ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010
Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for
future networks and services
Standardisation from an industry
perspective
Mostafa Hashem Sherif, Ph. D.
AT&T
mhsherif@att.com
Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010
Standardisation in Telecommunication
Services
Telecommunication services
Infrastructure + operations support
systems + content
Network externalities and common
rules
Telecommunications vs. computer
networking
Standards change and evolve
Is standardisation money well spent?
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Current ICT Landscape
Content Manager
(Retailer ,aggregator , etc.)
End-user or Customer
Content Provider
Service Provider 2
Service Provider 1
Network
Network
Provider 1
Provider 2
Service Provider,
(virtual network
operators, ISPs
Payment operator,
etc.)
Infrastructure Provider (s)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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B2B Applications
Online
Catalogs
Orders
Supplier
Internal
Servers
Purchase order
Common
rules and
interfaces
Accounting
Reception
Receiving
Payment Order
Payment
Secure Financial Network
Buyer's
Supplier's Bank
Bank
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Standardisation Through Standards
Development Organizations
Standard Development Organization (Owner)
Consumers
(Developers)
Sponsors
Contributions
Delegates
(Suppliers)
End-users
Technical
Committee
(Producer)
Standard
Embodiment of the
standard
(Product within a
product)
(Product)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Actors in Standardisation
The actors:
manufacturers, service providers, content
distributors, standardization bodies,
governments
No end-users
Governments role
Funding
Taxation
Large orders
IPR rules
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Highlights of the ICT Standardisation
Process
Distributed process
Many interfaces and many stakeholders
None has direct control over the
standardization process
Those who make standards are anonymous
and do not answer for the long-term effect of
their technical choices
Difference in perspective between each
stakeholder, particularly in time
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Standards Development Organisations
Owners but not producers of standards
Assist in standards production and
distribution (and promotion?)
New waves of SDOs
Efficiency vs. Group think
Temporary structures => Long-term
maintenance of the specifications
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Role of Manufacturers vs. Operators
Until deregulation (until 1980s’)
Tight coupling between an operator and a
preferred manufacturer
Operators lead standardization
After deregulation (1990’s onwards)
Manufacturers lead standardization
More entrants and proposals
Example: GSM vs. 3G (UMTS)
Multiplication of claims
Fragmentation of property rights
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Manufacturers vs. Service Providers Time
Frames with the Same Technology
Services
4 -10 years
Equipment
Time
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Standards and Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR)
Feature
Standards
IPRs
Knowledge
Shared across
supply chain
Interoperability
Restricted
Goal
Monetization
For complicated systems: many patents
and many holders
Conflicts and market forces
GNU License and Open Source
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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IPR Issues
Most SDO allow patented or patentable
technologies
Holder of IPR is in a controlling position
Old culture:
Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing –
1956 Consent Degree of the US Dept. of Justice
vs. the Bell System
New culture
The patent holder is not necessarily the inventor
(“patent trolls”)
Submarine patents
Legal cases can last for years
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Examples of Patent Pools
ITU-T G.711.1
ITU-T G.729
IEEE 802.11
MPEG
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
MPEG-2 AAC (ISO/IEV 13818-7)
AVC/H.264
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ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Example of IPR Wars
VESA VL-bus technologies
Rambus (1999-2008 law suite)
GSM (Motorola)
TETRA (DVSI)
WCDMA (Ericsson vs. Qualcom => EU
vs. USA)
H.264 (Qualcomm vs. Broadcom)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Standardisation of Technology
Evolution
New technology
Performance
Technology transition
Anticipatory
standards
Enabling
standards
Responsive
standards
Existing
technology
Time
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Technology Innovations in
Telecommunications Services
Improved networking
technologies + improved
OSS + improved or new
applications
New
Technology
Platform
Radical
Innovation Innovation
Disruptive networking
technologies + new
OSSs + M&Ps + new
applications
Technological
discontinuity
Existing
Technology
Incremental
Architectural
Innovation
Innovation
Mature networking
Existing
Technology + improved
Value Chain
M&Ps + new
Sustaining
applications
innovations
New Value
Chain
Sustaining networking
technologies +improved
OSS + new applications
Disruptive
innovations
Value chain
discontinuity
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Concerns and Objectives in
Innovations
Performance
Improvement
New
Technology
Risk
Minimization
Platform
Innovation
Radical
Innovation
Technological
Discontinuity
Existing
Technology
System
Optimizatio
n
Incremental Architecture
Innovation
Innovation
Market
building
Existing
Value
Chain
Sustaining
Innovations
New
Value Chain
Value Chain
Discontinuity
Disruptive
Innovations
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Evolution of Ethernet as An Example
Performance
Improvement
Carrier Grade
Ethernet
Ethernet Bridges
G.8010,
Fault Management
(G.8031, G.0832,
Y.1731)
Risk
Minimization
Platform
Innovation
Radical
Innovation
Technological
Discontinuity
ITU-T SG 15
10 GHz
Ethernet
System
Optimization
Incremental Architecture
Innovation
Innovation
IEEE 802
2.4 Mb/s, 10
Mb/s, 100 Mb/s,
1Gb/s, 10Gb/s
Sustaining
Innovations
Market
building
802.1Q (Q-in-Q), 802.1a
(VLAN tag), 802.1Qay
(MAC-in-MAC), etc
Value Chain
Discontinuity
Disruptive
Innovations
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Some Rules of Thumbs (1)
Architectural innovations  Likelihood
of no standards or standard wars
increases
Platform innovations  Technology
competition
Radical innovations are the riskiest
Anticipatory standardisation is very
risky
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Some Rule of Thumbs (2)
Risk management  anticipatory
standards /radical innovations
Marketing tool  enabling
standards/architectural innovations
Scale and performance improvement
 enabling standards/platform
innovations
Cost reduction  responsive
standards/incremental innovations
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Is Standardisation Worth the Effort?
Not all innovations are the same  Not
all standardisations should be the same
The scope of the standard should
depend on
The phase in the technology life
Nature of the standard (component vs.
technology)
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Some Major Problems in the Current
Environment
Lack of quality measures for standards
Lack of accountability
IPR abuses
Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010:
ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services
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Additional Readings
T. M. Egyedi and M. H. Sherif, "Standards’ dynamics through an innovation lens:
Next generation Ethernet networks, ” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 48, No.
10, October 2010, pp. 166–172 (updated version of the paper presented in the ITU
Kaleidoscope 2008 Conference).
M. H. Sherif and D. Seo, "Government role in information and communications
technology innovation", Proceedings of ITU-T Kaleidoscope: Innovations for Digital
Inclusion, Mar del Plata, Argentina, 31 August – 1 September 2009, S7.1, available
at http://www.itu.int/publ/T-PROC-KALEI-2009/en.
M. H. Sherif, K. Jakobs, and T. M. Egyedi, "Standards of quality and quality of
standards for telecommunications and information technologies," pp. 427–447 in
Challenges in the Management of New Technologies, M. Hörlesberger, M. El-Nawawi
and T. Khalil, edts., World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2007 (Updated from
the Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Management of Technology,
Vienna, Austria, May 22-26, 2005).
M. H. Sherif, "Standards for networked equipment and services," in The Encyclopedia
of Life Support Systems, 2007.
M. H. Sherif, Managing Projects in Telecommunication Services, John Wiley & Sons,
2006, Chapter 2.
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