UNIVERSITY OF MALTA
FACULTY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
B.Sc. (HONS.) BEN
JANUARY 2013 EXAMINATION SESSION
YEAR I
Unit Code: CNM1421
Unit Title: Materials & the Environment
Date: Monday 28th January 2013
Time: 09:15 – 10:45
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INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS: ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND ANY OTHER TWO
QUESTIONS.
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Question 1. (30 Marks)
Outline in a diagram the main stages of a product life cycle from cradle to grave.
List the different steps which are followed in a Life Cycle Analysis. Briefly explain the significance of each
step of the Life Cycle Analysis.
Question 2. (35 marks)
Outline the main options which can be considered at the end-of-life of a product.
With reference to concrete products and elements, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different
end-of-life options. Support your answer with examples.
Question 3. (35 marks)
Explain all the processes involved in the extraction and production of aggregate with particular reference to
crushed rock limestone aggregate.
Discuss the aggregate Product Life Cycle, from cradle to gate, outlining also the input requirements and
outputs from the system at the separate different stages of the life cycle.
Question 4. (35 marks)
Outline all the main processes involved in the extraction and production of limestone masonry blocks.
Identify the main environmental concerns and discuss the negative effects on the environment, with
reference to the product extraction and production.
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