Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) 14
DOCUMENT #:
GSC14-GRSC7-008
FOR:
Presentation
SOURCE:
TIA
AGENDA ITEM:
GRSC Agenda Item 4.3, Reconfigurable Radio Systems
CONTACT(S):
Anil Kripalani, akripalani@wirefreecom.net
GSC-14
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS)
TIA and PPSO Summary
Anil Kripalani, TIA
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Fostering worldwide interoperability
Reconfigurable Radios – The Problem - ITS
Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology solution in several
application areas.
From an ITS Reconfigurable Radios perspective -Wireless
standards change on average every 18 months, while average
automobile design takes 3 years, and cars last an average of 10
years.
Without Radio Reconfiguration capability, different RF hardware
has to be designed and provisioned per region, per function
Particularly severe constraint in vehicles – analog and digital audio,
GPS tracking, WWAN/Internet, WWAN/Emergency Information
Delivery, tolls/EZPass, key access, radar, BT, WLAN, etc.
Updates (critical or not) in any of the wireless technologies means
cost.
Multimode Mobiles need to support different 3G/4G/WLAN/BT
standards and 5+ frequency bands today, and more coming
Cost, power implications
Will get worse with future multipurpose broadband devices for
converged WWAN/WLAN/PAN/BAN..
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Reconfigurable Radios – The Problem Public Safety
Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology solution in several
application areas.
In Public Safety applications, Public Safety Users often have
to communicate over a wide range of spectrum bands, and large
geographic areas, but also need secure, resilient, inter-operable
devices, and coverage in areas whether other radio devices
typically do not work, or have marginal connectivity.
They also need to be easy to use, durable, long battery life, and
work in high noise environments, where the User may have other
life-supporting Personal Protective equipment and Clothing such
as Masks, Air Tanks, Helmets, Gloves, etc., in place.
These are Mission-Critical applications where safety of life and
property is at risk.
Cost and longevity of equipment, along with reliability and interoperability are key factors for this segment which does not have
economies of scale to drive down manufacturing costs.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Reconfigurable Radios – One View of
the ITS Goal
Source: Presentation on SDR by Dr John Chapin
of VANU Inc. at the Fully Networked Car
Conference, Geneva, 5-7 March, 2008
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Reconfigurable Radios - Rationale
Reconfigurable Radios (RRs) are expected to be
upgradable in the field to support future
communications standards and applicable spectral
bands.
RR capable hardware is ‘software loaded’, i.e.
customized, for destination at appropriate point in
supply chain.
Some vendors have integrated RRs in deployed
infrastructure and subscriber units already.
Key question – Whether labels such as RR, or
Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Cognitive Radio
(CR) are just a technology approach that can be
used to deploy existing Radio Air Interface
standards, or do RR/SDR/CR techniques
themselves need standardization? or BOTH?
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Key Interfaces – ITS/SDR Forum
The ITS industry and
the SDR Forum are
asking for a new
“Digital IF” standard
Implies common baseband
processor for multiple
radios
Existing specifications OBSAI, CPRI, DigRF found not appropriate for
automotive requirements
RF configuration
/control is the
challenge
The SDR Forum has
significant activity in
this area
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Frequency band flexibility is still a major
limitation
without Digital RF implementation
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For ITS Applications GSC-13
asked the GSC ITS TF for a report
GSC-13 RES 14 Resolved:
1) to endorse the continuation of the GSC
ITS Task Force hosted by ITU-T APSC
TELEMOV and requests the Task Force to:
...
d) recommend the scope for specific
standards needed to enable Software
Reconfigurable Radio (SRR) for automotive
applications at the next GSC meeting; and
e) report on progress in each of these areas
at the next GSC meeting;
...
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What “IS” a SDR, CR, or RR device?
This question has been discussed in many fora
over the last few years.
Do we use definitions from ITU, CEPT, EC, FCC,
SDR Forum, or others?
Some argue that SDR technology is application
/implementation specific and that
standardization would stifle technology
advancement.
Others advocate that Harmonized Standards
already produced, or to be produced, would
need to be reviewed where regulatory needs
have to be satisfied.
If there is support for SOME standardization
what needs to be standardized? What subject
areas are suitable for standardization?
Some support standardization in Military
Systems but are against standardization of Civil
Systems.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13
In its “2nd Report and Order and Memorandum
Opinion and Order” released November 14, 2008, in
the FCC’s White Spaces proceedings, ET Docket Nos.
04-186 and 02-380, adopting rules for unlicensed
devices to operate in the TV Broadcast band “White
Spaces,” the FCC advised (para. 8) it was adopting a
plan for fixed devices “similar to the provisions of
the draft standard for [TV Band Devices] (“TVBDs”)
under consideration by IEEE 802.22.”
See IEEE 802.22/D0.2 “Draft Standard for Wireless Regional Area
Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications.
The FCC did note: “the IEEE 802.22 plan does not provide for fixed
devices to communicate with personal/portable devices on a
master/client basis.”
However, under the FCC Rules adopted in the Order, fixed TVBDs
will be allowed to communicate with personal/portable devices
operating independently or using a master/client model.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13
In that Order the FCC is also concerned
with measurement techniques and
ensuring that licensed services do not
receive harmful interference. Footnote
143 notes:
With respect to its indoor measurements, the MSTV Study
showed significant variations in the field strength of local TV
stations in different rooms and outdoors at ground level at
residential locations within the stations’ service areas, while
at the same time reception was generally available on the
homes’ DTV receiving system. See also Attachment to NAF
Technical comments, “White Spaces Engineering Study:
Can Cognitive Radio Technology Operating in the TV
White Spaces Completely Protect Licensed TV
Broadcasting?” Working Paper #16, (NAF Study) Mark
Sturza and Farzad Ghazvinian, January 2007.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13
In its White Space Order, the FCC also
provided for Equipment Certification Under A
“Proof Of Performance” Standard.
At Para. 257 the FCC notes:
As indicated above, we are providing a special equipment
certification procedure for approval of sensing only
devices that demonstrate the ability to detect protected
services with a high level of accuracy. In providing this
procedure, we recognize that cognitive radio
technology, including sensing, is in its nascent stage
of development for commercial applications.
Cognitive radio technology holds great promise for
increasing . . . spectrum access to the benefit of
consumers and businesses and we find it in the
public interest to continue to encourage the
development of this technology. (Emphasis added)
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Some possible applications for
TVDB devices
SOURCE: TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March 10, 2009,
Matthew Sherman, Affiliation – BAE Systems
www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/09-March/2009-0310%20TV%20Whitespace%20Tutorial%20r0.pdf
Rural Broadband Deployment
Auxiliary Public Safety Communications
Educational and Enterprise Video Conferencing
Personal Consumer Applications
Mesh Networks
Security Applications
Municipal Broadband Access (Muni 2.0)
Enhanced Local Coverage and Communications
Fixed backhaul
Sensor aggregation / backhaul – e.g., for Smart Grid
meter reading
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Recent Activity - ETSI
As reported at GSC-13 ETSI created a Technical
Committee for Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) in
January 2008 to study the feasibility of standardization
related to Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive
Radio (CR).
In its current report to GSC-14 ETSI notes Current
Activities include:
Feasibility studies of standardization of SDR and CR;
SDR: focus on nodes as mobile devices and base stations,
CR: focus on functional architecture;
Liaisons with relevant regulatory bodies.
Definition issues (SDR, CR) settled: aligning with
ITU-R work.
Substantial interest to start to standardize SDR and
CR.
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Recent Activity - ITU
Definition of SDR
There is general agreement to use the
definition from Recommendation ITU-R
M.1797 as the basis.
Working documents have evolved.
According to the updated working document
towards draft CPM text of WRC-11 Agenda
Item 1.19, the concepts of SDR and CRS are
as follows:
Software defined radio (SDR): A radio transmitter and/or
receiver employing a technology that allows the RF operating
parameters including, but not limited to, frequency range,
modulation type, or output power to be set or altered by software,
excluding changes to operating parameters which occur during
the normal pre-installed and predetermined operation of a radio
according to a system specification or standard.
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Recent Activity - ITU
Cognitive Radio System: A radio system
employing technology that allows the system to
obtain knowledge of its operational and
geographical environment, established policies
and its internal state; to dynamically and
autonomously adjust its operational parameters
and protocols according to its obtained
knowledge in order to achieve predefined
objectives; and to learn from the results
obtained.
SOURCE: The 6th Meeting of the APT Wireless Forum,
31 March – 03 April 2009, Danang, Vietnam,
Document AWF-6/INP-40
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Recent Activity - ISAAC
ISACC has proposed to GSC-14 text for a
Revision of the RESOLUTION on this HIS.
ISACC has also included the following in
its input on Rural and Remote
Broadband Services (RRBS),
RESOLUTION GSC-14/21:
Considering “. . . . c) that many countries consider
broadband delivery or Internet delivery as part of
their infrastructure (A number of countries are
investing in rural broadband as part of their
economic stimulus programs).”
Resolves “. . . 7) to encourage the inclusion of
smart radio technology in broadband services
intended to operate in remote and rural areas to
allow access to underutilized radio spectrum.”
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Recent Activity - TIA
Relative to Reconfigurable Radios, TIA TR-8
focuses on Public Safety
Users in TR-8 have expressed a desire to look at SDR
aspects, and a subcommittee was created years ago, TR-8.7,
but has been relatively inactive.
The P25 Steering Committee continues to get reports on the
SDR Forum, and continues to have interest.
Multiple bands are in use by systems for first responders
TR-8 Chair reported renewed interest in
Software Defined Radio (SDR) work.
TIA TR-8 P25 Air Interface Standards have
been deployed using SDR/CR/RRS-like
technologies by at least three vendors since
GSC-13.
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Challenges
Digital IF interface specification (ITS)
Support for multiple radios, on plug and play basis, nearer term
Support for growing number of wireless
standards
C2K, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, EV-DOrA, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX, 802.11x,
802.15.x, 802.16d, 802.20, etc as applicable)
Also BT2.x/3.x, Zigbee, UWB, NFC, new CAI for BAN profiles, etc.
Tunable filters and amplifiers, broadband
antennas.
Digital RF for global frequency flexibility, (no need
for ‘agility’?)
450MHz/700MHz/850MHz/900MHz/GPS1.575GHz/Galileo1.278GHz/GL
ONASS/1.7GHz/1.8GHz/1.9GHz/AWS/2.3GHz/2.5GHz/3.3GHz/3.5GHz/
4.9GHz/5.8GHz
low power, low footprint, in CMOS, hence low cost, RFICs
an implementation challenge, to achieve economies of scale.
FCC security requirement to prevent hacking to
alter operating band.
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Proposed Resolution- Revision
RESOLUTION GSC-13/XX: (GRSC) Software Defined Radios and
Cognitive Radio Systems
SDR-CR Resolution will likely need
updating based on results reported at
GSC-14 by GSC Members on the HIS Panel.
ISACC has provided a Contribution to be
discussed at the Resolution Drafting group
for this HIS.
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Supplemental Slides
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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ANSI / ESOs Meeting
The subject of SDR was on the
agenda for the ANSI/ESOs
meeting in Washington, DC,
September 2008
Panel Discussion
GSC-13 SDR Results discussed by
Jorgen Friis and Dan Bart
William Hurst of FCC provided a USA
Regulatory perspective
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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ETSI Deliverables since GSC-13
Three ETSI reports have been
approved:
TR 102 680, “SDR architecture for mobile
device” (published).
TR 102 681, “Radio Base Station (RBS)
Software Defined Radio (SDR) status”.
TR 102 682, “Functional Architecture (FA), for
the management and control of Reconfigurable
Radio Systems.
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ETSI Presentations since GSC-13
ETSI
Presentation:
Towards
standardization
of Cognitive
Radio, 1st IBBTMIT Joint Workshop
on Cognitive Radio
Standardization &
Markets 11 May
2009 – Brussels
(Belgium), by
Andrea Lorelli,
ETSI RRS
Technical Officer
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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Recent Activity - IEEE
P802.22 series for cognitive wireless
RAN medium access control (MAC) and
physical layer (PHY) specifications:
policies and procedures for operation in
the TV bands
P1900 series under SCC 41, Dynamic
Spectrum Access Networks, including
terminology, analysis of interference
and coexistence, spectrum access,
architectural building blocks for
distributed device decision making
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
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NIJ Support for Public Safety
Applications
Multi-Band / Multi-Mode Radio
for Public Safety Applications
A project supported by the National
Institute of Justice CommTech*
organization.
www.ece.vt.edu/swe/chamrad/
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SOURCE: TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March
10, 2009, Matthew Sherman, Affiliation – BAE
Systems
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IEEE Definitions of Dynamic Spectrum
Access and Cognitive Radio
According to the P1900.1 Standard: Dynamic Spectrum Access is the real-time
adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response
to changing circumstances and objectives.
Cognitive Radio is a type of Radio in which
communication systems are aware of their
environment and internal state and can make
decisions about their radio operating behavior
based on that information and predefined
objectives.
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SDR Forum
February 2009 Tutorial at IEEE 802
SDR Forum: A nonprofit “mutual benefit
corporation” dedicated to:
“Promoting the success of next-generation radio
technologies”
The perception of the SDR Forum’s 108
Member organizations:
– Supporting multiple air interface standards
– Enabling dynamic spectrum access and
cognitive radio
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SDR Forum Tutorial February 2009
“Securing Software Reconfigurable
Communications Technology”
Customers
– Radio Manufacturers, Operators,
Regulators
Purpose
– Presents a set of threats
common to Software
Reconfigurable Communication
Devices
– Presents a set of functional
requirements for security
mechanisms and counter
measures that address this set
Status
– In Technical Committee Ballot
– Project expected to complete by
April meeting
Next Steps
– Profiles for specific markets
Geneva, 13-16 July 2009
Requirements List
1.
2.
Policy-driven behavior
Stakeholder-driven
Policy
3. Device attestation
4. Protected download
5. Policy-compliant
installation and
instantiation
6. Run-time control
7. Resource integrity
8. Access control
9. Audit
10. Process separation
11. Implementation
assurance
12. Supportive operations
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