Overview of Satellite Remotely Sensed Data
Products, with Applications and Examples
Applicable to Mountain Climate
Assessments
John Dwyer
dwyer@usgs.gov
Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)
Contractor to the USGS Center for Earth Resources
Observation and Science (EROS)
MTNCLIM 2006
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey National Center for
Earth Resource Observations and Science
1
Outline
Landsat Product Characteristics
EO-1 Instrument and Data Characteristics
Advanced Land Imager (ALI)
Hyperion
MODIS Instrument and Product Characteristics
ASTER Instrument and Product Characteristics
Data Applications Examples
LANDFIRE
Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
2
Landsat 7 L0R Product
L7 Level 0 Reformatted
Product (L0Rp)
Reformatted, raw data
Reverse scan corrections
applied
Pixels are not resampled,
geometrically corrected,
or registered
Input product for higherlevel processing (L1G)
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
3
Landsat 7 L1R Product
L7 Level 1 Radiometrically
Corrected (L1R)
Radiometrically corrected
L0Rp product, calibrated in
radiance units
Corrects coherent noise,
banding, striping, dropped
lines/pixels
Radiometric corrections are
not reversible
Products are 2x in file size
(converted from 8-bit to 16bit)
Pixels are not resampled,
geometrically corrected, or
registered
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
4
Landsat 5/7 L1G Product
L5/L7 Level 1 Geometrically
Corrected (L1G)
Radiometrically and
geometrically corrected
(systematic)
Use Payload Correction Data
(PCD) or Definitive
Ephemeris (DE) to improve
geometric accuracy
User-specified parameters
including output map
projection, image
orientation, pixel grid-cell
size, and resampling kernel
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
5
Landsat 5/7 L1P & L1T Products
L5/L7 Level 1 Precision
Corrected (L1P)
Radiometric and geometric
correction
Use of ground control points
(GCPs) to improve geometric
accuracy
L5/L7 Level 1 Terrain Corrected
(L1T)
Radiometric, geometric, and
precision correction
Use of a digital elevation model
(DEM) to correct parallax error
due to local terrain elevation
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
6
ETM+ SLC Anomaly Impact
Note that the images show partial scenes, from the
western edge through the scene center.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
7
Earth Observing - 1
Three land imaging instruments
on EO-1 will collect multispectral
and hyperspectral scenes over
the course of the EO-1 mission
in coordination with Landsat-7,
SAC_C and Terra. Detailed
comparisons of EO-1 and Landsat
Enhanced Thematic Mapper
(ETM+) images will be carried out
to validate these EO-1 instruments
for follow-on missions.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
8
EO-1 Instrument Overviews
Landsat 7
Parameters
Spectral Range
Spatial Resolution
ETM+
EO-1
ALI
Multispectral
0.4 - 2.4 µm * 0.4 - 2.4 µm
EO-1
HYPERION
AC
0.4 - 2.5 µm 0.9 - 1.6 µm
30 m
30 m
30 m
250 m
Swath Width
185 Km
36
37 Km
7.5 Km
185 Km
Spectral Resolution
Variable
Variable
10 nm
2.8
3 - 9 nm **
Spectral Coverage
Discrete
Discrete
Continuous
Continuous
15 m
10 m
N/A
N/A
7
10
220
256
Pan Band Resolution
Total Number of Bands
* Excludes thermal channel
** 35 cm-1 constant resolution
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
9
EO-1 and Landsat 7
Descending Orbit Ground Tracks
Landsat 7
ETM+
EO-1
ALI
N
EO-1
Atmospheric
Corrector
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
EO-1
Hyperion
10
Landsat 7 /EO-1/ SAC-C / Terra
Constellation
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
11
EO- 1 ALI Imagery
Advanced Land Imager
January 01, 2002
30-Meter Multi-spectral
Egypt
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
12
La Plata, Maryland Tornado
Advanced Land Imager
Imager
May 01, 2002
30-Meter Multi-spectral
spectral
Captured, Processed,
distributed Same Day
Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
13
Utility of Hyperion Data
Agriculture
Forests
Minerals
Deserts
Grasslands
Glaciers
Australia
Canada
United States
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Antarctica
Argentina
14
Sahara
Hyperion Hyperspectral Analysis
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
15
MODIS Instrumentation
Broad Spectral Coverage
Band
Λ (µm)
Res.(m)
Band
Λ (µm)
Res.(m)
Band
Λ (µm)
Res.(m)
1
0.62-0.67
250
13
0.662-0.672
1000
25
4.482-4.549
1000
2
0.841-0.876
250
14
0.673-0.683
1000
26
1.360-1.390
1000
3
0.459-0.479
500
15
0.743-0.753
1000
27
6.535-6.895
1000
4
0.545-0.565
500
16
0.862-0.877
1000
28
7.175-7.475
1000
5
1.230-1.250
500
17
0.890-0.920
1000
29
8.400-8.700
1000
6
1.628-1.652
500
18
0.931-0.941
1000
30
9.580-9.880
1000
7
2.105-2.155
500
19
0.915-0.965
1000
31
10.780-11.280
1000
8
0.405-0.420
1000
20
3.660-3.840
1000
32
11.770-12.270
1000
9
0.438-0.448
1000
21
3.929-3.989
1000
33
13.185-13.485
1000
10
0.483-0.493
1000
22
3.929-3.989
1000
34
13.485-13.785
1000
11
0.526-0.536
1000
23
4.020-4.080
1000
35
13.785-14.085
1000
12
0.546-0.556
1000
24
4.433-4.498
1000
36
14.085-14.385
1000
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
16
MODIS Instrumentation
Broad Spectral Coverage
REFLECTIVE Bands
EMISSIVE Bands
0.405 – 2.155 µm
VEGETATION INDICES
3.660 – 14.385 µm
LAND, CLOUD, SEA SURFACE
CHLOROPHYLL
VOLCANIC/FIRE ACTIVITY
LAND COVER
CLOUD PARAMETERS
AEROSOL PROPERTIES
TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
OZONE
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
17
Land Products Available from the Land
Processes Distributed Active Archive Center
(LP DAAC)
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
MOD 09
Surface Reflectance
MOD 43
BRDF / Albedo
MOD 11
Land Surf. Temp. / Emissivity
MOD 14
Thermal Anomalies / Fire
MOD 12
Land Cover / Change
MOD 13
Vegetation Indices
MOD 15
Leaf Area Index / FPAR
MOD 17
Veg.Net Primary Production
MOD 44
Vegetation Continuous Fields
18
MODIS Land Product
Characteristics
Temporal
1-, 8-, 16-, 32-day, monthly, quarterly, yearly
Spatial
250m, 500m, 1km, 28km, 56km
Level 2
Derived geophysical variables at the same resolution
and location as Level 1 source data
Level 2G
Level 2 data mapped on uniform space-time grid
scales
Level 3
Variables mapped on uniform space-time grid scales
in derived spatial and/or temporal resolutions
Level 4
Model output or results from analyses of lower-level
data.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
19
Sinusoidal Map Projection
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
20
MODIS
Surface
Reflectance
Eastern U.S.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
21
MODIS
Surface
Reflectance
Yangtze
River
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
22
ASTER Instrument & Sensor Systems
Baseline Performance Requirements
Subsystem Band No.
VNIR
SWIR
TIR
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Spectral Range (µm) Spatial Res.
1
2
3N
3B
0.52 – 0.60
0.63 – 0.69
0.78 – 0.86
0.78 – 0.86
15 m
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.600 – 1.700
2.145 – 2.185
2.185 – 2.225
2.235 – 2.285
2.295 – 2.365
2.360 – 2.430
30 m
10
11
12
13
14
8.124 – 8.475
8.475 – 8.825
8.925 – 9.275
10.25 – 10.95
10.95 – 11.65
90 m
23
ASTER Spectral Bands
TIR
ASTER
SWIR
VNIR
15 m
1
2
30 m
3N
3B
L7 PAN
30 m 1 2 3
10 11 12
4
13
14
90 m
567 8 9
15 m
4
5
6
7
60 m
Landsat 7 ETM+
.4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
1.6 1.7
24
2.0
2.4
8
9
10
11
12
ASTER data
over San
Francisco –
Subscene of
VNIR data
displayed as
false-color IR
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
25
ASTER data
over San
Francisco –
Clockwise from
upper left: VNIR,
SWIR, TIR, water
temperature
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
26
ASTER Data Products
Level-1A (VNIR, SWIR, & TIR)
Level-1B (VNIR, SWIR, & TIR)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Decorrelation Stretch
Brightness Temperature
Surface Reflectance
Surface Radiance
Surface Emissivity
Surface Kinetic Temperature
Polar Cloud Classification and
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
27
ASTER Data Processing is
On-demand
You require
To produce
User must identify
Level-1A granule(s)
as input and ensure
that the granule has
required data
(bands) for
processing the
request.
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Decorrelation Stretch (VNIR)
1, 2, 3N
Decorrelation Stretch (SWIR)
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Decorrelation Stretch (TIR)
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Brightness Temperature
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Surface Emissivity
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Surface Reflectance
1, 2, 3N, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Surface Kinetic Temperature
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Surface Radiance (VNIR, SWIR)
1, 2, 3N, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Surface Radiance (TIR)
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
3N, 3B
28
Selected Vegetation Cover Types from
LANDFIRE in the Mt Hood Area
ETM+ Vegetation
classification
Courtesy Zhi-Liang
Zhu, USGS
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
29
Selected Vegetation Cover Types from
LANDFIRE in Mt Hood
Courtesy Zhi-Liang Zhu, USGS
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
30
Field Reference Plots Overlay on a
Vegetation Cover Type Map
Courtesy Zhi-Liang Zhu, USGS
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
31
Field Reference Plots Overlay on A
Vegetation Cover Type Map
Mesic western hemlock
Dry Douglas-fir
Mesic
montane
mixed
conifer
forest
Mount
Hood
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
32
Courtesy Zhi-Liang Zhu, USGS
Master_ID
Attributes
recorded
for field
reference
plots –
7000086
Orig_TreeC
0
RegID
BLM
Orig_Shrub
0
ProjID
CVS_MDVW
Orig_HerbC
0
PlotID
111
Orig_TreeH
0
Date_
3/20/2000
Orig_Shr_1
0
Albers_x
-2181648
Orig_HerbH
0
Albers_y
2505946
LF_Zone
7
LF_TreeC
LF_ShrubC
Orig_Eco_S
Orig_Allia
22
LF_HerbC
3
LF_TreeHt
20
Orig_Cover
Conifer forest
LF_ShrubHt
0
Orig_CTSou
BLM_CVS_Fore
st Type Code
LF_HerbHt
0
NS_Lifefor
Forest and
Woodland
Orig_PV
LF_Lifefor
Tree
LF_EVT
Mediterranean
California Mixed
Evergreen Forest
LF_EVTCode
Douglas-fir/salal-dwarf
Oregongrape
Orig_PVAli
2043
Orig_PVCod
CDS522
Orig_PVSou
200
LF_ESP
North Pacific Maritime DryMesic Douglas-fir-Western
Hemlock Forest
Dom_Lifefo
Tree
DomSp
Pseudotsuga
menziesii
DomSp_Life
Tree
Photo_2
DomSpC
92.09999847410
Photo_3
Photo_4
CoDomSp
Chrysolepis
chrysophylla var.
chrysophylla
CoDomSp_Li
Tree
CoDomSpC
LF_ESPCode
1037
Photo_1
6
Reference
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
100
33
USDOI Bureau of Land
Management, Natural
Resource Inventory, first
occasion data, collected from
western Oregon between
1997 and 2002.
Decrease
in glacier
area and
retreat of
terminus
position in
response
to climate
change
Kargel, et al.,
Spring 2002
AGU
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
34
Silty Lake
Terminus
recession
Bhutan, north side Himalaya
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
35
A. Kääb / University of Zurich
Zurich
Himalayas
A.
Kääb / University of Zurich
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Zurich
Bhutan - Tibet
36
Monitoring changes in glaciers
and glacier lakes
Tibet Himalaya
Bhutan Himalaya
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Portion of an ASTER Level-1A VNIR image acquired on
November 20, 2001.
M. Bishop37and J. Shroder, U. Nebraska-Omaha
Monitoring Supraglacial
and Proglacial Lakes
Thorthomi
Tsho
Raphsthreng
Tsho
2 kilometers
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Lugge Tsho
N
The stagnating termini of glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya.
Glacial lakes have been rapidly forming on the surfaces of debriscovered glaciers worldwide during the last few decades.
M. Bishop and 38J. Shroder, U. Nebraska-Omaha
Additional Information
USGS Center for EROS
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/
USGS Landsat/LDCM Projects
http://ldcm.usgs.gov/
NASA Land Processes DAAC
http://lpdaac.usgs.gov/
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
39