Farm Operator & Agribusiness Newsletter Continuing Education for People in the Business of Farming June 2015 Lakeshore Technical College, 1290 North Avenue, Cleveland Wisconsin Greg’s Last Newsletter This newsletter will be my last as I retire from Lakeshore Technical College in mid-June. It’s time for me to pursue other things such as traveling and catching up on my farm building renovations and tending my small Angus herd, but I don’t anticipate being put out to pasture myself. I Thank You and all the producers I have worked with since coming to Wisconsin 23 years ago. It has truly been my pleasure to serve producers and agribusiness personnel. I believe that my personal development was far greater than what I was able to provide my students. Thank-you to LTC for providing me the means to carry out my work. LTC’s willingness to advance and support the Farm Business Program in both the LTC and Moraine Park districts is greatly appreciated and beneficial to producers and agribusiness alike. It has been very rewarding working with U.W. Extension and the Natural Resource and Conservation Service, and many others in planning and delivering the Progressive Operators Series each year as well as the countless other programs like the Spanish Herdsperson trainings. I would be remiss if I did not express sincere thanks to the Kathleen Thiele, LTC’s Agriculture & Energy Programming’s administrative specialist. Kitty, as she is called, kept me on track and out of trouble for the 15 years I worked at LTC. If it wasn’t for Kitty and Becky Paasch, the agriculture and energy programs would not be nearly as effective. I also want to recognize, by name, University of Wisconsin Extension Agents Tina Kohlman, Scott Gunderson, Mike Ballweg, and Alan Linnebur, as well as Mike Patin, Sheboygan County NRCS District Conservationist. They each have demonstrated how beneficial outcomes result from unselfish team work. Eastern Wisconsin is very fortunate in having these people provide education to the agriculture sector of our regional economy. Thank you to all. I sincerely thank each of you for your participation in our LTC Farm Business & Production Management programming, Greg Booher, semi-retired ☺ Agriculture Education Opportunities Grow at LTC So, What is Next? Most often, when an institution indicates that changes are coming, it means reductions. This is not the case for LTC. Our Agriculture Programming is increasing to include an associate degree in AgriBusiness in addition to the Farm Operator courses that I have been teaching. Although I have been delivering instruction in Fond du Lac, Dodge, and Washington Counties in the MPTC District, we didn’t have a formal agreement. Lakeshore Technical College and Moraine Park Technical College now have an official shared program agreement to deliver Farm Operator and the Agribusiness Programs in both districts. Notice the change to Farm Operator’s. Classes that were taught as part of the Farm Business & Production Management program will now be taught as the Farm Operator’s Certificate Program. Students will have two options: The first is to attend class in the afternoon during the traditional semester with the Agribusiness students. The second is to attend these classes at two community locations in a more condensed format during the winter months. The Farm Operator Certificate classes are continuing education for people employed in the business of farming versus the higher rigor of the associate-degree Agribusiness classes. Lakeshore Technical College -- Farm Business & Production Management Newsletter Instructor: Greg Booher 960-0551 Is Staffing Your Dairy Stealing Your Joy? Does this have to be true? If you’re trying to remember why you grew your business to a size requiring a large staff; you’re not alone. This article isn’t about the transition from the family-operated farm to today’s large operations. The article isn’t going to dwell on the standard functions of a human resource program. Being up-to-date on employment law, following the recommended procedures to successful hires, and training new employees are critical to the success of your business. In addition, continuous evaluation, motivation, education, and development of employees is also important to your business’s financial health. These vital employee management procedures are critical. However, even with these in place, I’m sure it won’t be a revelation to many readers that these standard practices do not ensure a “staffing panacea.” In the last several months, many dairy farms seem to be under an employment siege. It has become increasingly difficult to find and to keep milking labor, professional herdspeople, and department heads. Does this have to be true? As a consultant, I have been inundated trying to help dairy farm managers through their staffing struggles. But is this the way agriculture staffing needs to be? If we’re not being objective, can we fall into the assumption, “this is the way it is?” You may have fallen into this trap if you find yourself feeling consoled when you hear how other dairies in your area are grappling with the same issues. Therefore, I got to wondering if other industries in the upper Midwest are struggling with the same employment issues. Is the dairy labor struggle a result of our industry not treating employees in a professionalenough manner? Are dairy production jobs relatively low in compensation as compared to the non-agriculture sector? Does our industry have a less-than-desirable employment perception? Assessment of Top Performing Dairies with a NonAgricultural Manufacturer in East Central WI June 2015 Edition I interviewed two very well managed dairies and one manufacturing plant that employs 2000 production employees. Dairy Employment Observations I found the two dairies are doing a good job of implementing the standard employment techniques recommended by professional human resource managers. Both dairies are having more difficulty finding people to staff their milking parlors. It was typical to have Hispanics stop by each week looking for employment, but this has become quite rare in the last year. They both indicated it is extremely uncommon for Caucasians to be seeking farm employment. They find it extremely important to hire people who possess good attitudes. They ask open-ended questions to determine if the applicant has held positions where they had a “heart or true passion” for their work. It’s important to create a team environment where shared goals and continued coaching is a priority. Even then, your best employees will, in time, likely leave unless your business can provide continued growth opportunities to sustain their enthusiasm for work in your company. Manufacturing Employment Observations When a company employs 2000 production employees, they implement the standard HR practices out of necessity, and they realize that they must develop their own techniques of finding and keeping desired employees. A lack of interest in manufacturing is a problem--just as it is in the dairy industry. Full-time recruitment encourages a continuous flow of applicants which increases the odds of finding the most desirable applicants. The manufacturing company has been able to reduce their yearly turnover to just 5% by implementing a strict regimen of screening potential new hires and sending them through a rigorous training program. The HR manager I interviewed indicated a high percentage of the 5% early culls are asked to leave within a few months of their completing the new hire training. These people often were able to “pull the wool” over the HR manager’s eyes. These few folks are more likely to have a substance abuse problem and have learned how to mislead the employer during the hiring process. My manufacturing source of employment information has a very up-beat attitude about the people they are hiring because of the results they are getting. Farm Business & Production Management Newsletter: Page 2 Lakeshore Technical College -- Farm Business & Production Management Newsletter Instructor: Greg Booher 960-0551 My Observations As indicated by our top dairy producers, creating an environment in which employees feel engaged in their personal success leads to business success. Don’t let yourself become negative with your employment woes. Even though you may feel you are being held hostage by employees demanding higher wages, increasing your labor cost per hundred can quickly bury your dairy. Increasing wages must result in increased financial performance. Dan Wenzel of Dairy Business Consulting, New London, Wisconsin, provided a labor analysis from several 1000-cow dairies in eastern Wisconsin. The summary indicates wages, especially for the Hispanic labor force has been quickly escalating in 2015. New milking hires are starting at $10-11/hour. The labor cost per hundred pounds of milk produced for dairies harvesting their own feed and raising all their own heifers was $3.48/cwt. in 2014. And those dairies harvesting their own feed but not raising their own heifers was $2.75/cwt. pounds of milk produced in 2014. Dan stresses, “Throwing money at the challenge is not the solution. We must employ people who share management’s commitment to the industry. Treat them like professionals with the expectation of driving down your labor cost per hundred.” In contrast, the large manufacturing plant is paying $11.75/hour as a starting wage rate. As far as cash goes, it appears dairy farms are paying a competitive starting wage but many farms are not matching the incentives offered by industry. The manufacturing plant pays a $.50/hour night shift incentive and for satisfactory performance, new associates receive a $.58/hour increase every 26 weeks up to a maximum pay grade level. Once an employee successfully applies to an advanced position, it is at this time they will receive full employee benefits. Consider These Solutions It’s clear the labor required to milk cows will be escalating at a faster rate than most farms will be able to tolerate, so we must get more output from every dollar spent on labor. Set labor cost goals for: 1) pounds of milk produced per full-time-equivalent and 2) pounds of milk produced per hour of labor. For starters, you might calculate how many pounds you are producing per full time equivalent (FTE) that you employ. Industry benchmarks are available but are plagued with reporting noise and not extremely useful. A goal of 1.5 million pounds of milk produced per year per FTE or June 2015 Edition based on 2500 hours worked per year per FTE would be 600 pounds of milk produced per hour. Secondly, production agriculture and agribusiness alike must get the word out to youth about the tremendous opportunities that abound in careers in all phases of agriculture. The need for skilled and unskilled laborers is tremendous. Careers in agriculture are now very competitive with other industries with the exception of the benefits offered by non-ag industry. Whether it is a career in agriculture engineering, professional herds-people, dairy industry support people or agronomics – agriculture careers are desirable and competitive. Are there careers in Agribusiness? You Bet! Please read Greg’s article as printed at Hoard’s Dairyman: http://www.hoards.com/IB_Agriculture_an_attractive_career Does the future of dairy labor availability depend on a change in worker perception? LTC’s New Agribusiness Program – Begins August 31 Acquire an education in the high-demand career of Agribusiness, with instruction including the latest advances and cutting-edge technologies to gain the skills you need to run your own agribusiness operation or help other agriculture operations and producers become more successful: Gain skills in: • Agribusiness marketing & economics • Precision agriculture • Financial management tools • Animal science & nutrition • Crop production • Soil science Flexible course offerings mean that you can attend the program in person at LTC or MPTC or complete the program online. Open House – Wednesday, June 24 – 3:30-6:30 p.m. @ LTC Cleveland Farm Business & Production Management Newsletter: Page 3 LTC’s New “Agribusiness Science & Technology” Program Wednesday, June 24, 3:30 – 6:30 p.m. Information Event for Interested Students Reliance on agriculture in Wisconsin is as old as the Badger State itself. Since the inception of statehood in 1848, agriculture has been the stalwart of the Wisconsin economy, growing into a dynamic $88.3 billion industry. If June is National Dairy Month, every month is Wisconsin Dairy Month as dairy contributes $43.4 billion to that total. But storm clouds may be brewing as the industry evolves into high tech careers while grappling with a shortage of skilled labor at the same time. “Running efficient and profitable operations requires knowledge of things like records and business analysis, finance, purchasing and credit, farm business transfers, crop and soil management, and livestock nutrition and management,” says Pat Staszak, Dean of Agriculture and Energy at Lakeshore Technical College in Cleveland. “At the same time, small family farms have been swallowed up by larger farm businesses and kids who grew up on those small farms have been leaving for opportunities in things like manufacturing.” The result is a shortage of skilled agriculture labor but a tremendous opportunity to enter the industry. The U.S. Department of Agriculture studied the shortfall in agricultural jobs on a national basis, and estimated that from 2010 to 2015 there would be about 54,400 openings each year in agriculture and natural resource jobs, and about 29,300 college or university graduates to fill them. The biggest gap is in science and engineering with over half of available positions going unfilled. The situation in Wisconsin is more acute, as the dairy state is the largest cheese producer in the country at nearly 3 billion pounds annually, in addition to its commodity crop industry. Based on employment data, local surveys, and input from area agriculture advisory committees, Lakeshore Technical College is introducing its first new agriculture program since 1974 with the Agribusiness Science and Technology associate degree program. This LTC program meets at the Cleveland campus; however, through a shared agreement, Moraine Park Technical College will also have classes at their district campuses. Classes begin on August 31. The program focuses on Agronomy, Farm Finance and Livestock sectors and will teach students how to develop an agribusiness management plan that includes a crop management, livestock management, with applications of technology, marketing, and economic strategies to the agribusiness industry. “Even though the sheer number of farms may have declined, the infrastructure of agriculture continues to grow and is increasingly complex,” says Instructor Craig Lallensack. “Agricultural output continues to expand with the same amount or less of acreage, and that’s happening through technology, environmental sciences and agricultural sciences. It’s likely there are jobs that will exist in agriculture sciences 10 years from now that we haven’t even thought of yet.” The Agribusiness Science and Technology program blends the talents of LTC instructors to cover all the technology and financial aspects it takes to be successful in today’s challenging agribusiness environment. Lallensack, who will head the program, holds a bachelor’s degree in Dairy Science from UW-Madison and has nearly 20 years of experience as a herdsman and specializes in dairy cattle genetics. The new program also has promise in creating career pathways by offering certificates in each of the agribusiness segments or by using the entire program as a cost-effective springboard to a bachelors’ degree. While the Agribusiness Science and Technology program may be the first new program at LTC in 40 years, the prior Farm Business program is being revamped to meet community need. Current farm operators can still receive continuing education in the areas of Financial, Business, Livestock and Crop and Soil Management in the Farm Operator Certificate program. Anyone interested in learning more about the Agribusiness Science & Technology program or any of LTC’s other agriculture and energy programs (Dairy Herd Management, Wind Technician, Nuclear Technology, & Agribusiness) should attend the JumpStart Information Session on June 24 at LTC anytime between 3:30 and 6:30 pm at the LTC Cleveland campus (Ag & Energy Building). We look forward to seeing you on that date. Fall 2015 classes begin in late August. If you are not able to attend this event, your program advisor is Don Geiger, and he can be reached at 920693-1378. Email: Donald.Geiger@GoToLTC.edu On-Line Applications to these Agriculture & Energy Programs can be submitted at LTC’s website: http://www.gotoltc.edu/how-to-apply/pursue-a-program/index.html About Lakeshore Technical College Lakeshore Technical College is a leading provider of technical education offering more than 120 career programs including associate degrees, technical diplomas, technical certificates and apprenticeship programs. In addition, LTC offers distance learning, customized training to business and industry, and continuing education opportunities. Serving a 200,500-resident population in east central Wisconsin, LTC operates a main campus in Cleveland and additional learning sites at LTC Manitowoc, LTC Sheboygan, LTC-Plymouth Science & Technology Center, and the Lakeshore Culinary Institute. The college also operates Community Education Centers at area high schools in Elkhart Lake, Cedar Grove-Belgium, Howards Grove, Kiel, Mishicot, Oostburg, Plymouth, Random Lake, Reedsville, and Two Rivers; and 27 distance learning sites. LTC’s mission is to enrich lives and strengthen the economy by preparing a workforce that is skilled, diverse and flexible. On average, 87% of LTC graduates work in the LTC District which includes Manitowoc and Sheboygan Counties, and parts of Calumet and Ozaukee Counties. Visit LTC at: www.gotoltc.edu. Press Room: Press Contact: Phone: E-mail: www.gotoltc.edu/press Bret Blizzard (920) 693-1196 bret.blizzard@gotoltc.edu agribusiness science & technology Program Number 10-006-2 Associate Degree in Applied Science • Four Terms ABOUT THE PROGRAM Successful individuals employed in agribusiness occupations understand the importance of running efficient and profitable operations in the areas of records/ business analysis, credit/marketing/purchasing, farm business transfers, goal setting, human relations, crop/soil management, and livestock nutrition/management. Maximize your opportunities for success by increasing your agricultural business and production management knowledge. PROGRAM OUTCOMES • Develop an agri-business management plan. • Apply economic and marketing strategies to agribusiness industry. • Apply relevant technologies. • Create a crop management plan. • Create a livestock management plan. • Investigate opportunities in agribusiness. • Interact as a professional in agribusiness. ADMISSIONS STEPS • Work with Admissions Specialist to: - Submit application and $30 fee. - Complete an assessment for placement (Accuplacer or ACT). - Submit official transcripts (high school and other colleges). • Meet with program advisor/counselor to discuss program details. APPROXIMATE COSTS • $132 per credit (resident) • $198 per credit (out-of-state resident) • Other fees vary by program (books, supplies, materials, tools, uniforms, health-related exams, etc.) Visit gotoltc.edu/financial-aid/tuition-and-fees for details. PLACEMENT SCORES Accuplacer/ACT scores will be used to develop your educational plan. Contact your program advisor/counselor for details. SPECIAL NOTE Students may alternately choose to earn the Agriculture Technician Technical Diploma after completing Term 1 and Term 2 coursework. In addition, for students who are not seeking a diploma, select courses in this program will provide focused certificates of learning in agribusiness agronomy, agribusiness financial, and agribusiness livestock. Catalog No. Class Title Term 1 Credit(s) 10-006-110 Agricultural Finance 10-006-112 Farm Business Management 10-006-114 Intro to Animal Science 10-006-116 Intro to Soil Science 10-801-195 Written Communications 10-804-123 Math with Business Applications Term 2 10-006-120 Animal Health 10-006-122 Principles of Crop Production 10-006-124 Principles of Animal Breeding 10-006-132 Reproductive Physiology 10-006-126 Agribusiness Economics 10-809-195 Economics Term 3 10-006-140 Legal Aspects of Agribusiness 10-006-142 Advanced Dairy Management 10-006-144 Advanced Nutrition Principles 10-006-146 Precision Ag Technologies 10-809-196 Introduction to Sociology 14 2 3 3 3 3 3 17 10-006-130 Agricultural Marketing & Sales 10-006-134 Computer Apps & Animal Records 10-006-136 Principles of Agronomy 10-806-112 Principles of Sustainability 10-801-196 Oral/Interpersonal Communication 10-809-198 Introduction to Psychology Term 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 3 3 3 15 TOTAL 64 mptc classes This program is shared with Moraine Park Technical College. MPTC district students follow LTC’s admissions process; however, they are able to attend classes at a MPTC campus classroom close to home by receiving both in-person and ITV-broadcast instruction. MPTC Agribusiness Science & Technology program students will be issued a laptop from LTC while learning and applying the program’s software applications. CAREER & EDUCATION ADVANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES LTC credits transfer to over 30 universities. For more information visit gotoltc.edu/ future-students/transfer. CONTACT Chou Yang, Admissions Specialist 920.693.1851 • chou.yang@gotoltc.edu Curriculum and Program Acceptance requirements are subject to change. Program start dates vary; check with your advisor/counselor for details. 2015-16 Advanced Dairy Management...advances the study of dairy herd management systems including milking and feeding arrangements, herd health, herd replacements, use of computer systems, personnel issues, and financial impact of management decisions. PREREQUISITE: 10006134 Computer Apps and Animal Records OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd management Advanced Nutrition Principles...analyzes the anatomy and physiology of the ruminant and mono-gastric digestive tract and factors affecting nutrient digestibility. Biochemical and physiological functions of nutrients in ruminant and mono-gastric animals will be compared. PREREQUISITE: 10006132 Reproductive Physiology OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd Management AgriBusiness Economics...introduces agricultural economic dimensions and impacts, economic principles, calculation of economic returns, and evaluation of economic alternatives. Other topics include capital use, cost appraisal, risk considerations under a variety of economic conditions, farm credit sources, and creditor relationships. PREREQUISITE: 10006110 Agricultural Finance Agricultural Finance…introduces learner to major aspects of agribusiness financial management through extensive problem solving, financial analysis and financial planning. Students will describe and calculate sweet 16 ratios, business cash flows, inventory controls, budgeting and borrowing considerations of various types of agribusinesses. Software tools, such as QuickBooks and FINPACK, will be introduced. Agricultural Marketing and Sales...provides the fundamental principles and methods of marketing agricultural products, marketing processes and agencies, pricing and merchandising of various products, and obtaining bargaining power. Other topics include futures market structure andfunction; futures commodity contract specifications; futures trading procedures; commodity futures trading strategies; and an introduction to commodity options. PREREQUISITE: 10006110 Agribusiness Economics OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd Management Animal Health...examines the disease process and the immune response in animals, common diseases of domestic livestock, and related intervention practices with emphasis on maintaining healthy animals. PREREQUISITE: 10006114 Intro to Animal Science Computer Applications and Animal Records…introduces learner to records management, the setup and use of a computerized record-keeping software package, completion of a sample farm record problem utilizing a computerized record program, a review of various recordkeeping systems, as well asthe selection and implementation of various computerized record programs. Software tools, such as QuickBooks, FINPACK, PCDART, and DairyCOMP 305, will be utilized. PREREQUISITES: 10006110 Agricultural Finance and 10006124 Principles of Animal Breeding OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd Management Economics...provides the participant with an overview of how a market-oriented economic system operates, and it surveys the factors which influence national economic policy. Basic concepts and analyses are illustrated by reference to a variety of contemporary problems and public policy issues. Concepts include scarcity, resources, alternative economic systems. growth, supply and demand, monetary and fiscal policy, inflation, unemployment and global economic issues. COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Readingand Study Skills or equivalent Introduction to Sociology...introduces students to the basic concepts of sociology: culture, socialization, social stratification, multi-culturalism, and the five institutions, including family, government, economics, religion, and education. Other topics include demography, deviance, technology, environment, social issues, social change, social organization, and workplace issues. COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Reading and Study Skills or equivalent Legal Aspects of AgriBusiness…provides students with pertinent information of the legal liabilities and regulations for both state and federal of an agribusiness. Course content includes legal descriptions, contractual agreements, employee and consumer rights, insurance, debt collection, as well as bankruptcy and employment protection issues as regulated by DOL, OSHA and DILHR. PREREQUISITE: 10006130 Agricultural Marketing and Sales OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd Management Math with Business Applications...covers real numbers, basic operations, linear equations, proportions with one variable, percents, simple interest, compound interest, annuity, apply math concepts to the purchasing/buying process, apply math concepts to the selling process, and basic statistics with business/consumer applications. PREREQUISITE: 10834109 Pre-Algebra or equivalent and COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Reading and Study Skills or equivalent Oral/Interpersonal Communication...provides students with the skills to develop speaking, verbal and nonverbal communication, and listening skills through individual speeches, group activities, and other projects. COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Reading and Study Skills or equivalent Precision Ag Technologies…provides the student the opportunity to experience studies in agricultural precision technologies including bio-technologies, application industries, livestock equipment, precision farming, financial resource management, plant protection, sustainable agriculture, environmental impacts of agriculture, agricultural workforce, and agricultural production. COREQUISITES: 10006140 Legal Aspects of Agribusiness and 10006142 Advanced Dairy Management OR CONDITION: 310911 Dairy Herd Management Principles of Agronomy…examines agronomy principles for Midwest crops including basic components of plant growth, seed quality, plant parts, plant growth and development, plant classification, maturity systems, and seeding rates. PREREQUISITE: 10006122 Principles of Crop Production Principles of Animal Breeding...applies genetic principles to livestock improvement including elementary population genetics, phenotypic and genotypic effects of selection, selection methods, and systems of mating. PREREQUISITE: 10006114 Intro to Animal Science Principles of Crop Production…provides knowledge of crop and soil nutrient management, including use of both commercial fertilizers and manure. Course topics include purchase or lease options for land, agronomy consulting programs, tillage and conservation plans, soil nutrient plans, cropping plans, managing nutrient waste, crop harvest and storage and production records. PREREQUISITE: 10006116 Intro to Soil Science Farm Business Management...provides learner with basic business management practices including the development of a business plan, establishment of short and long range goals, identification and implementation alternatives for reaching goals, and development of strategies to monitor progress. The importance of designing a business mission statement based on goals is emphasized. Software tools, such as QuickBooks, FINPACK, PCDART and DairyCOMP 305, will be incorporated. Principles of Sustainability…prepares students to develop sustainable literacy, analyze interconnections among physical and biological sciences and environmental systems, summarize effects of sustainability on health and well-being, analyze connections among social, economic, and environmental systems, employ energy conservation strategies to reduce use of fossil fuels, investigate alternative energy options, evaluate options to current waste disposal/recycling in the U.S., and analyze approaches used by your community.COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Reading and Study Skills or equivalent Intro to Animal Science...provides animal science fundamentals including animal health, animal environments, anatomy and physiology, genetics and reproduction, animal feedstuffs, and animal-related safety. Participants will experience animal concepts through the completion of hands-on activities. Reproductive Physiology...provides advanced study of the reproductive processes of livestock including anatomy, endocrinology, gonadal function, fertility, and factors influencing reproductive performance. COREQUISITE: 10006124 Principles of Animal Breeding Introduction to Psychology...introduces students to a survey of the multiple aspects of human behavior. It involves a survey of the theoretical foundations of human functioning in such areas as learning, motivation, emotions, personality, deviance and pathology, physiological factors, and social influences. It directs the student to an insightful understanding of the complexities of human relationships in personal, social, and vocational settings. COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Reading and Study Skills or equivalent Written Communication...teaches the writing process, which includes prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Through a variety of writing assignments, the student will analyze audience and purpose, research and organize ideas, and format and design documents based on subject matter and content. Keyboarding skills are required for this course. It also develops critical reading and thinking skills through the analysis of a variety of written documents. PREREQUISITE: 10831103 Intro to College Wrtg equivalent and COREQUISITE: 10838105 Intro Rdg & Study Skills or equivalent Intro to Soil Science...provides fundamental of soil’s physical properties, chemical properties, biological properties, soil formation, classification, essential nutrient and soil survey. There will be emphasis on soil and water conservation practices that can be used to reduce soil erosion. Participants will experience soils concepts through lab and in the field activities. gotoltc.edu | 1290 North Avenue, Cleveland, WI 53015 | 1.888.GO TO LTC | NCA-Accredited ncahlc.org TTY 711 Lakeshore Technical College does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability or age in employment, admissions or its programs or activities. The Chief Human Resources Officer has been designated to handle inquiries regarding the College’s nondiscrimination policies.