SECTION X DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 185 186 187 The following pages of narrative and graphics in this chapter are the result of gathered data displaying the complexities of domestic violence found within the State of New Jersey. (NOTE: Legislation effective November 12, 1991, added terroristic threats and criminal trespass as domestic violence offenses. Additionally, legislation enacted August 11, 1994, added stalking as a domestic violence offense. This 1994 legislation also expanded domestic violence protection to persons involved in a dating relationship. These legislative changes will effect comparisons of the volume of reported domestic violence acts.) It is through analysis of this data that, hopefully, the keys to preventing future violence can be found. Improvements since the implementation of the Domestic Violence Act are continuing; serious concern has been displayed within many municipal and county agencies whereby various committees and working groups have been formed to help battle this important problem. Revised investigation and reporting procedures by the police; improved processing of domestic complaints by the courts; mandatory in-service training for police and court personnel have all enabled the victim to come forward and implement the constitutional rights granted to all Americans. In 1982, the Domestic Violence Act was instituted to protect battered victims and study the complex problems that spark such aggressive behavior. This legislation also provided the opportunity to identify the causes of violence in the home and put forth a more comprehensive effort to combat the crime of Domestic Violence. The violence within the American domicile has been recognized for decades by elements of government and society with little done to correct the problem. Only recently has this phenomenon begun to receive the attention it deserves. In an effort to understand, identify and treat the incidents of abuse occurring in the home, the State of New Jersey, through its legislature, has provided the means to gain a meaningful insight into this issue. INTRODUCTION Murders increased 45% in 1995 (61) when compared to 1994 (42). Assaults accounted for 53% (45,509) and harassment accounted for 34% (29,139) of the reported offenses in 1995. Arrests were made in 34% (29,061) of the offenses reported for 1995, an increase of 15% when compared to 1994 (25,364). The most frequent day of domestic violence occurrences was Sunday (15,796). For the thirteenth consecutive year, the most frequent hours of domestic violence incidents were between 8:00 p.m. and midnight, when 29% (25,547) of the offenses were reported. Children were involved or present during 45% of all domestic violence offenses occurring in 1995. Specifically, 7% (5,993) were involved and 38% (32,823) were present. Wives were the victims in 25% (21,842) and ex-wives were the victims in 3% (2,462) of the reported domestic violence offenses in 1995. Overall, females were victims in 81% (70,042) of all domestic violence offenses. The number of domestic violence complaints that had prior court orders issued against the offender increased from 17,007 in 1994 to 19,747 in 1995. This is an increase of 16%. Alcohol and/or drugs were involved in 37% (32,197) of the reported offenses occurring in 1995. Alcohol involvement alone accounted for 32% (27,512) of the total domestic violence offenses reported. Persons age 60 or over were victims in 3% (2,607) of all reported domestic violence offenses that occurred in 1995. Domestic Violence does not occur at a regular frequency, but when viewed as a ratio of its occurrence to a fixed time interval, one act of domestic violence would occur every six (6) minutes and forty-two (42) seconds. Domestic Violence offenses arising from a dating relationship accounted for 8% (6,946) of the state total. Five of these offenses were murder. • • • • • • • • • • • • 188 There were 86,631 domestic violence offenses reported by the police in 1995, a 22% increase compared to the 70,991 reported in 1994. • Highlights of the 1995 domestic violence statistics are listed below: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE STATISTICAL SUMMARY Domestic Violence Offense 189 Number of PNumber of PPercent of Offenses Offenses Arrests Involving an Arrest 1994 42 30 71 Homicide 1995 61 48 79 45 60 10 Percent Change 1994 39,047 19,306 49 Assault 1995 45,509 21,952 48 17 14 -2 Percent Change 1994 4,414 1,255 28 Terroristic Threats 1995 5,348 1,438 27 21 15 -5 Percent Change 1994 33 9 27 Kidnapping 1995 25 7 28 -24 & 3 Percent Change 1994 85 28 33 Criminal Restraint 1995 110 42 38 29 50 16 Percent Change 1994 18 4 22 False Imprisonment 1995 33 13 39 83 & 77 Percent Change 1994 118 50 42 Sexual Assault 1995 195 78 40 65 56 -6 Percent Change 1994 32 13 41 Criminal Sexual Contact 1995 46 22 48 44 69 18 Percent Change 1994 14 4 29 Lewdness 1995 19 8 42 36 & 47 Percent Change 1994 3,546 1,191 34 Criminal Mischief 1995 4,397 1,417 32 24 19 -4 Percent Change 1994 496 144 29 Burglary 1995 627 182 29 26 26 Percent Change 1994 658 321 49 Criminal Trespass 1995 839 359 43 28 12 -12 Percent Change 1994 22,488 3,009 13 Harassment 1995 29,139 3,426 12 30 14 -12 Percent Change 1994 StalkingR 1995 283 69 24 Percent Change 1994 70,991 25,364 36 TOTAL 1995 86,631 29,061 34 22 15 -6 Percent Change P Incidents are reported soon after they occur; therefore, arrests made after that time are not included. & Percent not calculated due to small volume. R Domestic Violence offense of Stalking was first reported during 1995. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES/ARRESTS 1994/1995 3 8 2 3 3 3 4 2 4 1 7 9 1 1 3 7 1 4 3 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 Bergen Burlington Camden Cape May Cumberland Essex Gloucester Hudson Hunterdon Mercer Homicide 1994 1995 Year Atlantic County 1,578 1,952 180 190 3,188 3,773 1,304 1,481 5,251 6,073 1,358 1,637 664 860 3,686 4,596 1,831 2,046 2,383 2,813 1,873 2,264 Assault 190 51 60 13 24 428 586 110 128 783 1,058 139 136 60 55 254 281 94 113 368 413 187 242 Terroristic Threats 1 2 - 5 5 1 4 6 3 3 1 4 - 1 - 2 1 1 - Kidnapping 2 3 2 2 5 9 2 12 7 6 1 2 6 4 7 19 3 5 7 6 4 4 Criminal Restraint 2 5 - 2 1 1 - 4 - 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 False Imprisonment DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY COUNTY 1994/1995 7 7 3 1 10 19 1 2 19 33 8 14 2 4 8 23 2 8 7 6 6 9 Sexual Assault 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 - 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 5 5 1 8 1 3 - Lewdness 1 2 Criminal Sexual Contact 219 260 10 12 183 275 133 175 255 340 131 179 62 69 444 581 127 165 137 189 172 215 Criminal Mischief 27 16 1 1 48 65 7 9 94 125 18 29 4 4 65 104 8 15 24 23 16 22 Burglary 191 33 37 7 5 31 32 23 41 47 38 15 30 41 39 66 81 35 49 86 98 16 27 Criminal Trespass 863 1,097 153 210 1,159 1,616 648 720 764 950 481 644 744 937 2,725 3,686 1,115 1,477 1,771 2,370 1,560 2,229 Harassment 11 4 22 5 29 6 12 20 10 27 11 Stalking 2,790 3,453 371 450 5,063 6,419 2,231 2,575 7,239 8,675 2,163 2,687 1,584 1,988 7,268 9,398 3,221 3,895 4,793 5,957 3,839 5,036 County Total DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY COUNTY 1994/1995 24 21 27 15 20 24 26 29 21 24 31 Percent Change 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 5 2 1 5 42 61 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 1994 1995 Monmouth Morris Ocean Passaic Salem Somerset Sussex Union Warren TOTAL Homicide 1994 1995 Year Middlesex County 39,047 45,509 275 301 3,032 3,240 401 461 940 901 382 520 2,154 2,383 1,981 2,447 1,159 1,292 2,729 3,130 2,698 3,149 Assault 192 4,414 5,348 25 41 354 366 43 66 24 34 16 21 322 347 327 403 139 182 259 308 418 484 Terroristic Threats 33 25 - 2 - - 1 - 1 2 2 1 - 3 - 4 2 Kidnapping 85 110 2 3 1 - 4 1 - 3 10 6 5 5 4 7 8 11 7 Criminal Restraint 18 33 - 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 - 2 1 2 3 3 False Imprisonment DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY COUNTY 1994/1995 118 195 1 7 7 2 2 5 3 2 2 5 8 5 10 4 4 4 13 11 19 Sexual Assault 2 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 14 19 1 3 1 1 1 5 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 32 46 Lewdness 3 1 Criminal Sexual Contact 3,546 4,397 28 49 287 288 47 59 175 173 44 54 141 149 195 268 106 145 345 338 305 414 Criminal Mischief 496 627 1 1 44 53 3 2 4 5 4 4 22 29 28 37 6 9 38 36 34 38 Burglary 193 658 839 2 3 44 44 12 14 23 31 7 9 26 34 37 57 24 36 56 70 27 64 Criminal Trespass 22,488 29,139 241 246 1,476 1,910 497 590 1,037 1,334 233 317 807 1,089 1,705 2,089 858 1,149 2,114 2,569 1,537 1,910 Harassment 0 283 3 11 7 1 1 14 27 12 25 25 Stalking 70,991 86,631 573 648 5,254 5,931 1,005 1,204 2,216 2,487 689 929 3,484 4,079 4,289 5,355 2,308 2,837 5,561 6,508 5,050 6,120 County Total DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY COUNTY 1994/1995 22 13 13 20 12 35 17 25 23 17 21 Percent Change 48 6 54 11 33 11 1 885 101 2,740 - 20 120 32 82 19 8 2,768 382 17,887 - Kidnapping Criminal Restraint False Imprisonment Sexual Assault Criminal Sexual Contact Lewdness 48 - 15,372 478 293 2,553 6 25 92 28 82 14 3,026 - 2,243 225 72 854 1 10 41 10 31 4 954 30,292 15,227 60 35 - 19,930 560 418 3,237 11 28 122 21 93 15 3,999 - 2,754 248 127 1,121 5 17 53 10 33 5 1,219 37,760 18,488 54 30 - 22,488 658 496 3,546 14 32 118 18 85 33 4,414 - 3,009 321 144 1,191 4 13 50 4 28 9 1,255 39,047 19,306 42 48 283 29,139 839 627 4,397 19 46 195 33 110 25 5,348 69 3,426 359 182 1,417 8 22 78 13 42 7 1,438 45,509 21,952 61 The violent crimes of homicide (61), aggravated assault (6,648), and sexual assault (195) accounted for 8 % of reported domestic violence offenses (86,631). • 194 Arrests for domestic violence offenses increased 15%, and reflected the highest number of arrests since the inception of the Domestic Violence Program. • TOTAL 55,698 19,127 52,321 19,720 66,248 24,115 70,991 25,364 86,631 29,061 R Domestic Violence offenses of Terroristic Threats and Criminal Trespass were first reported during 1992. Stalking was first reported in 1995. StalkingR Harassment Criminal TrespassR Burglary Criminal Mischief Terroristic ThreatsR - 34,319 15,237 61 - Assault Homicide 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Domestic Violence Offense Offenses Arrests Offenses Arrests Offenses Arrests Offenses Arrests Offenses Arrests DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES/ARRESTS 1991 Through 1995 Percent Change Percent Change 36,914 47,098 28 70,991 86,631 22 32,333 41,278 28 195 Serious injuries were reported in 3,638 offenses a 15% increase when compared to the 3,177 reported in 1994. 30,900 35,895 16 32,333 41,278 28 33,834 40,036 18 • 3,177 3,638 15 1994 1995 - 4,053 5,314 31 2,346 2,622 12 Domestic violence offenses involving hands, fists, feet, etc. increased 18%, from 33,834 in 1994 to 40,036 in 1995. - 1994 1995 28,297 33,023 17 187 203 9 2,068 2,224 8 • 1,484 1,699 14 1994 1995 1,496 1,668 11 248 217 -13 410 471 15 TOTAL Of all the domestic violence offenses involving weapons (45,353), hands, fists, feet, etc. were used in 88% (40,036) of these offenses. 663 751 13 1994 1995 979 1,056 8 93 86 -8 None • 841 951 13 1994 1995 128 148 16 Non-Aggravated Minor Forty-six percent (39,533) of all domestic violence complaints resulted in injury. This is a 16% increase when compared to the 34,077 that occurred in 1994. Percent Change Percent Change 189 237 25 1994 1995 Aggravated Serious • TOTAL None Percent Change Hands, Fists, Feet, etc. Percent Change Other Dangerous Weapon Knife Gun Type of Weapon Extent of Injury DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY TYPE OF WEAPON AND EXTENT OF INJURY 1994/1995 6 2 1 1 6 4 1 31 104 5 26 14 63 315 1,212 1 2 1 30 13 1 41 7 1 6 250 868 14 84 28 149 1,619 8,287 6 48 4,570 21,842 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Kidnapping Criminal Restraint False Imprisonment Sexual Assault Criminal Sexual Contact Lewdness Criminal Mischief Burglary Criminal Trespass Harassment Stalking TOTAL 26,412 43 291 178 1,451 Male Female Terroristic Threats GRAND TOTAL 182 725 2,470 10,841 Male Female Assault 3,054 592 2,462 1 20 1 1 15 Exspouse Male Female Spouse Homicide Type of Offense 4 196 13,524 1,828 11,696 2 25 585 3,258 9 105 10 102 142 523 - 4 16 5 1 19 1 8 64 752 1,014 6,875 Coparent 10,199 3,515 6,684 1 5 1,043 2,247 50 108 29 85 184 503 1 6 9 2 12 - 2 5 2 235 503 1,962 3,191 6 8 Relative 23,976 4,460 19,516 4 40 1,235 5,519 35 105 18 70 247 891 4 1 15 2 73 9 1 27 2 148 795 2,759 11,955 10 11 Friend Relationship of Victim to Offender 19 42 Total 166 673 106 521 1,046 3,351 2 17 1 45 5 190 1 32 5 105 2 23 764 4,584 26 257 9,466 - 1,624 16,589 7,842 70,042 12 119 719 5,516 3,100 23,623 30 143 30 154 192 462 - 6 42 4 22 3 96 792 543 8,930 2,992 36,579 2 3 Ex-friend 86,631 - 283 29,139 839 627 4,397 19 46 195 33 110 25 5,348 45,509 61 Total Number of Offenses DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY TYPE & SEX OF VICTIM 1995 6 20 8 51 15 3 1,512 101 210 8,019 38 25 110 33 195 46 19 4,397 627 839 29,139 283 Kidnapping Criminal Restraint False Imprisonment Sexual Assault Criminal Sexual Contact Lewdness Burglary Criminal Trespass 37 15 31 32 28 40 37 39 33 24 28 28 32 42 38 197 Thirty-seven percent (32,197) of the reported acts of domestic violence (86,631) involved the use of drugs or alcohol. 32,197 43 9,172 267 178 1,778 7 18 64 8 31 7 1,711 18,890 23 • 2,515 1 588 29 22 140 1 3 8 - 9 - 251 1,460 3 Percent of Offenses Involving Alcohol or Drugs Drugs or alcohol were involved in 38% (61) of the reported domestic violence offenses of homicides. 2,170 4 565 28 55 126 3 - 5 - 2 1 220 1,154 7 Total Alcohol Both Only Drugs Alcohol and and Drugs Drugs • * Indicates alcohol or drug use by either victim or offender. TOTAL Stalking Harassment Criminal Mischief 27,512 1,240 5,348 Terroristic Threats 86,631 16,276 45,509 Homicide Assault Only Alcohol 13 Total Number of Offenses 61 Domestic Violence Offense Substance Involved ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (Alcohol or Drugs Involved)* 1995 10 1 1 84 - 3 1 1 178 26 63 1,115 1 Kidnapping Criminal Restraint False Imprisonment Sexual Assault Criminal Sexual Contact Lewdness Criminal Mischief Burglary Criminal Trespass 1 216 3 - 11 - - - - 1 - 34 211 2 20 6 37 - - - - - - 51 - - 458 30 13 83 - 1 - - 2 - 83 327 5 - - 34 3 2 4 - - - - - - 3 57 M 1 - 42 1 1 4 - - 1 - - - 9 61 F 1 1 8 - - - - - - 1 9 - 198 Persons age 60 or over were the victims in 3% (2,607) of all the reported domestic violence offenses during this period. 42 - 22 M • 86 502 1,002 103 120 - 33 192 1 1 13 - - - - - - 13 25 194 - F - 7 1 - - - - - - - - 4 3 - 15 F Ex-friend Females, age 60 or over were the victims in 66% (1,721) of the 2,607 elderly abuse offenses. 28 - 13 1 - 7 - - - - - - 3 4 - M Friend • 17 - 9 1 1 - - - - - - - 1 5 - F Relative Assaults accounted for 38% (995) of all domestic violence offenses for victims 60 years old or over. 12 - 5 - - 1 - - - - - - 3 3 - M Co-parent • TOTAL Stalking 4 199 481 6 211 Terroristic Threats 2,607 96 995 Assault Harassment 1 13 F M M F Ex-spouse Relationship of Victim to Offender Spouse Homicide Domestic Violence Offense Total Number of Offenses OFFENSES AGAINST ELDERLY VICTIMS (60 Years of age or over) 1995 • 199 During 1995, 57% (49,516) of the reported Domestic Violence offenses occurred between 8:00 p.m. and 12 midnight. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY TIME OF DAY 1994/1995 During 1995, 35% (30,579) of the reported domestic violence offenses occurred during the weekend (Saturday and Sunday). • 200 Sunday recorded the highest number of occurrences in 1995 with 15,796 offenses. • DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY DAY OF WEEK 1994/1995 During 1995, the month with the lowest number of reported domestic violence offenses was February. • 201 In 1995, the highest number of domestic violence offenses occurred during the months of July and August. • DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OFFENSES BY MONTH OF YEAR 1994/1995