Industrial Inter-Dependency for
Sustainable Growth
Hasith Karunasekera & Dr. Shamil Appathurai
Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka
ICT Growth proportional to Data
Growth/Internet penetration
Between 2010 and 2011
Almost all countries increased their IDI
values but..
… developed countries have twice the
IDI value of the developing ones
Source: ITU
ICT Growth and Data Consumption
Global numbers of individuals using the Internet,
total and per 100 inhabitants
3,000
80
70
60
1,500
50
40
1,000
30
20
500
Per 100 inhabitants
2,000
Individuals using the Internet
per 100 inhabitants
90
millions
2,500
Individuals using the Internet
(in millions)
100
10
0
2013*
2012*
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
0
Source: ITU World Telecommunication /ICT Indicators database
Global Data consumption is growing exponentially:
- Is this trend different in Sri Lanka?
Sri Lanka’s Data demand
Thousands
Internet Subscriptions - Sri Lanka
1,000
900
800
Fixed
Mobile
2006
2007
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2005
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Source: TRCSL
Similar trend for demand in Data BUT….
Significant contribution from Mobile Broadband
Energy Consumption – Access
Technologies
Source: IEEE Communications Magazine • June 2011
Sri Lanka – Energy Balance
Units: Peta Joules
Energy Balance, 2011
Source: Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Sri Lanka’s power consumption based
on ICT (Telco) Infrastructure
UMTS network Access Rate per user ~ 1 Mbps
UMTS power per user ~ 4W
Mobile Data Subscriber ~ 1 Million
Power consumption of Mobile Data users ~ 4 MW
ADSL network Access Rate per user ~ 4 Mbps
DSL power per user ~ 8W
Fixed line Data subscribers ~ 500k
Power consumption of Mobile users ~ 4 MW
Estimated Energy Requirement for Data
consumption in Sri Lanka (2013) ~ 8 MW
Sri Lanka Electricity – Demand
Growth in System Peak Demand
Source: Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
 Catering for the peak demand is costly
 Energy is wasted in non peak hours
Sri Lanka ICT Consumption - Demand
Data Consumption Peak Demand
Source: Mobitel Data
 Catering for the peak demand is costly
 Capacity is wasted in non peak hours
Infrastructure solutions for Optimal
Energy Utilisation
Spectrum Re-arrangement for
maximum coverage with minimal basestation sites
Avoid network duplication through RAN
Sharing among operators
Provide energy to grid when power
generated during off-peak through NetMetering
Solutions for Peak Demand Catering
Storage & Re-use
Pumped Storage Hydro
Electricity
Battery
Cache
Smart Grid – Time Shift
Sri Lanka Electricity - Supply
Grid Installed Capacity by Type
Capacities from Major
hydro power plants
have become constant
The increasing
demand will be
supplied in the future
through thermal
power plants
NRE sources have also
entered the play.
Source: Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Source: Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Sustainable Business = Sustainable Energy Costs
Typical Operating Expenses
30
16
Price per unit - GP-1 with Fuel Adjustment (LKR)
25
14
Crude Oil Price per barrel (LKR)
12
20
10
15
8
6
10
4
5
2
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
0
2003
0
2002
Rs.
Oil price vs. GP 1 unit price
Rs. ‘000
Electricity prices & Fuel Prices
Electricity prices have high correlation with world crude oil
prices

Higher proportion of thermal energy being powered through crude oil
In Sri Lanka future electricity prices will be more correlated
with coal prices

Noracholai, Sampur
Thermal Energy (SL) – Now &
Future
Power Plants in the National Grid
Capacity in 2011 (MW)
843.5
300
1400
168
843.5
165
Power Plants in the National
Grid Capacity in Future (MW)
165
215
215
Steam, Coal
Diesel Engines
Gas Turbines, Diesel Oil
Combined Cycle, Naphtha and Diesel
IPP (Independent Power Producer)
168
Steam, Coal
Diesel Engines
Gas Turbines, Diesel Oil
Combined Cycle, Naphtha and Diesel
IPP (Independent Power Producer)
Higher portion of thermal
power primarily through fuel
oil.
Sri Lanka identified coal as a
low cost energy source
Eg:
Norocholai
Sampur (500MW)
(900MW),
Risk of increase in pollution
Annie Hazlehurst
Joint MBA / MS Environment & Resources
Candidate
Stanford Graduate School of Business
New Renewable Energy – Sri Lanka
Sources of NRE


Tidal Energy
Solar Energy


Geothermal Energy
Wind Power
Telco Challenges - for Wind and Solar
Constraints on deployment of wind or solar system
Site Location – in the solar and wind map
Tower height
Site Area – considerable area required for solar
Hybrid solutions – to provide 24 hour continuous
power supply
Solar with Generator
Wind with Generator
Solar and Wind with Generator
Re-use existing Infrastructure
Eg: battery bank
Note: Wind is more efficient than solar
cells but much more scarce based on the
location of the site.
Power Cost Variance in Sri Lanka
3
Per Site Cost - Grid vs. Off-grid
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Grid Power
Generator Power
Electricity
Powered
• Directly impacted by Ceylon
Electricity Board’s Strategy
Generator
(Diesel)
Powered
• Requirement for alternative
renewable energy sources
Cost-Benefit Analysis - Solar
6
Payback Period
Years
5
4
3
2
1
Payback for US Supplier
Payback for China Supplier
8
14
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
Solar System (kW)
Solar System
(kW)
Area Required
(m2)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
24
33
39
49
56
62
66
Conclusion
Data consumption will increase energy
consumption
ICT solutions and Infrastructure design
can be optimised through active
collaboration
Renewable Energy is cost-beneficial and
MUST supplement grid power
Thank you !
Don’t commute; Communicate!
Dr. Arthur C. Clarke
Think Smart, Use Less and Use Better