MAY 1934
STATION BULLETIN 322
Some Diseases of Oregon
Fish and Game
AND
Identification of Parts of
Game Animals
Agricultural Experiment Station
Oregon State Agricultural College
CORVALLIS
SUMMARY
Parasites have been found in every important species of game fish which occurs in
Oregon.
In most instances these parasites do no ser-
ious damage if they are present in only
small numbers.
Some of the fish-eating birds are carriers of
parasites which live a part of their lives in
fish. Such birds may severely contaminate
lakes and streams.
Since the life cycles of many of the parasites
of fish are unknown, further studies are
necessary if methods of control are to be
worked out.
Parasites may become so numerous as to
cause poor condition and losses among
deer.
While other diseases of deer are known to
exist in Oregon, they are seldom found.
Sportsmen finding diseased or parasitic'ed fish
or game are requested to forward specimens for
examination and study. Such specimens should be
either packed in ice or preserved in 5 per cent for-
maldeli'vdc solution and shipped to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon A
letter should be sent to the same address, giving
iiformotion as to the origin and t'vpe of material.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
5
PARASITES OF FISH
5
The salmon poisoning fluke
Parasites of fish in Elk Lake
Rainbows
Cutthroat trout
Steelhead trout
Chinook salmon
Silverside salmon
Trash fish
PARASITES OF FISH-EATING BIRDS
5
10
14
15
16
18
18
20
20
Fish-eating birds
20
PARASITES OFDEER
20
OTHER DISEASES OF DEER
22
Abscesses
22
Warts
22
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF GAME ANIMALS
22
Figure 1. So-called salmon-poisoning fluke. (Mag. bOx.)
2"
igure 2. Snail used by salmon-poisoning fluke in its life cycle.
Some Diseases of Oregon Fish and Game
AND
Identification of Parts of Game Anima1s
By
J. N. SHAW, B. T. SIMMS, and 0. H. MOTH
INTRODUCTION
bulletin reports results of studies of problems concerned with
diseases of Oregon fish and game which have been conducted by the
THIS
Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Oregon Agricultural
Experiment Station in cooperation with the Oregon State Game Commission. Some of this work was undertaken as early as 1925.
Beginning in June 1932 the Oregon State Game Commission has budgeted $300 per annum to be used by the department in studying parasites
of fish and other disease problems.
The mere finding of parasites in fish and game should not be reason
for condemnation for food. All of our meat-producing animals serve as
hosts for parasites.
PARASITES OF FISH
The salmon poisoning fluke (Nanophyetus salmincola Chapin). This
is the parasite which occurs most frequently in game fish of Western
-Oregon.
The mature
worm (Figure 1) has
been found in the intestines of dogs, foxes,
coyotes,
bear,
mink,
hogs, house cats, and
bobcats. In dogs, foxes,
and coyotes it burrows
into the wall of the intestine and transmits
the disease known as
salmon poisoning.t This
I
Figure 3. Salmon-poisoning fluke cyst in fish muscle.
(Meg. 90x.)
malady is known to attack only animals belonging to the dog family. The mature worm
living in the intestine is
about 1/30 to 1/50 inch
long. It lays eggs which
pass out with the droppings.
If such eggs are kept
in water they hatch in from 60 to 130 days, depending upon the temperature. The newly hatched worm lives only a day or two unless it can at5Acknowledgements: Thanks are due Mr. M. F. Ryckmau and many other employees
of the Oregon State Game Commission for assistance rendered in these studies.
fStudie-s of salmon poisonitig conducted by the Department of Veterinary Medicine of
the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station have resulted in the development of a method
of immunizing dogs against this disease.
5
6
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
tack the snail, Gonisbasis plicif era var. silicula (Gould) (Figure 2), which is
prevalent in most of the clear rapid Streams of 'Western Oregon. This
snail is known locally by the name of periwinkle."
Figure 4. Larval tapeworms from Elk Lake fish. (Meg. 3z.)
Within the snail host the young worm changes its form and develops
a large number of parasites. Some individual snails have been found to
contain more than 80,000 of these new forms. When these forms escape
from the snail, they may attack any Oregon fish of the salmon or trout
family.
The organisms burrow through the skin of the fish and coil up as
small cysts (Figure 3). These cysts are a little less than 1/100 inch in
diameter. They are found in practically every part of the fish. In young
SOME DISEASES OF OREGON FISH AND GAME
7
fry they are most numerous in the muscles or flesh, their favorite sites
being the muscles of the eyeballs, the jaws, and the tail. in larger fish
they are most plentiful in the kidneys.
Complete counts of these parasites in individual fish have revealed
almost unbelievable numbers. More than 14,000 were found in a cutthroat
trout, less than five inches long, caught in Oak Creek near Corvallis. There
J
Figure 5. Fluke from rainbow trout of Diamond Lake. (Ma1j. 25x.)
were 386 cysts in the muscles of the two eyeballs and 1,739 in the kidney
tissue. This fish was apparently healthy. In another instance 2,676 cysts
were counted in about 1/500 ounce of kidney tissue from a fourteen-inch
cutthroat trout caught from the Big Elk River. This fish was fat and
appeared normal.
It seems probable that such large numbers of parasites would injure
the infested fish. Studies of this possibility have been conducted both
through examining sick and dying fish from hatcheries and through infesting fish with these parasites under experimental conditions in the laboratory.
At one hatchery where severe losses had occurred for several years,
both eastern brook and rainbow trout had died. This hatchery was kept
under observation for seeral years. On the first visit to this hatchery it
was found that both eastern brook and rainbow trout were dying in fairly
large numbers. The fish that were not visibly sick were inactive and the
hatchery superintendent said they were not eating well. Examination
8
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
showed large numbers of encysted parasites in these fish but actual counts
were not made. During later seasons more complete studies were possible.
At one time when rainbow were dying in sufficient numbers to cause
alarm, counts of parasites in two fish, each of which was approximately
two inches long, revealed 67 and 87 parasites respectively.
Figure 6. Parasitic Copepoda from rainbow trout. (Mae. lOx.)
Another year the fish in the ponds at this hatchery were observed
several times. Brook trout which had been placed in the ponds in April
were quite active and normal in appearance in June. At this time four fish,
with an average length of about 1 inches, were examined. Cysts were
found in the following numbers: 55, 70, 77, and 106. About a month later
these fish began dying, while the rainbow at the same hatchery remained
in good condition. Many of the affected fish were either popeyed," "sway
backed" or pot-bellied." Microscopic examinations for parasites showed
an average of about 420 each in sick brook trout about 1 inches long and
about 270 each in healthy rainbow trout which were a little less than 1
inches long.
Figure 7. Parasites in muscles of cutthroat trout.
10
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIrIENT STATION BULLETIN 322
Laboratory studies were made by placing young fish and infested
snails in small tanks and observing the results. In one experiment young
rainbow were exposed to very severe infestation. On the eighteenth day
following exposure examination of three fish, all of which were slightly
under two inches in length, showed an average of 1,427 parasites per fish.
The remaining fry in the tank were held for 90 days with no deaths and no
indications of any disturbance.
--
Figure 8. Parasites in skin of silverside salmon.
In another test brook trout about two and one-half inches long were
exposed in the laboratory by placing infested snails in the tank with
them. Twenty-five days later 246 parasites were found in one fish and 316
in another. No further counts were made but the snails remained in the
tank with the fish for another thirty days. The remaining fish of this
group were held for four months after the examinations showed they were
heavily parasitized. They remained healthy and grew as rapidly as another
group not exposed to these flukes.
While these observations and experiments do not prove that the
salmon poisoning parasite is never injurious to fish, they do show that all
three species of trout which are being reared and planted by the Oregon
State Game Commission can remain in good health when they are harboring large numbers of the salmon-poisoning fluke. It is, of course, quite
possible that severe infestation with the parasite in question may result
in a slower rate of growth than normal. Further studies of this problem
are under way.
Parasites of fish in Elk Lake. During the summer of 1929 the department was requested to help in the solution of a disease problem causing
Figure 9. Parasites in abdomen of silverside salmon.
12
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
heavy losses in the eastern brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell) in Elk
Lake. Investigations proved the losses to be due to a larval tapeworm
(Figure 4) and further studies incriminated a new bird host and three new
fish hosts. Parasitized fish were found in other lakes of the same region
and the game commission was advised of the possibilities of new outbreaks. Methods of control seemed to be successful in reducing losses
although last summer two lots of fish examined -proved to be quite
Figure 10. Tapeworm cysts in liver of deer.
thoroughly infested. On a visit to the lake at that time several dead fish
were found in the water close to the shore. The life cycle of the parasite
responsible for these losses had been previously quite thoroughly worked
out. It was named Dibothriuni cordiceps (Leidy) 1871 and was found in cutthroat trout Salnio ciarkzi clarksj (Richardson) in Yellowstone Lake as early
as 1871. In the case of the Yellowstone Lake studies the Pelican, I'e/ecanus
erithrovnchas, was proved as a bird host. In the studies of the Elk Lake losses
the gull, Larns californ.icus, was proved as a carrier of the mature tapeworm.
Larval forms were found in the eastern brook trout in Elk Lake and in
eastern brook trout, rainbow ti-out, and silvei-side salmon in some of tbe
other lakes. 1vVork should be done to determine just how the parasite gets
from the tapeworm egg, discharged from the gull, to the fishprobably
through some lower form of animal life such as a copepod crustacean
being used for food by the fish. Young fry planted in the lake one month
previously were found quite thoroughly infested. Other possible bird
hosts should be investigated and if found kept from spreading the eggs
in the lakes. During the year one of the Bureau of Animal Industry workers expressed the opinion that little or no difference existed between the
Elk Lake tapeworm and the broad tapeworm Diphyllobo!hriutn latuiit (Cob-
II Fill I'
Figure
I
I '1' IlIFIi[...II..I Ill
I. Tapeworm cysts in muscles of deer.
l
II ill
III' I
14
ACRICI-L'I'URAL EXPERIMENT STATtON BULLETIN 322
bald) 1858. This broad tapeworm infests man, dogs, and bear. It was with
this in mind that one dog was fed 70 larval forms. At the end of one month
no tapeworms could be found. Feeding a dog and a racoon at a previous
time had given negative results.
Figure 12. Tapeworm from dog fed tapeworm cysts from deer. (Mae. 92x.)
'Rainbows (Sainto irideus gairdneri Gibbons). Rainbow trout sent in from
Diamond Lake were in very poor condition. Upon examination it was
found that the entire intestine was inflamed. This inflammation was evidently
caused by a small fluke (Figure 5) which was present in large numbers in
the fish that were in poor condition, but could not be found in a rainbow
from the same scurce that was in good condition. The stomachs of most
of the other fish contained specimens of fresh-water snails, which may
be capable of acting as hosts for this fluke. It is possible and probable that
SOME DISEASES OF OREGON Fisis AND GAME
15
the flukes were obtained from the water in the vicinity where the snails
were obtained for food. No examinations were made of the lake but if
the condition continues some means of destroying the snails may have to
be found.
This fluke, Crepedosloinurn coo pen, was also foi.tnd in Dolly Varden trout
and rainbow from the McKenzie and from eastern brook trout from Elk
Lake. The Dolly Varden, Salve!inits moirna speclabilis (Girard), and the
r
Fig 13. Abscesses in rabbit injected with pus from deer.
eastern brook trout were apparently in good condition, but the rainbow,
a 14-inch fish, was so nearly dead that it was caught by hand. At the time
it was thought that perhaps the salmon-poisoning fluke was responsible,
but possibly this intestinal fluke is a serious parasite in this particular
species of fish. Encysted forms of this fluke have been found in crawfish
and immature forms have been reported as occurring in May flies,
Hexagenia.
On April 28, 1933, this laboratory received fish parasites for identifica-
tion from Dr. Hibbard of Harney county. These parasites (Figure 6)
removed from the gills of trout caught in Kerger Creek proved to be
parasitic copepoda, Lern.acopoda beani ('Wilson). The fish from hich the
parasites were removed were in good shape, as Dr. Hibbard reported, but
it is known that members of this group of parasites are capable of causing
heavy losses, especially in pond fish. This same parasite was found in
rainbows from Umatilla county.
Cutthroat trout. Specimens of cutthroat trout were received from
Squaw Lake in Jackson county that were infested with a larva' for,ii of a
16
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
round worm that grows to maturity in the intestine of some fish-eating
birds such as the heron. These larval worms (Figure 7) are found in bleblike cysts under the skin in the muscles of the fish. The worms are about
one inch in length and dark red in color. The mature form reaches a length
of two inches. Just how much damage to the health of the fish these
parasites cause is not definitely known, but they certainly make the fish
undesirable for human consumption. These same parasites have been very
Figure 14. Warts on deer.
common in cutthroats from the Alsea and have also been found in spawning silversides from the Wilson River in Tillamook county. The name
of this parasite is Eustrongylides sp.
Steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri irideus Gibbons). During the winter of
1932-33 a good many steelhead trout taken from the Alsea river in Lincoln
county were found infested with thorn-headed worms. These parasites
present in the digestive tract were next to flukes in numbers and frequency
of infestation. They were also present in chinooks and steelheads taken
from the mouth of the Rogue River, so are undoubtedly obtained by the
fish while at sea. Just how serious this parasite is to the fish is not definitely
known.
On .Xprtl 26, 1933, young steelbeads two inches long were received
froni the Roaring River Hatchery. These fish were infested with an externat parasitic flat worm Gyrodactylus (Von Nordmann) 1912. The worms
were found attached to the fins and succeeded in producing a ragged frayed
appearance. The Hatchery foreman reported heavy losses during the
winter months.
11
F
NIL
Figure 15. Deer hair compared with hair of dog, goat, and cow. The largest hair is that
of deer.
17
18
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawylscha Walbaum). Chinook salmon taken from the mouth of the Rogue River and from the Siletz River
some three miles from the mouth were quite heavily parasitized. In the
intestines of the Chinook from the Rogue River was found a nematode,
Conlracaecuns spiculigerum (Raillet and Henry), which has also been found
in a pelican from Crane Prairie dam. A closely related specimen was found
in a silverside salmon, Oncorhynchus kisuich (Walbaum), taken from the
Wilson River. This parasite lives in the stomach and intestines of fisheating birds, fish-eating mammals, and fish. To what extent this parasite
damages the salmon is not definitely known.
Figure 16. Scapula or shoulder blade of elk (left) compared with scapula of cow (right).
Silverside salmon. In November 1932 a specimen of silverside salmon
was brought in. This fish, weighing six pounds, was caught on hook and
line and was apparently in good flesh. When taken into the boat it was
found to be suffering with some disease of the skin. Examination of pimple-like growths on the skin (Figure 8) revealed a very small parasite,
a protozoan. This parasite has been reported from pond fishes and fish
from inland waters and it is said to be quite damaging to pond fishes.
Just how common this parasite is or how serious a pest it is to the fish is
not known. Here again the fish had become unfit for food because of the
unsightly appearance. The name of this parasite is Myn-obolus squamue
(Keysselitz).
Silverside salmon, six inches long and cutthroat trout taken on fly
in Mercer Lake in Lane county, March 24, 1933, were thoroughly infested
with a round worm two inches in length. These worms were found in the
abdomen (Figure 9) and they apparently were not causing any immediate
Figure 17. Bones of fore limb of deer compared with bones of fore limb of goat. The longer
limb is that of deer.
19
20
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
damage. The salmon were the most thoroughly infested? out of 10
containing worms. The cutthroats were only slightly infested as only one
worm was found in 17 fish. This same parasite was found in cutthroat
and steelbead trout taken in the Alsea and Big Elk rivers in Benton county
during the winter. The cptthroats from the Big Elk contained large numbers and were in poor condition. Other cutthroats taken at the same time
were in good condition.
Trash fish. Only a few so-called trash fish have been examined. One
squaw fish from the Willamette proved to be free from parasites and six
suckers from Klamath Lake contained two different kinds of fluke. The
Klamath Lake suckers were sent in for examination by a man wishing
to know whether they contained parasites capable of being transmitted
to foxes. An effort was made to locate salmon-poisoning flukes but none
existed. Up to the present, this parasite has never been found in a so-called
trash fish. Numerous leech were found attached to the larger suckers. All
were filled with blood and no doubt were causing some damage.
PARASITES OF FISH-EATING BIRDS
Fish-eating birds. On June 10, 1932, a Blue heron that had been killed
in one of the ponds at the Roaring River Hatchery was brought to the
laboratory. This bird was killed at 4:30 in the morning. In its stomach
were found 8 eastern brook trout varying in size from 2 to.8 inches. Three
of the eight fish were 8 inches long. No parasites could be found.
On August 31, 1932, Sergeant Hearing of the Oregon State Police of
Coos county sent a heron to the laboratory for examination. This bird
had a stomach well filled with catfish fry. Some 109 two-inch catfish could
be counted and possibly that many more had undergone digestion to such
an extent that counting was impossible. This bird had been destroyed
while feeding in a private lake where catfish had been recently planted.
No parasites were found in this bird.
At various times during the past several years other fish-eating birds
have been examined. Some parasites were present but none of any considerable importance were found. Birds examined included Mergansers,
pelicans, king fishers, cormorants, grebes, and gulls.
PARASITES OF DEER
(Odocoileus coluinbianus)
During the spring of 1928 the State Veterinarian brought in the carcass
of a deer found in Douglas county. This deer was very thoroughly parasitized. Some six internal parasites were found and two external. No doubt
the parasites were responsible for the poor condition of the animal. Of the
internal parasites found, two were common parasites of sheep, goats, and
cattle. The small stomach worm, Oslertagia c&cuncincta, is especially bad
in Oregon sheep and goats. The liver tapeworm, Thy.canosonia aclinoides, is
not uncommon in our sheep. In considering parasites of deer it must be
remembered that deer, sheep, and goats use the same ranges. The other
parasites found were a tapeworm cyst, Cysticercus tenuicollis; a whip worm,
SorE DISEASES OF OREGON FISH AND GAME
21
Tricheeris ovis; an intestinal worm, Chaberlia ovina; a lung worm, Dictyocaulus
hadweni; a grub from the head, Cephenoenyia; a louse fly, Lipo/teno depressa;
and a louse, Trichodectes parallela.
A deer from a park near Alsea brought in for diagnosis was found to
have died from a broken neck, probably obtained while playing in a pen. The
liver contained larval forms of a tapeworm called Taenia morginola The cysts
Figure 18. Lumbar vertebrae of goat (upper) and deer (lower).
of the liver (Figure 10) are named Cysticerce tenuicollis. The mature form
of this parasite is found in the intestine of the dog. This same parasite
has been found in deer and sheep from Douglas county.
Another tapeworm cyst from deer was examined on September 28,
1933. This deer, killed on the north fork of the Santiam River, was appar.
ently in excellent condition. When the hide was removed the cysticercoids
were found everywhere in the muscles (Figure 11). Sixty of these cysts
were fed to a dog and fifteen were fed to a cat. On January 5 when the
22
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN 322
dog was killed 55 mature tapeworms were recovered from its intestines.
The hooks and suckers of the mature worm (Figure 12) compared very
well with the hooks and suckers of the immature parasites. Autopsy of
the cat failed to reveal any tapeworms. Specimens of those taken from the
dog were forwarded to Washington where they were identified as Taenia
krabbe, a tapeworm also found in the muscles of reindeer. This trouble
in reindeer is controlled by having the Eskimos keep their dogs tied up.
This parasite was first found in deer in 1924 in a deer from Dougls county.
OTHER DISEASES OF DEER
Abscesses. Hunters have reported the finding of subcutaneous abscesses in the deer killed in Eastern Oregon. Material of this kind was
received at this laboratory. Rabbits were injected and abscesses (Figure
13) were produced resembling in all respects those found in the deer.
Attempts to isolate a causative organism were unsuccessful. This disease
is similal- to a disease of the lymph glands in sheep called Lymphadenitis.
This disease produced in rabbits did follow the lymph channels and affect
lymph glands but seemed to develop too quickly to be Lymphadenitis.
The pus present in the abscesses did not have the greenish appearance as
it does in sheep nor was it arranged in concentric laycrs as is characteristic of Lymphadenitis. More work should be done with this disease as
the abscesses when found cause a hunter to question the worth of the deer
for food purposes.
Warts. During the summer of 1933 the local warden brought in the
carcass of a deer having on its skin many large warts (Figure 14). This
condition had been seen in deer before but had not been so extensive. A
similar type of wart is infectious in cattle and is spread from one animal to
another. The warts were so numerous and large as to have possibly
caused the animal's death. A similar condition has been reported from
Eastern Oregon deer, but so far as known no serious outbreaks have
occurred.
IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF GAME ANIMALS
From time to time the Oregon State Game Commission has asked
for help in identifying parts of carcasses of game animals which have
been found in possession of game law violators. While it is relatively easy
to identify such material it is sometimes rather difficult to produce proof
of such identity that will satisfy a trial jury.
It is well known that the hairs of the members of the deer and elk
family are very different in miscroscopic appearance from those of the
domestic animals (Figure 15). For this reason game law enforcement
officers have been advised to try to find hair an any part of a carcass
which is confiscated. Collections of hairs from all the common domestic
animals and from deer, elk, and antelope have been made. These have been
used with success in jury trials in connection with the identification of
both elk and deer hair found on confiscated meat.
SOME DISEASES OF OREGON Fisi-r AND GAME
23
The bones of the domestic animals are different from those of the
game aromals (Figures 16, 17, 18). Game law violators have usually claimed
that deer meat is either sheep or goat meat and that elk is beef. Enforcement officers have usually been successful in obtaining parts of carcasses
containing bones which could be used for positive identification. Collections of bones from mule deer, blacktailed deer, elk, goats, sheep, and
cattle have been made. These have been used successfully in court cases.
OREGON STATE BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
\VILLARF) L. MASKS, President
Portland
E. C. Sammons
Leif S. Finseth
Dallas
Albany
Cornelia Marvin Pierce
F. E. Callister
Portland
F. Irvine
G. 13. McLeod
John Day
Charles A. Brand
Herman Oliver
Chancellor of Higher Education
W. J. KERR USc., LJ..D
13.
La Crande
Albany
Portland
Roseburg
STAFF OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
Staff members niasked are United States Department of Agrsculture
invesligators stationed in Oregon.
President of the State College
G. \V. Peavy, M.S.F
Jjirector
Win. A. Sclioenfetcl, lISA., hi. lt.A
Vice-director
It. S. Besse, M.S
A. 0. Larson, M.S Entomologist, Stored
"yV, V. Aldrich Ph,D,..Ass't Horticulturist,
Products Insects
Bureau of Plant industry Med ford
plant Pathologist
H. P. Bar.ss, SM
1s1. It. Lewis, C.E...Irrigotion and Drainage
F. 1). Bailey, M.S...Asso. Plant Pathologist
L,iginee-r, Bar, of Ag'l Engineering
F. Ii. Baths, D.V.M...Assistant VeterinanPoultry Husbandman
A. C. Lunn, U.S
an; Cooperative Agent
in Charge
Ass't Bacteriologist
W. B. Bolten, Ph.D
Pathologist
F. 1'. McWliorter, I'h.D
i-Iorticultursst
A. G. Bouquet M.S
J. F. Martin, M.S....Jr. Agron., Division of
(Vegetable £ro/ss)
Cereal Crops and Disea.ses, Moro
in Charge, Div. of
P. M. }Irandt, AM
Assoc. Pathologist
I'. W. Miller, l'h.t)
Animal industries
Agent, Bureau of Plant
H. Millsap
1-/orticulturist
G. G. JIlown, At]., U.S
industry
Hood River Br. Exp. Station, Hood River
5G. A. Mitchell, U.S.A cling Sn/st., Pendle\V. S. Brown, i).Sc Hoi tcultus-ist is Chg.
to,s Field Station, Pendleton; Ass't Agron.
1). K. Bullis M.S...Assistant Chemist (Horti.
omist, Div. of Dry Land Agriculture
cultural l3roducts)
j.
C.
Moore, hI.S Assistant Horticulturist
A.sso. Economist
A. S. Burner, M.5
(Pomology)
(Far-si Managesiient)
Entosisologist in Chg.
I). C. Mote, Ph.D
A.sso. in News Service
J. C. Burtner, U.S
5Q H. Miith, I).V.M Assislant 1/elerinariC. 3). Jtycne, M.S Director of Information
an; Cooperative Agent
Superintendent Hood
Leroy Childs, AR
H. N. Nelson, Phi.D...Agriculturat Economist
River 13 ranch Exp. Station, Hood River
in Charge
O-rcha,-d Foreman
I). Cooter
Anissiol Husbandmnan
0. H. Nelson, M.S
G. V. Coimson, M.S...Bacteriologist iii Charge
Assistant Animal
\V. Oliver, hf.S
Ass't Landscape
F. A. Cuthhert, ML.])
Hsmsbandsia-n
Architect
Asst. to Sn/st., Slierlii. H. Oveson, M.S
ll. F. Dana, M.S Pathologist, i-fort. Crops
ivan County Br. E.sp Sta., Moro
and Disease.s
Plant Pathologist
C. E. Owens, A.M
Superintendent, U-ma.
K. K. l)ean, 13.S
L. Potter, M.S...-.......In Charge, Div. of
lit/a Branch Er/s. Station, Hernsislon
Agricultural Economics
K. hi. Dickinson, l).V.M Assistant Poultry
'0'. I.. i'owers, i-'li.L) Soil Scientist in Chg.
Pathologist
Agricultural Engineer
K. Price, B.S
It. E. l)imick, M.S Assistant Entomologist
ditor
'I. Deesl. U.S., All
Ag'l Economist
\V. H. 1)reeseim, Ph. I)
Superintendent, SouC. I/eisner, M.S
Assistant Plant
1,. P. J)ykstra, M.S
thersi Oregon Br. Exi-. Station, Talent
Pot hologist
I). K. Diehards, U.S. Superintendent, East.
\V. 1). Edwards, B.S...Field Assistanl (Ento.
era Oregon Br. Exp. Station, Union
ssoloijy)
Robinson, Phs.D...Ass't Plant Breeder
Superintendent, It.1l.H.B.itohinson,
A. K. Enghretson, 13.5
M.S Cheinisl (lusectacsde.m
John Jacob Astor Br. Ex/s. Sb. Astoria
and Fungicides)
.1sst Bol5Grace Co!e Fleiscliman. AU
C. V. I/use/i, M.S...Soil Scientist (Fertility)
a,s.ist, Div. of Seed investigations
H. A. Sclioth, M.S...Assocmate Agronomist
F. E. Fox, M.S...Assoc. Poultry Husbandman
Disease Investigation (Forage Crops)
Associate Ento,nol'
L. G. Gentner, M.S
Horticulturist
C. K. Schuster, M.S
ogsst, So. Ore. Br. Ex/s. Station, Talent
Economist in Charge
11. 1). Scudder, 11.5
Asst. Entomologist,
D. C. Gillespie, M.S
(Fas-si Manageimienl)
Hood River Branch Experiment Station
lechnician, Vet, lied.
0. I.. Searcy, U.S
L. N. Goadding, BA., U.S
Pat holo gist
I). M. Goode, B.A
K. \\'. Gray, u.S
niology)
J. It. Haag, P1st)
H. Hartman, M.S
ogy)
H. I). Hatch B.S
1). 1).
1-Till,
,f.S
Associate
Associate Editor
Field Assistant (Ento.
Chemist (Animal Nutr.
Horticulturist (Porno Assistant Chemist
Associate Agronomist
Jr. E-istoniologist,
F. G. Hinman, M.S
Stored Products Insects
Agent, Office of
G. R. Hoerner, M.S
Drugs and Related Plants
13. E. Hutcliinson, ll.S Assistant to Supt.,
Harney Valley Br. E.rp. Sla., Burns
in Charge, Div. of
G. R. Hyslop, B.S
Plant Industries
1t. Jay, liVId. A.sso. Veteriiirian, Bureau
of A us viol industries
Poultry
W. T. Johnson, B.S., D.V.M
Pathologist
I. It. tones, Ph.D...Assoc. Dairy i-lusband'n
Chensist in Charge
J. S. Jones, M.S.A
Asst. Entomologist
S. C. Jones, M.S
F. L. Knowlton, M.S...Poultry 1-lusbaudnissa
Asso. Economist
G. W. Kuhlman, M.S
(Farm Management)
fResigned 1934
H. K. Selhy, 1/1.5.....Assoc. Economist (Forum
Manageisient)
0. Shattuck, 151.5 Superintendent, Harney
Valley Branch Experimmient Sta., Burns
Assoc. Veterinarian
1. N. Shaw, D.V.M
]. K. Simmons, M.S Assoc. Bacteriologist
'F. Simnis, JEV.M Veterinarian in Clip.
Assistant Path513, Sprague, Jr., Ph.D
ologist
D. K. Stephens, R.S...Suiperintendent, Sher-
ssian County Branch Exp. Stataosi, Moro;
Senior Agronoiinst
Associate Soil
It. K. Stephenson, Ph.D
Scientist
Asst. Entomologist
It. C. ihonipson, M.S
K. F. Torerson, B.S 4ssistant Soil Smems.
list (Soil Survey)
G. F. Waldo, M.S.......Assistant Poniologi.st
Junior Agronomist,
ap B. Webb, M.S
Shermisan Co. Br. Exp Station, Moro
1-Iorticulturt-s
E. II. \Viegand, n.S.A
(Horticultural Products)
Home Economist
li-laud Wilson, A.M
Gustav Vilster, Ph.D.....Dairy Husbandman
(Dairy Manufacturing)
Asso. Irrigation Engt
1t. A. Work, U.S
fleer, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering
Plant Pathologi,c
S. H. Zeller, Ph.D