International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) Energy Efficiency in Infrastructure Development for Sustainable Development A. M. Yamsanwar Civil Engineering Department, R.C.E.R.T. Chandrapur yamsanwarachal@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT The need for infrastructure development for the society is increasing day by day. This is reducing the available natural resources and disturbing the ecological and biological global balance. The change has created a great challenge to the designers, engineers and policy makers to carry out the development work keeping in mind the ecological and biological balance. As such the concept of “Sustainable Development” is thought of. A Sustainable Development is defined as “Development that meets the need of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their demands”. A design engineer should be aware of ecological engineering technologies and he should be capable of blending design process with upcoming global challenges. All the infrastructure development should be treated with inclusion of global environmental issues, planning perspective and inclusion of different policies and thoughts. For this it is necessary that designer and engineer work in co-ordination with each other. The designer is expected to incorporate system thinking, material requirements, availability and its impact on environment performance. Whereas the engineer is expected to use their expertise in the design process as an integral part of holistic design process. THE PROCESS AND SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN In a sustainable infrastructure development, it is necessary that we should think of i) Bringing awareness of sustainable design in the engineering and technology and ii) To develop an approach which incorporates the new global challenges? The designer should be concerned about all environmental impacts such as Ageing of structures, failure of eco system, draughts, pollution, rising sea level etc. and he should consider all these factors in his design. The goal of the designer should be clear. His primary objective should be to try to bring back the ecological balance and at the same time he should keep in mind the requirements of human being such as healthy food, water, shelter and energy. The main challenge in the design is to blend the infrastructure requirements with green infrastructure; the job of designer is to fulfill human requirements working hand in hand with nature, and not to solve our problems at the cost of nature. The green design is globally accepted and has become more common by way of government policies, green building codes and action plans to protect the climate. Now it is required to apply solutions globally, considering the policies. It should be kept in mind that all renovations, new master plans can be executed with more sustainability considerations. CREATING NEW METHODOLOGIES Engineers are considered as concerned only with building infrastructure. However now he has become an essential part of design team. His contribution in the project now has increased beyond and now he has to look on to the policies that help to design project design concept at the outset. The strategic team which design the strategies for the project should work for deeper sustainable efforts and higher quality work at the beginning itself. When the team decides the strategies, they can effectively shape the factors affecting the basic strategies such as, Increase water saving Decrease in material usage and use of waste materials Minimum use of energy etc. The environmental and energy performance of our buildings or build environment is of increasing concern in the design process and hence it is necessary that engineers offer their expertise in the initial stages. Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) DESIGN TEAM In the project different professionals contribute their expertise and skill at different times. For successful process it is necessary to integrate the action of all team members. The design team members co=ordinate with each other for the successful project execution. The different teams and their work can be related as below, i) Sustainable Consultants This is the team which works from the office. It decides the priorities of the project and helps the team to draft the goals of the project. This team works with the engineers to work for reduction in water demand, reduction in energy and resource materials. It integrates green space and reduces carbon foot print. ii) Ecologist The ecologist will work with site engineers and design team members for determining areas of constraints and development opportunities. He will conduct basic ecosystem survey and establish development priorities that are helpful to promote ecological benefits and will decrease the environmental impact. iii) Planner and Architect He will design prepare the master plan of the proposed infrastructure. He should work with the engineers to design the site and will decide about the placement, sizing, and integration of the different parts of the infrastructure. He should study overall plan to ensure to requirements of the project such as energy saving, water reuse and sustainable waste practices. iv) Landscape Architect The landscape architect should ensure the site aesthetics are improved by giving due consideration to vegetation management, storm water facility placement. He should assist engineers to minimize damage to soil, trees and native plants during construction. He should plan for appropriate plantation and landscaping and coordinate landscaping management of green infrastructure on site v) Geotechnical Engineers He will carry out underground survey for soil characteristics and recommend data for planning of roads, buildings and site infrastructure. He will determine soil types that will support infiltration and various types of landscaping. vi) Mechanical, Electrical and other consultants They will design electrical system including heating, cooling, ventilation and air conditioning. They will work with others to minimize infrastructure including piping, trenching and mining vii) Hydrologists They will work to determine local water table and quality of water. They will decide about the potential stream for storm water runoff and will develop watershed master plan. They will also study the balance water model and review strategies to collect its water and reuse it. They will also help engineers to develop water treatment and delivery arrangements that will minimize the piping works. SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE SYSTEM WATER CONSERVATION In urban water use the complexity of water movement and use through urbanization presents the designer with particular challenges when contamination or resource shortage comes in to question. In the natural world water moves in continued cycles, constantly changing its form and mixing with surroundings. As a designer we need to consider the whole water cycle in order to build sustainable system that restores the natural balance of water by reducing the negative impact our current use. The basic principle of ecology is that, in nature nothing is a waste it is simply transformed in to another form in the eco system and we should find ways to use it. In order to live sustainably we need to transform waste material in to useful materials or energy without creating a more polluting atmosphere. Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) STORM WATER MANAGENENT The storm water should be looked up as a vulnerable resource instead of waste product. The successful implementation of storm water management can decrease peak run off rate and total run off volume. It can reduce pollution and other negative effects of over development. It can enhance the natural cycle and overall environment of the communities. ENERGY AND GREEN HOUSE GASES A successful energy strategy should be planned. Some of the points in energy planning are, Reduce energy demand through design Use energy efficiently Select sustainable power supplies Take care of climate change and reduce carbon foot print To be successful, each infrastructure development should be designed considering the surrounding atmospheric conditions and considering the use of local energy resources. The project should be planned for minimum central power generation. It should be kept in mind that everyone involved in the project can make significant contribution to the success. We can also think of passive energy saving system. Some of the active design strategies are listed below, Energy efficient lighting Energy efficient appliances Geo thermal insulation Interior air exchange Chilled ceiling/chilled beam system Some of the natural sources of energy are, Solar Power a)Solar thermal b) Photo voltaic Wind Power Geo Thermal System Bio mass Water power CARBON FOOTPRINT Even after applying all the measures as discussed above it is necessary to calculate the project carbon footprint as per the given standard methods and make an effort to reduce the carbon footprint. Policy Measures Energy policies may be implemented as formed by the government, regional organizations etc. The purpose of this is to set up rules, incentives or penalties to develop proper energy practice. CONCLUSION The movement of “Green Building” was originally considered only for the design of buildings. However it is now extended to Green Site, green streets, green cities and green infrastructures. Most of the countries now have realized the importance, and adopting this strategy for development. A total approach and good teamwork can bring wonderful results. Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com ISSN 2319 - 4847 Special Issue for National Conference On Recent Advances in Technology and Management for Integrated Growth 2013 (RATMIG 2013) REFERENCES [1] Kumar R.,Kaushik S.C., “Performance evaluation of green roof and shading for thermal protection of buildings”. Building Environment. 40, 2008. [2] Lee W. L., Chen Hua,” Benchmarking Hongkong and China energy codes for sustainable buildings”, Energy and Buildings, 30,2008 [3] Ortiz, O., Castells, R., Sonnerman, G.,” Sustainability in the construction industry, A review of rececent developments based on LCA”, Construction and Building materials 23,2009. [4] Shukla, A., Tiwari, G.N., Sodha,M.S.,”Embodied Energy Analysis of Adobe House”, Renewable Energy,34,2009, Organized By: GNI Nagpur, India