ITU Workshop on
“ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management”
(Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013)
Standards For Smart Water
Management
Vijay Mauree
Programme Coordinator
ITU
vijay.mauree@itu.int
Luxor, Egypt, 14-15 April 2013
Background
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Background
ITU Technology Watch Report on ICT
as an enabler to Smart Water
Management
Overview of how ICT can be a strategic
enabler for smart water management
policies and
surveys upcoming ICT standards that
will enable smart water initiatives
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Key Issues Impacting Water Supply
Water on Earth: 2.5% is freshwater
Two-thirds of the freshwater, is
locked up in glaciers
In water scarce areas, a reduction in
water supply is forecasted
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Water Scarce Areas
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Key Issues Impacting Water Supply
Economic growth,
Seasonal climatic conditions
Rising population
Effects linked to climate change:
lengthy droughts and
extreme weather events.
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Water Consumption
How much water is consumed
By people
Economic sectors
Water Footprint
Indicator to assess the consumption of
water for producing consumer goods
How much H2O for
One slice of bread = 40 litres
1 kg wheat = 1,300 litres
Pair of jeans = 10,855 litres
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Water Footprint
For a country
Volume of consumption
Consumption pattern
Climate
Agriculture
Can influence business decisions as
well
Case of beer
South Africa v/s Czech Republic
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ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water
Management
Mapping of water resources and
weather forecasting
Meeting water demand in cities of the
future
Asset management for water
distribution network
JIT irrigation in Agriculture and
Landscaping
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ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water
Management
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Mapping of water resources: ICT
Standards
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Geospatial Portal Architecture – helps
to build information models to
simulate and visualize real life
situations
Enables geoprocessing interoperability
that makes it possible to exchange
geographic information and share
geospatial services over the web
Implemented in INSPIRE
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Mapping of water resources: ICT
Standards
INSPIRE geoportal (www.inspiregeoportal.eu) provides harmonised
geographical information on weather
and hydrological characteristics
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Mapping of water resources: ICT
Standards
Geo-enable web requires GIS
interoperability
OGC and ISO are involved in
standardization work of geographical
information (Geographical Mark up
Language – GML)
GMLJP2 (GML in JPEG 2000) –
encoding specification for inclusion of
geo data as XML metadata in the
image.
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Weather forecasting
The World Weather Watch is composed of three
integrated core system components.
The Global Observing System (GOS) provides observations of
the atmosphere and the earth’s surface (including the surface of
the oceans) from all parts of the globe and from outer space.
The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) combines radio
and telecommunication equipment capable of providing real time
exchange of a huge volume of meteorological data and related
information between international and national meteorological
and hydrological centres.
The Global Data Processing System (GDPS), based on
thousands of linked mini, micro and supercomputers, processes
an enormous volume of meteorological observational data and
generates meteorological products such as analysis, warnings
and forecasts.
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Weather forecasting
The World Weather Watch - WMO
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Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards
ITU-R Study Groups provide necessary support for
the development and utilization of different ICT
systems such as:
Weather satellites that track the progress of hurricanes
and typhoons;
Weather radars that track the progress of tornadoes,
thunderstorms, and the effluent from volcanoes and major
forest fires;
Radio-based meteorological aid systems that collect and
process weather data;
Satellite systems that are also used for dissemination of
information concerning different natural and man-made
disasters.
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Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards
ITU-R Study Group 7 : Remote Sensing
Recommendations
ITU/WMO Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for
Meteorology: Weather, Water and Climate
Monitoring and Prediction
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Meeting water demand in cities of the
future : ICT Standards
Monitor water consumption
Smart Metering
Open Metering System Specification
Acquire data on electricity, gas and water
Enable consumers to track their water usage
Water utilities: information in real time,
minimise non-revenue water
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
standard
Privacy of data
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Asset management for water
distribution network : ICT Standards
Minimise leakage in water distribution
network and time to repair
Manage end to end distribution from
reservoirs to pumping stations to
smart pipes to intelligent metering at
user site
Use of intelligent network of sensors,
nanotechnologies and mobile
Information about water distribution
network at the fingertip
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JIT Irrigation in Agriculture
Wireless sensors can be placed on
crops and in the soil to monitor
monitor humidity levels,
soil moisture
Activate the valves of the irrigation
system on a needs basis to provide
the required volume of water
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JIT Irrigation in Agriculture
When is the right time to irrigate and the
right volume of water that should be
applied.
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ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor
Web
Lack of standardised communications and API
among sensor networks
Standardization bodies involved
OGC
World Wide Web Consortium
IETF
IEEE (IEEE 1451)
Sensor Web Enablement – specifications related to
sensors, data models and web services to enable
sensors to be controlled via the web.
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ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor
Web
Semantic Web – extension of the web in
which semantics of information are
defined
Enable machines to interpret and develop
relationships on content being analysed.
Resource Description Framework (RDF) : data
model
Web Ontology Language for the RDF
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ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0
OGC & WMO: WaterML 2.0 – 2012
New international standard for encoding
and exchanging time series water data.
By standardizing the way that hydrological
data is queried, it becomes easy to access
data from all across the world.
Enables exchange of a broad range of
water information typically associated with
surface and ground water resource
systems.
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ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0
Enables information exchange scenarios
such as:
Exchange of data for operational
monitoring and forecasting programs
Supporting infrastructure operation
(e.g. dams, supply systems)
Exchange of observational and forecast
data for surface water and groundwater
Release of data for public dissemination
Enhancing disaster management
through data exchange
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New Areas for Standardization
Intelligent pipes
Methodologies for water footprints
Big data for smart cities
Geographical 3D Modelling and sensor
web
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Conclusions
ICT can bring enormous benefits to
water stakeholders
Main areas for standards
Semantic sensor web
GIS and remote sensing
Water footprint
Standardised Geoweb toolkit for
developing countries
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