Introduction to
WiBro Technology
September 10, 2004
Soon Young Yoon
T elecom R&D Center
Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd.
Contents
Background of WiBro Service
WiBro Technology Overview
Future Plan and Strategy
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1
Background of WiBro Service
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Market Trend in Korea (1)
q Korea Telecommunication Market Trend
u 2001-2003 subscriber growth rate
Ø Fixed BB(44%) > Mobile internet(30%) > Mobile phone(16%) > Fixed phone(2%)
u Voice market is saturated (fixed phone) or slowly growing (mobile phone)
u Data market (mobile internet & fixed BB) is growing faster than voice
Subscribers Trend
Subscribers [Million]
40
35
30
Mobile Phone
Mobile Internet
Fixed Phone
Fixed Broadband
25
20
15
10
5
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
? Number of mobile phone users includes mobile internet users
Source : KISDI (Korea Information Strategy Development Institute)
Institute )
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Market Trend in Korea (2)
q Mobile Data ARPU (2003 Dec. SKT user basis)
u As network evolves, data ARPU potion increases
u Data rate is one of the key factor to increase data ARPU
u Data ARPU is expected to keep increasing as the market churns
ARPU by Handset Type
$60.00
$56.74
$1 = 1,150 won
$50.00
$47.19
ARPU
$40.00
Total ARPU
Data ARPU
User Potion
9% 10%
21%
60%
$33.68
$30.00
$19.50
$21.54
$20.00
$10.00
$0.00
$12.64
34%
27%
1x EV-DO
(MMS support)
1x EV-DO
$4.52
13%
1x RTT
$1.21
6%
95A/B
1x EV-DO (MMS support)
1x EV-DO
1x RTT
95A/B
*Total ARPU is net of interconnection fees and signup fees
*Data ARPU = Wireless Internet revenues including phone mail revenue / internet user
ARPU : Average Revenue Per User
MMS : Multi Media Service
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
Source : SKT IR Data, 2004
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Needs for WiBro Service
Limit of Existing Technologies
q WLAN (IEEE 802.11 series)
u Support very high data rate but limited coverage and mobility not
supported
q Cellular (cdma2000 1X, 1xEV1xEV- DO, WCDMA)
u Support large coverage and fast mobility but data rate is low and too
expensive
Technology Comparison
Coverage
QoS
Data Rate
WiBro
WLAN
Cellular
Mobility
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Service Charge
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Service Position in Network Evolution
q WiBro is now located between WLAN and Cellular service.
q In the future, WiBro service will evolve to 4G Network which
provide higher data rate and mobility
Mobility
1996
199
6
2000
2005
2010
High
Medium
2G
3G
Cellular
PCS
CDMA
WCDMA
Pedestrian
Stationary
WiBro
2.4GHz
WLAN
Cordless
Phone
Voice
4G
Services
Text
Image
Graphic
Video
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
5GHz
WLAN
High Quality
Multimedia Video
Streaming
Data Rate
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HPi(High Speed Portable Internet) Project
q ETRI/Samsung HPi Project Objective
u Development of HPi system at 2.3GHz
u HPi RTT specification & system development
q Period: 2003.1. ~ 2005.12.
q Sponsors : HTI, KT, KTF, SKT, Samsung
q Results
u ETRI/Samsung
Ø WiBro spec proposed to TTA and accepted as baseline
u ETRI
Ø Prototype system development
u Wired and wireless operators
Ø Requirements definition
RTT:: Radio Transmission Technology
RTT
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WiBro Spectrum Allocation of Korea
q MIC allocated 2.3GHz spectrum for WiBro services
(Official MIC notice, Dec. 2002)
u Frequency BW
: 2.3~2.4GHz
u Purpose
: WiBro (Portable Internet)
u Usage
: Fixed / Mobile
Spectrum Allocation Status
IMT-2000
IMTMSS
FDD
(30)
(60)
1.885 1.92
IMT--2000 TDD
IMT
(15)
IMT--2000 TDD
IMT
(35)
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
IMTMSS
FDD
(30)
(60)
1.98 2.01 2.025 2.11
2.17 2.2
WiBro
WLAN
WiBro
(100MHz)
WLAN
(83.5)
2.3
2.4
2.4835
[Unit : GHz]
MIC : Ministry of Information and Communication
MSS : Mobile Satellite Service
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Global TDD Spectrum Allocation
q Global TDD Spectrum Allocation Status
u FDD band is about 3 times larger than TDD band
u More TDD band will be required
Ø For high data rate support, new systems requiring broader bandwidth etc.
[GHz]
1.6
1.7
1.8
WRC
Europe
U.S.A.
GSM
700Mhz
Future
3G
Australia/
New Zealand
Japan
China
Korea
1.9
2.0
2.1
35 IMT -200015
IMT -2000
20 IMT -200015
IMT -2000
2.2
2.3
PCS
IMT -2000
IMT -2000
PHS IMT -2000
IMT -2000
MMDS
2.4
2.5
2.6
ISM
IMT extension
reserved for TDD
3.4Ghz
ISM
ITFS, BRS
3.4Ghz
ISM
IMT extension
reserved for TDD
3.4Ghz
ISM
IMT extension
reserved for TDD
GSM 40 IMT -200015
IMT -2000
TDD
ISM
IMT extension
reserved for TDD
35 IMT -200015
IMT -2000
WiBro
ISM
IMT extension
reserved for TDD
CDMA
3GPP TDD
WRC : World Radiocommunication Conference
© SAMSUNG
BRS : Broadband
Electronics Co.,
Radio
Ltd. Service
IMT extension reserved for TDD
>2.7
Other TDD Bands
ITFS : Instructional
Instructional Television Fixed Service
MMDS : Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System
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WiBro Technology Overview
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System Requirements
High Data Rate
Mobility
q Maximize sector/user
throughput
q Vehicular speed mobility
(~60km/h)
q Broad bandwidth
q Seamless service
q MAC & RRC
q Longer battery usage
Full Coverage
Low Cost
q Various types of cell
(Macro / Micro / Pico)
q Improve spectral efficiency
q Reduce infra cost
q Easy cell planning
q Roaming with cellular &
WLAN
MAC : Medium Access Control
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
q Multiplexing gain of packet
data.
RRC : Radio Resource Control
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TDD vs. FDD
FDD
GB
GB
DL
GT
UL
Freq.
Freq.
TDD
GT
DL
GB
UL
GB
GB
Time
Time
TDD
FDD
UL/DL Isolation
Guard Time
Guard Band
Spectrum Efficiency
More efficient (Smaller GB)
Less efficient (Larger GB)
UL/DL Channel
Reciprocal
(Easy to apply SA, MIMO etc.)
Non--reciprocal
Non
Suitable for
Packet base data traffic
Symmetric traffic like voice
For same coverage
Applied system
Need more power (duty factor)
WiBro, 802.16, 802.11a/b,
TD--SCDMA,
TD
GB : Guard Band
Need smaller power
IS-95A/B, CDMA2000, 1xEVIS1xEV-DO,
GSM, GPRS, WW-CDMA
GT : Guard Time
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PHY Spec.
q Frequency Band
: 2.3GHz (Korea)
q Channel Bandwidth
: = 9MHz
q Duplex
: TDD / 5msec frame
q Multiple Access
: OFDMA
q Modulation
: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
q Channel Coding
: CTC
q Cell Coverage
: ~1km
q Maximum Data Rate
u Sector throughput
: DL : 18 Mbps, UL : 6 Mbps
u User throughput
: DL : 3 Mbps, UL :1 Mbps
q Optional AAS support
CTC : Convolution Turbo Code
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AAS : Adaptive Antenna System
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MAC Spec.
q Flexible BW Allocation by MAP
u Frame by Frame
q Supports flexible QoS offering
u rtPS, nrtPS, BE
u Fine granularity
q Efficient MAC PDU construction
u Variable size MAC PDU
u MAC-level framing (No PPP)
u Fragmentation, packing, concatenation
q
q
q
q
Payload header suppression support
Security support
Sleep mode support
H- ARQ/ARQ support
q Handoff : BBM
q AMC support
rtPS : realreal- time Polling Service
BE : Best Effort
H- ARQ : Hybrid Automatic Response ReQuest
AMC : Adaptive Modulation and Coding
nrtPS : nonnon- real
real-- time Polling Service
PDU : Protocol Data Unit
BBM : Break Before Make
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PHY Characteristics (1)
q High Spectral Efficiency Support
u TDD
Ø Minimize guard band to increase spectral efficiency
u 10 MHz BW / OFDMA
Ø Minimize multi-path interference to increase spectral efficiency
u Support various modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
and CTC to maximize data rate
q Full Coverage Support
u Support cellular operation with frequency reuse factor of 1
Ø High spectral efficiency & easy cell planning
Ø Minimize interference using diversity subchannel based on Reed
Solomon sequence
Ø Compensate low SINR at cell edge using low rate coding
u Fast handover with mobile IP
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PHY Characteristics (2)
q Performance Enhancement considering Mobility(1)
u H-ARQ
Ø Increase the efficiency of re-transmission resulting from fading and
interference
u Band selection AMC & diversity subchannel
Ø Mobile stations request to select band selection AMC or diversity
subchannel by monitoring channel status
Ø For slowly moving users : allocate band selection AMC subchannels
which have high quality channel response to increase transmission
efficiency and coverage
Ø For fast moving users : allocate diversity subchannels distributed
over whole frequency band to maximize frequency diversity
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PHY Characteristics (3)
q Performance Enhancement considering Mobility(2)
u Support 60km/h mobility
Ø Minimize distortion due to mobility using short OFDM symbol
Ø Apply pilot structure supporting channel estimation while moving
u Support fast access during hand-off
Ø Apply short frame length (5msec) for fast response
Ø Apply additional non-contention based control channel access
duration
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PHY Characteristics (4)
q Flexible Resource Allocation for Multiple Users
u Asymmetric DL / UL allocation
Ø DL/UL : 2:1, 1:1, 5:1
u Multiple user acceptance
Ø Support different packet scheduling algorithm and status
management for each type of mobiles
q Support Portability
u Support sleep mode to decrease handset consuming power
q TDD Adaptive Antenna System (Optional)
u Increase coverage and data rate for slowly moving users
PDU : Protocol Data Unit
PPP : Point to Point Protocol
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MAC Characteristics
q Scheduler Design Consideration
u Adaptive modulation & coding
u QoS guarantee
u Throughput maximization
u Fairness
u Power constraint of mobiles
u Scheduling algorithm complexity
q QoS Classes in WiBro
QoS Class
Data type
• Periodic interval
Real time polling
• Variable-sized packet
service
• Real time data stream
Non real time
polling service
Application
MPEG Video,
Video telephony
• Variable-sized packet
• Delay-tolerant data stream
FTP, WWW
• Minimum data rate is required
Best effort
service
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
• No minimum service level
FTP, WWW,
E- mail
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WiBro Network Architecture
Acronyms
AAA Authentication, Authorization
and Accounting
ACR Access Control Router
AR
Access Router
BR
Border Router
GSN GPRS Support Node
HA
Home Agent
IMS IP Multimedia Sub-system
PDSN Packet Data Serving Node
RAS Radio Access Station
PSTN/PLMN
IMS
Internet
MIP HA
BR
AAA
CN
GSN/PDSN
Internet
ACR
AR
802.11x
WLAN
RNC/BSC
NodeB/BTS
AP
3G RAN
AP
RAS
RAS
Hot Spot
WiBro
3G MS
Macro-cell
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Network Element Functions
RAS
ACR
q Packet classification &
header suppression
q PHY processing and air
resource scheduling
q Service flow management
q Traffic switching &
integration point
q MAC management
message processing
q MAC PDU processing
q Handover management
q CID management
q Session information
maintenance
q Encryption & Decryption
q RAS interface
q ACR interface
q Core network interface
PDU : Protocol Data Unit
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
CID : Connection ID
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Future Plan and Strategy
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WiBro Policy of Korea
q Standard
u Based on IEEE 802.16-2004 & 802.16e Draft3 or later version satisfying:
Ø Downlink 512kbps, uplink 128kbps at 60Km/h
Ø Channel badwidth >9MHz
Ø Roaming between operator equipment
Ø TDD
Ø Frequency reuse factor 1
q Service Provider Selection
u Number of service provider
: 2~3
u Frequency usage period : 7 years
u MVNO, NO-SP separation considered
Time Schedule
2004. 9
Complete service provider
selection policy
MVNO : Mobile Virtual Network Operator
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
2005. 2
Service provider
selection
NO : Network Operator
2006
Commercial service
SP : Service Provider
Source : MIC
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WiBro Mobile Station Development Strategy
q Survey Result of WiBro Demand
Public Users
Most important benefit
Preferred Service charge
policy
Preferred type of
mobile station
Needs for service continuity
with existing ones
q Cheap service charge
and phone
Enterprise Users
q Mobility
q Fixed amount
q Handheld type
? Early adopters prefer
notebook type
q Notebook type
q PDA
q 78%
q 95%
Source : KISDI, 2003
q WiBro Mobile Development Strategy
u Develop low price mobile phones for public users
u Develop high mobility support mobile phones for enterprise users
u Support existing services (Develop dual mode type)
u Develop notebook internal type or card type in early market
u Move to PDA or handheld type as market matures
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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WiBro System Development Strategy
q Time
Time--to
to--market Development of Standardized
System
u Proof of Concept development through HPi project
q Capacity Enhancement Technology Adoption
u MIMO / AAS / Space time coding adoption
u Increase the throughput of slowly moving users using UL/DL
reciprocal channel characteristics of TDD system
u Key technology development and TTA phase 2/IEEE802.16e
standardization
q Alternative Low Price Solution Development for
Enterprise or Household Users
u Standardize the configuration applying low power amplifier or
looser RF spec to reduce network deployment cost
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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Appendix. Technology Comparison
WiBro
3G Standard
TD-- CDMA
TD
HSDPA
Peak Data
Rate
DL : 18.4Mbps
UL : 6.1Mbps
DL : 3.1Mbps
UL : 900Kbps
Bandwidth
= 9MHz
5MHz(10MHz)
Multiple
Access
OFDMA
TDMA, CDMA TDMA, CDMA
Duplex
TDD
TDD
Mobility
Mid
Coverage
Mid
Standardization TTA & 802.16e
Public/
Enterprise
Target Market
CSMA : Carrier Sense Multiple Access
EV--DO
EV
DL : 14Mbps DL :3.1Mbps
UL : 2Mbps UL :1.2Mbps
5MHz
WLAN
802.11b :
11Mbps
802.11a,g :
54Mbps
1.25MHz
20MHz
CDMA
CSMA/CA
FDD
FDD
TDD
High
High
High
Low
Mid
Large
Large
Small
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP2
Public
Public
Public
IEEE
802.11x
Home/
Enterprise
CA : Collision Avoidance
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Q&A
Telecom R&D Center
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co, Ltd.
soon.young.yoon@samsung.com
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.
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