UK e-Science Technical Report Series
ISSN 1751-5971
Research School of Systems Engineering
A Visualization Service for the National Grid Service:
A Workshop to derive User Needs
Systems Engineering Innovation Centre, Loughborough University
R.S. Kalawsky, Loughborough University
18-05-2006
Abstract:
This report gives an account of the visualization requirements workshop held at the Systems
Engineering Innovation Centre, Loughborough University on 18 May 2006. The workshop
brought together users, visualization practitioners and potential service providers to discuss a
proposal to augment the National Grid Service (NGS) with a National Visualization Service
(NVS). The workshop discussed the demand from the user community for an NVS, and the
form that any such service should take. It was agreed that there is consensus support for an
NVS, as a distributed and diverse service with a far greater level of provision than PC desktop
hardware can offer. The workshop highlighted the need to consider visualization requirements
from a broad spectrum of users, in the social sciences, arts and humanities as well as science
and engineering. Furthermore, there are diverse computational needs, from data-centric
operations, to visualization-intensive tasks, to interactive computational steering. The benefits
to the community of collaborative visualisation working were recognised, as was a need to
gather the views of more users to strengthen the case for an NVS. Potential users will need
training and support, which VizNET can provide. Users will also require a facility to reserve
visualization facilities. Software licensing is an issue that may need vendor participation to
resolve. With regard to funding, the workshop recommends that JISC consider including an
NVS within their budgetary planning for funding as soon as possible.
UK e-Science Technical Report Series
Report UKeS-2006-05
Available from http://www.nesc.ac.uk/technical_papers/UKeS-2006-05.pdf
Copyright © 2006 The University of Edinburgh. All rights reserved
Research School of Systems Engineering
A Visualization Service for the National Grid Service:
A Workshop to derive User Needs
Date Held: 18 May 2006
Venue: Systems Engineering Innovation Centre, Loughborough University
Summary
There is growing evidence that advanced scientific users (and other developing communities within
the social sciences and, arts and humanities) require access to high end visualization resources that
are too expensive or generally unavailable within their respective organisations. Currently, the
National Grid Service (NGS) does not provide a visualization service thus leaving the user to
process any visualization locally. The addition of a national visualization service with the capability
to process large and diverse datasets and deliver complex visualizations as a complete end to end
service is an attractive and compelling proposition. The national visualization service could form an
important adjunct to the NGS. In order to support a wide user base any high-end visualization
resource will to need to satisfy a diverse set of user needs through a distributed or remote
visualization capability.
This report identifies recommendations from a visualization requirements workshop held at the
Systems Engineering Innovation Centre, Loughborough University on 18 May 2006. The workshop
brought together users, visualization practitioners and potential service providers.
Compiled by:
R.S. Kalawsky
Loughborough University
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Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................3
Workshop Process ......................................................................................................................4
Emerging Factors/issues to be considered arising from the Keynote address............................6
Emerging Factors/issues to be considered arising from the NGS presentation..........................8
Establishing the need – Users perspective/requirements..........................................................10
5.1. Users Needs Session #1 .......................................................................................................10
5.2. Users Needs Session #2 .......................................................................................................12
6.
Service Provision......................................................................................................................14
6.1. Service Provision Session #1 ...............................................................................................14
6.2. Service Provision Session #2 ...............................................................................................16
7.
Plenary Session.........................................................................................................................19
8.
Recommendations ....................................................................................................................20
9.
Concluding Remarks ................................................................................................................21
10. Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................21
11. Appendix A: Attendees ............................................................................................................22
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1. Introduction
Visualization is acknowledged as an important area within the UK academic research community
requiring additional support. Consequently, a number of visualization centres around the UK have
been funded by JISC to harness their strengths and create a virtual entity that provides both a
regional and a national perspective. The resulting UK visualization network (VizNET) is reaching
out to visualization users to offer advice, training and examples of best practice. VizNET has been
motivated by the availability of cost effective visualization hardware that makes it feasible for
research groups (who would not normally be regarded as serious visualization users) to consider
improving presentation and understanding of their data sets by employing advanced visualization
techniques.
There is growing evidence that advanced scientific users (and other developing communities within
the social sciences and, arts and humanities) require access to high end visualization resources that
are too expensive for or generally unavailable within their respective organisations. Currently, the
National Grid Service (NGS) does not provide a visualization service thus leaving the user to
process any visualization locally. The addition of a national visualization service with the capability
to process large and diverse datasets and deliver complex visualizations as a complete end to end
service is an attractive and compelling proposition. The national visualization service could form an
important adjunct to the NGS.
In order to support a wide user base any high-end visualization resource will need to satisfy a
diverse set of user needs through a distributed or remote visualization capability.
This report identifies recommendations from a visualization requirements workshop held at the
Systems Engineering Innovation Centre, Loughborough University on 18 May 2006. The workshop
brought together users, visualization practitioners and potential service providers.
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2. Workshop Process
The format for the workshop is shown in Figure 1 and consisted of an initial plenary session
followed by two sessions and then a final plenary session to discuss and formulate an agreed set of
requirements.
Figure : Workshop Format
The workshop commenced with an invited keynote address by Professor P.V. Coveney, who
presented examples of where visualization had been successfully used in a number of important eScience projects. This was followed by a short introduction of the National Grid Service (NGS) by
Dr S. Pickles on how interested parties could become NGS partners or affiliates.
The workshop was arranged in two parts:
Part 1: User Needs - The objective was to try and establish if there is strong support from
the user community for a national visualization service and if so, what form this should take.
Part 2: Service Provision - Assuming that there is a case for support then what form should
the service provision take.
Due to the number of people who attended this workshop it was necessary to split the attendees into
two parallel sessions, each chaired by a facilitator and supported by a scribe. This was also
necessary to reduce the potential for biasing or possible dominating effects caused by some
institutions being represented by a larger number of people than others. Networking opportunities
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were provided over lunch and afternoon tea breaks. This also allowed the session facilitators to
ensure each session was progressing as required.
Each facilitator promoted discussion by means of a brainstorming session to capture requirements
and issues. A scribe was provided to record important discussion points on colour coded post-it
notes. At appropriate times in each session the facilitator organised the post-it notes into a logical
structure.
Output from the workshop will be used to inform the JISC Committee for Supporting Research
(JCSR) of the strength of support for a national visualization resource as part of an extension to the
NGS. It is hoped that if sufficient support exists in the visualization community then JISC may
consider funding an open call to provide a visualization capability for the NGS.
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3. Emerging Factors/issues to be considered arising from the Keynote
address
Visualization on the grid – Peter Coveney
The presentation given by Peter Coveney raised a number of important issues worth noting. These
are summarised below:
•
The current e-Science infrastructure is incomplete and does not yet fully provide the end to
end capability that people will expect from a future national resource.
•
It is probably more important to use the term ‘High end computing’ rather than High
performance Computing (HPC) because scientists will want to be able to make use of any
resources that are off the desktop. HPC tends to be associated with large computing systems.
•
Visualization is indispensable in computational science and plays a major role in revealing
important information in large complicated data sets. In order to ensure simulations are free
from finite size effects, the trend will be for larger data sets which in turn will lead to more
demanding visualization challenges.
•
Real time interaction and computational steering interaction between simulations and
visualizations with distributed infrastructure is likely to be a key requirement.
•
What is the best combination of software and hardware?
•
Activity across administrative domains will become an increasingly important issue for grid
based resources. This will have an international dimension because of international
collaborations.
It is helpful to remind ourselves of the following important points, as identified in Peter Coveney’s
slides and extracted from:
Ref – ‘International Review of Research Using HPC in the UK’ - December 2005 – EPSRC
(ISBN 1-904425-54-2),
http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/CMSWeb/Downloads/Other/HPCInternationalReviewReport.pdf
Recommendations:
2. Strengthen the computational infrastructure by:
a. Systematically deploying leading-edge capability systems, large-scale capacity
computing, and resources deployed widely at universities
b. Supporting and developing a state-of-the-art applications software infrastructure
encompassing algorithms, data management and analysis, visualization, and best practices
software engineering. (p16)
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4.4.Visualization Resources
While the reviewed research groups well understand that visualization is indispensible in
computational science, the Panel observed that visualization in the UK lags behind international
standards. ..... The Panel are concerned that without an improvement in visualization sophistication
(both hardware and software) hidden scientific treasures will increasingly lurk undiscovered in the
massive data to be produced by the enchancement of HPC capability and capacity.
...... Therefore, the Panel recommends that the UK HPC community prepare immediately to
establish a balance among leading-edge computing facilities, visualization technologies, and welleducated computational scientists. (p15)
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4. Emerging Factors/issues to be considered arising from the NGS
presentation
What it means to join the NGS – Stephen Pickles
Stephen Pickles gave a useful introduction to what it means to join the National Grid Service
(NGS). The UK's National Grid Service (NGS) (http://www.ngs.ac.uk) provides a core eInfrastructure that underpins UK e-Research, providing standardised access to data management
and compute resources. The aim is to support and facilitate collaborative computing across the UK.
The NGS also provides a national "gateway" to international collaborations through collaboration
with related e-infrastructures internationally. The National Grid Service entered full production in
September 2004 at which point the Grid Operations Support Centre was created with support from
the EPSRC core e-Science programme.
The National Grid Service resources comprise the 4 founding members of the CCLRC, University
of Oxford, White Rose Grid - Leeds and University of Manchester, plus the national HPC facilities
of CSAR and HPCx and a growing number of partner and affiliate sites.
There are two distinct ways for sites to join the NGS, i.e. as an NGS partner, or as an NGS
affiliate. Both partners and affiliates run NGS compatible software, and integrate monitoring and
support arrangements with the NGS. Partners also contribute significant resources or services to
NGS users. Full details can be downloaded from http://www.ngs.ac.uk/man/documents/NGSBaseline-2.4.pdf.
Current NGS partner sites
NGS partners are sites that meet the requirements for affiliation with the NGS and in addition:
•
•
•
Define level of support commitments though a Service Level Description (SLD), as agreed
with the GOSC Board
May include in their SLD commitments to provide additional services to NGS approved
users or projects
Allow additional monitoring and accounting for verification of the services provided.
Services offered may include access to hardware resources, data archives or appropriately licensed
software in addition to that required by the NGS
The NGS currently has four partner sites:
• Bristol Grid Node
• Cardiff Grid Node
• Lancaster Grid Node
• Westminster Grid Node
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Current NGS Affiliate sites
To affiliate with the NGS an institution or resource provider must:
•
•
•
•
Deploy and support the minimum required set of NGS software to enable interoperability
with the NGS central services and other NGS sites.
Provide access to allow NGS monitoring
Agree to the NGS conditions of use and security practices.
Sites should accept certificates issued by the UK e-Science Certificate Authority and those
Certification Authorities with which the UK e-Science Programme has reciprocal
agreements. The Certificate Revocation Lists are updated on a regular basis.
Current sites conforming to the NGS Affiliate status are:
• National e-Science Centre, Edinburgh
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5. Establishing the need – Users perspective/requirements
Key Questions to be addressed during the ‘Users needs session’ include:
Is there a case for a Visualization Service to augment the NGS?
Who are the potential users?
What applications would it support?
Aims and objectives of service?
5.1. Users Needs Session #1
The results from the User Needs Session are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: User Needs – Session #1
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The main points that emerged include:
•
NGS polices would need to change to incorporate a visualization component.
•
There is a requirement to support a wide range of users
•
Users would need to be targeted toward appropriate visualization resources (not all
visualization applications need the same resource). This is especially true for the
visualisation display hardware. For example, a CAVE is not appropriate for all applications.
•
Many visualization users will require access to familiar tools on the grid.
•
This may present licensing issues because licenses are typically specific to particular
machines and in some cases particular users.
•
There are a wide range of applications involving visualization – this is likely to grow
because of the need to increase the scale of jobs. As new users (in non-scientific
communities) take up greater use of visualization resources then initial/existing resources
will become resource limiting.
•
There may be a case for a single ‘monster’ visualization resource as well as a wider network
of ‘mini monster’ visualization resources. This could save institutions from having to spend
vast sums of money on a resource that could not be fully justified by a single institution.
•
What form would a ‘monster’ visualization resource take?
•
Improved tools to support remote visualization will be required (One commercial supplier
who provides such tools may soon go out of business)
o Which service e.g. VizServer – availability question?
•
Visualization covers interactive and batch techniques.
o Interactive visualization presents a number of difficult challenges including:
Highly interactive computational steering extremely demanding – most
difficult problem
Resource scheduling to support interactivity
Improved networking to facilitate interaction
o Batch visualization could support high quality animations and render farm
visualization requirements
•
Visualization should include all modalities (visual, auditory and haptic)
•
Some users will require access to visualization on the move – lightweight visualization
clients will need developing
•
Collaborative tools should support a shared visualization environment
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o This raises interesting challenges such as scalability of collaborating environments
o How to incorporate/facilitate Access Grid style collaborations
•
Where is the data located with respect to the location of the visualization rendering?
o Data remote from visualization – data transfer issues
o Data local to visualization – local storage issue
o Where is the data computed with respect to computational resource location
o This will be a trade off decision – novice users may need help with this
5.2. Users Needs Session #2
The results from the User Needs Session #2 are shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: User Needs – Session #2
Additional comments not covered by User Needs Session #1
•
There is a strong case for training resources to aid users in using visualisation tools and
visualising their data sets.
•
Visualization is a demanding subject with a much wider diversity than general
computational resources
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•
Visualization is more multi-disciplinary than almost any other area of computing
•
Users from disciplines out side of computational science may require demonstrations or
tutorials to realize the potential of visualisation.
•
There is a chicken and egg situation – it is difficult to determine real user demand until users
have been shown the possibilities that powerful visualization resources can offer
•
There are different classes of user – their demands are likely to be different
o Power user – use every machine available
o Occasional user – investment in visualization facility may not be possible
o There may be visualization tool developers
•
Different user classes will have varying levels of expertise and require different levels of
training and support
•
There is a widespread concern that full economic cost recovery (FEC) will force institutions
to charge for use. It is unclear how this can be accommodated within the current NGS
partnership model.
•
A national visualization service might be characterised as being a "wide-area distributed
collaborative visualization service".
•
We need to have the views of more users in order to strengthen the case – the attendees of
the workshop do not represent the full user community. Need to consider visualization in
social sciences, arts and humanities – these are less well understood.
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6. Service Provision
Key Questions to be addressed during the ‘Service Provision session’ include:
Issues of Service Provision?
How to manage access to remote visualization tools and environments?
One size fits all versus support to all?
Requirement for common software stacks?
Options for providing Visualization Service
Single site versus multiple sites?
Funding Options/Mechanisms?
How to facilitate access to display hardware?
6.1. Service Provision Session #1
The results from the Service Provision Session #1 are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Service Provision Session #1
Issues:
• How to manage interactive services (for real-time activities)? It will be necessary to reserve
graphics machines for interactive elements with separate visualization machines for
rendering. This resource reservation requirement is different from typical compute services.
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•
The issue of suppliers was discussed – one of the major suppliers of high-end graphics may
not be around for very much longer. This means people will have to rely more on PC class
graphics hardware. This may not be an issue for most users because PC graphics hardware is
improving all the time. Additionally greater functionality and innovation is being stimulated
by the gaming industry. For instance, XBox live is one example of how the on-line multiplayer gaming industry is driving developments in collaborative environments, and scene
rendering.
•
Academic institutions are adopting FEC and this means that institutions will typically levy a
charge against all facilities and space. This may affect how institutions participate in the
current NGS model. It will be necessary to show a real cost benefit such as increased access
to resources and greater redundancy.
Managing Access:
• Job submission mechanisms for NGS will need changing to accommodate visualization
resource access
o For example, interactive operation (i.e. real-time interaction with remote
visualization and computing resources for computational steering) needs to be added
to NGS to deal with interactive use.
•
Visualization system configuration may be better controlled through the use of a wizard to
assist the user.
•
Policies will need to be developed to cater for the diversity of visualization tasks.
•
Co-reservation schemes will need to be developed?
One ‘size’ fits all versus support all:
• Diversity of visualization users and tasks will require different visualization resources (and
software) – one ‘size’ will not fit all
•
It will be necessary to support visualization service for batch jobs and interactive sessions
•
User support needs will vary according to their expertise (some users will be expert and
require specialised support whilst others will be novice users and require more fundamental
visualization support (VizNET can play a role here)).
•
Visualization tasks require very different visualization hardware (some tasks require
polygon or triangular mesh processing whilst others require much greater sophistication.
Provision Options:
• Whatever service is provided, it must be reliable and robust.
•
Unlike general computing resources where multiple jobs may run concurrently a
visualization machine will only be able to manage a single interactive session per pipe. This
will need careful resource management and user prioritisation.
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•
Users will need additional support to manage their visualization jobs
Hardware:
• How will institutional nodes be linked in (a common software stack may not be
appropriate)?
•
Interactive visualization will require good quality of service from the network.
•
A test-bed system can be built now and be based on current software stacks, and range of
software options for applications. This could explored to help understand/test user needs.
Miscellaneous:
• We will need to achieve the same level of capability as our international collaborators in
order to stay in the game
6.2. Service Provision Session #2
The results from the Service Provision Session #2 are shown in Figure 5. This session tried to
imagine what a National Visualization Service would look like in order to derive requirements.
Figure 5: Service Provision Session #2
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Access to remote visualization:
• ‘One stop’ sign in is needed for users to quickly adopt a remote visualisation system
•
Screen/room booking tool
1. Sharing display resources such as a CAVE or stereo display wall will require tools to
allocate time and generate billing
•
Sharing of physical resources issue:
1. Visualization machine will only be able to manage a single interactive session per
pipe
2. User prioritisation – resource owner or first come first served
•
Opportunistic resource use verses allocated resources:
1. Some users will want to use any resource to visualise data on demand
2. Other users will require allocated times for visualisation (e.g. demos)
•
Detailed requirements descriptions are needed to correctly allocate visualisation resources
•
A video service might be useful – ideally a batch service to give high quality rendering
Local versus remote visualization:
• Close coupling with NGS will be required for some tasks – Co-allocation with simulations
will be required by some users
•
Data caching or staging services may be necessary for interactive visualisations remote from
the data source.
•
Bi-directional issue for computational steering (remote visualization issue)
One ‘size’ fits all versus support all:
• There is a requirement to support a range of different visualization services (heterogeneous
visualization services).
•
There is a perceived need for different security requirements (e.g. medical data will require
much tighter security than some other scientific tasks)
o Requirement for secure authentication and authorisation to visualisation resources
o Secure data integrity (encrypted data and image streams) may also be necessary
•
Need to acknowledge different user communities
o User who has their own visualization code
o User who wants set application software to be provided
o User (this is probably a significant group) who need the NGS for some part of their
work
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Common software stacks:
• Application software will be user demand driven – wide diversity of applications.
•
Probably sensible to include some core software provision
•
Support for popular visualisation workflow builders
Single versus multiple sites:
•
One size does not fit all – a visualization service must cater for different people
•
A good idea to have a pool of resources
•
Diversity important (specialist sites)
•
Some sites could offer specialised display resources (CAVES, Domes, Reality Centres,
etc.).
•
Facilities based across multiple sites will provide a degree of redundancy and resilience.
•
Data locality – how to move large data around
•
Broker facility to support usage of different hardware facilities at different sites
•
Need to keep things simple
•
Licenses will be an endemic problem for the NGS (who pays for licenses and how do users
who own licenses execute code on a remote site?)
Funding Options:
• Funding is required urgently to establish a National Visualization Service
•
Recommendation that JISC funds the National Visualization Service through its
Infrastructure or other budget
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7. Plenary Session
The final plenary session provided an opportunity for the two sessions to meet to review the
outcomes from the workshop. In particular, the following were considered.
Harmonising viewpoints
Making the case
Recommendations & Conclusions
Is there a clear justification for a national visualisation service for the NGS?
Both sessions fully endorsed what the other session group had discussed and formulated as key
issues and recommendations in next section.
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8. Recommendations
Recommendations arising from the workshop (not in any order of priority) include:
National Visualization Service
• There was consensus support for a National Visualization Service, to run alongside the NGS
•
This should be a distributed, rather than centralized, service in which different sites would
offer different facilities and access to different visualization resources (to best meet national
needs in terms of capability and geography)
•
The level of provision will be orders of magnitude greater than can be provided by PC
desktop hardware
User Requirements
• We need to consider visualization requirements from a broad spectrum of users – for
example, users in social sciences, arts and humanities have requirements that are currently
less well understood than those from science and engineering community (and are likely to
be very different)
•
Needs span data-centric operations to highly specialized visualization intensive tasks and
support for interactive computational steering
•
Collaborative visualization working could be of major benefit to the community – especially
at an international level
•
We need to gather views of more users in order to strengthen the case for the service
Accessibility
• Barriers may exist until potential users are up to speed – VizNET has a role here in
providing training and support.
•
Reservation of visualization facilities is important – for example, for interactive
computational steering, or high-profile demonstrations
•
Software licensing is an issue that may need vendor participation to resolve.
Funding
•
JISC should consider including a National Visualization Service within their budgetary
planning for funding as soon as possible
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9. Concluding Remarks
The overall recommendation from the workshop attendees supported the view that there is a need
for a distributed National Visualization Service. A test-bed system could be built on current
software stacks, and range of software options for applications now if required. However, the exact
form such a service will take needs further definition work by considering the wider spectrum of
users. Whilst the case could be made for scientific/engineering use it would be prudent to consider
other disciplines.
It should be stressed that whilst the workshop was extremely well attended there is a need to
provide a more complete picture by including other potential visualization users. A ‘Birds of a
Feather’ (BOF) session is currently scheduled for the All Hands Meeting 2006 in September to look
at Computation Steering and Visualization. In addition an additional workshop based on the one
reported in this report is being organised (date to be confirmed in October 2006 at NeSC) and will
include people from other disciplines.
Output from this and the other workshops will be consolidated into a report that reflects the view of
the wider visualization community. This report will also address the funding implications and
service level provision.
10.
Acknowledgements
Support from Ken Brodlie, Stephen Pickles, Nick Avis, Martin Turner and Alex Hardisty in
reviewing this workshop report and for making helpful suggestions are gratefully acknowledged.
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11.
Appendix A: Attendees
Group 1:
Roy S. Kalawsky – Loughborough - (Group 1 Facilitator)
Ian Holmes – Loughborough - (Group 1 Scribe)
Chris Greenwell – Bangor
Joanna Leng - Manchester
Stephen Pickles – Manchester
Rob Haines – Manchester
Tobias Schiebeck – Manchester
Lakshmi Sastry – CCLRC
Ronald Fowler – CCLRC
Nick Avis – Cardiff
Steven Young – Oxford
Rob Aspin – Salford
James F Annett – Bristol
Peter Coveney – UCL
Shantenu Jha – UCL
Stefan Zasada – UCL
Mary-Ann Thyveetil – UCL
Marco D. Mazzeo - UCL
Group 2:
Ken Brodlie – Leeds - (Group 2 Facilitator)
John O’Brien – Loughborough - (Group 2 scribe)
Helen Wright – Hull
Paul Hatton – Birmingham
Ian Grimstead – Cardiff
Alex Hardisty – Cardiff
Srikanth Nagella – CCLRC
Martin Turner – Manchester
Alastair Knowles – Edinburgh
Colin C. Venters – Manchester
Yuwei Lin – Manchester
Mark Riding - Manchester
Robert Frank - Manchester
Jeremy Walton - NAG
Clare Gryce – UCL
James Suter – UCL
Simon Clifford – UCL
Radhika Saksena – UCL
Stefan Zasada - UCL
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