cc
856
.07
no. 75
I
I of
I
LEAN
RAPHY
No'
Diatom Taphocoenoses In the
Coastal Upwelling Areas on
Western South America
n
by
0. Schuette
H. Schrader
i-
Reference 79-8
July 1979
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Office of Naval Research
ONR N00014-7e-0067
National Science foundation
NSF OCE 7730824
1
II
4
1
Unclassified
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered
READ INSTRUCTIONS
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
I. REPORT NUMBER
2. GOVT ACCESSION NO.
3.
RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
79-8
4. TITLE (and Subtitle)
S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
DIATOM TAPHOCOENOSES IN THE COASTAL UPWELLING
AREAS OFF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA
Data Report 73
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHOR(&)
8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(S)
ONR N00014-76-0067
NSF OCE 77-30624
Gretchen Schuette
Hans Schrader
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK
AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS
School of Oceanography
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
NR 083-102
11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
12. REPORT DATE
Office of Naval Research
Ocean Science E Technology Division
Arlington, Virginia 22217
July 1979
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7
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
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19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side If necessary and Identify by block number)
20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide If necessary and identify by block number)
Diatom floral analysis of 116 sediment surface samples obtained off Peru
reveals a boundary in the sediments between coastal upwelling influenced
sediments and sediments outside the highly productive realm.
Sinuous patterns
of relative abundance for meroplanktic species (Actinocyclus octonarius,
Actinoptychus senarius, and Cyclotella striata/stylorum) may preserve the
meander-like patterns of surface water parameters off Peru.
The occurrence
of loci of high abundance of diatom valves per gram of dry sediment, and the
limited occurrence of Skeletonema costatum ando-f-a speriies of-tire --genus
IJ
1473
EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE
SIN 0102-014-6601 I
Unclassified
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data ISntered)
L._I141TY CL
THIS PAGE(When Data E-it red)
Delphineis are additional pieces of evidence that upwelled tongues of cold
water have a correspondingly patchy sediment signal.
The tables which constitute this report present; the basic data and
results of statistical analyses for the paper "Dia -l Taphoccenoses in_the
Coastal Upwelling Area off Western South America" Lly Gretchen Schuette
Because of editorial constraints these tables were
not included with the paper in Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64 (Proceedings of
the Fifth International Symposium on Living and Fossil Diatoms, Antwerp)
and Hans Schrader.
1979.
Tlnr`1 acci fied
4 CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(When Data Entered)
DIATO! TAPHOCOENOSES IN THE COASTAL UPWELLING
AREA OFF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA
June 1979
Funding from the Office of Naval Research and
the National Science Foundation
by
Gretchen Schuette
Hans Schrader
1
L School of Oceanography
..
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Data Report 73
Ref. 79-8
June 1979
Ross Heath
Dean
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Office of Naval Research Grant
N00014-76-0067 and National Science Foundation Grant OCE 77-20624.
The authors thank Gail Davis for typing this Data Report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction-----------------------------------------------------1
Table I----------------------------------------------------------2
Table II --------------------------------------------------------- 3
Table III--------------------------------------------------------4
Table IV---------------------------------------------------------5
Table V----------------------------------------------------------6
Table VI---------------------------------------------------------7
iii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
I.
Sediment surface samples:
A, # this paper; B, OSU core number; C, type
of sampler; D, Latitude; E, Longitude; F, Water depth; G, Abundance x 106
of diatoms per gram dry sediment; H, Age of reworked older diatoms; I,
% displaced shallow water marine benthics.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Relative abundance of 43 species at 49 stations.
Varimax Factor Matrix (Q-Mode).
Varimax Factor Score Matrix (Q-Mode).
Rotated Factor Matrix (R-Mode).
Factor Score Matrix (R-Mode).
iv
Introduction
Diatom floral analysis of 116 sediment surface samples obtained off
Peru reveals a boundary in the sediments between coastal upwe.lling influenced
sediments and sediments outside the highly productive realm.
Sinuous
patterns of relative abundance for meroplanktic species (Actinocyclus
octonarius, Actinoptychus senarius, and Cyclotella striata/stylorum) may
preserve the meander-like patterns of surface water parameters off Peru.
The occurrence of loci of high abundance of diatom valves per gram of dry
sediment, and the limited occurrence of Skeletonema costatum and of a
species of the genus Delphineis are additional pieces of evidence that
upwelled tongues of cold water have a correspondingly patchy sediment
signal.
The tables which constitute this report present the basic data and
results of statistical analyses for the paper "Diatom Taphocoenoses in the
Coastal Upwelling Area off Western South America" by Gretchen Schuette and
Hans Schrader.
Because of editorial constraints these tables were not
included with the paper in Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64 (Proceedings of the
Fifth International Symposium on Living and Fossil Diatoms, Antwerp), 1979.
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Table III.
Varimax Factor Matrix (Q-mode
Factors
Station #
Communality
22
23
24
.987
.984
.961
.955
.955
.930
.963
.949
.995
.989
25
.991
26
28
30
.997
.979
.994
.990
.995
.965
.973
.996
.916
.996
.968
.988
111
113
4
5
8
20
21
41
45
46
55
59
60
62
63
74
75
76
91
92
104
105
33+34
35+36
37+38
39+40
43+44
48+49
50+51
54+56+57
64+65+66
85-88
95-101+103
89+90
93+94
9+10
6+7
69+72
Variance
Cum. Var.
.965
.889
.830
.781
.067
.045
.233
.914
.878
.619
.780
.119
.299
.709
.810
.731
.203
.187
.336
.206
.277
.077
.411
.994
.929
.174
.993
.929
.655
.512
.548
.830
.883
.772
.728
.820
.916
.923
.607
.950
.049
.777
.845
.036
.506
.117
.235
.285
.046
.218
.360
.152
.085
.053
.066
.035
.974
.323
.156
57.188
57.188
11.781
.971
.991
.989
.986
.993
.983
.992
.978
.999
.993
.984
.996
.979
.885
.993
3
.025
.056
.197
.012
.484
.954
.966
.452
.070
.085
.349
.209
.256
.146
.302
.449
.257
.354
.218
.017
.019
.172
.250
.092
.991
.992
.910
.978
.982
.996
.968
82
83
84
.961
2
.682
.717
.446
.956
.805
.910
.961
.779
.715
.642
.824
.873
.942
.433
.905
.991
.991
77
1
.512
.261
.276
.234
.460
.230
.219
.303
.215
.094
.062
.135
.165
.184
.094
.157
.802
.250
.279
.575
.474
.697
.419
.342
.253
.448
.520
.342
.162
.097
.423
.173
.201
.091
.280
.274
.336
.368
.398
.184
.031
.215
.263
.365
.316
.323
.605
.841
.517
.362
.423
.223
U37
.054
.137
.256
.268
.284
68.968
4
.451
5
.119
.110
-.016
.443
-.004
-.029
.050
-.020
.149
.016
.237
.127
.219
.007
.129
.071
.295
.241
.325
.799
.155
.142
.147
.103
.156
.051
.077
.141
.051
.031
.295
.229
.175
.117
.187
.116
.259
.172
.069
.318
.353
.815
.665
.318
.416
.232
.433
.376
.278
.300
.773
.237
.057
.353
.338
.119
.324
.222
.406
.274
.158
.436
.332
.334
.210
.167
.028
.159
.158
.115
.236
.039
.221
.351
-.065
14.927
9.984
83.895 93.879
3.903
97.782
.261
.114
.161
.199
.117
.309
.187
.170
.177
.140
.118
.108
.018
.128
Table IV.
Varimax Factor Score Matrix (Q-mode).
Factors
pecies
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
16
17
`18
19
?0
?1
?2
?3
14
15
?6
17
?8
?9
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
and name
ActinocycZus curvatuZus/
Coscinodiscus rothii
ActinocycZus octonarius
ActinocycZus divisus
ActinocycZus eZZipticus
Actinoptychus spZendens
Actinoptychus senarius
Asteromphalus spp.
AsteromphaZus arachne
AsteromphaZus pettersonii
BidduZphia aurita
Chaetoceros resting spore group
Coscinodiscus #1
Coscinoduscus africanus/
C.
14
15
#
tabularis
Coscinodiscus Zineatus
Coscinodiscus Zineatus
v. plicata
Coscinodiscus noduZifer/
C. radiatus
Coscinodiscus obscurus/
C. perforatus
Coscinodiscus ocuZus-iridis
Coscinodiscus symboZophorus
CycZoteZZa striata/styZorum
DeZphineis spp.
Hemidiscus cuneiformis
Nitzschia bicapitata
Nitzschia interrupta
Nitzschia marina
Nitzschia seriata
ParaZia suZcata
PZeurosigma spp.
Pseudoeunotia doZioZus
RhizosoZenia aZata
RhizosoZenia bergonii
RhizosoZenia styZiformis
Roperia tesseZata
SkeZetonema costatum
Stephanopyxis paZmeriana/
S. turris
ThaZassionema nitzschioides
Thalassionema nitzschioides
v. parva
ThaZassiosira A & B
Thalassiosira eccentrica
group
10
11
12
13
ThaZassiosira Zineata
ThaZassiosira oestrupii
ThaZassiosira pZicata
ThaZassiothrix spp.
1
.004
-.190
.002
.001
.005
-.076
-.001
2
-.005
-.024
-.001
3
-.008
4.
.029
.887
-.204
.006
.020
-.000
-.003
.022
.000
.001
-.001
-.004
-.000
-.007
-.040
-.001
.020
.042
.004
.000
.000
.970
.003
-.002
- .007
.002
-.002
.008
.023
.001
.001
.026
.295
.004
-.001
5
.016
.017
.001
-.002
.050
.76.1
.001
.002
.001
-.000
-.000
.053
.100
.001
.001
-.000
-.002
-.001
.015
.000
.008
.000
.000
-.000
-.000
-.000
.000
-.038
.916
-.059
.115
.097
-.009
-.000
-.007
.010
.002
.033
.002
.012
.896
.036
.003
.001
.009
.178
.003
-.007
-.084
-.004
-.123
.001
.001
.003
.015
.000
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
.000
.010
.000
.005
-.001
-.011
-.001
-.001
.170
.148
-.000
.001
-.000
.065
.008
.039
.000
.005
-.006
-.000
-.001
-.006
-.000
-.034
.000
-.023
.006
-.003
.004
-.155
.039
-.003
-.005
-.002
-.001
-.001
.028
-.004
-.045
.019
.005
.016
.008
.018
.006
.074
.013
.017
-.006
-.003
-.001
-.018
-.001
-.018
.236
.026
.370
.134
-.238
.038
.004
-.005
-.070
-.000
-.100
.001
.205
.003
-.053
.021
.094
.004
-.137
-.007
-.019
-.000
.517
.038
.001
.003
.001
.027
.001
.004
.022
-.001
.094
.021
-.004
.001
-.015
.002
-.030
.002
.031
.002
.046
.007
-.032
-.010
-.031
.001
.146
.015
-.001
.109
-.001
-.032
Table V.
Rotated Factor Matrix (R-Mode)
Factors
Species
1
ActinocycZus curvatulus/
Coscinodiscus rothii
ActinocycZus octonarius
ActinocycZus divisus
Actinocyclus eZZioticus
Actinoptychus splendens
Actinoptychus senarius
Asteromphalus spp.
Asteromphalus arachne
Asteromphalus petersonii
BBidduZphia aurita
Chaetoceros resting spore group
Coscinodiscus #1
Coscinodiscus africanus/
tabularis
C.
Coscinodiscus lineatus
Coscinodiscus Zineatus
v. pZicata
Coscinodiscus nodulifer/
C. radiatus
Coscinodiscus obscurus/
perforates
Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis
...
-.106
-.127
2
-.075
.070
.012
.018
.012
.604
-.003
- .276
.751
-.104
.860
-.061
.012
-.017
-.055
-.027
-.114
.181
.261
.043
-.021
-.155
-.036
-.090
.712
.128
.184
-.097
-.566
-.052
-.144
.020
-.036
-.121
-.051
.323
.905
.033
.329
-.132
.002
.329
-.184
.007
-.037
.007
-.022
-.032
.678
-.122
-.068
.052
-.011
.058
-.167
-.073
.188
-.250
-.035
-.212
.120
.055
Nitzschia bicapitata
.'V-z.itzschia interrupta
Nitzschia marina
Nitzschia seriata
.064
.083
.049
.922
-.011
PZeurosigma
-.074
-.145
spp.
Pseudoeunotia doh olus
RhizosoZenia alata
RhizosoZenia beracnii
Rhizosolenia styliformis
Roperia tesseZata
SkeZetcnema costatum
Stephanooyxis palmeriana/
turris
S.
Thalassionema nitzsohioides
Thalassionema nitzschioides
V. parva
.447
.069 -.063
.153
.286
.411
254
568
-.009 -.103
OeZphineis
Paralia suZcata
.009
.018
-.027
.009
-.027
-.062
-
.
023
.009
-.013
-.024
-.108
002
.102
.009
-.150
-.119
-.116
778
-.047
- .096
593
.076
.018
-.099
-.182
-.106
.844
-.407
.142
.672
.001
- .087
-.176
-.050
-.141
.559
.
.035
.427
.047
.538
.126
-.013
-.061
.041
-.076
-.119
-.028
-.125 -.161
-.029
-.034
Hemidiscus cuneiformis
.040
.537
-.508
-.088
.077
Coscinodiscus symbolophorus
spp.
6
5
-.085
-.117
.003
-.078
.146
.029
.034
.053
CycZcteZZa striata/
st y lorum
4
3
.
-
.
.
071
-.139
.
079
.001
.093
-.126 -.250
-.084 -.131
- 051
058
-.024
.048
-.098 -.038
022 - 025
-.184 -.204
.255 -.030
.
.
-.069
-.139
-.044
-.000
.
.
.469
.174
.227 -.056
-.062 -.039
.051
.205
.858
.206
-.011
.065
-.060
-.535
.787
-.039
.523
-.106
.022
.168
-.049
.392
-.114
-.013
.006
-.133
-.078
-.067
.285
-.045
-.001
-.058
.321
- . 030
.022
.076
-.038
.080
.003
-
.
157
10
9
8
-.108
-.185
.096
-.061
.015
.742 -.024
-.093
.302
.116
.209
7
.024
-
.
088
-.137
.135
-.146
.016
-.329
-.207
-.127
.013
.169
.232
.484
.051
.056
.080
-.061
.088
.030
-.030
-.044
-.620
-.039
-.142
044
-.048
026
-.050
094
-.554
-.140
-.106
-.100
135
-.038
.033
.008
-
.
.
422
.
.
.030
.042
.
-.018
-.009
-.078
.056
-.041
.040
-.057
-.027
.180
.578
.012
.156
-.025
-.105
-.080
.023
-.126
-.900
-.096
.594
.298
572
.062
-.061
002
.097
080
.026
.030
-.022
-.078
.049
-.037
.139
-.093
-.197
-.106
-.037
-.140
.658
084
.118
.024
020
-.153
-.172
.715
.226
921
-.074
-.146
-.129
- 056
.258
.271
.
.
.
.
.192
-.173
.
.
.073
.169
.489
.372
.
051
-.080
-.072
- 073
.
.045
.018
-:090
-.110
-.222
-.032
-.086
-.093
.
-.110
.270
.192
.063
.048
.099
.032
.031
.138
.717
-.092
-.150
-.041
.366
-.170
-.268
-.136
.292
-.000
.208
-.045
.057 -.347
.015 -.068
.130
.319
.233
-.149
-.024
-.012
-.264
-.145
.107
.060
.038
.009
.001
-.194
-.025
.011
.028
.167
.119
-.090
-.043
-.140
-.069
.061
.005 -.234
-.089 -.110
-.034 -.127
-.018
-.115
-.102
.090
.022
.275 -.024
-.043
.200
.152
.134
-.284
.213
-.118
-.053
.023
.785
.002
-.011
.059
-.116
.676
-.090
-.077
-.079
-.199
-.056
Variance
(% of that explained
by the 10 factors)
25.0
14.4
11.6
10.1
8.9
6.8
6.5
6.2
5.5
5.0
Cumulative Variance
25.0
39.4
51.0
61.0
69.9
76.7
83.3
89.5
95.0
100.0
Thahassiosira
A&B
Thalassiosira eccentrica
group
Thaiassiosira lineata
ThaZassiosira oestrupii
ThaZassiosira plicata
ThaZassiothrix spp.
.021
-.086
.602
.042
-.095
-.019
-.124
.776
.112
.046
.038
.018
.283
.162
Table VI.
Factor Score Matrix (R-Mode).
Factors
Station #
4
5
8
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
30
41
45
46,
55
59
60
62
63
74
75
77
82
83
84
91
92
104
105
33+34
35+36
37+38
39+40
43+44
48+49
50+51
54+56+57
64+65+66
85-88
95-101+103
89+90
93+94
9+10
6+7
69+72
1
56.0
9.4
16.9
7.6
8.3
6.2
-8.5
-38.0
62.9
34.6
-30.6
99.0
-99.0
1.4
57.0
62.4
42.9
13.1
25.4
-41.8
-57.3
86.6
13.9
-3.4
8.1
-7.5
-99.0
-8.0
40.3
59.4
-16.7
35.3
22.0
-34.4
31.4
80.3
-18.2
-99.0
-37.7
-0.2
-28.2
-5.8
-0.3
0.8
0.6
-99.0
2
16.7
7.6
5.0
0.7
1.5
1.4
-2.7
-12.6
18.6
9.0
-8.2
29.4
-30.7
-1.9
17.6
19.7
16.4
7.2
6.7
-12.7
-16.7
24.5
4.2
-1.0
2.5
-2.5
-29.0
-2.2
11.6
17.7
-4.8
8.9
6.9
-9.9
10.0
23.6
-5.5
-57.6
-11.4
0.0
-8.8
-2.7
-0.3
-0.2
-0.2
-30.8
3
28.3
4.5
9.1
0.5
2.0
2.0
-4.0
-19.6
31.3
18.8
-16.1
55.1
-54.7
1.4
27.7
31.2
21.2
7.0
11.7
-20.9
-29.8
45.0
6.9
-1.9
9.6
-3.6
-52.7
-4.5
20.8
29.3
-8.4
17.4
12.0
-18.3
15.2
40.3
-6.9
-98.1
-17.9
-0.1
-13.4
-1.6
-0.3
0.1
0.1
-52.1
4
24.8
3.4
6.7
0.4
1.4
1.2
-3.5
-15.5
26.6
17.5
-14.4
47.6
-47.7
1.4
23.6
26.8
18.0
5.9
9.4
-16.2
-25.0
38.4
6.1
3.3
2.5
-2.7
-46.2
-3.9
18.5
25.2
-6.9
14.5
10.6
-15.2
13.7
33.5
-6.9
-83.7
-15.0
-0.2
-11.4
-2.8
-0.3
0.9
-0.3
-43.5
5
-12.5
-1.9
-4.1
0.0
-1.8
-1.1
0.8
8.2
-13.1
-9.8
7.3
-26.3
22.4
-1.7
-8.5
-12.3
-7.0
-4.3
-6.2
9.0
13.5
-19.6
-2.2
0.6
-1.2
3.1
22.9
0.3
-6.4
-12.9
2.7
-7.8
-5.9
6.7
-5.9
-16.4
5.2
41.7
7.6
0.1
5.3
-1.1
0.8
-0.4
-0.4
22.8
6
-9.5
-2.1
-3.2
-0.7
-1.8
-2.0
1.2
6.2
-10.5
-5.5
4.8
-17.0
17.6
-0.3
-9.5
-10.2
-7.5
-2.2
-3.8
6.8
9.8
-13.8
-2.9
0.5
-1.7
1.0
16.6
1.2
-6.4
-10.1
2.6
-7.4
-4.8
6.0
-4.4
-14.6
3.4
31.5
6.5
0.5
4.1
0.8
0.3
0.4
6.2
16.3
7
-32.3
-5.5
-10.8
-1.5
-2.7
-4.9
4.5
21.0
-34.3
-18.3
16.8
-62.0
61.3
-1.1
-33.0
-34.4
-26.1
-8.0
-14.1
24.0
31.7
-49.3
-7.3
2.0
-4.7
5.1
55.8
3.7
.23.0
-33.0
14.7
-21.1
-13.8
18.8
-18.8
8
53.0
11.0
19.2
1.5
5.3
8.5
-8.0
-34.6
57.6
30.0
-27.4
97.6
-99.0
1.1
52.1
59.0
41.8
11.2
21.3
-37.6
-52.8
81.6
14.7
-3.9
8.1
-7.9
-93.3
-9.2
37.1
55.5
-15.7
34.8
21.4
-34.9
30.5
-45.5
10.4
99.0
21.3
0.0
16.9
3.0
0.8
76.4
-18.2
-99.0
-35.7
-0.9
-27.2
-7.7
0.1
1.2
-0.4
57.3
0.6
-95.1
0.1
9
99.0
22.9
38.3
5.0
11.8
18.4
-18.6
-86.1
99.0
77.2
-64.6
99.0
99.0
1.6
99.0
99.0
99.0
29.0
54.4
-94.2
-99.0
99.0
31.4
-8.7
18.3
-17.5
-99.0
-18.4
91.4
99.0
-38.0
80.5
53.8
-80.8
72.2
99.0
-40.6
-99.0
-84.4
-0.7
-64.5
-13.8
-0.0
-2.4
0.3
-99.0
10
17.7
4.1
5.8
0.8
0.7
1.4
-5.6
-12.0
18.0
5.6
-7.6
29.6
-30.8
-1.3
17.1
18.9
13.3
2.0
4.9
-11.9
-17.4
24.9
4.2
-0.8
2.4
-1.9
-25.8
-0.6
11.6
16.7
-4.2
11.3
9.6
-9.1
7.3
24.5
-6.1
-54.1
-12.2
-0.7
-7.8
-1.3
-0.3
0.3
0.5
-28.7