basis, i. e. in case of active use of modern scientific and
technical achievements in economy, and also in case of a capability of
economic entities to innovative activities and new developments. Today
innovation is the only way of a survival in conditions of the global competition
of not only separate economic entities, but also national economy in general.
In this respect, leading French specialist on sociology of organization М.
Korisie noted: «In modern day competition, above all, they compete not for
resources and material values, but for the ability to innovate».
JEL Codes: F34, G21 and G24
1. Introduction
So far a large number of the state programs intended to create conditions for diversification
of economic sector and large-scale implementation of innovations is accepted in Kazakhstan.
However their implementation in practice didn't bring any tangible results.
For effective management of innovative processes it is necessary to make a choice of the
most effective management instrumentation of innovative processes at all levels of economic
hierarchy, development of the ways increasing their innovative activity. In this respect there is
an enduring need for improvement of methods and management systems of innovative
processes and developments of the technique based on use of system of indicators –
indicators which allow to evaluate the level of innovative development and innovative
contribution of each specific of the called subjects at country GNP, and also to reveal the
problems interfering implementation of their innovative potential.
Experience witnesses that without improvement of management of innovative processes in
the Republic of Kazakhstan it is impracticably to solve problems of adaptation of domestic
economy to modern global processes, exit from financial and economic crisis, and the
quickest modernization. It determines the relevance of this thesis research.
_________________________________________________________________________
*Aziza Zhuparova, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan. Email: aziza_z@mail.ru
**Rimma Sagiyeva, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
2. Literature Review
Scientific degree of a theme determined by a sufficiently large number of publications
focusing on the management of innovation processes on the meso - and macrolevel. In
modern scientific literature focuses on infrastructural support innovation; variational methods
for assessing and reducing the risks associated with innovation; pathways to the formation of
human resources; model formulas to stimulate innovative ideas of designers; thematic issues
of participation of public authorities in promoting the development of innovative processes;
research methods in consumer demand for innovative products; characteristic lines of
measures to improve the organization of innovative products and after studying the
responses of consumers; specifics of management of innovative projects at the stage of
research and development activities; theoretical aspects of the life cycle of innovation,
methods of assessing the impact of the introduction of innovative development, etc.
Among the foreign specialists, whose works are of greatest interest for the study of the
management of innovation processes should be noted, first of all, G. Schumpeter (1950), C.
Prahalad (2006), J. Tidd and J. Bessant (2009), Schein, E.H. (2004), E. Rogers (2003),
Dresner (2008), Foxon, T.J., Hammond, G.P., and Pearson, P. (2010), Harzing, A.-W.
(2011) and others. These scientists have developed the fundamentals of management of
innovation processes.
Special attention to the problems of management of innovation processes on economic
thought neighboring countries, exemplified in the works of scholars such as I. Balabanov, A.
Nikolaev, V. Ivanov, I. Gurkova, V. Novokhatskiy, E.Egorova, Beketov, Vasin , L. Mindeli, V.
Fridlyanov, O. Golichenko, P. Zavlina, S. Zangeeva, S. Filin, A. Kochetkov, V. Semenov, Y.
Afanasyev, E. Kirichenko, EV Lebedev and others.
Topical issues of innovative development in Kazakhstan causes a high interest in this
problem many leading Kazakh scientists, among them S. Abdygapparova, Mr. Muthanna,
Alshanov R., F. Alzhanova, B. Baymoldaev, W. Baimuratov, J. Davilbekova, V. Dzekunov , F.
Dnishev, A. Yesentugelov, K. Kazhymurat, B. Kembali, M. Kenzheguzin, Yu Komlev, D.
Mukanov, O. Sabden, S. Satubaldin, J. Adilova, A. Musaev, K. Mukhtarov A . Turginbaeva,
S. Kupeshova and others.
Detecting a large number of scientific papers and significant achievements in the theory and
practice of innovation management, we can not fail to notice a number of issues that remain
still a constant subject of discussion. These include, in particular, include: divergent formulas
for the construction management of innovation processes in the beginning of the
implementation of the general functions of management, the definition of guidelines for
analysis and evaluation of innovation and others. The differences arise because of the lack
of clarity in the formulation of concepts, classifications number of imperfections in control
theory innovative processes.
3. The Methodology and Model
Aim of the thesis research is development and substantiation of theoretical provisions and
practical recommendations on improvement of management system of innovative processes
in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The following list of tasks represents detailed research objectives:
1. Clarify the concept of «effectiveness of management of innovation processes» by
pointing out substantial features of this concept;
2. Research national innovation system experiences of the USA, Germany and Japan;
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
3. Systematize international methodology of evaluating effectiveness of innovation
processes and devise criterion for measuring innovation that are integral part of management
system and adapted to practice in Kazakhstan;
4. Carry out an analysis of status and identify problems at current stage of development of
innovation processes in regions of Republic of Kazakhstan based on the suggested
methodology;
5. Systematize factors that affect results of innovation activities under contemporary
conditions in RK and identify characteristic features of innovation management system in this
country;
6. Devise an innovation processes management model utilizing an electronic mapping
based on use of system of indicators, characterizing effectiveness of innovation development
in Republic of Kazakhstan;
7. Devise recommendations for improving innovation management system on macro level.
Object of the research is the innovative processes and features of their development in
regions.
Subject of the thesis work is the management system of innovative processes in RK.
The research methods used in the course of thesis research: comparison, systematization
and generalization –are for specification of essential characteristics of the concept
«innovation management» (p. 1.1) and developments of an evaluation method of efficiency
of innovative processes (p. 1.3); the statistical analysis - is for the analysis of a condition of
innovative processes in Kazakhstan and tendencies of development of innovative activities
(p. 2.1); technique of abstraction, formalization, specification - is for development of
management model of innovative processes with use of the electronic atlas (p. 1.3 and 2.3);
induction and deduction - is for identification and analysis of problems of forming, choice,
acceptance and implementations of effective management decisions in a management
system of innovative processes (Section 3).
Scientific novelty of the research. Scientific novelty of received results the development of
theoretical provisions and practical recommendations on improvement of management of
innovative processes in the conditions of modern Kazakhstan that found the reflection in the
following:
1. Content of the concept «effective management of innovative processes» is clarified in the
light of specific features of the conducted research.
2. Summarized international experience of development of national innovation systems of
such countries as the USA, Germany and Japan, systematized their methods of
governmental management, as well as proved their applicability under conditions in Republic
of Kazakhstan.
3. With the goal of identifying effectiveness of management of innovation processes, devised
an adapted system of indicators for evaluating innovation activities in Republic of
Kazakhstan, with the assumption of specifics of its contemporary state on different levels of
economic hierarchy. The mentioned criterion constituted a base of an information system
«Electronic atlas of innovation development of Kazakhstan «InnoMap.kz», devised by author
in collaboration with group of scientists.
4. Conducted a status analysis and identified problems at current stage of development of
innovation processes in regions of Republic of Kazakhstan based on the suggested
methodology. Presented a new approach to evaluating results of qualitative analysis of
problems of innovation development in Kazakhstan based on data collected through
research poll by distributing questionnaires, conducting interviews, collecting statistical data
and expert analysis in field (at enterprises, in regions, sectorial authorities), concerning the
state and identifying factors of their innovation activities.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
5. Systematized factors that affect results of innovation activities under contemporary
conditions in RK, and identified characteristic features of current system of innovation
processes management in this country.
6. In order to get quantitative indicators of effectiveness of innovation processes in regions of
Kazakhstan that correspond to goals of dissertation of analytical research, author used an
electronic atlas as a significant tool of effective management of innovation processes in
Republic of Kazakhstan.
7. Devised recommendations on improvement of management system of innovative
processes at the macro level are developed.
4. The findings
The presented techniques are aimed primarily at assessing innovation processes in
developed countries and therefore does not have a corrective purpose, does not take into
account a number of factors specific mainly for emerging markets and creating boundaries to
promote innovation (for example, the development of innovative legislation, the priorities of
the public authorities on innovation development et al.). Here, in addition to traditional
indicators, it is useful to view and analyze a number of markers and indicators for evaluating
the effectiveness and efficiency of innovative processes and their impact on the socioeconomic development of the country (some regions and enterprises).
Based on the above raises the question of the need to develop a methodology for evaluating
the effectiveness of management of innovation processes in the country, the region, the
company, based on the use of indicators - indicators that allow you to assess the level of
innovation and innovative contribution of each of these particular actors in the country's GNP,
and to identify challenges to realize their innovative potential.
Obviously, people need a scorecard indicator, which will assess the level of innovation and
innovative contribution of each of these particular actors in the country's GDP, as well as
identify problems that prevent the realization of their innovation potential.
To implement an effective innovation policy and monitoring the results of innovation
processes believe that our proposed method is to solve the following main tasks:
-
Results-oriented needed to tackle specific national and regional targets;
-
Take into account the level of financial and intellectual resources;
Identify problems and obstacles of innovative development of the subjects of
innovation;
-
Identify key drivers and challenges in each stage;
Identify priority trends of innovative development, including identifying the leading
and lagging sectors.
Our proposed technique innovation performance must be based on the following principles:
System that allows you to monitor and adjust the results of innovation at different
stages of its life cycle: at the stage of research and development at the stage of
commercialization, as well as in the implementation phase of innovation, both at the level of
individual enterprises, and at the level of sectors and regions;
Comparison of the results of monitoring the implementation of innovative
development programs of companies, industries and regions with those of foreign countries;
-
Embeddability in strategic innovation development.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
Methods of assessing the efficiency of the innovative development of the state, the region,
the company includes a system of interrelated indicators to assess the results of research
and development, the level of market demand and the real effect of sales of innovative
products.
As an indicator that takes into account the dependence of innovation on the results of
research work, we have considered labor productivity of workers in the field of science,
including masters and doctoral universities.
I1 – performance indicators (performance) research activities.
(1)
Using this indicator will take into account what the real results of scientific sector workers in
accordance with international criteria for the knowledge economy. According to the author's
calculations based on data from the National Institute of Intellectual Property Kazakhstan, the
figure for 2010 was equal to 3.01%, and in 2011 was 2.98%.
This indicator can be comparable with those of other countries. Thus, according to the
calculations in Table 6, we can say that in Kazakhstan, the efficiency of research capacity
lags far behind the former CIS countries (from Russia more than 3 times, Ukraine - more
than 2 times), not to mention developed country (Germany - 23 times).
Since the most vulnerable point of innovation activity in Kazakhstan is the process of
commercialization of innovations, and the above-mentioned figure reflects only the impact of
the research activities, we consider it appropriate to assess the effectiveness of knowledge
transfer to the economy of use index I2, reflecting the ratio of sold (commercialized) research
and development to the total the number of research and development.
Table 1 - Dynamics of performance indicators (performance) research activities in
Kazakhstan in 2007-2012
indicators
Issued patents
(utility models,
selection
achievements)
Number of articles
with IF
Number of issued
patents and articles
with IF
Number of R & D
employees
I1
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
63
111
126
195
173
957
317
337
343
317
363
693
380
448
469
512
536
1650
17774
16304
15793
17021
18003
20404
2,14%
2,75%
2,97%
3,01%
2,98%
8,09%
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
Table 2 - Comparative analysis of efficiency (productivity) research activities in Kazakhstan
with other countries in 2009
indicators
Russia
Ukraine
Issued patents (utility models,
selection achievements)
Number of articles with IF
38564
34309
Number of articles with IF
Number of R & D employees
I1
72873
742400
9,82%
Germany
4814
6431
Kazakhsta
n
Korea
59583
160482
163
64991
126
343
11245
220065
65154
146800 308939,4 246261,6
7,66%
71,23%
26,46%
469
15793
2,98%
(2)
In 2011 in Kazakhstan the ratio of sold (commercialized) to the total number of R & D was
0.67. In 2012, the figure was 0.68.
To assess the level of efficiency already implemented innovative projects propose to use an
indicator of the ratio of the volume of innovative products produced at this stage to implement
innovative projects and the cost of technological innovation. The dynamics of this indicator
may be an indicator of possible repayment (loss) realized in different regions of innovative
projects and allow corrective action.
I3 – indicator of the effectiveness of implemented innovative projects
(3)
Table 3 - Performance indicator of innovative activity in Kazakhstan in 2007-2012
indicators
The volume of innovative
products and volume of
services provided
innovative character, mln.
Tenge
The costs of technological
innovation, mln. Tenge
I3
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
152501
111531
82597,
4
142167
235963
379005
235502
194991
325639
0,60
1,21
1,16
83523,
4
1,83
113460
0,98
61050,
9
1,35
This indicator is universal for all sectors and levels of economic hierarchy. In terms of sectors
and regions, he will reveal the leading and lagging sectors and orient them in accordance
with the implemented strategic priorities. At the macro level it reflects the effectiveness of
financial resources of the country in the context of the international community.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
The data in Table 3 and Table 4 show that in Kazakhstan received income from innovation is
much lower than that in Russia. Based on three indicators, we offer the use of rapid analysis
that will identify leading and lagging companies (sectors and regions), based on the final
outcomes of different stages of the life cycle of innovation. In particular, the first index I1 to
determine the performance level of the stage of research and development of innovations in
the number of patents and articles with impact factor accounting for the 1st researcher. The
relatively low value of this indicator suggests the need to increase the impact of the use of
the intellectual potential of the individual universities and research institutes, as well as the
region, sector, country.
Index I2 describes the results obtained from the level of commercialization of innovations.
This stage of the life cycle of the innovation process is especially important for our country,
because, according to foreign and domestic experts, the market valuation (demand),
innovation is the most "bottleneck" innovative development of our country at all levels of the
economic hierarchy.
Table 4 - Performance indicator of innovative activity in Russia in 2008-2012гг. [148]
indicators
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Sales of innovative products,
services, bln. Rubles. (in
current prices)
916,1
1 047,0
877,7
1 165,7
1 847,4
4,4
3,8
2,4
3,3
3,9
1 ruble spent on technological
innovation, rub.
Crucially the transition to a knowledge economy is a process of transformation of knowledge
into real financial income. Accordingly, the economic impact of the knowledge produced can
be evaluated in terms of market demand for them; the lower the sold (commercialized)
innovation, the less innovative competitive economic entity.
I3 is a universal indicator, as comparable with those not only in different regions, sectors and
countries, but also reflects the real value of innovation funded at a certain stage of their
implementation. Low values of this indicator does not always mean inefficiency ongoing
innovation, because very often innovative projects are long-term. However, the dynamics of
increasing the value of this indicator allow the identification of the positive trends of
innovative processes.
In general, the proposed system of indicators used in combination, may be the monitoring
tool to the strategic objectives of the country's economy. Using the proposed methodology for
assessing the effectiveness of an analytical tool to identify problems, obstacles, weaknesses
and innovative development includes the development of an appropriate system of measures
to address them.
The resulting system of indicators can be used in conjunction with an electronic atlas as a
tool for effective management of the innovation process. Moreover, international experience
demonstrates the success of innovation measurement use electronic atlas as a means of
monitoring and management of innovation processes. In the world famous electronic atlas,
serve as a tool to improve the system management Known:
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
1.
Map of open innovation (Open Innovation Map - OIM) is a platform for visualization of
key players in the field of open innovation, as well as new creative ecosystems and
diversified companies worldwide.
2.
Map of innovations in the field of medicine shows innovative model at the state level as
well as at the level of medical institutions, where innovative models tested.
3.
Environmental Innovation Map (Environmental Innovation Map) is a map that shows the
innovative developments aimed at solving environmental problems.
In order to develop a system of management of innovation processes in the Republic of
Kazakhstan, taking into account the development of foreign researchers in the use of
interactive maps for effective innovation management, we have also attempted to create an
interactive electronic atlas. The purpose of developing the electronic atlas - improving the
system of management of innovation processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis
of the calculation of the effectiveness of innovation regions of Kazakhstan, using the
proposed system of indicators.
Electronic atlas of the following tasks:
1.
Electronically monitor and promptly submit electronically information on the level of
innovation development.
2.
Automate processes of innovative development of regions (sectors).
3.
To raise awareness of the regions of their own level of development of innovative
activity in comparison with other regions.
4.
Manage the key indicators of research and innovation regions of the country with a view
to promote and create an environment of competition between regions.
5.
Provide archiving the history of innovative development of regions (sectors) and
recommendations to further enhance its order to analyze the dynamics of innovation
processes.
The algorithm for calculating the indicator values of innovation development of Kazakhstan
regions based on the following stages:
1. For each indicator were collected official statistics for the last year available. Because
innovation processes take place in the Republic of Kazakhstan is not as dynamic as well as
the lack of sufficient statistical database, calculation of indicators by region for the year 2012
was made.
2. The calculation of indicators in all regions.
2.1. The indicator of efficiency of research activities for the region includes the following
categories of data: region, the number of patents, number of scientific publications with
Impact Factor (IF), the number of researchers
2.2. The calculation of the efficiency of knowledge transfer to the economy includes the
following categories of data: the region, the number sold (commercialized) scientific research
(R & D), the number of R & D
2.3. The calculation of the efficiency of implemented innovative projects includes the
following categories of data: region, the volume of innovative products, the cost of
technological innovation.
3. The obtained data were normalized by the simple average. Thus, the formula for
calculating the final indicator is as follows:
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
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Ii – value of the indicator for the innovative development of the region i
n – the total number of indicators for which the indicator is calculated
Thus, the electronic atlas is a tool aimed at improving the efficiency of management of
innovative processes at all levels of the economic hierarchy. Using the proposed
methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management of innovation processes based
on electronic atlas is an analytical tool to identify problems, obstacles, weaknesses
management of innovation processes and provides for the development of appropriate
measures to address them. In addition, the electronic atlas allows the analysis of the current
state of development of innovative processes in the regions of Kazakhstan, the results of
which can be offered advice on the development of science, technology and innovation in
accordance with international experience. As a result, the data can be monitored innovation
activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Next, we calculated each indicator. The first indicator of the effectiveness of research
activities by region is shown in Table 5.
Table 5 - Analysis of the effectiveness of research activities by region for 2012
region
Number of
patents
West
Kazakhstan
Pavlodar
Mangistau
Kyzylorda
Zhamvyl
Astana
Aktobe
Kostanay
Karaganda
Akmola
South
Kazakhstan
Almaty region
Almaty city
Atyrau
North
Kazakhstan
East Kazakhstan
Number of published
scientific articles
(WebofKnowledge)
Number of
researchers
The result of
the
calculation
184
87
111
16
39
97
12
21
94
64
7
4
3
9
4
254
7
4
15
18
516
292
569
192
350
3024
172
268
1189
936
37,02%
31,16%
20,04%
13,02%
12,29%
11,61%
11,05%
9,33%
9,17%
8,76%
73
11
102
17
14
21
318
4
994
415
8644
605
8,75%
7,71%
4,86%
3,47%
5
24
4
7
325
1913
2,77%
1,62%
Leaders in the level of development of research and development are the following regions
(more than 101% of the average value in brackets shows the percentage of the average of
the integral index of the regions of Kazakhstan):
1.
West Kazakhstan (125%);
2.
Pavlodar (119 %);
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
3.
Mangistau (108 %);
4.
Kyzylorda (101 %).
These areas show a good result in terms of, thanks to the patent, but the number of
publications in top journals remains low. In West Kazakhstan region 100 scientists has 36
patents, or almost a third scientist in 2012 received a patent. In Pavlodar region every fourth
scientist in 2012 received a patent.
East Kazakhstan region showed the lowest rate only 1.62%. So, in this region only every
employee has 80 patent or scientific publication in top journal. In the North-Kazakhstan
region - every 40 Scientist.
Despite the fact that the greatest number of people involved in research are concentrated in
Almaty (8644) and Astana (3024), the effectiveness of scientists remains significantly low. In
Almaty 20 each worker received a patent or published an article in the magazine top-rated,
and in Astana - every 11.
In general, the country this figure is 8.09%, or one in 12 of the scientist received a patent or
wrote an article that came in top magazine. Germany, a country-leader in innovative
developments, here the figure is 28%, ie every 4 workers engaged in the research, got the
result.
Analysis of the effectiveness of research activities to the following conclusions:
1.
Performance indicators of research activity remains well below the global importance.
2.
High performance results of scientific and innovative activity in some regions due to the
presence of research centers in the regions (West Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda region).
3.
The gap in many regions due to the obsolescence of scientific and technical base.
4.
Inefficient order of distribution of research funding. Thus, the grant funding the Ministry
of Education and Science is mainly produced major universities of the country, which are
concentrated in the city of Astana and Almaty, however, these regions show significant lag
not only from the world of values, but also from other regions of Kazakhstan.
5.
International cooperation in the field of research a significant impact on the
development of science in the regions. Thus, the West Kazakhstan region, where a huge
number of foreign scientists and researchers on this indicator exceeded the result the
effectiveness of the research activities of scientific personnel Germany.
6.
The subjects of research, as a whole, the country is not relevant, this is evidenced by
the number of top-rated publications.
The next indicator "effective transfer of knowledge to the economy" is analyzed in Table 6.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
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Table 6 - Analysis of the effectiveness of knowledge transfer to the economy
Number of commercialized
research
region
1
Aktobe
Karaganda
Almaty region
Akmola
Kyzykorda
Pavlodar
Atyrau
East Kazakhstan
Astana
Almaty
Zhambyl
North Kazakhstan
Mangistau
Kostanay
South Kazakhstan
West Kazakhstan
2
39
131
14
64
16
85
16
20
75
78
24
2
34
5
17
31
Number of R
&D
3
12
94
11
64
16
87
17
24
97
102
39
5
111
21
73
184
The result of the
calculation of the
transfer
of
knowledge in the
economy,%
4
325,00
139,36
127,27
100,00
100,00
97,70
94,12
83,33
77,32
76,47
61,54
40,00
30,63
23,81
23,29
16,85
Leaders percentages "effective transfer of knowledge in the economy" are the following
regions (more than 106% of the average value in the parentheses show the percentage of
the average of the integral index of the regions of Kazakhstan):
1. Aktobe (336 %)
2. Karaganda (151 %)
3. Almaty region (139 %)
4. Atyrau (155 %)
5. Kyzylorda (111 %)
6. Akmola (111 %)
7. Pavlodar (109 %)
8. Atyrau (106 %)
Rate of knowledge transfer to the economy in the Aktobe region was 325%. The presence of
minerals in the area and their industrial processing operations research structures of
industrial enterprises are the main prerequisite for the formation of industrial innovation
center.
West Kazakhstan region ranked last rated "effective transfer of knowledge to the economy."
The main reason for this phenomenon is that the mining companies do not make mandatory
contributions from their income on Kazakh scientific research and experimental development
(R & D), because there is no body that draws the conclusion that these developments really
such. Technopark in average costs exceeded revenues fourfold, from 120 projects received
funding only 5 percent.
Analysis of the performance indicator of knowledge transfer in the economy leads to the
following conclusions:
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
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1.
The lowest rate of commercialization due to the fact that, in general, the country has a
low demand for the manufacturing sector of the economy to new domestic developments;
2.
in some regions (Aktobe and Karaganda region) there is a trend of commercialization of
foreign R & D;
3.
somewhere reason is due to the insufficient number of patent services and skilled
personnel. In West Kazakhstan region is absent center of technology commercialization;
4.
disinterest authors developers research received government contracts, to ensure the
legal protection of these results is one of the reasons for the low efficiency of knowledge
transfer to the economy;
5.
The absence of a centralized monitoring system for subsequent commercialization of
patents.
Analysis of the effectiveness of implemented innovative projects reviewed in Table 7.
The leaders in terms of "effectively implemented innovative projects" are the following
regions (more than 145% of the average value in the parentheses show the percentage of
the average of the integral index of the regions of Kazakhstan):
1.
Pavlodar (1700%);
2.
Karaganda (290 %);
3.
West Kazakhstan (179 %);
4.
South Kazakhstan (145 %).
Table 7 - Analysis of the effectiveness of implemented innovative projects
The result of the
The volume of
The costs of
calculation of the
region
innovative
technological
effectiveness of
products
innovation
implemented
innovative projects
1
2
3
4
Pavlodar
97 620,0
5 197,3
1878,28
Karaganda
29 769,7
6 722,9
442,81
West Kazakhstan
30 891,5
9 319,2
331,48
South Kazakhstan
99 332,1
33 393,2
297,46
Mangistau
22 588,7
11 208,2
201,54
Akmola
19 902,1
10 356,4
192,17
Almaty city
12 579,1
8 345,4
150,73
East Kazakhstan
4 399,3
3 053,3
144,08
Zhambyl
19 181,2
18 853,8
101,74
Almaty region
13 288,0
14 971,9
88,75
Kostanay
3 645,0
4 558,2
79,97
North Kazakhstan
6 098,3
13 985,0
43,61
Kyzylorda
3 609,0
9 138,4
39,49
Atyrau
4 772,2
15 838,9
30,13
Aktobe
6 542,4
56 039,6
11,67
Astana
4 787,0
104 657,6
4,57
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
In 2012, the Pavlodar region named a leader in the production of innovative products. The
region accounts for 26 percent of all manufactured in Kazakhstan innovative technologies. In
Pavlodar region in 2012, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has approved 34 innovative
projects. In this area also put foreign investment, such as construction project on the border
of Pavlodar and Akmola region of wind power capacity of 50 megawatts, became interested
in the China Development Bank. Within the signed memorandum China undertook to finance
the construction cost of 15 billion tenge.
According to this rating Astana has lagged behind in all regions. This is due to the fact that
the majority of expenditure on innovation in the city are related to social projects. In addition,
in Astana new technologies and advances in science are being introduced as part of a largescale project SMART-Astana. In the city implemented 8 projects totaling more than 110
million tenge.
We emphasize that all these projects are very expensive, are aimed at improving the
enabling environment for the residents of the city, as well as long-term and not immediately
give economic effect.
Analysis of the indicator "effectively implemented innovative projects" to the following
conclusions:
1. High-performance implement innovative projects in some regions due to the fact that the
leadership of the region misinterpreted the concept of innovative products. For example, the
project "Production of urea-formaldehyde resin and its deep processing products»;
2. bright enough to efficiently realize innovative projects in some regions due to the fact that
the region has attracted foreign technology. For example, running Cardiosurgical Center in
Pavlodar. Technology operations borrowed from the Novosibirsk Institute Cardiosurgical;
3. The existing funding programs of research in general cover virtually the entire flow of new
projects, and the products can be considered innovative only for the country;
4. In some regions of innovative projects are very expensive and generate little revenue
(Astana, Aktobe region, Atyrau and Kyzylorda region).
5. In general, in the Republic of Kazakhstan in comparison with previous years, the number
of innovative projects has increased significantly due to the fact that the program began
Industrialization Map.
According to the results of the innovation index, we can say that the leaders in terms of
innovation development at the end of 2012 is the Pavlodar, Karaganda and West
Kazakhstan region. Integral ratings in all three indicators presented in Table 8.
Table 8 - Integral ratings in all three indicators
region
1
Pavlodar
Karaganda
West Kazakhstan
Aktobe
South Kazakhstan
Akmola
Mangistau
Almaty city
East Kazakhstan
rating
2
20,07
5,91
3,85
3,48
3,30
3,01
2,52
2,32
2,29
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
Almaty
Zhambyl
Kyzykorda
Atyrau
Kostanay
Astana
North Kazakhstan
2,24
1,76
1,53
1,28
1,13
0,94
0,86
As a result, the card is as follows.
* - Analysis of the effectiveness of research activities
* - Analysis of the effectiveness of knowledge transfer to the economy
* - Analysis of the effectiveness of implemented innovative projects
Figure 1 - Map of innovative development of Kazakhstan for 2012.
To find the average value of the index, we used the median. Thus, the average value of the
integral index was 2,305. All regions that received a value less than this value are considered
outsiders, and above this value - Leaders.
Regions leaders:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pavlodar
Karaganda
West Kazakhstan
Aktobe
South Kazakhstan
Akmola
Mangistau
Almaty city
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
Regions outsiders:
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
East Kazakhstan
Almaty region
Zhambyl
Kyzylorda
Atyrau
Kostanay
Astana
North Kazakhstan
Leaders and outsiders do not coincide with the formal adoption of statistical indicators,
because we are talking about the impact of ongoing labor and financial costs. We see the
real impact of research activities of employees, the commercialization of patents and
financial costs.
In general, a generalized analysis of the results of innovation activity of Kazakhstan, made
with the use of electronic atlas. Electronic atlas has allowed us to analyze the current state of
the effectiveness of management of innovation processes in the regions of Kazakhstan, the
results of which should be offered advice on the development of science, technology and
innovation in accordance with international experience and the following conclusions:
1. indicator of the effectiveness of R & D behind the global importance;
2. commercialization of innovations carried out mainly foreign studies, ie the transfer of
knowledge in the economy is not a character, almost no transmission of domestic R & D R &
D in the market environment;
3. financing and implementation of projects of foreign developers who are new only in the
national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Thus, in Kazakhstan there is no presence of the national innovation system, which provides a
continuous transmission of new knowledge in the real economy, and innovation are not the
driving force behind the national economy.
5. Conclusion
1. Research has shown that they include: availability of new knowledge about processes,
occurrences, their components, relationship between them and external environment,
possibility of application of new knowledge to obtain economic, technical, technological,
social or other effect.
2. Studied experience of evaluating effectiveness of innovation processes management has
shown that existing methods are not applicable under Kazakhstani conditions of evaluation of
management of innovations, because considered systems of indicators are in large part
directed at evaluating innovation capabilities of developed countries and thus do not take into
account number of factors endemic to developing markets.
3. Complex analytical evaluation of current state of development of innovation processes in
Republic of Kazakhstan, that allowed to reach conclusions on lack of and unevenness of its
pace, irrationality of structure and low level of motivation of economic units, is under further
improvement. All these requires modernization and enactment of corresponding measures of
state intervention into innovation activities of enterprises, use of strategic management of
innovation in industry, as well as perspective improvement of innovation management on all
levels of economic hierarchy.
Proceedings of 11th International Business and Social Science Research Conference
8 - 9 January, 2015, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Dubai, UAE. ISBN: 978-1-922069-70-2
4. With a goal of development of system of innovation processes management in Republic of
Kazakhstan, taking into account works of foreign researchers in use of interactive maps for
effective management of innovation, author created an interactive electronic atlas. Goal of
devising the atlas is improvement of system of innovation processes management in RK,
based on calculation of effectiveness of innovation activities in regions of Kazakhstan, using
three indicators of effectiveness of innovation process management.
5. Based on register of mentioned shortcomings in evaluation of economic effectiveness of
innovation processes, dissertation makes methodological recommendations on improvement
of system of innovation processes management in regions of Republic of Kazakhstan.
Devised complex of activities are directed at maximizing effectiveness of three indicators.
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