Northeast Field Guide, Version 1.7
March 2003
APPENDIX 10 -- CULL TABLES, SCALING DEDUCTION METHODS,
SLOPE CORRECTION TABLES & MORE
PERCENT OF CUBIC-FOOT CULL VOLUME FOR ALL TREES
BY 4-FT SECTIONS & LOCATION IN THE TREE
LENGTH
(FT)
1ST
2ND
8
57
43
12
42
32
26
16
30
26
23
21
20
26
23
21
19
11
24
24
21
18
17
10
10
28
21
19
17
16
10
9
8
32
20
18
16
14
10
8
7
7
36
19
16
14
13
9
8
8
7
6
40
17
15
13
12
9
8
7
7
6
44
16
14
12
11
9
7
7
7
6
48
15
13
12
10
8
7
7
6
6
52
14
12
11
9
8
7
6
6
6
56
13
11
10
9
8
6
6
6
6
60
12
11
10
9
7
6
6
6
6
64
11
10
9
9
7
6
6
6
5
68
10
10
9
8
6
6
6
5
5
72
10
9
8
8
6
6
6
5
5
10TH
11TH
12TH
13TH
14TH
15TH
16TH
17TH
18TH
3RD
4TH
5TH
6TH
7TH
8TH
40
6
44
6
5
48
6
5
5
52
6
5
5
5
56
6
5
5
5
4
60
5
5
5
5
4
4
64
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
68
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
72
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
275
9TH
4
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March 2003
PERCENT OF BOARD-FOOT CULL OF HARDWOOD SAWTIMBER
BY 4-FT SECTIONS & LOCATION IN THE TREE
LOG (FT)
1
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
5TH
6TH
(16)
29
26
24
21
1-1/2 (24)
19
18
16
16
16
15
2
7TH
8TH
(32)
15
14
13
13
12
12
11
10
2-1/2 (40)
12
12
11
11
10
10
9
9
3
(48)
12
10
10
9
9
9
8
7
3-1/2 (56)
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
7
4
9
9
9
8
8
7
7
7
(64)
9TH
10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH 16TH
2-1/2 (40)
8
8
3
(48)
7
7
6
5
3-1/2 (56)
7
6
5
5
4
3
4
6
6
5
5
4
4
(64)
3
3
PERCENT OF BOARD-FOOT CULL OF SOFTWOOD SAWTIMBER
BY 4-FT SECTIONS & LOCATION IN THE TREE
LOG (FT)
1
1ST
2ND
3RD
4TH
5TH
6TH
(16)
33
27
21
19
1-1/2 (24)
26
20
16
15
12
11
2
7TH
8TH
(32)
21
17
14
12
10
9
9
8
2-1/2 (40)
19
15
12
10
9
8
7
7
3
(48)
16
13
11
10
8
7
7
6
3-1/2 (56)
13
12
10
9
7
7
6
6
4
10
9
9
8
7
7
6
6
(64)
9TH
10TH 11TH 12TH 13TH 14TH 15TH 16TH
2-1/2 (40)
7
6
3
(48)
6
6
5
5
3-1/2 (56)
6
5
5
5
5
4
4
6
5
5
5
5
4
(64)
276
4
4
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277
Northeast Field Guide, Version 1.7
March 2003
A10 – Cull, Scaling, Slope Tables & More
Northeast Field Guide, Version 1.7
March 2003
SLOPE CORRECTION TABLE
Chaining Distances
%
SLOPE
1-3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
120.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.4
4.0
4.6
5.3
6.0
6.7
7.5
8.4
9.2
10.2
11.1
12.1
13.1
14.2
15.3
16.4
17.5
18.7
19.9
21.2
22.5
23.8
25.1
26.5
27.9
29.3
30.7
32.2
33.7
35.2
36.7
38.3
39.8
41.4
43.1
44.7
46.3
48.0
49.7
100.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.3
7.0
7.7
8.5
9.3
10.1
10.9
11.8
12.7
13.7
14.6
15.6
16.6
17.7
18.7
19.8
20.9
22.1
23.2
24.4
25.6
26.8
28.1
29.3
30.6
31.9
33.2
34.5
35.9
37.2
38.6
40.0
41.4
98.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.8
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.6
8.3
9.1
9.9
10.7
11.6
12.5
13.4
14.4
15.4
16.4
17.4
18.4
19.5
20.6
21.7
22.8
24.0
25.2
26.4
27.6
28.9
30.1
31.4
32.7
34.0
35.3
36.6
38.0
39.4
40.8
60.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.4
3.8
4.2
4.6
5.1
5.6
6.0
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.2
8.8
9.4
10.0
10.6
11.2
11.9
12.6
13.2
13.9
14.6
15.4
16.1
16.8
17.6
18.4
19.1
19.9
20.7
21.5
22.3
23.2
24.0
24.9
278
52.7
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.7
4.1
4.5
4.9
5.3
5.8
6.2
6.7
7.2
7.7
8.2
8.8
9.3
9.9
10.4
11.0
11.6
12.2
12.9
13.5
14.1
14.8
15.5
16.1
16.8
17.5
18.2
18.9
19.6
20.4
21.1
21.8
49.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.8
4.1
4.5
4.9
5.4
5.8
6.2
6.7
7.2
7.6
8.1
8.7
9.2
9.7
10.3
10.8
11.4
12.0
12.5
13.1
13.7
14.4
15.0
15.6
16.3
16.9
17.6
18.2
18.9
19.6
20.3
37.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.1
5.4
5.8
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.1
9.5
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.4
11.7
12.4
12.8
13.3
13.9
14.4
14.9
15.4
34.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.1
5.4
5.8
6.1
6.5
6.9
7.2
7.6
8.0
8.4
8.9
9.3
9.7
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.4
12.9
13.4
13.8
14.3
24.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.0
5.3
5.6
5.9
6.1
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.3
7.7
8.0
8.3
8.6
8.9
9.3
9.6
9.9
A10 – Cull, Scaling, Slope Tables & More
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March 2003
HOW TO DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF A SIDE WHEN THE
INTERIOR ANGLE IS KNOWN (SOLVING FOR RIGHT TRIANGLES)
Many times it will be easier to measure along the edge of a potential
contrasting condition than across. The following steps and table can
be used to determine when the width across an interior corner angle
becomes 120 ft wide. (See Figures 5 and 6 on page 48 and 49.)
1.
2.
Determine interior angle of corner.
Refer to table below to find limiting distance along edge of
condition.
Interior
Angle of
Corner
88
86
84
82
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
Limiting
Distance
(FT)
86.4
88.0
89.7
91.5
93.3
95.3
97.5
99.7
102.1
104.6
107.3
110.2
113.2
116.5
120.0
Interior
Angle of
Corner
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
Limiting
Distance
(FT)
123.8
127.8
132.2
136.9
142.0
147.5
153.6
160.2
167.4
175.4
184.3
194.2
205.2
217.7
231.8
The following formula was used to create the preceding table.
Liminting Distance = 60 / SIN (Interior Angle x .5)
See example on next page.
279
EXAMPLE
Bisected interior angle
forms two right triangles.
60 ft
60 ft
Interior corner
angle is 40°.
If subplot falls here, no boundary
and area inside the corner is an inclusion
of the surrounding condition.
If subplot falls here, there is
(At 175 ft the width across the interior angle is 120 ft..)
280
a boundary and the contrasting
condition requires delineation.
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March 2003
HOW TO DELENIATE BOUNDARIES IF SUBPLOT CENTER IS
INACCESSIBLE DUE TO DENIED, HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS OR
WATER – Occasionally when chaining to a subplot, the subplot center
is inaccessible. By applying the Law of Sines it is possible to
accurately delineate the left and right boundary azimuths.
Steps to Determine Left and Right Boundary Azimuths:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Chain to the edge of inaccessible area.
Determine the remaining chain distance (RCD).
Determine the edge azimuth of inaccessible area.
Calculate the difference between the chaining azimuth and the
edge azimuth of the inaccessible area. Use the acute angle
(A).
From the table find this angle (A) and note the associated SIN
value.
Divide the SIN value by 24.
Multiple the value from Step 6 by the remaining chain
distance (RCD).
Find the nearest SIN value in the table and note the
associated angle (B).
Subtract or add this angle (B) as appropriate from the edge
azimuth of the inaccessible area. This will yield the left and
right boundaries for the contrasting condition. Be careful that
these angles are recorded properly.
The above steps and table on the next page are derived from the
following: Since 2 sides and an angle are known, the following formula
is used to solve for angle B as illustrated below:
SIN A / 24 = SIN B / RCD
24 ft
RCD
A
B
281
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March 2003
Angle
SIN
Angle
SIN
Angle
SIN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0.0175
0.0349
0.0523
0.0698
0.0872
0.1045
0.1219
0.1392
0.1564
0.1736
0.1908
0.2079
0.2250
0.2419
0.2588
0.2756
0.2924
0.3090
0.3256
0.3420
0.3584
0.3746
0.3907
0.4067
0.4226
0.4384
0.4540
0.4695
0.4848
0.5000
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
0.5150
0.5299
0.5446
0.5592
0.5736
0.5878
0.6018
0.6157
0.6293
0.6428
0.6561
0.6691
0.6820
0.6947
0.7071
0.7193
0.7314
0.7431
0.7547
0.7660
0.7771
0.7880
0.7986
0.8090
0.8192
0.8290
0.8387
0.8480
0.8572
0.8660
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
0.8746
0.8829
0.8910
0.8988
0.9063
0.9135
0.9205
0.9272
0.9336
0.9397
0.9455
0.9511
0.9563
0.9613
0.9659
0.9703
0.9744
0.9781
0.9816
0.9848
0.9877
0.9903
0.9925
0.9945
0.9962
0.9976
0.9986
0.9994
0.9998
1.0000
282
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Northeast Field Guide, Version 1.7
March 2003
Example 1 (How to Apply Steps and Table)
Inaccessible Area
75°
24'
B
7'
A
255°
Chaining azimuth = 360°
RCD = 7 ft
Edge Azimuth = 75° or 255°
A = 75° or (360 or 000 - 75)
SIN 75° = 0.9569
0.9569 / 24 = .0398
.0398 x 7 = .2786
SIN .2786 = 16°
Left azimuth = 75 + 16 = 91°
Right azimuth = 255 - 16 = 239°
283
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Northeast Field Guide, Version 1.7
March 2003
Example 2
Chaining azimuth = 120°
75°
B
9'
A
255°
Inaccessible Area
RCD = 9 ft
Edge Azimuth = 75° or 255°
A = 45° or (120 - 75)
SIN 45° = 0.7071
0.7071 / 24 = .0294
.0294 x 9 = .2646
SIN .2646 = 15°
Left azimuth = 255 + 15 = 270°
Right azimuth = 75 - 15 = 60°
284
24'