DOCUMENT #:
GSC14-GRSC7-009R1
FOR:
Information
SOURCE:
ARIB
AGENDA ITEM:
4.2 Mobile Multimedia Broadcast &
Multicast
CONTACT(S):
sekiguchi@arib.or.jp
Broadcasting
for mobile receivers
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Highlight of Current Activities (1)
• Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan
– On December 1, 2003, Japan launched Digital Terrestrial
Television Broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service
Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system.
– ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT.1306.
– ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM and
time interleaving.
• One-Seg
– One-segment services for mobile receivers (called “One-Seg”)
can be provided simultaneously with one 6MHz TV channel, in
addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV).
– On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan.
– More than 55 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so
far.
– Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market.
– One-Seg is provided free of charge.
to slide 8,9
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
2
Highlight of Current Activities (2)
• BST-OFDM technology
– NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BSTOFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996.
– ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments.
– The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three
layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers.
– Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12
segments using 64QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg
with 1 segment using QPSK.
– Example of Information bit rate is 16.851Mbps (for HDTV) and
416kbps (for One-Seg).
• Features of One-Seg
– Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric
Program Guide (EPG) are transmitted in One-Seg.
– One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of
broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal.
to slide 10,11
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
3
Strategic Direction
• Termination of Analog TV services
– Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in
Japan by July 2011.
– By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are
scheduled to be terminated.
– At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital
TV broadcasting.
• Digital Radio
– Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October
2003.
– Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association
(DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK and
several commercial radio stations or other companies.
– DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission.
– ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for DR.
to slide 12,13
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
4
Challenges
• Recent topics in One-Seg
– Independent program service
It is possible to broadcast independent program (nonsimultaneous program to 12 segments) service in One-Seg
from April 2008 by legal changes.
NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for
sports programs.
NHK started independent One-Seg service using educational
channel in April 2009.
– Multi-channel service
It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg.
TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they
broadcast multi-channel service in June 2008.
• Research & Development in One-Seg
– NHK has been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission
System.
– NHK has been developing automatic activation of One-Seg
receivers
by the EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) .
(See slide 17, 18)
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
5
Next Steps/Actions
• VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination
– Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370MHz to
240MHz.
– VHF Low (18MHz) & VHF High (14.5MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting
services. (e.g., Mobile Multimedia broadcasting)
• Mobile Multimedia broadcasting
– There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers
with VHF Low & VHF High.
– VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area and Digital
community broadcasting for small area.
– ISDB-TSB is now under consideration for new services.
– VHF High will be used for a new nationwide area multimedia service. And ISDB-Tmm
(Mobile Multimedia) is now under development for it’s services.
– One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM
technology.
– It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by the middle
of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011.
– ARIB is now preparing for the new services for multimedia broadcasting.
to slide 14,15
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
6
Supplemental Slides
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
7
Shipments of receivers
- Digital Terrestrial TV in Japan / One-Seg 4/2009 One-Seg
million
Shipments of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner
50
Digital terrestrial *1
One-Seg *2
40
30
More than
50 million
One-seg receivers
20
10
4/2009
1/2009
10/2008
7/2008
4/2008
1/2008
10/2007
7/2007
4/2007
1/2007
10/2006
7/2006
4/2006
1/2006
10/2005
7/2005
4/2005
1/2005
10/2004
7/2004
4/2004
0
1/2004
Shipments of receivers (cumulative total)
60
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, NHK
Digital terrestrial broadcasting
12/2003
One-Seg service
4/2006
*1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 117 million, 7/2008 )
*2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number
of Mobile
107 million, 4/2009 )
Geneva,
13-16phone:
July 2009
8
One-Seg receivers
- Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg -
to slide 3
Car Navigators
Mobile Phones
Portable Dictionary
PCs with One-Seg
Portable Games
USB type One-Seg tuners
(From Homepage)
Portable Players
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
9
12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T)
- BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz
HDTV
12 Segments
12 Segs
1 Seg
On-air program
1 Segment
Data service
(6/14 MHz)
64QAM
FEC = 3/4
(16.851Mbps)
QPSK
FEC = 2/3
(416kbps)
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
10
Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications
- BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg to slide 4
Broadcasting
Watch TV
Convergence
TV & Data
Communications
TV & Internet
Internet
Broadcasting station
BML
Broadcasting station
BML
BML, HTML
Watching TV program
on full screen
Watching TV program
and reading data on TV
Watching TV program
and reading data on the
Internet
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Viewing or reading
on the Internet
11
Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services
- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio -
Satellite
Terrestrial
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
will be over
7/2011
Analog SD
12/2003
Digital
One-Seg
4/2006
will be over
7/2011
Analog SD
was over
9/2007
Analog HD
Digital
12/2000
Test transmission
Digital Radio
10/2003
24/7/2011
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
12
ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio)
- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio ISDB-TSB
13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz
to slide 5
(Sound Broadcasting)
Digital Radio
test transmission
started in 10/2003
(8 segments, VHF 7ch)
TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13
1 Seg
1 Segment
3 Segments
TS1
TS2
ハイビジョン
Video
※
Data service
QPSK
FEC = 2/3, GI = 1/16
(440kbps)
Image
1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB
※ NHK started video services in July 2008.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
13
Rearrangement of VHF/UHF
- VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -
Now
90-108MHz
1～3ch
170-222MHz
4～12ch
470-770MHz
13～62ch
Analog TV
Broadcasting
Analog TV
Broadcasting
Analog TV Broadcasting
Digital TV Broadcasting
18MHz
52MHz
300MHz
90-108MHz 170-202.5MHz 207.5-222MHz
Future
Plan
(1)-a
18MHz
(VHF Low)
(2)
(1)-b
32.5MHz
14.5MHz
(VHF High)
470-710MHz
13～52ch
Digital TV Broadcasting
240MHz
（GB 5MHz）
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
715-725MHz
Non TV Broadcasting
Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc)
Intelligent Transport Systems
Telecommunications
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
730-770MHz
(3)
(4)
10MHz
40MHz
GB 5MHz
GB 5MHz
Schedule plan
(1) (2) after July 25, 2011
(3) (4) after July 25, 2012
14
Rearrangement of VHF/UHF
- VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination (VHF Low)
18MHz
Future
Plan
(1)-a
(VHF High)
14.5MHz
(2)
(1)-b
Digital TV Broadcasting
(3)
(4)
(1)-a Digital Radio broadcasting for Local block area
& Digital community broadcasting for small area
⇒ ISDB-TSB (advanced)
(1)-b Multimedia broadcasting for Nationwide area
⇒ ISDB-Tmm, MediaFLO
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Terrestrial Analog TV broadcasting
Digital Radio test transmission
Multimedia Broadcasting
ARIB Standard, Technical Report
License policy
Telecommunications Council Report
Selection of corporations
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
15
Rearrangement of VHF/UHF
- VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination -
to slide 6
・The Telecommunication Council is examining the technical
condition of multimedia broadcasting that will use VHF Low & High.
・ VHF Low will be used for Digital Radio broadcasting for local block area
and Digital community broadcasting for small area.
・ VHF High will be used for nationwide area.
・ In February, 2008, 17 companies or corporations (NHK, TOKYO FM,
TBS R & C, FM OSAKA, FM802, Nippon Broadcasting System, etc)
established the organization "VL-P ". (More than 110 organizations join
"VL-P " now.)
・ "VL-P " aims at drafting of ARIB Technical report and clarification of
service image.
An image of VHF Low service
・The difference of Digital Radio (which is now broadcasted as a test) and
Digital Radio (which will be broadcasted) is as follows.
30fps Video (QVGA, MPEG-4 AVC/H.264)
5.1 surround Audio
Multi-channel programs
Contents download, etc
・There is a subject to clear sharing condition with Analog FM Radio (7690MHz).
・ It is necessary to fix the organizations that will provide new services by
Geneva,
13-16broadcasting
July 2009
16
the middle of 2010
to start
after July 2011.
Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System
- Research & Development in One-Seg ・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg
signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters
and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different
from any of the receiving channels.
・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer
community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to
One-Seg services from every broadcaster.
ISDB-T
Air
ch1
ch2
ch3
ch4
ch5
ch6
ch7
ch8
Frequency
Combines only One-Seg signals
aboveground
Connected One-Seg
re-transmission system
underground
Community OneSeg signals
Re-transmission
ch9-13
6MHz
ch1
ch2
ch3
ch4
ch5
ch6
ch7
ch8
ch9
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
ch10 ch11 ch12 ch13
Frequency
17
Automatic Activation of Receivers by EWS
- Research & Development in One-Seg ・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when
a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami.
・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver.
・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg
activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the
prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging.
・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg
service, four carriers transmit the activation flag
for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing
this to all four carriers, from the previously used
two carriers that transmitted the activation flag
signal, improved reception sensitivity without
increasing power consumption.
・NHK will work toward the actual implementation
of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS
reception function.
Prototype of EWS adaptor
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
18
12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T)
- BST-OFDM technology Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting
12 Segments
1 segment
Mode
Mode 3
Mode 3
Reception
Fixed (Mobile)
Mobile
Modulation
64QAM
QPSK
Code ratio
3/4
2/3
Guard interval
1/8 (126  s)
1/8 (126  s)
Bit rate
16.851Mbps
416kbps ※1
Video coding
MPEG-2 (30fps)
Audio coding
MPEG-2 AAC
MPEG-2 AAC+SBR ※2
Data broadcasting
BML (XHTML) A Profile
BML (XHTML) C Profile
Electric Program Guide
OK
(Now + Next + 8days)
OK
(Now + Next + 8programs)
Closed caption
OK
OK
Copy control
Yes
Yes
CAS
Yes
No
H.264 (15fps)
16:9(320×180), 4:3(320×240)
※1 Example: Video (224kbps), Audio (55kbps), Data (80kbps), Closed caption (5kbps), EPG (20kbps), Control (32kbps)
※2 Spectral Band Replication
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
19
12 segs
Source coding
Video
Video coding
Audio
Audio coding
Data/EPG
Data/ EPG coding
1 seg
Source coding
Video
Video coding
Audio
Audio coding
Data/EPG
Data/ EPG coding
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Antenna
Power Amp
Up converter
Mapping
Frequency interleave
Time interleave
Layer synthesis & rate conversion
Mapping
Bit interleave
Bit interleave
D/A
Inner code
Inner code
Guard interval addition
Channel coding
Byte interleave
Delay compensation
Energy dispersal
Byte interleave
Aux channel
IFFT
1 seg
Delay compensation
TMCC
1 seg
OFDM frame configuration
Pilot
Energy dispersal
Hierarchical separation
Outer code (RS)
TS Re-Mux
Conditional Access
Multiplexing
Configuration of Digital transmission
- BST-OFDM technology 12 segs
12 segs
20
Basic transmission parameters
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
Mode 1
Mode 2
No. of OFDM segments
Mode 3
13
Bandwidth
5.575 MHz
5.573 MHz
5.572 MHz
Carrier interval
3.968 kHz
1.984 kHz
0.992 kHz
No. of carriers
1405
2809
5617
Modulation system
Effective symbol length
Guard-interval length
No. of symbols per frame
Time interleave
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
204
Maximum 4 values: 0, about 0.13, 0.25, 0.5 sec
Frequency interleave
Intra-segment or inter-segment interleaving
Inner code
Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
Hierarchical transmission
3.65 Mpbs - 23.23 Mbps
Maximum 3 levels
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
21
ARIB Standards, ITU-R Recommendations
ARIB Standards and ITU-R Recommendations for ISDB-T
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
22
Digital Radio
- Digital Radio -
Tokyo area
Osaka area
Digital Radio receiver (KDDI)
(About 1.8 million receivers, 6/2008)
2.4kW
DRP homepage
240W
Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7).
Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting
corporation run jointly by NHK and several commercial radio stations or other companies.
Digital Radio uses BST-OFDM technology (ISDB-TSB). It is possible to send up to 13 independent
programs including video and data in 6MHz. ISDB-TSB is recommended in ITU-R BS.1114.
< Example parameters of Digital Radio >
Audio
Main
Main + Sub3
144bps
Video
Data
180kbps
64kbps
52kbps
440kbps
64kbps
52kbps
440kbps
23
36kbps 36kbps 36kbps 36kbps
180kbps
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Main
Sub1
Sub2
Sub3
EPG etc
Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-TSB)
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital radio broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
OFDM segments
Bandwidth
Mode 1
3 Segs
1 Seg
3 Segs
1 Seg
3 Segs
432.5kHz
1.289MHz
430.5kH
z
1.287MHz
429.5kHz
1.286 MHz
3.968 kHz
109
Guard-interval length
No. of symbols per frame
Time interleave
Frequency interleave
1.984 kHz
325
Modulation system
Effective symbol length
Mode 3
1 Seg
Carrier interval
No. of carriers
Mode 2
216
649
0.992 kHz
433
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
204
Maximum 5 values
Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 3Segs) interleaving
Inner code
Convolutional coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
Hierarchical transmission
1297
280.85 kpbs – 5.361 kbps
Maximum 2 levels
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
24
Basic transmission parameters (ISDB-Tmm)
Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial multimedia broadcasting
Transmission Parameter
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
13 to 33#1 segments
OFDM segments
Bandwidth
6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz
Carrier interval
3.968 kHz
1.984 kHz
0.992 kHz
No. of carriers
108 * n +1
216 * n + 1
432 * n + 1
Modulation system
Effective symbol length
Guard-interval length
No. of symbols per frame
Time interleave
Frequency interleave
QPSK，16QAM，64QAM，DQPSK
252 s
504 s
1.008 ms
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of effective symbol length
204
Maximum 4 values
Intra-segment (or inter-segment: 13Segs) interleaving
Inner code
Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)
Outer code
RS (204, 188)
Information bit rate
Hierarchical transmission
280.85* n kbps – 1475.5 * n kbps
Maximum 3 levels for 13 segment part
n : number of segment
#1: case of Japan
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
25
ISDB-T mm (mobile multimedia) system
ISDB-Tmm transmission signal
13 to 33 segment , Channel Bandwidth : 6000 / 14 * n +38.48 kHz
13 segment part
1 segment part
Example of the ISDB-Tmm compliant receivers
with ISDB-T (13 segment) and ISDB-Tsb (1
segment ) demodulator.
 Partial reception of 13 seg part or 1 seg part
 Multi-Channel real-time and non real time services
such as audio / video clips, e-books, etc.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009