ICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable Development
- ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions-
Koichi Fujinuma
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
JAPAN
ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change
Accra, Ghana, 7-8 July 2011
Global Warming and ICT
1
 ICTs themselves produce CO2 emissions due to consumption of electrical power to operate equipment/systems.
 On the other hand, ICT usage can contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions due to a marked improvement in the
efficiency of production, consumption and business, also that of traffic alternatives, and a reduction in traffic volume.
 It is possible to make environmental measurements and predictions using ICT.
Improved energy efficiency
Improved efficiency of production
and consumption
• ＩＴＳ (Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights)
• BEMS (Building energy management system)
• HEMS (Household energy management system)
Reduced movement of
people and products
•
•
•
•
Online shopping, online trading
Telework, TV conferencing
Music, video, and software distribution
e-applications (tax declarations, online receipts)
General
households
Production/
distribution/
transportation
• Supply chain management
• e-publication and distribution
• Paperless office
Environmental measurements
and predictions
Offices/
shops
• Radar for measuring CO2
• Sensing network
• Global simulator
Use of ICT
Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting wider use of ICT
The Great East Japan Earthquake
Near-term electricity supply-demand
forecast in TEPCO areas
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
2
Power Shortage in JAPAN
large-lot power users; midsized and small corporations; and households
→ cut electricity use this summer by a uniform 15 percent from a year ago
ICT related solutions
Short-term solution
・Telecommuting
・Visualization of energy
consumption
Long-term solution
・Smart meter
・Renewable energy
Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
3
Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues)
4
The New Growth Strategy (Cabinet decision) (June, 2010)
Toward becoming the world’s top environment and energy power through
a comprehensive policy package
Japan will play a leading role in a low-carbon society, having set a Japanese target of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020 compared to the 1990 level;
this target is premised on the creation of a fair and effective international framework
that includes all major economies and an agreement on ambitious targets by each of
them. Under an initiative to be known as “Challenge 25, ” Japan will mobilize all possible
policy tools to advance this initiative together with the Japanese people.
The New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology
(May, 2010)
○Goals for 2020
Smart grid network shall become a common practice. We shall also see the
home and business sectors reducing CO2 emission as the Information and
communications technology-aided zero-energy buildings becomes a reality in
typical new homes and in all new public buildings.
4
MIC‘s “ICT Restoration Vision 2.0”（April, 2010）
Build the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based society
●
By around 2015, achieve 100% of “New Broadband Super Highway”
(all households use broadband services).
Maximize Japan’s potential
●
Through the “Japan x ICT” strategy, achieve an annual average
potential growth rate of approximately 2.6% over the next 10 years
(2011 – 2020).
Make contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the world
●
Achieve CO2 emissions reductions of more than 10% from 1990 levels
by 2020 through the ICT.
→ Promote ICT green project
5
MIC’s ICT Green Project
6
1)Greening of the ICT system itself (Green of ICT)
・Responding to increased power consumption by expanding usage of ICT systems (e.g., R&D to conserve power in
the overall system from carrier equipment to in-home equipment)
2)Greening of other fields through extensive use of ICT (Green by ICT)
・E.g., formulation of communication standards for achieving early practical implementation of smart meters
・Establishing best practices such as by demonstration testing to promote usage of ICT
3)International cooperation
・Establishment of methodologies for evaluating GHG reductions by using ICTs and contribute to International
Organizations.
Carrier data
center
Office
Communication
network
Home
Reducing CO2 emissions at
companies and homes by
using ICT and making power
consumption more efficient
3) International cooperation
(e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO2 emissions)
Reduction of CO2 emissions
Green-of-ICT : R&D on “Green of ICT”
Technology
Application
High-reliability, power-saving
network control technology to
support cloud services
Reduce power usage through
optimal control of entire network
by carriers
Ultra high-speed optical edge
node
Reduce power usage of large
routers of carriers
High-speed, power-saving
network node
Reduce power usage of generalpurpose routers
Power-saving broadband setup technology
Reduce power usage of ICT
equipment in the home
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Nationwide network of carriers
Control the number of routers used in
accordance with the traffic volume
Sleeping network
Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from
carrier equipment to in-home equipment
Discovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissions
through a competitive funding system
Home
Office bldg.
Green-of-ICT : Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field
8
Members of the Conference on Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field
・Telecommunications Carriers Association
・Communications and Information Network Association of Japan ・Telecom Services Association
・ASP and SaaS Industry Consortium
・Japan Internet Providers Association
* MIC participates as an observer.
Evaluation standards for equipment and data centers
(1) Equipment
・Small routers ・L2 switches ・Transport equipment (WDM) ・PON equipment（GE-PON） ・Broadband
base station equipment (WiMAX)
・External power supplies (AC adapters) ・Server equipment
An estimate based on evaluation indicators was determined on a 5 point scale, and the ranking
was indicated by number of stars (★-★★★★★). Of these, two stars (★★) was taken to be the
rank including the standard value.
(2) Data centers
For the moment, PUE※ was adopted as one indicator of energy conservation at data centers.
* PUE （Power Usage Effectiveness) = Power consumption of entire facility/Power consumption of ICT
“Self-evaluation checklist” and “Eco ICT Mark”
Telecommunications carriers evaluate their own efforts to reduce CO2
emissions according to a checklist, and publish the efforts they are making.
If a company describes their specific efforts for all mandatory items, then they
can use the “Eco ICT Mark”
Green of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data Centers
9
As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise
dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air
conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power
consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the
power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by
conducting highly effective demonstration experiments.
Cooling through air
conditioners
Heat
Heat
Heat
Cooling through
introduction of outside air
Air-conditioning method using
outside air, and snow and ice, etc.
CO2
CO2
Power supply
電源設備
facilities
Within IT devices
Data Center in low-temperature region
PUE1.2～1.5
Data Center in central Tokyo suburbs
PUE1.5～2.5
Management server
High-speed network
Virtualization (shared platform)
Commercial grid
ＡＣ
｜
商 ＤＣ
用
電
源
IT機器内
Conversion loss, small
ＤＣ or
DC 300V
3 00 V以上
more
高圧直流受電
High-voltage
DC
power supply system
ＤＣ
｜
ＤＣ ３.３Ｖ
ｅｔｃ．
Conventional air
conditioning
Ventilation air
conditioning
Direct air conditioning
Evaporative air
conditioning
Combinations of different air conditioning
methods and their efficient operation
Weather data
PUE/CO2 emissions
surveillance/management server
Integrated operations and
management using cloud technology
Green-of-ICT： Reducing power consumption in the ICT field
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・In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption
in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to
increased ICT usage.
・In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as
optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and
promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons
(72.3 billion kWh).
Annual power consumption
Communication 1057 + broadcasting 199
1256
x 100,000,000 kWh
1400
1200
◆：No Action case
■：New Measures case
1000
800
600
400
(51.50 million t-CO2）
Communication 570
+ broadcasting 180
53.3 billion kWh/yr
（21.85 million ｔ-CO2）
750
652
Communication 502
+ broadcasting 150
597
Communication 440 +
broadcasting 157
200
723
（29.66 million t-CO2）
Communication 573
+ broadcasting 150
0
2005
2012
2020
Year
* CO2 emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh
Copyright(c) 2010 日本電信電話株式会社
Green-by-ICT： Efforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissions
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Factory
Related policies
BEMS
ＩＴＳ
Office
Transportation
Smart grid
Ｅ-Commerce
HEMS
Store
Home
●Special Ubiquitous Area Project
(Demonstration of environmental
home account book using
ASP/SaaS, and appliance state
monitoring service using PLC
etc. )
●Investigation and demonstration
of ITS systems for realizing a
low-carbon society
●Investigation and research on
next-generation telecommuting
environments
●Demonstration experiments on
shared systems for
telecommuting
Etc.
teleworking
Green-by-ICT: teleworking
12
Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,”
IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010
We shall advance the development of an appropriate environment and public education to help promote teleworking.
Teleworking contributes to prompting the aged and physically impaired to engage with the world, creating employment
opportunities for persons of diverse employment needs — for example, women who are forced to stay home to raise their
children or to care for someone — and revitalizing local communities.
Timetable: Reach 7 million home-based teleworkers by 2015
Home-based teleworkers:
~3.27 million (2009)
Reference: State of Telework Adoption in Japan
Teleworkers accounted for 15.3 percent of the total labor
force in 2009 (“Telework Population Survey 2009,” Ministry of Land,
Telework had been introduced at 19.0 percent of
private businesses in 2009 (“Telecommunications Usage Trend
Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)
Survey 2009,” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)
25
Have specific telework plans
具体的導入計画あり
20
4.0
5.2
15
3.5
10
5
3.2
2.2
7.1
7.6
2005年
2006年
10.8
15.7
19.0
0
Employed
SelfEmployed
Total
Percentage of home-based teleworkers
2007年
2008年
2009年
Green-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart Community
13
To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and
demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will
establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental
loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization
of consumption.
Data center
Wide area network
Neighborhood network
IPv6
net
work
cloud
Data center
Data center
In-home network
Monitoring/Control center
Points to be demonstrated (Examples)
Verification of network combination
suited to local characteristics
Radio frequency band available in local
area (white space)
Verification of best approach for
management/protection of data in cloud system
Verification of security issues in cloud
system
Establish necessary
technical standards
List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects)
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Projects promoting the standardization of integrated
network-based control systems
Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
(Tohoku University, etc.)
Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where
residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area
so that people can live in harmony with the natural
environment.
Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture
(Keio University, etc.)
Centering on a port terminal building,
constructed a communication system
that integrated various existing but
independently standardized
technologies (communication
networks, communication QoS,
security, information appliances,
EV/ITS, smart grid).
Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture
(Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, etc.)
Constructed specifications for the visualization of energy
consumption and data-based simulation of forecasts of electric
power usage in a local community centered on a hospital. Also
examined and simulated regional energy storage data systems
and electric power transfer systems that will be needed in the
future.
Projects constructing regional ICT system
infrastructure that mitigates environmental
impact
Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture
(Hirosaki University, etc.)
Constructed and demonstrated an ICT system that
measures electric power usage with sensors in
each home to make electricity usage more efficient
and optimal with the use of a system that simulates
demand forecasts within a regional network cloud.
Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture
(Kajima Corporation, etc.)
Verified technical specifications for home communications
in residential districts and verified the potential for a unique
Japanese smart grid that targets multiple energy and
resource modalities, such as electricity, gas, water, and
automobiles.
Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture
(NTT West Japan, etc.)
Confirmed the reliability and security of communication
networks for community-based energy-management systems,
made it possible to visualize energy consumption, and verified
the contribution this made on lowering environmental impact.
Example 1. Pilot Project in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
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Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are
spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment
Emission
Reduction
(percentage)
Contributing factors assumed in the calculation of CO2
emission reductions (percentage)

Sendai
Kurihara was formed with the
2005 merger of nine towns
and one village
11.2%
~40 km (wider in the east-west direction than
Tokyo’s 23 wards)
Special characteristics
 Residences and municipal offices
(administrative functions) are spread
over a broad area
 Residents near Mt. Kurikoma and other
regions are far from any municipal office
10 municipal offices
(administrative functions) are
spread out in a 20-kilometer
radius of the main town hall

Monitoring of energy consumption by ICT systems
Cloud (monitoring of energy consumption by
buildings)
~20
約20km
km
20kam
Town
hall
市役所
Municipal
office
支所
Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011)
magnitude 6: Kurikoma, Semine
16
Example 2. Pilot Project in Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture
Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that
integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks,
communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).
Project Results:
・Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls
・Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and
integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields
Air conditioning on/off
controls
Input data
• RFID data on room entry/exit
• Temperature and humidity data
• Room-comfort survey data
• Predictive simulations
↓
Cut building’s CO2 emissions by
more than 10 percent
Pilot Project Overview
HVAC control data
Devices outside
climate-controlled
rooms
Electricity data
Private
communication
network (IP-VPN)
Meters
University
(remote location)
Shared platform
Resource
management
server
Environment sensor data
(temperature, humidity,
lighting intensity, air flow)
Lighting intensity
sensor
Emission
Reduction
(percenta
ge)
15.8%
Contributing factors assumed
in the calculation of CO2
Air-flow sensor
emission reductions
(percentage)
Fukue Port terminal building
Control of Air conditioning
equipment in the Port terminal
Temperature and
humidity sensors
EV charging data
Charging station
Solar power data
Solar panels
Fukue Port parking lot
Example of Further Regional Deployments Based on the Regional Pilot Projects’ Results
Full ICT utilization in the business sector (i.e.,
BEMS, FEMS, and SCM)
HEMS and other regional
energy network centers
networking regional systems
BEMS
Solar power data
BEMS
HE
MS
Housing complex
cloud center
HEMS
EV car-sharing
HEMS
HEMS
Fast-charging
station
Lighting controls
HVAC data/controls
Room
temperature/occupancy
sensors
Electric
appliance data
Coordination of clean energy sources and EV
systems
Smartphone
monitoring/control
s
Electric vehicle (EV)
Smart community
EV charging
data/controls
Energy monitors (devices for
viewing energy consumption)
Smart meter data
Home fuel cell (FC) data/controls
Full ICT utilization in homes (i.e., HEMS, visualization of
energy consumption)
17
Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the use of ICT
18
At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be
achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart
grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures
case).
Evaluation Field
Application
2020
（BaU）
Percentage
10000ｔ-CO2
（％）
2020
（New Measure Case）
Percentage
10000ｔCO2
（％）
805
7
0.6
0.0
805
7
0.6
0.0
6
0.0
6
0.0
0.5
0.5
1.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.0
598
1456
2289
1863
0.5
1.2
1.8
1.5
653
0.5
Remote monitoring of vending machines
598
605
2289
644
213
119
97
165
77.2
1169
2
84
130
103
1181
2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.0
Automobile traffic
ITS(Intelligent Transportation system)
1220
1.0
1332
1.1
E-government (national
and local)
Electronic tender processes
6
25
2
1430
9480
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
7.5
6
25
2
2393
2240
370
15545
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
1.8
0.3
12.3
Online shopping
e-tickets for air travel
E-commerce(B2C)
Purchasing of event and other tickets at
convenience stores
ATM terminals
Online trading
E-commerce(B2B)
Supply chain management
Second-hand market
Music content
Video content
Digital Content
Computer software
Newspapers/magazines
Digital patient records
Paperless office
Teleworking
Passenger transport
Video-conferences
e-applications—tax returns
e-applications—online statements
BEMS,HEMS
Energy usage
Smart grids (other than above)
Optimized motor control
Total
Note)a percentage of total greenhouse gas emissions in Japan for 1990
Estimate of reductions in CO2 emissions
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○ Green by ICT
ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent
to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levels in JAPAN.
○ Green of ICT
In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to
reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012.
CO2 emissions from all ICT fields, and reduction effect in CO2 emissions through utilization of ICT
6.0
% relative to total CO2 emissions
in Japan in FY1990
4.0
2.0
CO2 emissions from the use of
ICT devices (Green of ICT)
BaU*
New measures*
4.1％
2.4％
2.4％
30 million ｔ-CO2
51 million t-CO2
68 million t-CO2
95 million ｔ-CO2
30 million ｔ-CO2
0.0
-2.0
155 million ｔ-CO2 Net CO emissions
2
due to ICT = 125
million t-CO2 (10%)
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
5.4％
CO2 emission reduction by the
utilization of ICT (Green by ICT)
7.5％
-12.0
Electric power consumption rate: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh
-14.0
2012
2020
12.3%
Additional measures in 2020
BaU: Business as Usual (Green of ICT): No new measures to reduce CO2 from ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage (by ICT) maintained at current levels
New measures: New effective measures taken to reduce CO2 generated by ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage expands into other fields, with maximum
effort made to promote usage of ICT
Conclusion
ICTs contribute to energy saving in various socio economic activities
○Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving
○Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating
environmental loads
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