Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 3(2): 111-115, 2011
ISSN: 2042-4876
© Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011
Received: December 28, 2010
Accepted: February 07, 2011
Published: April 10, 2011
Amino Acid Profile of Some New Vartieties of Oil Seeds
Satish Ingale and S.K. Shrivastava
Department of Applied Chemistry, Government Engineering College,
Jabalpur- 482011 (M.P.), India
Abstract: There are large varieties of oil seeds and legumes in India, which are part of traditional food system
but whose nutritional and economic values have not been completely determine and are far less exploited for
both human and livestock utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate Sunflower (Helianths annuus)
LSF-11, Sunflower (Helianths annuus) LSF-8, Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) PBNS-12, Safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius) PBNS-40, and Ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) JL-24 seeds with the aim of qualifying
and quantifying chemical information that might serve as a guide to exploit its potentials and benefits for human
and animal nutrition. The amino acid profile of these oil seed were carried out using standard methods. Amino
acid analysis using technical sequential multisampling amino acid analyzer detected all essential and non
essential amino acids. The seeds are rich in four amino acids (EAA and NEAA) (g/16g N) Glutamic acid
(5.083), Aspartic acid (3.459), Proline (6.412) and Methionine (3.001)%, respectively. The other amino acids
compared well with the FAO reference protein, Serine appeared to be the most limiting amino acid percent.
Based on results of this study, the lesser known and under-utilized oil seeds, they can be a potential source and
energy supplements in livestock feed.
Key words: Amino acids, Arachis hypogaea JL-24, Carthamus tinctorius PBNS-12 and PBNS-40, Helianthus
annuus LSF-11 and LSF-8
The purpose of the present investigation was to study
the nutritional value of the Helianthus annuus, Carthamus
tinctorius and Arachis hypogaea species which represent
natural resources with potential economic for use in
human and animal nutrition.
INTRODUCTION
Oil seeds are important sources of nutrient and can
serve as high quality dietary sources to meet nutritional
requirements (Perumal et al., 2001; Escudero et al.,
2006). One of the least expensive ways of increasing
protein levels in the diets of low income families is by
encouraging the consumption of local indigenous edible
seeds especially oil seeds and legumes which have been
found to be rich in protein (Singh et al., 1993). Such
practice has great potential in ensuring adequate nutrient
and energy intake by infants and children in poor setting
where Protein, Energy, Malnutrition (PEM) has continued
to hamper optimal growth and development. The use of
local indigenous food commodities to formulate local and
home based complementary foods is being practiced in
many developing countries. Likewise, sustainable
livestock production is dependent on the availability of
various sources of nutrients that are required for the
formulation of animal feed. Principal among these are
protein and energy sources such as groundnut, sunflower,
safflower, soybean and maize. Which are also important
foodstuffs for human (Teguia and Beynen, 2005;
FAO, 2002). Thus there is competition for the limited
common foodstuff and hence the high cost which is
ultimately translated into high cost of animal protein.
With increasing global demand for livestock products,
research into locally available food with potential use as
additional sources of protein and energy is imperative.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample collection and preparation: The seeds under
investigation were procured from Oil seeds research
station, Latur (Maharashtra), Marathwada Agricultural
University, Parbhani and Mahatma Phule Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Jalgaon (Maharashtra).
Amino acids were determined by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) by the method of
Cserhati and Forgacs (1999) and Kerese (1984). Finely
ground samples were hydrolyzed by adding 4.83 g
Barium hydroxide and 5 ml of boiling water to 500 mg of
sample. The mixture was evacuated and then heated at
120ºC for 8 h. After hydrolysis, the pH was adjusted to 3
with HCl and diluted to 25 ml with HPLC grade distilled
water. One ml of sample was vacuum dried using flash
evaporator and finally dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 m;
pH2.2).
Acid hydrolysis is carried out with 6N HCl at 110ºC
to 18-22 h in evacuated and sealed tubes. The hydrolysate
was filtered and diluted to 250 mL. 1 mL of sample was
vacuum evaporated at 40ºC until dryness. The
content was dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1 M; pH2.2).
Corresponding Author: Satish Ingale, Department of Applied Chemistry, Government Engineering College, Jabalpur- 482011
(M.P.), India
111
Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol., 3(2): 111-115, 2011
at amino acid composition in the seed proteins
Helianthus
annuus LSF -11
3.002
0.539
1.012
4.899
0.898
0.934
1.103
0.476
0.888
0.254
0.700
1.490
0.379
0.824
0.381
0.572
0.212
1.586
0.330
Helianthus
annuus LSF -8
2.201
0.802
1.012
5.083
1.049
1.332
1.028
0.147
1.194
0.443
1.030
1.511
0.611
1.044
0.381
0.861
0.177
2.194
0.220
0.5
Arachis hypogaea
JL -24
3.459
0.689
ND
1.397
6.412
1.232
1.792
0.334
1.134
0.243
1.001
1.622
0.972
1.266
0.568
0.929
0.494
2.795
0.306
0.1
0
5
10
20
15
-0.1
25
30
ARG
AMM
THR
SER
0.2
ILE
LEU
TYR
PHE
HIS
LYS
0.3
GLY
ALA
CYS
VAL
MET
ASP
Volts
0.4
0
Carthamus
tinctorius PBNS-40
0.201
0.061
0.040
0.021
0.010
1.022
0.420
0.368
1.254
3.001
0.712
1.002
0.224
1.001
0.667
0.513
0.189
1.665
0.232
GLU
0.6
Carthamus
tinctorius PBNS-12
0.247
0.544
0.009
0.363
0.089
0.857
0.122
0.287
0.911
0.256
0.630
1.023
0.503
0.734
0.442
0.662
0.221
1.599
0.277
PRO
Table 1: Variation
Amino acids
(g/100g prot.)
Aspartic acid
Threonine
Serine
Glutamic acid
Proline
Glycine
Alanine
Cysteine
Valine
Methionine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Tyrosine
Phenylanine
Histidine
Lysine
Ammonia
Arginine
Tryptophan
ND: Not detected
35
Minute
Fig. 1: Helianthus annuus LSF-11
20 :L of this derivatized were injected directly into the
HPLC. Detection was accomplished using Shimadzu
HPLC detector LC-10A with variable wavelength monitor
set at 350-450 nm. Resolution of amino acid derivatives
was routinely accomplished using a binary gradient
system.
The solvent used were: (A) 58.8 g of sodium citrate
containing 0.2 N sodium (pH 3.2), 210 ml 99.5% ethanol
and 50 ml (60%) Perchloric acid and (B) 58.5 g of sodium
citrate containing 0.6N sodium (pH 10), 12.4 g Boric acid
and 30 ml 4N NaOH solution. Solvent was delivered to
the column at a flow rate of 4 ml/min for 7 to 10 min.
(Essential Amino Acid (EAA) and Non Essential Amino
Acid (NEAA) composition of the test protein). Oil seed is
a good source of essential amino acids notably Arginine,
Glycine, Leucine, Alanine and Methionine. The other
amino acids are present in moderate amounts. Serine is
the most limiting amino acid. Presently, in developing
countries, there is high interest and request of oilseeds for
utilization of animal and human feeds and for oil
extracting industries. The present work shown that
sunflower, safflower and groundnut seeds are an excellent
source of oil. With percentage oil content of 40-50%, it
compares favorably with the richest oil producing
legumes like peanut and soybeans. This value also falls
within the range of values reported for similar species
(Kyari, 2008; FAO, 1970).
From the perusal of the data it appears that in the
seed protein of Helianthus annuus LSF-8 and LSF-11, the
percentage of Glutamic acid was maximum (4.899 and
5.083 g/100 g, respectively). However other amino acids
are in increasing order were ammnia, methionine,
tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, threonine, lysine,
isoleucine, phenylanine, valine, proline, glycine, serine,
alanine, leucine, arginine, aspartic acid and which are
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Quantitative and qualitative estimation shows the
variation at amino acid composition in the seed proteins
of Helianthus annuus LSF-11 and LSF-8, Carthamus
tinctorius PBNS-12 and PBNS-40 and Arachis hypogaea
JL-24 and the results of the amino acid have been shown
in Table 1 and chromatograms are represented in Fig. 1-5.
The nutritional quality of a protein is dependent upon
many factors among which are; the effectiveness of the
test protein in meeting the amino acid requirements
112
Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol., 3(2): 111-115, 2011
GLU
0.6
0.5
ARG
AMM
LYS
ILE
LEU
TYR
PHE
HIS
VAL
MET
CYS
0.1
GLY
ALA
SER
THR
0.2
PRO
0.3
ASP
Volts
0.4
0
0
5
20
15
10
25
30
35
-0.1
Minute
ARG
Fig. 2: Helianthus annuus LSF-8
0.18
0.16
0.02
TYR
MET
PHE
HIS
LYS
LEU
ILE
VAL
ALA
CYS
GLY
0.04
PRO
0.06
GLU
THR
SER
0.08
ASP
Volts
0.12
0.1
AMM
0.14
0
-0.02
0
5
20
15
10
25
30
35
Minute
ARG
Fig. 3: Carthamus tinctorius PBNS-12
0.18
0.02
0
-0.02
0
5
10
20
15
25
AMM
LYS
TYR
MET
ALA
CYS
0.04
PRO
ASP
SER
0.06
GLU
0.08
HIS
ILE
0.1
THR
Volts
0.12
LEU
GLY
0.14
PHE
VAL
0.16
30
35
Minute
Fig. 4: Carthamus tinctorius PBNS-40
between them in decreasing order. Arginine is a factor for
maintaining the nitrogen balance in muscles; and can
enhance the lean tissue to fat tissue body fat ration; a
great factor for weight management (Amino acid, 2005).
Serine has not been reported in the seed protein of
Arachis hypogaea variety JL- 24 and was found to
contain highest amount of proline (6.412 g/100
g).However other amino acids are lying in between them
closely resembles each others. Adequate methionine
prevents disorder of hair, skin and nail; reduces liver fat
and protect the kidney (Amino acid, 2005).
Carthamus tinctorius PBNS-12 and PBNS- 40 were
found to content highest amount of arginine (1.599 g/100
g) and methionine (3.001 g/100 g), respectively. However
Serine (0.009 and 0.040 g/100 g, respectively) is the most
limiting amino acid and other amino acids are lying in
113
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Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol., 3(2): 111-115, 2011
0.7
0.6
LYS
AMM
ILE
LEU
TYR
PHE
HIS
0.1
CYS
VAL
MET
THR
SER
0.2
GLY
ALA
0.3
GLU
Volts
0.4
ARG
ASP
0.5
0
0
5
10
20
15
25
30
35
-0.1
Minute
Fig. 5: Arachis hypogaea JL-24
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Our thanks to Dr. S.D. Kulkarni, Project Director
Soybean Processing and Utilization Centre, Central
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