DECEMBEI 1932
STATION BULLETIN 308
Wheat Varieties
for the
Columbia River Basin
of Oregon
Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon State Agricultural College
CORVALLIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Summary
4
Introduction
5
Soil and Climatic Data
7
Experimental Methods
8
8
Winter Wheat
8
Results at Moro
8
Field Plots
12
Nursery Plots
14
Results at Pendleton
14
Field Plots
16
Nursery Plots
17
Results at Lexington
18
Results at Eightmile
19
Results at Condon
20
Results at Kent
21
Results at Maupin
21
Results at Culver
Average Yields at Moro, Lexington. and Culver, Where Turkey
22
Wheats Predominate
Average Yields at Kent, Condon, and Eightniile, Where Fortyfold
23
Wheat Predominates
24
Summary of Winter-Wheat Yields at All Nurseries
26
Discussion of Results
26
The Hard Red Winter Wheats
28
White Wheats
29
Smut-Resistant Varieties
29
New Hybrid Wiieats
Spring Wheat
Results at Moro
Field Plots
Nursery Plots
Results at Pendleton
Field Plots
Nursery Plots
Results 'vVith Spring VTheat at Outlying Nurseries
31
31
31
31
35
35
35
35
SUMMARY
About three-quarters of a million acres of wheat are grown annually
in the Columbia River Basin counties of Oregon. Elevation, precipitation,
and soil types vary widely in these counties. Several different types and
varieties of wheat are grown from both fall and spring seeding.
Data are presented in this Bulletin on the yields of winter and spring
wheat varieties in field-plot trials at the branch stations at Moro and Pendleton. In addition, results are given of nursery trials at Moro, Pendleton,
Eightmile, Lexington, Kent, Maupin, and Culver, for yield and weight per
bushel of a number of winter and spring wheat varieties.
There was a fair agreement in the rank of the wheat varieties at the
various nurseries. Several new hybrid wheats were high yielders at all
locations. In several instances, however, certain varieties were high yielders in some localities and low in others. This emphasizes the necessity of
careful trials to determine the best wheat for each representative wheatgrowing area of the Columbia River Basin.
Hybrid 128 and Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, produced the highest average
yields of the winter-wheat varieties that have been in plot trials for a long
period of years at IVIoro. Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold, C. I. No. 10066, and
North Powder, a selection from Turkey, averaged highest in yield during
recent years. Federation, Hard Federation, Onas, and White Federation
were the highest-yielding spring wheats in field-plot trials.
In the nursery trials at Moro, White Odessa and Federation yielded
highest over a long period of years from fall seeding. Selections from the
crosses Fortyfold x Federation and Arcadian x Hard Federation averaged
highest in yield since 1926. Federation, Currawa, Onas, and White Federation were the highest-yielding spring wheats in the nursery trials.
Federation averaged highest in the winter-wheat field-plot trials at
Pendleton, followed by Fortyfold x Federation, C. I. No. 8247, which
yielded highest in the nursery trials. Because of high yield and smut resistance, two other newer hybrid selections, Hard Federation x Martin
and White Odessa x Hard Federation, are promising wheats at Pendleton.
Onas and Federation yielded highest in the spring-wheat nursery and plot
trials. Federation is now the leading wheat variety in Eastern Oregon.
Selections from the crosses Fortyfold x Federation, Fortyfold x Hard
Federation and Arcadian x Hard Federation produced the highest yields
in all winter-wheat nurseries during the last four years exce'pt at Culver,
where they were slightly outyielded by Blackhull. These early-maturing,
high-yielding wheats should replace other varieties in the Columbia River
Basin when they are further improved for hardiness and smut resistance.
The Turkey-type wheats tested iigher in weight per bushel than the
hybrid selections. This is of real importance when wheat is low in price.
Two highly smut-resistant, pure-line selections from Turkey wheats, Oro
and Rio, have been distributed to farmers, and will likely replace other
hard-red winter wheats in the areas where these wheats are now grown.
Fortyfold was a low yielding variety in most nurseries. It yielded relatively better at Eightmile and Condon than at other localities. At these
two locations Fortyfold was outyielded by several new hybrid wheats and
by Hybrid 128.
Onas, Federation, White Federation, and Hard Federation produced
the highest yields as spring wheats. One of these varieties was highest
in yield in all spring-wheat nurseries as well as in the field-plot trials at
Moro and Pendleton.
Wheat Varieties for the
Columbia River Basin of Oregon*
By
D. E. STEI'HSNS. R. B. Wrns, and J. F. MARTIN
INTRODUCTIONTHE farmers in the highly specialized wheat-growing counties of
IFEastern Oregon are to produce wheat at a profit, either the present
scale of prices must materially advance or se'veral improvements must
be made which will reduce production costs. Several factors enter into
the cost of raising a bushel of wheat. The most important of these is
yield per acre. High acre yields and low production costs are more important to the grower when prices are low than when prices are high.
Fear is sometimes expressed that improvement in the yield of wheat
varieties will result in increased production. Some people believe that a
decrease in production is desirable. If so, the sensible way to bring this
about is to reduce the acreage planted to wheat and put this land to other
uses. Marginal or low-producing land, especially, should be taken out of
wheat production and utilized for pasture or other purposes.
Wheat raising is a highly competitive business. The farmer who is
most efficient in obtaining higher yields without additional expense, cheap-
ening production costs without sacrificing yield or obtaining a higher
price because of raising better-quality wheat, will be the one who will
most likely make a profit and be able to remain in business. Smut, low
test-weight, winter killing, mixtures, or other factors that contribute to
low yield or price discounts, are of special importance in times of low
prices.
In the Eastern Oregon counties of Wasco, Sherman, Jefferson, Gilham, Morrow, and Umatilla, approximately three-quarters of a million
acres of wheat are planted each year. The addition of one cent per bushel
to the price of wheat through improved quality or smut resistance would
add from $l2i3O00 to $150,000 annually to the income of wheat growers
in these counties.
The aim of the wheat improvement program at the branch stations
has been to introduce or develop high-yielding, disease-resistant wheats
of high quality. Hundreds of varieties from world-wide sources have been
* The varietal experiments reported in this Bulletin were conducted cooperatively by
the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases of the Bureau of Plant Industry of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, and the Oregon Agrioultural Experiment Station. In 1924
to 1926 inclusive, Mr. B. B. Bayles, Associate Agronomist, was in charge of the cereal
nurseries. Mr. G. A. Mitchell was in charge of the outlying nurseries in 1927 and 1929.
Mr. Mitchell and Mr. M. M. Ove.son also have assisted in the field-plot varietal testing
work.
Credit is due the following County Agents for assisting in the cereal-testing nurseries:
Fred Bennion. formerly County Agent in Umatilla county; C. W. Daigh, formerly
County Agent in Wasco county; Roger Morse, formerly County Agent in Morrow county;
W, A. Holt, Pendleton; C. W. Smith, Heppoer; W. W. Lawrence, The Dalles; and
W. . Tucker, Prineviile. Land for the nurseries was furnished by the following farmers:
Elmer McCormach, Pendleton; 0. W. Cutsfortb, Lexington; Lawrence Bedding, R. E.
Driscoll, and Joseph Batty, Eightmile; Perry N. Johnston, Condon; Wilbur Haggerty
and Patjen.s & Andrews, Kent; Geo. Rodman, Culver; John MeCorkle, Maupin; and the
late F. B. Ingels, Dufur.
[51
6
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
tested in an effort to find superior varieties. Observations were recorded
on plant and kernel characters such as date of maturity, susceptibility to
shattering and lodging, plant height, texture of grain, and weight per
bushel. Considerable work also has been done in the development of
higher yielding, hardier, and more smut-resistant varieties by both the
pure-line and hybridization methods of breeding.
Several years of careful testing are required to determine the merits
of a new variety, as marked or rapid improvement is seldom accomplished
in a long-established crop.like wheat. A trial of two or three years will
not suffice unless the variety is exceptional, for a particular wheat may
yield high in one season and low the next. Varieties also may have to be
grown for several seasons to get reliable data on winter hardiness, smut
resistance, lodging, and quality. To determine accurately the relative values of wheat varieties requires more painstaking work and careful observation than the production of new varieties. Five to eight year3 of selection
may be necessary to fix the type of a hybrid wheat so that it will breed
true, but additional years of careful and accurate experiments are required
to determine its actual worth.
This publication summarizes some features of the wheat-improvement
work at Moro and makes certain information available about wheat varieties that may be of value to growers.
The first wheat varietal trials in the Columbia River Basin of Oregon
were begun at Moro in 1911. As the work developed and new wheat
varieties were distributed to farmers, it became necessary to obtain definite and accurate information on varietal adaptation in the Columbia River
Basin where climatic and soil conditions vary to a considerable extent
within comparatively small areas. Wheat varieties do not always react
in the same manner when grown in localities differing in elevation, precipitation, soil type, soil depth, temperature, or snow covering.
Several outlying nurseries were established in various parts of Eastern
Oregon to determine (1) the varieties best adapted for each locality and
(2) the correlation between yields at Moro and other points. These cerealtesting nurseries were located in different representative wheat-growing
areas in each county. The nursery instead of the field-plot method was
used in the outlying locations because of limited space, ability to test
more varieties, and economy in handling smaller units.
The comparative yields obtained in the cereal-testing nurseries are
not by any means to be considered as final. They are an aid in recognizing
superior varieties, however, and suggest what new ones, if any, should
be placed in field trials. Nursery. field-plot, and farm trials are usually
needed before a new wheat variety may be safely recommended for commercial growing.
The first outlying nursery was established in 1923 in Tjmatilla county
near Pendleton, where Hybrid 128 and Jenkin were the leading winterwheat varieties. In 1924, nurseries were established in Wasco, Morrow,
and Sherman counties. The nursery in Wasco county was begun near
Dufur, but later located on Juniper Flat near Maupin, where Hybrid 128,
Hybrid 63, and Turkey are grown. Two nurseries were grown in Morrow
countyone near Lexington, where Turkey wheat predominates, and the
other in the Eightmile section, where considerable Fortyfold is grown.
The outlying nursery in Sherman county was located in the southern part
of the county near Kent, where Fortyfold is a popular variety. In 1925,
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COL,UMBIA RIVER BASIN
7
a nursery was begun in Gilliam county near Condon, where both Fortyfold and Turkey are grown. The same year a spring-wheat nursery was
established on irrigated land in Crook county, near Prineville. In 1928,
a nursery was added in Jefferson county near Culver, where Turkey and
Galgalos are the leading varieties.
Spring-wheat varieties were not grown in the outlying nurseries after
1929, except at Prineville. Each nursery is designated by the name of
the town near its locationnamely, Moro, Kent, Maupin, Condon, Culver,
Prineville, Eightmile, Lexington, and Pendleton. The locations of the
nurseries are shown in Figure 1.
Figure
1.
Map showing location of nursery and plot varietal trials.
SOIL AND CLIMATIC DATA
At Moro, where most of the varietal testing work was conducted, the
elevation is about 1,900 feet. The soil is a silt loam varying in depth
from 3 to 7 feet to the basalt with which it is underlain. The average
annual precipitation is 11.25 inches. The lowest precipitation for the crop
years 1920 to 1931, inclusive, was 7.72 inches in 1924. The highest was
14.22 inches in 1928. In five of the eleven years, the annual precipitation
was less than 10 inches. The seasonal precipitation (March to July inclusive) during this eleven-year period varied from .92 inch in 1924 to
4.45 inches in 1931.
The elevation of the Pendleton Field Station is approximately 1,400
feet. The average annual precipitation at the Station for the three years,
1929 to 1931 inclusive, was 14.16 inches. The soil is a silt loam six feet
or more in depth.
8
AGRICULTURAL. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
The elevation, soil type and avertge annual precipitation at the locations of the outlying cereal-testing nurseries are shown in Table I.
TABLE I. ELEVATION, SOIL TYPE, AND ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT
OUTLYING CEREAL-TESTING NURSERIES
Location
Lexington
Eightmile
Condon
Kent
Culver
Maupin
Elevatiop
Feet
Soil type
1700
Sandy loam
Clay loam
Silt loam
Silt toam
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
3000
2800
2700
2300
2400
Soil depth
Feet
6
4 to 6
2 to 6
2 to 4
2 to 4
2 to 4
Approximate
average annual
precipitation
Inchee
10.5
12.5
11.5
10.2
8.0
10.0
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
In the varietal experiments at Moro new or untried varieties are
first grown in the nursery and compared with standard varieties. After
a trial of four or five years the most promising varieties are placed in
field-plot trials. Plots 2 by 8 or 1 by 8 rods in dimensions, separated b'
4'/2-fOOt alleys, were first used, but in later years long narrow plots (6 by
360 feet) with 12-inch alleys were substituted. These plots are sown with
an ordinary grain drill, cut with a binder, and threshed with a stationary
machine. The yield of a variety is computed from the average of several
plots.
Varieties that produced the highest yields in the nursery at Moro
were seeded in outlying nurseries. Three plots, or a total of nine rows
of each variety, were grown each year, the plots consisting of three adjacent 16-foot rows spaced one foot apart. Only the center rows were harvested. A standard variety was placed after every ninth variety throughout the nursery to check on the variability of the soil.
The nurseries were seeded with a garden drill and harvested with a
hand sickle. The crop from each row was tied in a bundle when harvested,
and the heads were wrapped in paper to prevent shattering during trans-
portation to Moro, where all threshing was done. The yield of each
variety was computed from the average of that variety in the three series.
The land for the outlying nursery trials was donated by interested farmers. In several counties the County Agent assisted in planting, harvesting,
and caring for the nurseries.
In every instance the crop was preceded by fallow unless otherwise
stated.
WINTER WHEAT
RESULTS AT MORO
Field plots. Yields are recorded in Table II for the winter-wheat
varieties grown in replicated one-twentieth-acre plots for the years 1924
to 1931, inclusive. Only the varieties that are being continued in the trial
are listed in the table. Many other varieties have been tested and discarded because of low yield, poor quality, or some undesirable plant
character. Hybrid 128 produced 26.1 bushels per acre, the highest average
yield for any variety grown for the full period. Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, also
was a high-yielding wheat for the eight-year period. Of the newer hybrids
TABLE II. ANNUAL AND AVERAGE YIELDS IN BUSHELS PER ACRE OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN FIELD PLOTS AT
MORO, OREGON, 1924-1981 INCLUSIVE
-
1571
8249
4429
5146
4512
4655
6703
8244
4734
10061
8220
10066
8246
8247
11426
10062
10063
10064
11425
11424
11428
10065
11422
Turkey
Kharkof
Local Turkey
Kanred
Hybrid 128
White Odessa
Ridit
P1068 x Preston
Federation
Ri
Oro
1924
Kanred x Marquis
White Odessa x Hard Federataion
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
* Yield of Kharkof substituted.
1928
1925
1926
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
20.2
20.3
17.0
17.2
21.6
18.5
19.0
17.2
28.0
27.7
27.0
29.0
27.5
80.5
28.8
23.5
30.7
39.1
37.9
36.6
37.2
42.5
44.8
33.7
36.2
42.7
40.7
39.5
38.8
37.6
38.3
40.7
08.6
40.3
38.4
17.7
35.8
Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
Arco
Fortyfold x Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold selection 29
Golden
Fortyfold selection 54
Turkey
Turkey
Yield in
Acre yield
C. I. Number and Variet
I
27.4
27.4
28.0
29.7
28.0
25.5
27.7
00.0
25.3
33.4
28.9
27.6
.-
[9]
I
1927
I
88.1
34.6
38.0
31.9
41.5
37.9
42.4
40.2
39.5
40.5
36.4
39.2
37.0
I
1929
1980
1931
Ave.
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
16.9
14.4
14.0
14.9
16.5
14.5
13.9
15.8
12.1
15.7
14.4
16.1
13.4
15.8
12.4
12.1
11.6
14.4
16.2
16.3
16.6
14.6
18.3
14.8
16.3*
16.6
9.2
16.4
16.4
18.2
9.4
10.3
11.3
15.4
17.5
14.6
18.2
16.4
16.2
13.0
10.9
14.1
15.1
14.1
25.1
24.9
24.2
24.3
26.1
24.4
22.6
24.8
24.2
24.8
24.9
26.4
23.4
20.5
20.5
19.8
20.7
19.2
17.3
15.0
15.9
15.1
14.3
I
14.9
11.4
7.4
14.5
16.3
16.4
13.7
13.4
16.4
16.4
16.3
17.6
15.8
14.3
10.6
16.4
13.6
15.5
17.1
17.7
of Rharkof
%
101
100
97
98
105
98
91
100
97
100
98
106
94
96
96
93
97
90
110
96
101
96
91
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
10
and selections, Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold, and Turkey, C. I. No. 11425, pro-
duced the highest average yields in the plot trials. The former variety
averaged 6 percent higher than Kharkof for a five-year period and the
latter was 10 percent higher for the last two years.
Table III contains an alphabetical list of the winter-wheat varieties
grown at Moro in field plots for three or more years during the period
1912 to 1931 with the average yield of each variety expressed in the percentage yield of I.ocal Turkey for an identical period.
TABLE III. WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN FIELD PLOTS AT MORO,
OREGON, FOR THREE OR MORE YEARS WITH THE YIELD EXPRESSED
IN PERCENTAGE OF YIELD OF LOCAL TURKEY
C.
I. Number and Variety
Period
Grown
Average
acre yield*
Yield in
percentage of
Local Turkey
Buoh1s
Alberta Red
Albit
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Argentine
Arco
1355 Armavir
2979
8275
11426
1569
8246
2239 Beloglina
6231 Blackhull
4155 Dale Gloria
4734 Federation
4156 Fortyfold
10062 Fortyfold selection 29
10064 Fortyfold selection 29
8247 Fos-tyfold x Federation
1998A4-3 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
6681 Fortyfold x Little Club
1439 Ghirka
10063 Golden
4843 Hussar
4511 Hybrid 123
4512 Hybrid 128
10066 Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
4468 Jones Winter Fife
5146 Kanred
8245 Kanred x Marquis
8249 Kharkof
8220 Oro
8244 P1068 x Preston
4068 Prohibition
1915 Purple Straw
7364 Regal
6703 Ridit
10061 Rio
4430 Sherman
5544 Super
1561 Theiss
1539 Torgova
5408 Triplet
1558 Turkey
1571 Turkey
7365 Turkey
1756 Turkey
6250 Turkey (Nebraska No. 0)
2998 Turkey
2998-1 Turkey
4429
1432
1437
7366
1563
4655
Turkey (Local)
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey x Florence G326W1
Weissenberg
1914-1926
1827-1929
1926-1931
1914-1925
1927-1931
1914-1918
1912-1919
1920-1923
1914-1916
1024-1931
1914-1927
1928-1931
1928-1931
1928-1931
1924-1926
1919-1922
1914-1918
1928-1931
1922-1825
1915-1926
1918-1931
1927-1931
1919-1921
1517-1931
1924-1928
1914-1931
1926-1931
1924-1931
1912 1914-1917
1912-1915
1923-1928
1923-1931
1924-1981
1922-1925
1919-1921
1912 :1914-1919
1912-1915
1917 1926-1931
1912-1923
1914-1931
1921-1925
1912 1914-1919
1920-1925
1914-1920
1912-1915
1914-1931
1912-1914
1912 1914-1919
1922-1925
1924-1928
1912-1915
1922-1931
30.2
29.3
20.5
20.2
23.4
28.0
28.3
29.3
27.1
24.2
25.1
19.8
19.2
20.5
25.6
33.0
25.6
20.7
21.3
30.2
29.8
26.4
27.4
26.9
29.8
28.5
24.9
24.8
27.4
18.1
30.8
24.3
24.8
25.7
29.6
28.9
18.2
29.2
30.8
29.2
28.2
29.2
28.4
81.5
19.0
27.8
17.8
29.3
24.0
27.6
20.6
25.4
White Odessa
Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
103
99
98
103
98
97
101
103
86
100
84
95
92
08
104
95
92
99
93
106
109
110
74
99
100
102
100
103
104
99
100
92
.102
107
80
104
99
107
100
105
106
104
99
103
100
100
102
105
100
93
108
103
11
WHEAT VARIETIES TOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
Table J\T shows the annual and average yields offive Turkey wheats
and Hybrid 128 for the eighteen-year period, 1914 to 1931, inclusive. Kan-
red, one of the Turkey wheats, was first grown in 1917. Hybrid 128 was
not grown until 1918. In this table the average yield of each variety is
shown by three-year periods.
TABLE IV. ANNUAL AND AVERAGE ACRE-YIELDS IN BUSHELS, OF SIX
WINThR-WHEAT VARIETIEB GROWN AT MORO, OREGON, FOR
VARYING NUMBERS OF YEARS AND WITH THE AVERAGE
YIELD OF EACH VARIETY SHOWN BY
THREE-YEAR PERIODS
Years
1914
1915
1916
Average
1917
1913
1919
Average
1920
1921
1922
Average
1923
1924
1925
1926
Average
1927
1928
Average
Turkey
Local
Turkey
Kanred
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
24.0
21.3
52.3
32.5
24.3
26.2
40.0
30.2
33.2
40.1
22.5
21.3
50.8
31.3
22.3
27.3
36.6
Riot
Eharkof
Bushels
Bushels
29.0
26.5
53.4
36.3
23.6
25.4
41.8
30.2
32.5
40.3
17.8
30.2
35.4
20.2
28.0
27.7
27.9
39.1
38.3
35Ø
26.1
25.0
53.6
34.9
25.3
25.1
37.5
29.8
32.2
40.6
16.8
29.9
33.6
17.0
29.5
28.9
26.6
40.7
41.5
37.0
18.7
16.4
13.7
15.3
1571
1929
1930
1931
16.9
16.2
Average
15.'?
14.1
I
I
I
I
28.'?
20.3
27.4
27.0
27.7
87.9
40.7
35.2
14.4
16.8
15.1
15.3
33.5
89.9
18.4
30.6
35.0
17.0
27.4
29.0
26.5
36.6
88.6
34.7
14.0
16.6
14.1
14.9
27.0
27.4
17.1
30.1
55.3
i
20.8
24.1
38.4
27.8
32.7
40.0
16.9
29.9
35.9
17.2
28.0
Hybrid
128
Bushels
26.5
40.6
33.6t
36.8
48.0
21.2
33.'?
27.0
87.2
40.3
35.0
14.9
14.6
14.9
14.8
40.5
21.6
29.7
30.5
30.6
42.5
38.4
37.1
16.5
18.3
11.4
18.4
27.3
29.8
'27.5
19 18-1035
Average
28.1
27.8
* Argentine was grown from 1914 to 1923, inclusive, and Rio, a selection from
Argentine, from 1924 to 1931, inclusive.
t A two-year average.
Because of its exceptionally high yield in 1914, the average yield of
Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, in the first three-year period was considerably
higher than that of the other Turkey wheats. In each of the later threeyear periods, the average yield of Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, was nearly the
same as that of the other Turkey varieties.
Comparable average yields of the six varieties are shown in Table IV
for the fourteen-year period, 1918 to 1931. Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, was
the highest-yielding Turkey wheat, with an average of 28.1 bushels. Hybrid 128 averaged 29.8 bushels an acre, or 1.7 bushels more than Turkey.
C. I. No. 1571. In the fourteen-year period, Hybrid 128 was exceeded
slightly in yield by one or more of the Turkey wheats in only four years.
The greatest difference was in the extremely unfavorable year of 1931,
when Hybrid 128 produced from 2.3 to 3.7 bushels per acre less than
any of the Turkey varieties.
12
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
Table V gives the average yield and rank of ten winter-wheat varieties
for three high-producing years (1926-1928) and for three low-producing
years (1929-1931). There is almost a complete reversal in the rank of
the varieties for the two three-year periods. vVhite Odessa, a late-maturing
variety, ranked first in average yield in the first three-year period, and last
in the second three-year period. P1068 x Preston, an early maturing
variety, ranked sixth in the first period and first in the second period.
Hybrid 128 and Rio ranked rather high in both periods.
TABLE V. AVERAGE ACREYIELDS OF TEN WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES FOR
THREE FAVORABLE YEARS (1926-1928) AND FOR THREE UNFAVORABLE YEARS (1929-1931) AT MORO, OREGON
C. I. No. and Variety
192 9-193 1
192 0-192 5
Yield
Rank
White Odessa
Hybrid 128
Rio
Federation
Rharkof
Turkey
Eanred
8244 P1068 x Preston
8220
4429
Oro
Turkey (Local)
37.2
37.1
37.0
36.0
35.2
35.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
34.7
Rank
Bushels
Bushels
4655
4512
10061
4734
8249
1571
5146
Yield
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
12.2
15.4
15.3
12.6
18.3
15.7
14.8
16.2
9
8
4
8
4
14.7
14.9
7
2
5
1
6
The data in tables IV and V show that more than a three-year trial
in field plots is required properly to rank winter-wheat varieties for yield
under conditions prevailing at Moro.
For the past twelve years most of the varieties grown in plots were
also grown in nursery trials. There is a rather close agreement in the
relative rank of the varieties from the field plot and nursery trials, al-
though the nursery yields are lower because of the 12-inch spacing of the
rows and also because the nursery was sometimes located on slightly
less productive land than the plot trials.
Nursery plots. Results from trials in nursery plots at Moro are available for the years 1920 to 1931, except for 1929 when most of the winterwheat varieties in the nursery failed to emerge because of late seeding and
dry soil. The nursery at Moro was handled much in the same way as the
smaller outlying nurseries. It contained from 100 to 150 winter-wheat
varieties, while 25 to 40 varieties were included in each of the outlying
nurseries.
Table VI gives a list of the varieties grown at Moro in nursery trials
in 1931 and that have been grown for a period of four or more years. The
average yield of each variety is given for the period it was grown. The
yield is expressed in the percentage yield of Kharkof for the same years.
\rarieties that were grown and discarded because of low yield or other
undesirable characters are not included in Table VI. This table does not
list the varieties grown in 1931 unless they were also grown for the
previous three years.
13
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
TABLE VI. AVERAGE YIELD OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES IN NURSERY
PLOTS AT MORO, OREGON, FOR FOUR YEARS OR MORE AND THE
YIELD OF EACH VARIETY IN PERcIJINTAGE OF THE YIELD
OF KHARKOF FOR THE PERIOD GROWN
C. I. or Nurzery No. and Variety
8275 Albit
975 Arcadian x Hard Federation
977 Arcadian x Hard Federation
978 Arcadian x Hard Federation
11426 Arcadian x Hard Federation
8246 Arco
6251 Blackhull
4734 Federation
4156 Fortyfold
10062 Fortyfold, selection 29
10064 Fortyfold, selection 54
8247 Fortyfold x Federation
980 Fortyfold x Federation
981 Fortyfold x Federation
982 Fortyfold x Federation
11422 Fortyfold x Hard Federation
965 Fortyfold x Hard Federation
967 Fortyfold x Hard Federation
8248 Fortylold x Hard Federation
939 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
940 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
942 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
943 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
945 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
937 Fortyfold x Little Club
11385 Galgalos
10063 Golden (Fortyfold, selection 43)
1011
1013
994
995
11456
4843
1021
4511
4512
4513
949
950
951
952
953
5582
Hard Fedcration x Hussar
Hard Federation x Hussar
Hard Federation x Martin
Hard Federation x Martin
Hood
Hussar
Hussar x Hard Federation
Hybrid 123
Hybrid 128
Hybrid 143
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Improved Turkey
Kanred
Kanred x Marquis
Kharkof
Marquis a Kanred
Martin
5146
8245
8249
930
4463
6688 Mosida
6250 Nebraska
8220 Oro
7264 Regal
6703 Ridit
10061 Rio
4430
5409
No. 60
Sevier No. 101
Sherman
Triplet
1558A Turkey
1571-1 Turkey, selection
4429 Turkey (local)
8243 Turkey x Bd. Minnesota No. 48
932 Turkey x Florence
933 Turkey x Florence
Period grown
(excluding
1929)
1927-31
1926-31
1926-31
1926-31
1926-81
1924-31
1924-31
1020-31
1924-31
1926-31
1926-31
1923-31
1926-1028 1931
1926-31
1926-31
1926-31
1926-31
1926-31
1924-31
1926-81
1926-31
1924-31
1926-81
1926-31
1925-31
1925-31
1926-31
1927-31
1527-81
1927-31
1927-31
1927-31
1920-31
1927-31
1925-31
1924-31
1924-31
1925-31
1028-31
1927-31
1927-31
1925-31
1927-31
1924-31
1922-31
1920-31
1926-Si
1920-81
1924-1928 :1931
1924-31
1923-81
1923-SI
1922-31
1922-31
1924-31
1920-1926 :1931
1924-Il
1920-31
1927-31
1924-31
1922-31
1923-31
1923-31
Average
acre
yield*
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
Bushels
%
19.6
24.0
22.8
25.2
24.7
25.9
22.2
22.7
96.1
116.5
110.7
122.5
119.9
125.7
107.8
107.2
79.1
107.8
99.0
109.8
108.4
124.3
115.3
125.7
120.4
108.3
96.1
130.1
114.1
113.1
119.9
117.5
114.1
100.5
112.1
121.6
125.5
113.2
116.2
107.8
86.0
115.2
110.2
117.0
109.7
95.2
94.6
105.9
89.2
101.0
102.9
85.9
103.3
100.0
99.0
84.2
107.3
105.3
102.7
99.1
90.2
97.2
102.4
103.8
109.2
103.2
104.4
107.8
94.9
100.0
88.0
16.3
22.2
20.4
24.7
24.4
25.6
23.8
25.9
24.8
22.3
19.8
26.8
23.5
23.3
24.7
24.2
23.9
21.0
23.1
24.8
25.6
23.1
23.7
22.0
19.2
23.5
22.7
24.1
22.6
19.9
19.7
21.6
18.2
21.1
21.0
17.7
22.2
22.1
20.4
18.6
23.4
21.7
23.1
22.3
19.4
20.9
21.1
22.0
22.6
22.8
21.3
22.2
20.4
22.6
19.8
* Average yields comparable only when grown for the same period.
14
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
TABLE VI. (Ccmtinued)
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
10080
935
946
947
71420
532
11424
4655
10005
1005
Turkey x Florence
Turkey x Florence
(Turkey x Hybrid 128) x
(Turkey x Florence)
(Turkey x Hybrid 128) x
(Turkey x Florence)
Turkey (North Powder selection)
Turkey selection
Turkey selection (Kansas 373-141)
White Odessa
White Odessa x Hard Federation
White Odessa x Hard Federation
Period grown
(excluding
1929)
Average
acre
yield'
Bushels
percentage
of Kharkof
1923-31
1923-31
22.8
22.3
101.3
99.1
1925-31
19.8
94.7
1925-31
1926-31
1920-31
1921-31
1920-31
1927-31
1927-31
20.5
98.1
112.1
101.4
107.7
111.8
108.3
105.9
23.1
22.4
23.9
24.7
22.1
21.6
Yield in
* Average yields comparable only when grown for the same period.
Most of the varieties of the Turkey type have yielded about the same
over a period of several years, as shown in Table VI. Of the Turkey
wheats still being grown, North Powder and Local Turkey gave the best
results in the nursery for the years grown. North Powder is a selection
made from a field of Turkey wheat near North Powder, Oregon. It yielded
112 percent of Kharkof for a five-year period.
Two hybrid selections, Nursery No. 939 and Nursery No. 945 from
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128, have given good results. These are short-strawed
club wheats which apparently are fairly winter hardy. Neither is smut
resistant. No. 939 outyielded all other varieties for the last five years of
the trial and averaged 30 percent higher than Kharkof. The two selections
from a cross between Fortyfold and Federation were also higher yielders.
Two newer promising hybrids are Hard Federation x Martin, Nursery
No. 995, and \'Vhite Odessa x Hard Federation, C. I. No. 10065. These
have an advantage over the other hybrids mentioned in that they possess
some smut resistance.
RESULTS AT PENDLETON
Field plots. Field-plot results are available at the Pendleton Field
Station for several winter-wheat varieties for the years 1929 to 1932, inclusive. Of the varieties tested in these years, Federation, Fortyfold x
Federation, C. I. No. 8247, and Jenkin were the three highest-yielding
varieties. In the two years, 1931 and 1932, a new hybrid selection, White
Odessa x Hard Federation, C. I. No. 10065, yielded about the same as
J enkin. This hybrid is more winter hardy and more smut resistant than
Jenkin or Federation.
The plot results agree rather closely with results from the nursery.
Of the varieties grown for an eight-year period in the nursery trials, Fortyfold x Federation, C. I. No. 8247, yielded highest. This variety resembles
Federation but is more winter hardy.
Table VII gives the annual and average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown in field-plot trials at Pendleton in the years 1929 to 1932, inclusive.
TABLE VII. ANNUAL AND AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN AFTER FALLOW IN FIELD
PLOTS AT PENDLETON, OREGON. IN THE YEARS 1929-1932
4734 Federation
8247 Fortyfold x Federation
5177 Jenkin
4512 Hybrid 128
8275 Albit
6688 Mosida
4430 Sherman
10062 Fortyfold, selection 29
10064 Fortyfold, selection 54
10063 Golden
10065 White Odessa x Hard Federation
4156 Fortyfold
6703 Ridit
5408 Triplet
8220 Oro
8249 Kharkof
Average
for period
grown
Two-year
average
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
47.2
42.3
41.3
38.4
36.9
36.6
36.9
39.3
38.3
41.2
40.6
39.4
35.3
33.4
36.6
34.9
36.7
35.5
34.0
41.5
25.4
35.0
37.4
36.5
32.5
43.3
42.9
41.7
Yield in bushels per acre
C. I. No. and Variety
1929
1930
1931
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
40.8
42.7
38.0
35.8
34.0
37.4
34.0
36.1
29.8
28.7
33.8
31.5
27.7
28.9
29.3
39.3
3.5
42.0
37.3
33.9
39.5
36.4
43.2
39.2
37.0
41.2
30.9
36.8
39.0
38.5
35.5
,
[15]
I
1932
55.'?
41.8
19.9
33.2
35.'?
34.5
29.5
379
35.4
38.1
36.'?
413
38.8
36.4
41.5
25.4
55.0
37.4
36.5
32.5
Yield in
percentage
of Federation
100.0
98.5
95.6
85.7
81.1
88.6
84.5
88.9
86.0
82.3
95.8
58.7
80.8
86.4
84.3
75.1
16
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
TABLE VIII. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS NEAR PENDLETON, OREION, 1924-1931
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Period
grown
Average
acre
yields
Yield in
percentage
of Hybrid
128
Bushels
4512
10061
6703
11452
4734
5177
8247
942
5408
6251
8244
4165
8246
8248
8249
8220
5146
4513
11404
11456
4067
Hybrid 128
Rio
Ridit
P1068 x Preston
Federation
Jenkin
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Triplet
Blackhull
P1068 x Prestcn
Fortyfold
Arco
Forty-fold x Hard Federation
Kharkof
Oro
Kanred
Hybrid 143
Red Chaff, selection Wi
Hood
Pacific Bluestem
45i) Hybrid 63
11424 Turkey selection (373-141)
8275 Albit
977
080
945
11422
965
048
953
11426
10062
10064
10063
10066
11421
995
10065
1011
11385
Arcadian a Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold a Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Arcadian a Hard Federation
Fortyfold, selection 29
Fortyfold, selection 54
Golden
Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
Mar'uis x Ranted
Hard Federation a Martin
White Odessa a Hard Federation
Hard Federation a Hussar
Galgalos No. 89
1924-1931
1924-1931
1924-1931
192 4-1931
1924-1931
1924-1931
1924-193 1
1924-1931
1924-193 1
1925-193 1
1025-19 31
1925-1931
1925-19 31
1925-193 1
1924-1928 ;1930-1931
1924-1929 1931
1924-1930
1026-1931
1926-1931
102 6-193 1
1024-1028 1930
19 23-1930
192 7-193 1
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1031
1927-1031
1927-193 1
1927-1931
10 27-193 1
192 7-19 3 1
1927-1928 1930-1931
192 9-193 1
102 9-103 1
1929-193 1
1929-1931
1929-1911
19 29-10 3 1
1029-loll
192 9-193
1930-193 1
35.7
54.4
32.3
55.4
34.4
35.4
40.0
37.9
37.3
36.5
33.5
27.1
36.7
34.2
34.4
34.6
35.9
36.7
38.4
35.4
28.9
36.2
37.3
32.9
38.8
39.8
36.9
37.3
35.6
34.7
30.8
36.1
40.1
36.9
37.5
34.1
37,3
43.2
40.1
40.0
36.8
100.0
06.4
90.5
99.2
96.4
99.2
112.0
106.2
104.5
100.8
92.5
74.9
101.4
94.7
96.6
96.4
98.1
100.5
105.2
97.0
79.0
97.3
105.7
93.2
109.9
112.7
104.5
105.7
100.8
98.3
87.3
103.4
119.0
109.5
111.3
101.2
110.7
128.2
119.0
118.7
113.9
Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period
Nursery plots. A winter-wheat nursery was grown near Pendleton
during the eight-year period 1924 to 1931, inclusive. Because of more
precipitation, yields at Pendleton were considerably higher than at any
of the other nurseries, averaging between 30 and 40 bushels per acre.
Fortyfold x Federation, C. I. 8247. gave the highest average yield. This
variety averaged about four bushels more per acre than Hybrid 128, a
wheat widely grown in Eastern Oregon and Washington. Fortyfold x
Federation, Nursery No. 980, from the same cross, yielded well for the
five years 1927 to 1931. Of the newer hybrid selections, Hard Federation x
Martin, Nursery No. 995, White Odessa x Hard Federation, C. I. 10065,
and Hard Federation x Hussar, Ntirsery No. 1011, gave excellent yields
for the three years, 1929 to 1931. These selections also have some resistance to smut. Golden and the two other Fortyfold selections produced
high yields for the years grown. Selection 29 was especially good.
17
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COL.UMBIA RIVER BASIN
Table VIII gives the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown
in nursery rows near Pendleton, Oregon, the years in which each variety
was grown, and the yield of each variety compared with the yield of
Hybrid 128.
RESULTS AT LEXINGTON
Nursery yields for winter-wheat varieties grown near Lexington are
available for the eight-year period from 1924 to 1931, inclusive. The
country near Lexington is very much like that near Moro. Turkey wheats
predominate. There was a closer agreement between the results of nursery trials at Lexington and Moro than between those of any other nursery
and Moro.
TABLE IX. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS NEAR LEXINGTON, OREGON, 1924-1931
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Period
grown
Average
acre
yield*
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
Ths.shela
8249
10061
6703
0146
11412
4512
4136
6251
8244
4510
4513
4734
5177
4067
9220
8246
9247
942
8248
11424
8275
977
980
945
11422
965
948
953
10062
10064
10053
11426
10066
11404
4066
11456
11385
Kharkof
Rio
Ridit
Kanred
P1068 x Preston
Hybrid 128
Fortyfold
Blackhull
P1068 x Preston
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 143
Federation
Jenkin
Pacific Bluestem
Oro
Arco
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Turkey selection (373-141)
Albit
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold c Hard Federation
Hybrid 129 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Fortyfold, selection 29
Fortyfold. selection 54
Golden
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
Reel Chaff, selection WI
Little Club
Hood
Galgalos No. 39
1924-I 931
1924-193 1
19 24-193 1
192 4-193 1
1924-1931
1924-1931
1924-1931
1825-1931
1921-193 1
1925-1931
1925-1931
1924-1928 :1930-1931
1924-1928 :1930-1931
1924-1928 1910-1931
1926-1931
192 6-1931
1928-1931
1526-1931
19 26-19 3 1
1927-1931
19 27-19 3 1
1927-1931
1927-193 1
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
192 7-19 31
1927-1931
1928-1931
1928-1911
1928-1931
1927-1928 ;1930-1931
1929-1931
1930-1931
193 0-193 1
1930-1931
193 0-19 3 1
19.3
19.7
19.3
18.8
21.4
21.8
17.5
20.2
19.9
22.0
21.0
19.8
19.1
18.8
20.6
23.7
24.2
25.1
22.1
20.8
21.7
25.2
24.3
23.4
25.4
23.6
21.3
21.5
18.1
19.7
19.3
24.2
20.9
20.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
100.0
99.5
98.5
94.9
108.1
110.1
88.4
101.5
100.0
110.6
105.5
102.6
99.0
97.4
98.1
112.9
114.8
119.5
105.2
97.7
101.9
118.3
114.1
109.9
119.2
110.8
100.0
100.9
94.8
103.1
101.0
116.3
112.4
123.8
99.4
100.0
100.6
* Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period
The two varieties averaging highest in yield were Fortyfold x Hard
Federation, C. I. No. 11422 and Fortyfold x Hybrid 128, Nursery No.
942, each of which yielded 25.4 bushels per acre, or 19 percent more than
Kharkof. Pacific Bluestem, which was formerly quite extensively grown
18
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
from fall planting near Lexington, was one of the lowest-yielding varieties
in the nursery. Hybrid 128 and Hybrid 63 averaged about 10 percent
higher in yield than Kharkof. A selection from Redchaff, an old variety
in Eastern Oregon, averaged exceptionally high in yield for the two years
it was grown.
Table IX gives the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown
in nursery rows near Lexington, the years each variety was grown, with
the average yield expressed in the percentage yield of Kharkof for the
same years.
RESULTS AT EIGHTMILE
A winter-wheat nursery was planted for the first time near Eightmile,
Oregon, in 1924. In 1925 this nursery completely winterkilled and no
varieties were harvested. Data are available for a seven-year period, 1924
and 1926 to 1931, inclusive. Federation ranked first in yield with an
average of 132 percent of the Kharkof check. Fortyfold was a fairly high-
yielding variety in this nursery, but was outyielded by Federation and
TABLE X. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN AT
EIGHTMILE, OREGON, 1924 and 1926-1981
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Period
grown
Average
acre
yie1d
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
Bushels
8249
10061
6703
5146
11452
4734
4512
4156
8220
6251
8244
4510
4513
10062
10064
10063
8246
8247
942
8248
5177
4067
11424
8275
977
980
945
11422
965
948
953
11426
10066
11404
4066
11456
11385
Kharkof
Rio
Ridit
lCanred
P1068 x Preston
Federation
Hybrid 128
Fortyfold
Oro
BlackhuU
P1068 x Preston
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 148
Fortyfold, selection 29
Fortyfold, selection 54
Golden
Arco
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
enkin
Pacific Bluestem
Turkey selection (37.3-141)
Albit
1924 ;1826-1931
1824 :1926-1951
1924 ;1926-1931
1924 1926-1931
1924 1926-1931
19241926-1931
1924 1926-1931
1924 ;1926-1931
1926 -1931
1926-193 1
1926-19 31
192 6-19 3 1
19 26-195 1
192 6-1931
1926-193 1
192 6-198 1
1926-193 1
1926-193 1
1926-1931
1926-193 1
1924 :1926-1928 ;1930-1931
1924:1926-19281930-1931
1927-193 1
1927-193 1
Arcadian x Hard Federation
19 27-193 1
Fortyfold x Federation
182 7-193 1
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
1927-1931
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
1927-1931
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
1927-1931
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
152 7-193 1
Hybrid 128 r White Odessa
1527-1931
Arcadian x Hard Federation 1927-1928:1930-1931
Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
1929-1931
Red Chaff, selection Wi
1930-1931
Little Club
1930-195 1
Hood
193 0-1931
Galgalos No. 39
1930-198 1
23.2
20.8
22.4
24.1
23.3
30.6
26.2
25.5
21.0
24.7
23.9
25.4
24.2
26.7
25.2
26.6
26.6
29.1
24.9
27.5
25.1
26.5
23.8
23.0
29.2
29.4
25.7
28.4
28.3
23.4
25.6
26.7
23.7
19.4
19.9
23.1
21.4
Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
100.0
89.7
96.6
103.9
100.4
131.9
112.9
109.9
92.9
109.8
105.8
112.4
107.1
118.1
111.5
117.7
117.7
128.8
110.2
121.7
118.1
119.4
99.1
97.9
124.3
125.1
109.4
120.9
120.4
99.6
108.9
121.4
99.6
91.9
94.3
109.5
101.4
19
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
several other varieties and selections. This was the only nursery where
Fortyfold outyielded the Turkey varieties. The three Fortyfold selections.
Nos. 29, 54, and Golden, were higher yielders than Fortyfold. F'ortyfold
x Federation, C. I. No. 8247, yielded slightly more than Federation for
the six years grown and gives promise of being a high-yielding wheat in
the Eightmile section.
Table X gives the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown in
nursery rows near Eightmile. the period each variety was grown, and the
yield in the percentage yield of Kharkof for the same years.
RESUL,TS AT CONDON
A winter-wheat nursery was first seeded near Condon in 1925, but
owing to poor stands and the effects of the ununiform ground the yields
for 1925 and 1926 were not recorded. Comparative results for 1930 also
were not obtained because of damage to some varieties by livestock.
Table XI gives the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown in
nursery rows near Condon for a four-year period and a comparison of
TABLE XI. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS NEAR CONDON. OREGON, 1927-1929 AND 1931
C. 2. or Nursery No. and Variety
Period grown
(Excluding 1930)
Average
acre yield*
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
Baskets
8249 Kharkof
8220 Oro
10061 Rio
6708 Ridit
5146 ICanred
11424 Turkey selection
6251 Blockhull
11452
8244
8275
948
953
942
945
4512
4156
4510
4513
8246
977
11422
965
8248
4734
8247
980
10062
10064
10063
5177
4067
11426
(373-141)
P1068 x Preston
P1068 x Preston
Albit
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Hybrid 128
Fortyfold
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 143
Arco
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfod x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Federation
Fortyfoid x Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold selection 29
Fortyfold selection 54
Golden
Jenkin
Pacific Bluestem
Arcadian x Hard Federation
1927-1931
1027-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1831
1927-1931
1027-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1981
1927-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1027-1931
1927-1931
1927-1931
1928-1931
1928-1931
1928-1931
1927-1928 1931
1927-1928 1931
1927-1928 1931
26.7
24.0
24.2
26.3
28.9
25.3
24.5
28.5
24.1
25.8
25.0
27.8
27.2
25.9
27.9
26.8
29.2
27.2
27.1
31.8
32.3
28.0
30.7
29.7
31.5
31.5
24.8
20.0
22.4
27.5
27.7
30.9
' Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
100.0
89.9
90.6
94.8
97.0
94.8
91.8
106.7
90.8
96.6
93.6
104.1
101.9
97.0
104.5
96.6
109.4
101.9
101.5
119.1
121.0
104.9
115.0
111.2
117.2
118.0
109.3
92.1
98.7
98.2
98.9
110.4
20
AGRICULTURAL, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
the yield of each variety with the yield of Kharkof. Some of the newer
hybrid selections outyielded all of the standard varieties. Fortyfold x Hard
Federation, C. I. No. 11422 leads with an average yield of 121 percent
of the Kharkof check. Arcadian x Hard Federation, Nursery No. 977;
Fortyfold x Federation, Nursery No. 980; and Fortyfold x Federation,
C. I. No. 8247, follow closely in the order named. Fortyfold, a widely
grown variety in the vicinity of Condon, was exceeded slightly in yield
by Kharkof. Hybrid 128 averaged two bushels per acre higher than Fortyfold. Federation averaged nearly three bushels higher.
RESUL,TS AT KENT
In 1924, a winter-wheat nursery was seeded near Kent, Oregon, but
because of dry conditions and injury by wireworms no varieties were harvested. In 1925 a spring-wheat nursery only was grown.
Table XII gives the average yields of the winter-wheat varieties
grown in nursery rows near Kent, Oregon, the years each variety was
grown, and the yield in percentage of the yield of Kharkof. Of the varieties grown for the full six-year period, Fortyfold x Federation, C. I. No.
8247, and P1068 x Preston averaged highest in yield. P1068 x Preson
resembles Turkey in plant characters, but it has hard, white kernels.
TABLE XII. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY Rows NEAR KENT, OREGON, 1926-1531
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Period
grown
Average
acre
yield*
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
Bushels
8240
10061
8220
6703
5146
6251
11452
8244
4734
4512
4513
4510
4156
942
8247
8246
8275
10062
10064
10068
945
980
977
948
953
11424
4067
5177
8248
1142.2
965
11428
10060
Eharkof
1926-1931
1026-1931
1926-1931
Rio
Oro
Ridit
Kaured
Blackhulj
P1068 x Preston
P1008 x Preston
Federation
Hybrid 128
1-lybrid 143
Hybrid 63
Fortyfold
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold
Arco
Albit
Federation
Fortyfoid, selection 29
Fortyfold, selection 54
Golden
Fortyfold x Hybrid 125
Fortyfold x Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Turlcey selection (373-141)
Pacific Bluestem
Jenkin
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfolcl x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Hybrid 128
Fortyfold
192 6-193 1
1926-153 1
19 26-103 1
192 8-193 1
1926-19 31
1926-1931
192 6-1931
1926-193 1
1926-19 31
192 6-19 31
192 6-193 1
192 6-1931
19 26-193 1
192 7-193 1
1927-193 1
1927-193 1
192 7-19 3 1
192 7-10 3 1
19 27-193 1
1927-1931
192 7-103 1
1927-198 1
1927-103 1
1926-1928 1930-1931
1926-1928 ;1930-1931
1926-1928 1930-1931
1927-1928 ;1980-1931
1927-1928 1930-1981
1927-1928 1930-1931
1929-19 31
18.1
17.8
18.6
17.2
18.5
21.4
19.3
22.1
20.4
19.7
20.2
17.7
17.0
19.7
22.9
19.5
21.8
21.5
23.0
22.7
23.1
25.7
24.9
20.7
22.1
21.0
18.7
17.8
22.5
24.8
24.4
26.7
20.1
* Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
100.0
98.3
102.8
95.0
102.2
118.2
106.6
122.1
112.7
108.8
111.6
97.8
93.9
108.8
126.5
104.7
105.3
103.9
111.1
109.7
111.6
124.2
120.3
100.0
106.8
101.4
105.1
100.0
126.4
118.7
116.7
127.8
118.2
21
WHEAT VARIETIES TOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
RESULTS AT MAUPIN
The Wasco County nursery was located in the central part of the
county near Dufur in 1924 and 1925. In 1927, 1928, and 1931 it was located about two miles northwest of Maupin at an elevation of 2,400 feet.
No nursery was grown in Wasco county in 1929 and 1930.
Table XIII shows the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown
in nursery rows in Wasco county, the period each was grown, and the
yield of each variety iii the percentage yield of Kharkof for identical years.
Only eight varieties outyielded Kharkof, the check variety. Hybrid 128,
a standard variety in this section, yielded 102.7 percent of Kharl<of. Oro,
a good smut-resistant Turkey wheat, slightly outyielded Hybrid 128 for
an average of five years, but this was due to the high yield of Oro in 1925.
Arcadian x Hard Federation, Nursery No. 977, averaged fairly high for
the years grown.
TABLE XIII. AVERAGE YIRLDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS IN WASCO COUNTY 1924-1928 AND 1921
C I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Ilharkof
8220 Oro
1924-1028 ;1931
1924-1928 ;1931
1024-1928 1931
1924-1028 1931
8249
10061
6703
5146
11452
4156
4067
4734
6251
8244
942
4512
4510
4513
8246
8248
8247
5177
11424
8275
948
958
945
11385
977
11426
11422
965
980
4066
Rio
Ridit
Ranred
1924-1928 1931
P1068 x Preston
1924-1928 ;1931
Fortyfold
Pacific Bluestem
Federation
Blackhull
P1068 x Prstcn
Fortyfold x hybrid 128
Hybrid 128
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 143
Area
Fortylald x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
.Jenkin
Turkey selection
Period
grown
(373-141)
Albit
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Galgalos No. 39
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Forl.yfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Little Club
1924-1928 1931
1024-1028 1931
1924-1928 1931
1925-1928 1031
1925-1828 1931
1925-1928 1031
1025-1928 1931
1925-1928 1931
1925-1928 1931
1925-1928 1931
1925-1928 1931
1925-1928 ;1981
1924 1926-1928 1931
1027-1928 ;1931
1927-1928 ;1931
1927-1928 1931
1927-1928 1931
1927-1928 :1931
1927-1928 1931
1927-19281931
1027-1928 1931
1927-1928 1931
1027-1028 1931
1927-1928 ;1931
1928 1931
Average
acre
yield
Yield in
percentage
of Rharkof
Bu.sheia
%
24.7
100.0
103.6
97.6
94.3
97.2
95.1
80.2
75.3
89.5
98.2
92.9
93.8
102.7
102.2
90.8
82.7
99.1
89.4
96.1
102.4
90.3
94.5
105.5
101.8
104.8
116.4
109.1
107.3
100.0
103.6
72.1
25.6
24.1
23.8
24.0
23.5
19.8
18.6
22.1
22.2
21.0
21.2
23.2
23.1
20.4
18.7
22.4
20.2
19.9
16.9
14.9
15.6
17.4
16.8
17.3
19.2
18.0
17.7
16.5
17.1
10.6
* Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
RESULTS AT CULVER
A winter-wheat nursery was grown near Culver for the first time in
1928 and was continued for the three following years. Thirteen varieties
outyielded Kharkof, the check variety. Blackhull, Fortyfold x Federation,
C. I. No. 8247, and Fortyfold x Hard Federation, C. I. No. 11442, averaged highest in yield. Blackhull averaged 129 percent of Kharkof for
22
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
the years grown. Galgalos, a commercially grown variety in Jefferson
county, averaged higher than Kharkof for the three-year period it was
grown. Hood, a pure-line selection from Jenkin, yielded exceptionally
high in 1930 and 1931.
Table XIV shows the average yields of winter-wheat varieties grown
near Culver, Oregon, the period each variety was grown, and the yield
of each variety compared with Kharkof for identical years.
TABLE XIV. AVERAGE YiELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS NEAR CULVER, OREGON, 1928-1931
C. L or Nursery No. and Variety
Period grown
Average
acre yield*
Yield in
percentage
of Kharkof
BuheZs
8249
8220
10061
6708
5146
11424
6251
Kbarkof
Oro
Rio
Ridit
Kanred
Turkey selection (373-141)
Blackhull
11452 P1068 x Preston
8244 P1068 x Preston
8275 Albit
948 Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
953 Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
942 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
945 Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
4512 Hybrid 128
4156 Fortylold
10062 Fortyfold selection 29
10064 Fortyfold selection 54
10063 Golden
4510 Hybrid 63
4513 Hybrid 143
8246 Arco
977 Arcadian x Hard Federation 11422 Fortyfold x Hard Federation
8248 Fortyfold x Hard Federation 4734 Federation
8247 Fortyfold x Federation
980 Fortyfold x Federation
5177 Jenkin
4067 Pacific Eluestem
11385 Galgalos 39
11426 Arcadian x Hard Federation
968 Arcadian x Hard Federation
10066 Hybrid 128 x Fortyfold
11404 Red Chaff Wi
4066 Little Club
11456 Hood
1928-19 31
1928-1931
1928-193 1
1928-193 1
1928-193 1
1928-1931
1928-193 1
1928-1931
1928-1931
192 8-193 1
19 28-193 1
1828-193 1
1928-193 1
1928-1931
1928-1931
192 8-193 1
1928-1931
1828-198 1
1928-193 1
1928-1931
192 8-193 1
19 28-193 1
192 8-1931
1928-198 1
1928-193 1
1928- 1931
1928-198 1
1928-1931
1928 1930-1931
1928 1930-1931
1928 ;1930-1931
1928 1930-1931
1928 1930-1991
19 30-19 3 1
1930-1931
1930-1931
1930-1931
16.1
14.9
14.2
15.8
17.9
16.1
20.9
18.6
16.8
11.1
12.4
15.1
15.7
14.7
13.8
14.3
17.2
17.0
13.8
15.7
14.5
17.3
19.3
19.8
19.3
17.2
19.5
18.8
13.8
15.4
15.9
19.0
19.1
11.2
1.2.3
13.8
16.9
100.0
92.5
88.2
98.1
111.2
100.0
129.2
115.8
104.3
68.9
77.0
93.8
97.5
913
85.7
88.8
106.8
105.6
85.7
97.5
90.1
107.5
119.9
123.0
119.9
106.8
119.9
116.8
101.5
113.2
116.9
139.7
140.4
95.7
105.1
117.9
144.4
Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
AVERAGE YIELDS AT MORO, LEXINGTON, AND CULVER,
WHERE TURKEY WHEATS PREDOMINATE
In Table XV the 29 winter-wheat varieties are listed in the order of
their average yields at three localities, Moro, Lexington, and Culver, where
'rurkey wheat is the leading commercial variety. The average yields are
for a six-year period at Moro, a five-year period at Lexington, and a fouryear period at Culver, or a total of fifteen nursery years.
In this area many of the white wheats exceeded all the Turkey varieties in average yield. The highest-yielding red wheat was BlackhuIl
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
23
which averaged nearly two bushels per acre higher than the best Turkey
wheat. The high average yield of Blackhull was due largely to its superior-
ity at Culver. Blackhull also slightly outyielded the Turkey wheats in
the nursery trials at Moro. At Lexington it showed no superiority over
the Turkey varieties.
The average yields in Table XV indicate that Albit, Jenkin, Pacific
Bluesteni, and Fortyfold are poorly adapted to this area.
TABLE XV. AVERAGE ACRE-YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES AT
MORO, LEXINGTON, AND CULVER WHERE TTJRIOEY WHEAT IS
THE MOST COMMONLY GROWN VARIETY
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Average acre yield
BuBhelS
11422
977
965
11426
8247
980
8246
6251
11402
942
945
4512
4510
8248
4513
8244
4734
8249
11424
953
10061
6703
5146
8220
8275
5177
948
4067
4156
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Areadian x Hard Federation
Forty-fold x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Foi-tyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Arco
Blackhull
P1068 x Preston
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Hybrid 126
Hybrid 63
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Hybrid 143
P1068 x Preston
Federation
Kharkof
Turkey, selection (373-141)
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Rio
Ridit
Ranred
Oro
Albit
Jenkin
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Pacific Bluestem
Fortyfold
23.7
22.4
22.4
22.1
21.5
21.8
21.7
21.2
21.0
20.9
20.8
20.5
20.3
19.9
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.3
19.1
19.0
18.7
18.6
18.
18.4
17.9
17.6
17.5
17.2
15.7
AVERAGE YIELDS AT KENT, CONDON, AND EIGHTMILE,
WHERE FORTYFOLD WHEAT PREDOMINATES
In Table XVI the average yields are given for the nurseries at Kent,
Condon, and Eightmile, where Fortyfold is a popular commercial variety.
This Table includes data for five years at Kent and Eightmile and for
four years at Condon, or a total of fourteen nursery years. The average
yield of Fortyfold at these localities was about the same as that of most
of the Turkey varieties, Kharkof exceeding it by only .6 bushel. Several
other Turkey whcats averaged slightly less than Fortyfold in yield, while
at the other group of nurseries-Moro, Lexington, and Culver-Fortyfold was the poorest wheat, averaging about three bushels per acre less
than most of the Turkey wheats. At Kent, Condon, and Eightmile,
Federatio-n ranked higher than any other commercially grown variety,
probably because of protective snow covering during the winter at these
localities of rather high elevation. Hybrid 128 also averaged high in yield,
exceeding Fortyfold by 2.1 bushels per acre. Fortyfold has no advantage
24
AGRICULTURAL. EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
over Hybrid 128 in weight per bushel, smut resistance, or winter hardiness. From these data, it appears that for this area it would be profitable
to replace Fortyfold with Hybrid 128, Federation, or one of the new
hybrid wheats.
TABLE XV!. AVERAGE YIELDS OF WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES AT KENT,
CONDON, AND EIGHTMILE, WHERE FORTYFOLD
IS A COMMONLY-GROWN VARIETY
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Average acre yield
Bushels
980
977
8247
11422
11426
8248
965
4734
942
4512
945
8246
11452
958
4510
4513
6251
8244
8249
8275
5157
4067
11424
5147
948
4156
6703
8220
10061
Fortyfold x Federation
Arcadjan x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfcid x Hard Federation
Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Hybrid 128
Fartyfold x Hybrid 128
Area
P1068 x Pre4ton
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 143
Blaekhull
P1068 x Preston
Kharkof
Albit
Jenkin
Pacific Bluestem
Turkey selection 373-141
Kanred
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Fortyfold
Ridit
Oro
Rio
28.9
28.6
28.4
28.3
27.5
27.5
26.7
26.4
25.2
25.1
24.9
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.4
24.4
24.0
23.9
23.6
23.5
23.4
23.2
23.2
23.0
23.0
23.0
22.5
22.4
22.2
SUMMARY OF WINTER-WHEAT YIELDS AT ALL NURSERIES
In addition to the field-plot trials at Moro and Pendleton, a five-year
average yield in nursery plots was obtained for 29 winter-wheat varieties
at Moro, Kent, Eightmile, Lexington, and Pendleton. The same varieties
were grown for 4 years at Condon and Culver and for 3 years at Maupin.
Data were obtained for a total of 36 nursery years. Table XVII gives
the average yields of these 29 winter-wheat varieties for from 3 to 5 years
in each of the eight localities in Eastern Oregon and the average yield
for all locations.
Table XVII also shows the average weight per bushel for each
variety for a three-year period at each location. The Turkey wheats, although low in average yield, were high in weight per bushel. Oro, Black-
hull, Rio, and Hybrid 143 each averaged more than 61.5 pounds per bushel.
The weight per bushel of a wheat variety becomes increasingly important
as prices decline. When the discounts for low test weight are arbitrarily
maintained at fixed amounts, regardless of the price of wheat, the percentage loss to the farmer is much greater if wheat is cheap. A yield of
TABLE XVII. AVERAGE YIELDS OF TWENTY-NONE WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN EIIGHT LOCALITIES IN
EASTERN OREGON
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
11422
977
8247
980
11426
965
942
8248
945
4734
11452
6251
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fotyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Federation
P1068 x Preston
Blackhull
4512 Hybrid 128
8246 Arco
4510 Hybrid 63
4513 Hybrid 143
11424 Turkey selection 373-141
953 Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
8244 P1068 x Preston
8249 Kharkof
0177 Jenkin
10061 Rio
6703 Ridit
5146 Kanred
948 Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
8275 Albit
8220 Oro
4067 Pacific Bluestem
4056 Fortyfold
Culver
four-
Eight-
ton
Pendleton
year
average
year
average
year
average
Total
average
Average
bushel
weight
mile
five-
Lexing-
year
average
year
average
Maupin
threeyear
average
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bush.e1s
Bushels
Bushels
Pound8
25.9
22.8
21.7
22.2
24.7
24.8
21.7
17.9
24.2
22.7
22.2
21.8
23.4
23.7
22.7
22.6
20.5
20.3
20.7
20.6
20.7
20.9
18.8
18.0
18.7
20.9
19.9
18.6
14.4
24.1
24.9
25.3
25.7
25.7
23.7
23.2
25.4
23.1
22.1
21.3
22.1
22.7
20.9
19.8
21.7
21.0
22.1
23.7
20.7
20.3
20.0
19.7
20.1
20.7
21.8
21.4
19.8
18.8
17.7
19.2
17.8
17.1
18.0
36.8
15.2
15.3
16.8
17.3
16.1
17.3
17.4
13.9
17.4
16.8
16.9
17.4
15.2
16.5
17.2
16.4
17.6
15.4
18.6
14.9
15.2
14.6
13.0
32.3
31.8
31.3
31.5
29.5
28.0
19.8
19.3
28.4
29.2
28.5
29.4
27.4
28.3
25.3
26.4
25.7
27.5
23.6
25.5
24.6
25.6
24.2
24.3
23.3
25.6
23.8
23.5
23.6
22.4
22.5
23.1
23.4
28.0
21.8
23.8
24.3
25.4
25.2
24.4
24.3
23.7
23.6
25.4
22.5
23.4
18.3
22.1
21.0
24.4
24.0
22.4
21.5
20.8
37.3
38.8
41.0
39.8
37.3
35.6
39.2
34.5
36.9
35.6
37.6
36.5
35.3
36.3
35.9
36.6
37.3
30.8
35.1
34.4
37.1
34.1
32.4
32.8
34.7
32.9
38.4
29.6
26.4
26.4
26.4
26.2
26.1
25.5
24.9
24.1
24.0
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.7
28.7
23.6
23.4
23.2
22.7
22.6
22.5
22.5
22.2
21.7
21.7
21.6
21.5
21.5
21.4
20.7
19.4
59.6
59.2
59.0
59.8
59.3
57.4
60.2
60.3
60.6
59.2
60.5
61.8
60.3
58.2
61.4
61.7
61.5
58.3
61.4
61.8
59.6
61.7
60.9
61.2
59.8
59.3
62.2
50.0
59.8
Moro
five-
Kent
five-
Condon
fouryear
average
average
year
27.2
30.7
25.9
29.7
28.5
24.5
27.9
27.1
29.2
27.2
25.3
27.8
21.1
26.7
20.4
24.2
25.3
25.9
25.0
25.8
24.0
26.1
25.8
[25]
19.3
18.8
18.0
18.9
10.7
19.3
14.7
17.2
18.6
20.8
13.8
17.3
15.7
14.5
16.1
15.1
16.8
16.1
14.5
14.2
18.8
17.9
12.4
11.1
14.9
15.8
14.3
five-
21.5
20.6
21.3
17.6
21.0
21.3
19.7
21.3
21.7
20.8
17.3
18.5
five-
26
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
25 bushels per acre of wheat testing 60 pounds is more profitable than a
26-bushel yield of wheat testing 58 pounds if the price is 40 per bushel and
the discount two cents for the lower-testing wheat. At 60
per bushel
the higher-yielding, lower test-weight wheat is more profitable.
Table XVIII gives the rank of each variety at each nursery, with
the varieties listed in the order of their average yield at all nurseries. It
is of interest to compare the yield and the rank of a variety in one nursery
with its yield and rank in other nurseries from the data in tables XVII
and XVIII. For instance, Fortyfold x Hard Federation, C. I. No. 11422,
with the highest average yield, ranked first in three nurseries and not
below sixth in any nursery. Fortyfold, the variety with the lowest average yield, ranked twenty-ninth or last in four nurseries and not above
fifteenth in any nursery. On the other hand, a few varieties yielded high
at one or two localities and low at most others. Ridit ranked fourth in
yield in the Maupin nursery, but its rank was very low in five nurseries
and below the average in two others. Blackhull ranked first at Culver,
Jefferson county, was fairly high in five other nurseries, but ranked low
in two nurseriesLexington and Condon.
Limiting the number of commerically grown wheat varieties in the
Columbia River Basin to as few as possible would be very desirable from
a marketing standpoint. Considering only yield, some of the newer hybrid wheats offer some hope of soon introducing a new variety that would
be satisfactory for the entire area. Of the present commercially grown
wheats, Federation and Hybrid 128 averaged highest. Federation ranked
rather high in yield in all nurseries except Lexington, where it ranked
nearly last. Hybrid 128 ranked fairly high in all nurseries except Culver,
where its rank in yield was very low. The Turkey wheat which averaged
highest in rank was a Kansas selection, Turkey, C. I. No. 11424. The
nursery results confirm those obtained in the longer-time field-plot trials
at Moro, that the growing of Fortyfold might profitably be discontinued
by farmers of the Columbia Basin. Fortyfold gave a fair average yield
in only one nursery, Eightmile in Morrow county, where it ranked fifteenth in yield of the twenty-nine varieties tested for a five-year period.
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The hard red winter wheats. In actual acreage, Turkey is the leading
variety in several Columbia Basin counties. Several strains of Turkey are
grown, but Kharkof and Kanred are the two most widely distributed of
this group of hardy wheats. Because of resistance to cold, resistance to
stinking smut, high test weight, and fair milling quality, the Turkey
wheats have for many years been standard varieties in all dry-land sections of the United States where winter wheat can be grown.
In the long-time plot trials at Moro and in every nursery trial, several
varieties have exceeded the Turkey wheats in yield. In an eight-year plot
trial at Moro, the average yield of Kharkof was 24.9 bushels per acre and
of Hybrid 128, 26.1 bushels, a difference of 1.2 bushels per acre in favor
of Hybrid 128. Considering the greater susceptibility of Hybrid 128 to
smut and its lower test weight, much of this advantage in yield is lost
because of reduced price from smut dockage and lower grade. Averaging
the yields in all nursery trials, Kharkof yielded 1.2 bushels per acre less
than Hybrid 128. In the plot trials at Moro (Table II), the average yields
TABLE XVIII. AVERAGE RANK OF TWENTY-NINE WINTER-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN EIGHT LOCALITIES IN
EASTERN OREGON
C. 1. or Nursery No. and Variety
11422
977
8247
980
11426
965
942
8248
945
4734
11452
6251
4512
8246
4510
4513
11424
958
8244
8249
5177
10061
6708
5146
948
8275
8220
4067
4156
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Fortyfold x Federation
Arcadian x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Fortyfold x Hard Federation
Fortyfold x Hybrid 128
Federation
P1068 x Preston
Blackhull
Hybrid 128
Arco
Hybrid 63
Hybrid 143
Turkey seleotion
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
P1068 x Preston
Kharkof
Jenkin
Rio
Ridit
Kanred
Hybrid 128 x White Odessa
Albit
Oro
Pacific Bluestem
Fortyfold
Moro
Kent
Maupin
Condon
Culver
Rank
Rank
Rank
1
7
14
11
3
2
14
28
4
...
8
11
13
6
5
8
10
21
22
18
20
18
16
24
27
25
16
23
26
29
Rank
Rank
6
5
4
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
7
mile
Lexington
Rank
Bank
4
2
3
8
4
2
3
11
39
3
7
1
7
9
6
7
10
13
18
5
10
6
9
13
8
22
12
8
3
15
23
22
10
12
18
13
8
18
12
11
8
6
20
26
16
19
12
28
7
21
23
25
28
24
21
15
17
26
29
15
10
9
ELght-
3
26
1
13
11
15
8
13
32
23
5
12
23
28
16
17
27
23
19
25
21
29
18
21
27
11
18
23
14
20
13
14
23
26
16
10
28
29
21
16
25
5
17
4
21
20
26
23
27
20
[271
5
9
6
20
12
14
10
17
15
24
10
18
22
20
28
27
25
28
26
29
18
15
1
3
4
6
8
9
1
11
10
27
13
20
4
7
12
13
22
15
23
17
28
20
17
25
17
14
24
29
26
Pendle- Average yield
ton
per acre
Rank
Bushels
6
4
1
2
6
15
3
20
10
15
5
12
17
13
14
11
6
27
18
21
9
22
26
25
19
24
23
28
29
26.4
26.4
26.2
26.1
25.6
24.9
24.1
24.0
23.8
23.8
23.8
23.7
28.7
23.6
23.4
23.2
22.7
22.6
22.5
22.5
22.2
21.7
21.7
21.6
21.6
21.5
21.4
20.7
19.4
28
AGRICULTURAL, EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
of the various Turkey wheats were similar. Turkey, C. I. No. 1571, averaged highest and Kanred lowest. Two other promising Turkey wheats
are Oro and Rio, which are briefly discussed under "smut-resistant varieties."
Blackhull, a bearded variety with kernels resembling Turkey, outyielded the Turkey wheats in most of the nursery trials. It averaged the
highest of all varieties grown at Culver, and ranked fairly high in all
nurseries except at Condon and Lexington. Blackhull is a widely grown
variety in south central Kansas, where it was produced, and also in northern Oklahoma. It has several good qualities for a dry-land wheat, especially early heading, early maturity, and high test weight. It is susceptible to stinking smut. In a six-year plot tiial at Moro, Blackhull.
averaged about the same in yield as several Turkey varieties.
White wheats. Of the 29 winter-wheat varieties tested in outlying
nurseries, 22 have white kernels. The highest-yielding wheats were in
this group, nine of them being new hybrid selections. Federation, with
a yield of 23.8 bushels, averaged highest of the standard varieties in the
nurseries. Hybrid 128, a widely grown variety in Oregon and Washington, averaged 23.7 bushels. Federation ranked fairly high in yield at all
nurseries except Lexington, and Hybrid 128 ranked rather high in all
nurseries except Culver. In the plot trials at Moro, Hybrid 128 has considerably outyielded Federation from fall sowing because of rather severe
winter killing of Federation in 1929 and 1930. In most of the nursery
trials, Hybrid 128 outyielded Hybrid 63 and Hybrid 143, two other white
club wheats grown in the Pacific Northwest.
There is a considerable acreage of Federation sown in the fall in the
Columbia River Basin of Oregon, especially in Umatilla county. It is
hoped that a similar high-yielding variety with more winter hardiness and
smut resistance will soon replace Federation for fall sowing. In the plot
trials at Pendleton, Federation outyielded Hybrid 128 nearly six bushels.
per acre for a four-year period. Federation, fall-sown, also outyielded
Jenkin, which is a late-maturing spring wheat often grown from fall sowing in Uinatilla county.
Fortyfolda white, beardless wheat with brown glumesis one of
the oldest varieties grown in Eastern Oregon. Its production now is.
limited to a few localities of high elevation. Partly because of its susceptibility to shattering, it has always been a low-yielding variety at Moro,.
where it has been thoroughly tested in the field plots and nursery trials
The trials in the outlying nurseries indicate that Fortyfold is relatively a
higher yielder at Condon and Eightmile than at Moro. This may be because of less wind at these localities during the ripening period, which
results in less shattering. At Condon, Hybrid 128 exceeded the yield of
Fortyfold 2.1 bushels per acre and at Eightmile the average yields of the
two varieties were practically identical. Fortyfold is about as susceptible
to smut as Hybrid 128, and is a much more difficult wheat to keep pure
Commercial fields of Fortyfold grown in Eastern Oregon are nearly always badly mixed with other varieties and with field hybrids. The variety
seems to cross-pollinate naturally more than other commonly grown varieties. Several pure lines from Fortyfold have been increased and three
of them have been placed in the plot trials at Moro and at Pendleton.
Selection 43, which has been named Golden, is similar to Fortyfold, except
WHEAT VARIETIES VOR THE COL.UMBIA RIVER BASIN
29
that it is not so susceptible to shattering. Fortyfold vill likely be replaced
commercially by this selection or by one of the new hybrids, several of
which have been considerably higher yielders in the nursery trials at all
locations.
Smut-resistant varieties. Several of the new smut-resistant wheats
were grown in the outlying nurseries and also have been tested for yield
and smut resistance at Moro and Pendleton for several years. These smutresistant varieties include three highly resistant hard-red winter varieties
Oro, Rio, and Riditand three moderately resistant white club wheatsAlbit
and two selections from Hybrid 128 x White Odessa, Nursery Nos. 948
and 953. Ridit ranked high at Maupin, gave a fair yield at Lexington and
Culver, and a low yield in the four other nurseries. The average yield of
both Rio and Ridit for all nurseries was 21.7 bushels per acre. Oro averaged 21.4 bushels per acre. Oro averaged highest in weight per bushel
of all varieties tested in the nursery trials. In plot trials at Moro, Rio
slightly outyielded Ridit and Oro. In the vicinity of Lexington and Moro,
Turkey wheat is the leading variety. The results from the plot and nurscry trials at Moro and from the nursery trials at Lexington indicate that
Oro or Rio might well replace other strains of Turkey in these localities.
Both Oro and Rio seem to have all the desirable qualities of such varieties
as Karkof and Kanred, and in addition are much more smut resistant.
Oro is already commercially established in Jefferson county where it
seems to yield equally as well as other Turkey wheats.
Albit averaged 2.2 bushels per acre less than Hybrid 128 in all nursery
trials and 1.9 bushels less in the plot trials at Pendleton. Some Albit is
grown in Uinatilla county by farmers who have had difficulty in controlling smut in Hybrid 128. Ridit has been tried by farmers in several Oregon
counties, but the variety has not increased much in acreage.
New hybrid wheats. Table XVII shows that the new hybrid selections
from Fortyfold x Federation, Fortyfold x Hard Federation, and Arcadian
x Hard Federation averaged highest in yield in the nursery trials. These
wheats are early-maturing, awnless, white-kcrneled varieties which were
produced in an attempt to create a new winter-hardy wheat with the desirable plant characters of Federation. All of them are doubtless susceptible to stinking smut, like the parent varieties. Because of early maturity
and capacity to yield, they should be especially well adapted for growing
on shallow soils. The performance of these hybrid wheats in all nurseries
shows that they are superior in yield to present commercial varieties,
but they need to be further improved for hardiness, weight per bushel,
and smut resistance. Two of them, Fortyfold x Federation, C. I. No. 8247,
and Arco are being tested on a commercial scale by a limited number of
farmers.
The hybrid selections, White Odessa x Hard Federation, C. I. No.
10065, and Hard Federation x Martin Nursery No. 995. are early maturing,
short-strawed varieties which may prove more desirable than the other
hybrids mentioned. They possess some smut resistance, and White Odessa
x Hard Federation appears to be quite winter hardy. If they continue
to produce high yields in the plot and nursery trials, they will be distributed for farm tests and released for general distribution if found satisfactory.
TABLE XIX. ANNUAL AND AVERAGE YIELDS OF SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN FIELD-PLOT TRIALS AT MORO, OREGON,
1921-1981 INCLUBIVE
Acre yield
C. I. No. and Variety
1697
4158
4067
4733
4734
4981
6221
8256
8254
8252
Saart
Marquis
Pacific Bluestem
Hard Federation
Federation
White Federation
Onas
Hard Federation selection 71
Baart x Federation
1921
1922
1923
Bu.
Ba.
Ba.
23.5
19.7
21.5
29.0
29.9
27.7
28.4
19.5
17.0
20.5
21.0
21.3
24.2
16.7
37.0
34.9
33.9
40.8
45.3
41.0
45.2
1924
1925
1926
1927
Bu.
Bu.
13u.
20.6
12.8
15.5
20.8
21.0
20.4
20.7
18.7
22.8
20.8
19.8
23.3
24.5
27.4
23.1
Baart x Federation
8255 Hard Federation selection 31
11420 Hard Federation selection 79
11421 Hard Federation selection 82
[30]
18.4
19.9
25.9
26.0
23.6
25.4
Five- Elevenyear
year
aver- average
age
Yield in
percent.
age
of Baart
1928
1929
1930
Lu.
Ba.
Pu.
Bu.
Bu.
Ba.
Ba.
%
30.7
27.4
30.2
29.7
35.3
31.?
38.7
33.2
37.3
33.2
33.8
33.4
33.6
20.8
21.4
23.5
23.3
25.5
25.2
11.7
8.1
8.1
12.6
8.7
12.3
9.2
10.4
9.7
8.6
10.2
9.6
7.6
21.6
21.5
18.7
20.4
19.4
18.5
21.8
18.9
20.6
21.5
22.4
21.3
23.4
21.5
23.3
22.3
21.5
22.1
21.9
22.6
19.8
21.3
24.4
25.4
24.6
25.1
100
88
94
108
112
109
111
101
109
105
101
104
103
22.1
21.8
23.5
23.7
22.5
26.7
26.5
18.7
20.8
22.6
24.0
22.8
25.0
22.6
24.3
24.0
22.6
21.1
21.9
1931
18.4
21.9
19.8
21.5
21.8
18.5
19.6
20.0
WHEAT VARIETIES POR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
31
Other interesting new wheats are the hybrids between Fortyfold and
Hybrid 128. These are club wheats with shorter straw than either parent,
and slightly earlier in maturity than Hybrid 128. They were equally as
productive as Hybrid 128 in most of the nursery trials and considerably
better at Pendleton. One of them, No. 939, was an especially high-yielding
wheat in the nursery trials at Moro. With about equal yield these short,
stiff-strawed wheats would be preferred to Hybrid 128 in many localities
where that variety grows too tall and lodges.
SPRING WHEAT
Both winter and spring wheat are grown in Eastern Oregon. There
is usually a much larger acreage of winter wheat than of spring wheat,
the relative acreage depending considerably on whether moisture conditions in the fall are favorable for sowing winter wheat. On the average,
winter wheat will outyield spring wheat in the Columbia River Basin.
Early-sown spring wheat may yield more than winter wheat if the latter
must be planted late in dry ground and emergence does not take place
until spring.
At Moro, the fourteen-year average yield of Federation spring wheat
was 25.3 bushels per acre. For the same period, Hybrid 128 winter wheat
averaged 29.8 bushels and Kharkof 27.9 bushels per acre.
During the four-year period that plot trials have been conducted at
the Pendleton Field Station, spring-sown Federation slightly outyielded
fall-sown Federation the first three years, 1929 to 1931, inclusive. In 1932,
however, the fall-sown Federation wheat outyielded the same variety
spring-sown by more than 18 bushels per acre. The average four-year
yield of Federation when fall-sown at Pendleton was 41.2 bushels and
when spring-sown, 38.2 bushels per acre. The unusually large spread in
yield in 1932 was no doubt due to a late spring and consequent inability
to get the spring wheat seeded early.
Although fall-sown wheat usually yields more, spring-sown wheat has
the advantage of being much easier to keep free from smut. The annual
loss to winter-wheat growers in the Columbia River Basin, especially in
Umatilla county, runs into many thousands of dollars annually from smut
discounts alone. If properly treated, spring-sown wheat should rarely
contain enough smut to take a discount.
RESUL.TS AT MORO
Field plots. Table XIX shows the annual and average yield of springwheat varieties grown in replicated one-twentieth-acre plots at Moro for
the years 1921 to 1931, inclusive. Federation, Hard Federation, Onas, and
White Federation produced the highest yields of the varieties grown for
the entire period. They averaged two to three bushels per acre more than
Baart. During the five years, 1927 to 1931, Baart x Federation, C. I. No.
8254, and Baart x Federation, C. I. No. 8252, gave high yields.
Table XX contains an alphabeted list of the spring-wheat varieties
grown at Moro in field plots for four or more years with the average
yield expressed in the percentage yield of Baart for the period grown.
Nursery plots. Nursery yields for spring-wheat varieties are available for a fifteen-year period, 1917-1931, inclusive. The spring-wheat nursery at Moro contained from 75 to 100 varieties each year.
32
AGRICULTURAL EXPEkIMENT STATION BULLETIN 308
TABLE XX. SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN FIELD PLOTS AT MORO.
OREGON, FOR FOUR OR MORE YEARS WITH THE AVERAGE YIELD
OF EACH VARIETY EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE
OF THE YIELD OF BAART
C. I. No. and Variety
2407-2-1
1697
8254
8252
2511-2
2547-2
6220
2826-1
4166
2227-i
4982
4155
4734
4169
2398
1517
4733
8255
82-56
11420
11421
2669
2200-1
2203-2
1440
1516
4066
4984
4188
6221
4067
6255
2793
2346-1
3036-2
4728
2495-1
4981
2404-1
2799-2
Aulieata
Baart
Bs.art x Federation
Baart x Federation
le-dur
Ble-dur
Boadicea
Bobs
Bunyip
Chul selection
Currawa
Dale (Dale's Gloria)
Federation
Firbank
Galgalos
Chirka Spring
Hard Federation
Hard Federation selection 31
Hard Federation selection 71
Hard Federation selection 79
Hard Federation selection 82
Heines Bd. Squarehead
Karun
Koola
Kubanka
Kubanka
Little Club
Major
Marquis
Onas
Pacific Bluestem
Red Bobs
Rieti
Saumur
Sonora
Sunset
TsJi,nka
White Federation
Yantaghay
Zocatecas
Period grown
1913-16
1910-31
1927-31
1927-31
1910-19
1910-13
1921-26
1913-27
1921-26
1914-18
1921-28
1911-14
1918-81
1921-25
1910-12 ;1917-19
1913-16
1918-31
1927-21
1926-31
1927-31
1927-31
1911-16
1911-19
1911-19
1910-19
1913-18
1910-26
1921-28
1913-31
1921-31
1913-31
1920-26
1911-16
1914-18
1913-20
1921-26
1911-19
1919-81
1913-19
1911-16
Number
of years
grown
4
22
5
5
10
4
6
15
6
5
8
4
14
5
6
4
14
5
6
5
5
6
9
9
10
6
17
8
19
11
21
7
6
5
8
6
9
13
7
6
Yield in
percentage
of Baart
91.2
100.0
113.0
108.0
73.6
56.8
105.1
103.7
107.2
92.3
106.6
58.0
117.1
100.0
86.8
79.8
119.0
104.0
111.0
107.0
106.0
101.1
107.1
114.9
69.7
74.1
90.7
111.1
98.0
118.0
100.0
91.1
86.6
103.7
90.0
111.9
108.0
111.8
94.2
90.7
Table XXI gives a list of the spring-wheat varieties grown at Moro
in nursery trials in 1931 that have been grown for four or more years,
with the average yield of each variety for the period grown and a percentage comparison with Baart.
Federation and Currawa gave the highest average yields of the springwheat varieties grown for a considerable number of years. Both varieties
produced 118.9 percent of Baart for the same years. Onas and White
Federation yielded 118.0 and 113.5 percent of Bart, respectively. Onas
gave good results for the years 1920 to 1931. Major and an unnamed
variety from India also produced high yields during the fifteen-year trial.
Several new varieties gave high yields for the last five or six years
of the trial. Currawa, selection 1, leads the list with 124.6 percent of Baart
for the years grown. The two selections from Bunyip and a selection
from Baart x Federation produced good yields during the period from 1927
to 1931, inclusive.
33
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
TABLE XXI. AVERAGE YIELDS OF SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES AND THE
YEARS GROWN IN NURSERY ROWS AT MORO, OREGON
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
Years
grown
Average
acreyield5
Yield in
percent.
age
of Eaart
Bushels
1697
8254
1024
4166
1039
4982
4784
Baart
Baart x Federation
Baart x Federation
Bunyip
Bunyip selection 2
Bunyip selection 3
Bunyip x Canberra
Currawa
Currawa selection 1
Currawa selection 5-1
Federation
Federation selection 6
Federation selection 12
Federation selection 37
Federation selection 40
Federation selection 42
Federation selection 86
Federation selection 127
Federation selection 133
Federation selection 143
Federation selection 165
Federation selection 175
Federation selection 170
Federation selection 181
11385 Galgalos No. 39
4171 Glu.yas Early
4733 Hard Federation
8255 Hard Federation selection 31
Hard Federation selection 60
8256 Hard Federation selection 71
11420 Hard Federation selection 79
11421 Hard Federation selection 82
20150B5-3-3-1 Hard Federation x Husar
1027 Hard Federation x Kota
4546 Indian Wheat
5177
4066
4984
4158
1035
1040
1042
1048
1048
1031
.Jenkin
.Jenkin selection 14
Little Club
Major
Marquis
Marquis x Bobs
Marquis x Hard Federation
Marquis x Hard Federation
Marquis x Hard Federation
Marquis x Hard Federation
Marquis x Sunset
6855 Nabawa
6857 Narrogin selection 13C
6221 Ones
8854 Red Bobs No. 222
4241 Red Chaff
7370
4728
8026
5003
6663
4981
1005
Reliance
Sunset
Supreme
Triumph
Wandilla
White Federation
White Odessa x Hard Federation
7320 Unnamed
19 17-81
1922-28 ;1930-31
1926-31
1917-31
1928-31
1926-31
1927-31
1917-3 1
1926-31
1927-31
19 17-31
1927-31
1927-3 1
1927-3 1
1927-3 1
1927-31
1927-31
1927-31
1927-31
1927-3 1
1927-31
1927-81
1927-31
1927-31
1924-28 1930-31
1917-22
19 17-3 1
1928-3 1
1928-3 1
1923-3 1
1923-31
1923-31
1928-31
1926-3 1
1917-3 1
1928-31
192 8-31
192 3-3 1
1917-3 1
192 3-3 1
1927-31
1927-3 1
1927-3 1
1927-31
1927-3 1
19 26-3 1
1926-281930-31
192 6-3 1
192 1-31
1928-3 1
1922-31
19 26-81
1917-3 1
192 7-31
1927-81
1926-28 1980-31
1917-31
1928-31
1926-31
18.5
23.0
22.4
19.7
20.3
22.6
22.0
22.0
23.9
21.7
22.0
22.9
24.4
21.4
21.9
21.5
20.3
22.0
22.3
19.4
19.6
18.4
18.8
19.5
18.4
15.0
19.4
21.3
21.1
21.3
22.5
21.9
16.2
17.8
20.5
15.1
17.4
18.7
20.5
17.5
19.0
21.0
18.0
19.9
18.4
18.4
20.8
21.6
23.5
13.3
19.6
16.8
18.7
16.6
15.9
22.5
21.0
13.9
17.4
100.0
110.0
117.8
106.5
115.3
118.8
117.0
118.9
124.6
116.4
118.9
121.8
129.8
118.8
116.6
114.4
108.6
117.0
118.6
103.2
104.8
97.9
100.0
103.7
96.8
97.4
104.9
103.9
102.9
103.9
109.8
106.8
92.0
93.2
110.8
85.8
98.9
91.2
110.8
85.4
101.1
111.7
100.5
105.9
97.9
96.3
107.2
113.1
118.0
75.6
99.0
88.0
101.1
88.1
84.6
116.0
113.5
79.0
91.1
* Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
Although some of the spring-wheat varieties have outyielded Federa-
tion during the later years of the trial, it will be necessary to test them
further before their value can be definitely established.
TABLE XXII. ANNUAL AND AVERAGE YIELDS OF SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN TRIPLICATED ONE-TWENTIETH-Ac1RE
PLOTS AT PENDLETON, ORHGON, 1929-1932
4714 Federation
6221 Onas
4981 White Federation
8255 Hard Federation selection
11421 Hard Federation selection
1697 Baart
8254 Baart x Federation
4168 Marquis
7370 Reliance
3663 Dicklow
5177 Jenkin
31.
82
Two-year
average
1929
1930
1931
1932
Average
period
grown
(1931-1932)
Bus hel8
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
43.3
43.3
37.5
37.4
39.7
41.3
40.9
43.5
42.8
35.4
37.4
34.1
39.8
29.8
28.9
24.7
30.8
28.5
29.7
24.5
26.0
25.6
25.3
23.3
21.0
38.2
08.2
36.9
33.8
34.0
32.8
33.9
29.1
28.5
28.8
28.1
34.9
34.1
36.6
32.0
33.6
29.8
02.9
27.7
28.5
28.8
28.1
Yield in bushels per acre
C. 1. No. and Variety
87.9
36.0
34.8
34.5
32.0
8L7
84.2
35.1
[34]
Yield in
percentage of
Federation
100.0
100.0
97.9
89.7
93.2
85.9
89.9
79.7
81.7
82.5
80.5
35
WHEAT VARIETIES FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
RESULTS AT PENDLETON
Field plots. Results are available for the years 1929 to 1932, inclqsive,
for several spring-wheat varieties grown in replicated plot trials. Onas
is the only variety to equal the yield of Federation for the four years
Federation is grown extensively in Uniatilla county from both fall and
spring sowings. While Onas has yielded as well as Federation it is not
so resistant to cold, and therefore is less safe for fall seeding.
Table XXII gives the annual and average yields of spring-wheat vaneties grown in field plots in the years 1929-1932, inclusive.
Nursery plots. A small spring-wheat nursery was seeded near Pendleton in 1923 and continued for an eight-year period. No yields were obtained in 1927. For the eight years grown, Onas ranks first with an
average yield of 36.1 bushels per acre, or nearly 4 bushels per acre more
than the yield of Federation. The two Baart x Federation selections produced high yields for a shorter period.
Table XXIII gives the average yields of spring-wheat varieties grown
near Pendleton in the years 1923-1926 and 1928-1931, inclusive.
TABLE XXIII. AVERAGE YIELDS OF SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN
NURSERY ROWS NEAR PF.NDLETON. OREGON, 1923-1926 AND
1928-1931. INCLUSiVE
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
4734
4981
Federation
1024
Baart x Federation
Bunyip selection 3
Period
grown
1923-1926 1928-1931
White Federation
1923-19261928-1931
4733 Hard Federation
1923-1926 1928-1931
6221 Onas
1923-1926 ;1928-1981
1697 Baart
1923-1926 ;1928-1981
1923-1926 ;1928-1931
4984 Major
4158 Marquis
1923-1926 ;1928-1929 ;1931
8255 Hard Federation selection 31
1925-1926 1928-1981
11420 Hard Federation selection 79 1925-1926 ;1928-1929 1931
11421 Hard Federation selection 82
1925-1926 1928-1931
8254 Baart x Federation
1925-1926 ;1928-1931
Currawa selection 1
1926 ;1928-1931
1930-193 1
1933-193 1
Average
acreyield*
Yield in
percentage
of
Federation
Bu*hels
%
32.4
32.3
31.7
36.1
30.2
32.0
27.4
29.9
28.4
28.8
34.5
53.7
32.4
38.0
100.0
99.7
97.8
111.4
93.2
98.8
87.5
93.7
94.4
88.7
108.2
103.4
81.0
95.0
* Average yields are comparable only when grown for the same period.
RESULTS WITH SPRING WHEAT AT OUTLYING NURSERIES
Table XXIV lists twelve spring-wheat varieties with a nine-year
average yield at Moro, a six-year average yield at Kent and Pendleton,
a four-year average yield at Eightinile and Lexington, and a three-year
average at Maupin. and Condon, or a total of thirty-nine nursery years.
Onas, Federation, and Baart x Federation, C. I. No. 8254, produced
the highest yields in these nurseries for the years grown. The average
yields of the varieties were 23.1, 22.1 and 21.9 bushels per acre, respectively.
An average weight per bushel for a three-year period at each nursery
is also given in Table XXIV. Baart and the Hard Federation selections
had the highest average weights per bushel. Although Onas produced a
TABLE XXIV. AVERAGE ACRE YIELDS. IN BUSHELS, OF 12 SPRING-WHEAT VARIETIES GROWN IN 7 LOCALITIES IN
EASTEBN OREGON
C. I. or Nursery No. and Variety
6221
8254
4734
4981
4984
11421
11420
1697
8255
Onas
Baart x Federation
Federation
White Federation
Major
Hard Federation, selection 82
Hard Federation, selection 79
Baart
Hard Federation, selection 31
4733 Hard Federation
4067 Pacific Bluestem
4158
Marquis
nine-year
average
Kent
six-year
average
Maupin
three-year
average
three-year
average
Eightmiie
four-year
average
Lexington
four-year
average
Pendleton
six-year
average
Average
all
nurseries
Average
weight per
Bushels
Bushels
Bu.shçls
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Bushels
Pou,uJ
24.8
22.2
22.0
22.0
20.9
21.9
22.5
20.5
21.3
18.8
20.1
17.5
23.7
23.3
22.7
24.3
25.3
24.9
24.4
22.9
21.4
21.2
24.1
22.1
18.2
19.0
17.0
21.2
19.4
21.7
18.1
20.6
20.4
19.6
19.4
19.5
17.8
18.7
17.0
18.2
18.8
17.8
15.0
16.1
15.5
18.9
17.0
18.3
21.3
17.0
20.1
16.7
16.1
17.2
17.9
13.1
14.7
35.1
23.1
22.1
21.9
21.8
21.4
21.2
21.0
20.5
20.4
19.7
18.7
18.2
56.0
57.2
56.8
58.5
56.5
69.6
59.4
Moro
16.8
15.0
15.7
16.5
16.7
15.1
16.3
12.4
14.0
[36]
Condon
59.7
19.3
20.4
17.0
18.8
17.0
34.5
31.9
32.4
82.3
28.8
28.7
29.1
29.9
31.7
26.0
26.5
bushel
591
59.6
58.2
57.1
58.8
WHEAT VARIETIEs OR THE Coi,uMBIA RIVER BASIN
37
high average yield, its weight per bushel was low. None of the springwheat varieties averaged sixty pounds per bushel, while most of the
winter wheats at the same locations in the same years averaged Sixty
pounds or more per bushel.
In the field-plot trials at Moro, Onas and the three Federation vaieties averaged highest in yield. Federation is now the leading spring
wheat in Eastern Oregon. From fall and spring seeding, it ranked first
in total production in Oregon in 1930. Judging from the yields in the
outlying nurseries, White Federation has a wider adaptation than Hard
Federation. Federation is a slightly higher yielder tha either of them
on the average. The Hard Federation selections apparently have no advantage over White Federation, except in weight per bushel. Hard Federation, White Federation, and the Hard Federation selections have hard
white kernels of good milling quality.
I
OREGON STATE BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION.
HON. C. L. STARR, President
Portland
The Dallas
Medford (Resigned)
HON. E. C. PEASE
7
7
HON. ALBERT BUSCH
HON. E. C. SAMMONS
HON. B. F. IRVINE
Portland
Portland
Portland
Canyon City
LaGrande
Albany
HON. C. C. COLT
HON. HERMAN OLIVER
HON. CORNELIA MARVIN PIERCE.
HON. F. H. CALLISTEE.
DR. E. E. LINDSAY, Executive Secretary
Salem
STAFF OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Staff snenbers mas-ke4 * are United States Department of Agriculture
investigators stationed in Oregon.
W. J. KERR, D.Sc., LL.D.
Chancellor of Higher Education; President of the College
WM. A. SCHOENFRLD, B.S.A., M.B.A
Director
Vice-Director
H. S. BESSE, M.S
Agricultural Economics
M. N. NELSON, Ph.D
W. H. DREESEN, Ph.D
F. E. PRICE, B.S
C. J. HUED, B.S
G. H. HYSLOP, B.S
K. N. BRESSMAN, Ph.D
Agricultural Economist in Charge
Agricultural Economist
Agricultural Engineering
Agricultural Engineer
Assistant Agricultural Engineer
Agronomy
Agronomist in Charge
Associate Agronomist
H. A. SCHOTH, M.S.Assoc. Agronomist, Disease Investigation (Forage Crops)
D. D. Hru5 M.S
Associate Agronomist
B. B. ROBINSON, Ph.D. Ass't Plant Breeder (Fiber FIER mv.) Bur. of P1. Ind.
GRACE C. FLEISCHMAN, A.B
Ass't Botanist, Seed Laboratory (Seed Analyst) *
E. L. POTTER, MS.
0. M. NELSON, M.S
A. W. OLIVER, M.S
G. V. COPSON, M.S
J. K. SIMMONS, M.S
W. B. BOLLEN, Ph.D
J. S. JONES, M.S.A
R. H. ROBINsoN, MS
J. H. HAAG, Ph.D
j
K. BULLIS, M.S
M. B. HATCH, B.S
P. M. RRANDT, AM
G. WILSTER, Ph.D
I. R. JONES, Ph.D
D. C. MOTE, Ph.D
0. LARSON. M.S
G. THOMPSON. M.S
F. G. HINMAN M.5
S. C.
M.S
K. W. GRAY. B.S
W. D. EDWARDS, B.S
H. K. DIMICSC, M.S
H. D. SCUDDER, B.S
K. SF.LBY, M.S
H. W. KUHLMAN, M.S
A. S. BUIcIIIER, M.S
Animal Husbandry
Animal Husbandmalf in Charge
Animal Husbandman
Assistant Animal Husbandman
Bacteriology
Bacteriologist in Charge
Associate Bacteriologist
Assistant Bacteriologist
Chemistry
Chemist in Charge
Chemist (Insecticides and Fungicides)
Chemist (Animal Nutrition)
Assistant Chemist (Horticultural Products)
Assistant Chemist
Dairy Husbandry
Dairy Husbandman in Charge
Dairy Husbandman (Dairy Manufacturing)
Associate Dairy Husbandman
Entomology
Entomologist in Charge
Entomologist, Stored Products Insects
Assistant Entomologist
Junjor Entomologist, Stored Products Inseets
Assistant Entomologist
Field Assistant (Entomology)
Field Assistant (Entomology)
Assistant Entomologist
Farm Management
Economist in Charge (Farm Management)
Associate Economist (Farm Management)
Associate Economist (Farm Management)
Associate Economist (Farm Management)
(Continued on next page)
Home Economics
Home Economist
MAUD WILSoN. M.A
Horticulture
W. S. BROWN, D.Sc
A. G. BouQulrr, M.S
E. H. WIEGAND, B.S
H. HAJSTMAN, M.S
J
C. E. SCHUSTER, M.S
G. F. WALCO, M.S
B. F. DANA, M.S
J. C. MOORE. M.S
F. A. CuTasgar, M.L.D
B. S. PICKHTT. M.S
COOTER
Horticulturist in Charge
Horticulturist (Vegetable Crops)
Horticulturist (Horticultural Products)
Horticulturist (Pomology)
Horticulturistt
Assistant Pomologistt
Pathologist, Horticultural Crops and Diseasest
Assistant Horticulturist (Pomology)
Assistant Landscape Architect
Assistant Horticulturist (Pomology)
Orchard Foreman
Plant Pathology
H. P. BARSS, S.M
S. M. ZELLER, Ph.D
F. D. BAILEY, M.S
F, P. MCWHORTER. Ph.D
L. N. GOODDING. BA., B.S
P. W. MILLER, Ph.D
G. R. HORRNER, M.S
T. P. DYKSTRA, .M.5
R. SPRAGUE, Ph.D
H. H. MxLLSAp
Plant Pathologist in Charge
Plant Pathologist
Associate Plant Pathologistt
Pathologist
Associate Pathologist5
Associate Pathologistt
Agent Office of Drugs and Related Plantst
Assistant Plant Pathologistt
Assistant Pathologistt
Agent, Bureau of Plant Industryt
Poultry Husbandry
Poultry Husbandman in Charge
Poultry Husbandman
Associate Poultry Husbandman
A. G. LUNN. B.S
F. L. KNowLTON, M.5
F. E. Fox, M.S
Publications and News Service
Director of Information
Editor of Publications
Associate Editor of Publications
Associate in News Service
C. D. BYRNE, M.S
K. T. REED, B.S.. A.B
D. M. GOODE, B.A
J. C. BURTNER, 5.5
Soil Science
Soil Scientist in Charge
W. L. POWERS, Ph.D
Soil Scientist (Fertility)
C. V. RUZEK. M.S
M. H. LEWIS, C.E Irrigation and Drainage Engineer, Bur. of Ag') Engineeringt
Associate Soil Scientist
B. E. STEPhENSON. Ph.D
Assistant Soil Scientist (Soil Survey)
K. F. TORGERSON, B.S
B. T. SIMMS, D.V.M
W. T. JOHNSON. D.V.M
J. N. SHAW, D.V.M.
R. JAY, D.V.M
M. DICKINSON. D.V..M
M. BOLIN, D.V.M
0. H. MUTH, D.V.M
0.
a
a
Veterinarian in Charge
Poultry Pathologist
Associate Veterinarian
Associate Veterinarian, Bur. of Anim. md.t
Assistant Poultry Pathologist
Assistant Veterinarian Cooperative Agentt
Assistant Veterinarian; Cooperative Agent5
Technician, Veterinary Medicine
Branch Stations
D. E. STEPHENS, B.S..Supt. Sherman Co. Br. Expt. Sta., Moro; Sr. Agronomistt
Superintendent Hood River Br. Expt. Station, Hood River
F. C. REIMEX, M.S Superintendent Southern Oregon Br. Expt. Station, Talent
D. E. RICHARDS, B.S Superintendent, Eastern Oregon Br. Expt. Sta., Union
Superintendent Umstilla Br. Expt. Station. Hermiston
H. K. DEAN. 5.S
Superintendent Harney Valley Br. Expt. Station, Burns
0. SHATTUCK, M.S
Supt. John Jacob Astor Br. Expt. Sta., Astoria
A. E. ENGBRETSON, 13 5
Acting Supt., Pendleton Field Station;
G. A. MITCHELL, B S
Asst. Agronomist, Div. of Dry Land Agr.5 (Pendleton)
Asso. Jrrig. Engineer, Bur. of Ag'l Eng'gt (Medford)
A. WORSt, B.S
G. C. 5ROWN, A.B., B.S Horticulturiat, Hood River Br. Expt. Sta., Hood River
Asst. Horticulturist, Bur. of P1. md.t (Medford)
W. W. ALDRICH. Ph.D
L. G. 0. GENTNER, M.S...Associate Entomologist, So. Or. Br. Expt. Ste., Talent
Jr.
Agronomist, Div. of Cer. Cr. and Dis.t (Moro)
J. F. MARTIN, M.S
Assistant to Supt., Sherman Co. Br. Expt. Sta., Moro
M. M. OVESON, M.S
Jr.
Agronomist,
Sherman Co. Br. Expt Stationt (Moro)
R. B. WEBB, B.S
B. K. Hu'rcHrsoN, B.S...Asst. to Supt. of Harney Valley Br. Rapt. Sta., Burns
L. CHILDS, A.B
D.
I
L. Sgsacy. B.S
Veterinary Medicine
C. GILLESPIE. M.S Asgt. Entomologist, Hood River Br. Expt. Sta., Hood River