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ki-ANNE SCIENCE CENTP0
OviEGON STATE UNIVEP.SfTY
NEWPORT, OREGON 97355
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,
School of
OCEANOGRAPHY
A Compilation of
Observations from
Moored Current Meters
Volume XIII
Currents, Temperature and Pressure
Southeast of New Zealand
April 1978-May 1980
by
J. S. Bottom
H. L Bryden
D. C. Root
J. Simpkins III
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Data Report 88
Reference 81-8
June 1981
National Science Foundation
Grant No. OCE-7722887
Reproduction In whole or In part Is permitted
for any purpose of the. United State Government.
School of Oceanography
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
A COMPILATION
OF OBSERVATIONS
FROM MOORED CURRENT METERS
VOLUME XIII
CURRENTS, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
SOUTHEAST OF NEW ZEALAND
APRIL 1978 - MAY 1980
by
J. S. Bottero
H. L. Bryden
D. C. Root
J. Simpkins III
Data Report 88
Reference 81-8
June 1981
National Science Foundation
Grant No. OCE-7722887
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
1
The Current Meter Program
7
Description of Processed Data
8
Analysis of Measurements
11
Acknowledgments
12
References
13
Section I
Installations
Kumara
17
Wineberry
25
Sheep's Bit
43
Ngaio
55
Manuka
77
BT
99
Pikopiko
125
Section II
Horizontal Scale Information
155
ABSTRACT
Observations were made southeast of New Zealand from
April 1978 to May 1980 with the objectives of investigating
the dynamics of low-frequency motions and their effects on
the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; and the formation of
subantarctic mode water on Campbell Plateau. Self-recording
instruments were deployed during a 7-month period from April
to November 1978, and during an 18-month period from
November 1978 to May 1980. The 7-month array consisted of
15 Aanderaa current meters and 5 Aanderaa thermistor chains.
The 18-month array consisted of 3 Aanderaa current meters.
Measurements from these instruments are summarized in this
report through statistical tables, progressive vector
diagrams, real time plots, rotary and standard spectra, and
stick figures-.
INTRODUCTION
As part of the International Southern Ocean Studies
program, a set of observations were made in the region
southeast of New Zealand during the period April 1978 to May
1980. The major components of this work were a large-scale
hydrographic survey under the direction of Dr. Michael
McCartney, an array of moored current and temperature
observations under the direction of Dr. Harry Bryden, and a
study of the polar front zone under the direction of Dr.
Terrence Joyce (Morrison, Baker, Gordon, McCartney, Nowlin,
Pillsbury and Warren, 1980). The purposes of the moored
current and temperature measurements, with which this report
is primarily concerned, were to investigate the dynamics of
low-frequency motions or eddies and their effects on the
mean circulation, and the formation of sub-antarctic mode
water on Campbell Plateau.
The first array of self-recording moored instruments
were deployed from R/V TANGAROA during April 1978 (Figure
1). The array consisted of a coherent cluster of 5 moorings
near 49°30'S, 170°W (Figure 2) and a single mooring at 51°10'
175°E. The cluster was designed to study the combined
spatial and temporal variability of eddies in the region
downstream from where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
interacts with Macquarie Ridge. The single mooring on
172°E
I
1
174°
I
1
176°
I
I
178°
I
I
180°
I
I
178°
1
176°
174°
172°
170°
1
I
168° W
I
41°S —
42° —
43°—
Figure 1.
Location of moored arrays of current and temperature
measurements southeast of New Zealand during the period
April 1978 to May 1980. Crosses near 49°30'S, 170° W
denote the cluster array moorings deployed from April
to November 1978. The open circle near 49°24'S,
170°30'W denotes site mooring Pikopiko deployed from
November 1978 to May 1980. The darkened circle near
51°10 1 S, 175° E denotes the thermistor chain mooring
BT, deployed from April to November 1978. Also shown
is the track of a satellite-tracked drifting buoy
provided by Dr. George Cresswell. The buoy's eastward
velocity of approximately 12 cm/s is meant to indicate
the generally eastward flow in this region.
44°—
45° —
46° —
47° —
48° —
49°-
50° —
51° —
52° —
OC)
4? 0
0 63
0
V
.■
00 0/3
0
y
500
1000
w
1000
2000
4000
Figure 2. Positions of current meters deployed in the cluster
array near 49°30'S, 170°W from April to November 1978.
4
Figure 3. Operation time of current meters deployed southeast of
New Zealand during the period April 1978 to May 1980.
KUMARA
4000m
I042m
frMOZ/ZZAM7/9"700 S
V
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"WAffl7
A% T
V/7.■0/1
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./.#/M4'
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WINEBERRY
2040m
V7
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Z(Z/A Z/ZZW A
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Af7/./MA S
77 /7107
.
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1
//7 Z/1, Z%
W17;
1070m
La,
WY/
1978
T
P
e
A T
A P
e
T
7177 .7/A P
SHEEP'S BIT
2065m
A
Agonomon S
Aor
K
40I2m
77
e
MAMJJA
l/A S
AM/ A e
T
P
ONDJ
1979
5
V
V
2013m
NGAIO
A
S
T
A P
S
e
3972m
./%A T
P
V
4951 m
AS
P
'T
2074m
V
AS
Ae
Z%
P
MANUKA
///
4038m
/%
V l' F/
4986m
AS
A
%V.
A
e
T
S
e
T
V
%
430 m
S
Agf
A7A T
BT
AS
V //7
918 m
V
T
V
1978
A P
MA M J J A S 0 N D J
1979
III
I
I
1111[1111
S
e
1055 m
V
PIKOPIKO 2058m
4058m
ZAV
%VA T
A
/
%///////////////////////////////////////////////////
P
S
T
P
S
e
NDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAM
1978
1979
1980
6
Campbell Plateau, with 5 100m-long thermistor chains
deployed between 100m and 650m depths and 2 current meters
at 310 and 950m depths, was designed to study the formation
of sub-antarctic mode water. During the cruise aboard R/V
TANGAROA, a hydrographic survey was made around the cluster
array through the efforts of Dr. Ron Heath and Dr. Stanley
Hayes. A drifting buoy provided by Dr. George Cresswell was
deployed upstream of the cluster array (Heath, Bryden and
Hayes, 1978).
This first array was recovered from R/V KNORR during
November 1978. On each of the moorings Manuka and Ngaio,
the mooring line had been cut between 1500 and 2000m in
depth, resulting in a loss of the 4 current meters deployed
at 500 and 1000m depths. Investigation of the data from the
recovered instruments suggested that each line had parted
during late October. The cause of the cuts could not be
determined. During this cruise aboard R/V KNORR, another
hydrographic survey was made around the array under the
direction of Dr. Michael McCartney.
The second array consisting of the site mooring Pikopiko
with 3 Aanderaa current meters at 1000, 2000, and 4000m
depths (Figure 1) was deployed at 49°24'S, 170°30'W (Bryden
and Joyce, 1979). The site mooring was recovered aboard R/V
TANGAROA during May 1980.
7
CURRENT METER PROGRAM
The recovered array of instruments consists of 18
Aanderaa current meters and 5 thermistor chains on 7
moorings. All of the current meter moorings were
subsurface, taut-wire moorings. Their design followed, in
large part, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
intermediate mooring scheme (HeinmilIer and Walden, 1973).
The current meters used were Aanderaa RCM 5's and are
described by Pillsbury et al. (1974). The thermistor chains
used were made by Aanderaa and were 100m in length. The
duration of the record from each instrument is presented in
Figure 3.
Each current meter was equipped to measure current
speed, direction, and temperature. Current meters shallower
than 2500m were also equipped to measure pressure. Each
100m-thermistor chain was equipped to measure temperature at
10m intervals. The shallowest thermistor chain was equipped
to measure pressure. Because of the narrow range of
temperatures expected in this region, we restricted the
range of the temperature sensors to -2°C to +6°C on those
meters which could be so equipped. The resolution for this
range is ±0.008°C. All calibrations for temperature were
done with an NBS traceable quartz thermometer and the preand post-calibrations agreed within ±0.02°C, on average.
The upper current meters were fitted with Vernitron
8
Corp. Model 3000 potentiometer type gauge pressure
transducers. The range of the transducers was set at 0-5000
psig. They have an accuracy of 1% of range and a resolution
of 0.1% of range.
The Aanderaa current meters were calibrated before and
after the experiment and all units exhibited satisfactory,
reproducible data. The method of calibration and subsequent
procedures used in the data processing are generally
described by Pillsbury et al. (1974).
DESCRIPTION OF PROCESSED DATA
Data from each mooring are presented separately in the
following order: Kumara, Wineberry, Sheep's Bit, Ngaio,
Manuka, BT, and Pikopiko. The header page gives information
about the mooring location, instrumentation, data interval,
and a statement describing the kind of data collected at
that point and the quality of the record. Each meter has a
serial number assigned to it by the manufacturer. Each
successive tape recorded by that machine is numbered with
the serial number and the tape number. Thus, 485/10
indicates the tenth tape recorded by machine 485.
The table of statistics following the header page gives
the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis,
maximum value, minimum value, and the number of hourly
values of the record length for each variable measured:
9
is the true east-west velocity component and V is the true
north-south velocity component in cm/s, T is temperature in
C, and P is pressure in pascals.
Real time plots of the data follow the table of
•
statistics. Data were taken each hour and plots which show
each point are too long to be easily included in this
report. To reduce the plots the data were filtered with a
60+1+60 point Cosine-Lanczos filter with a half-amplitude at
34.3 hours and half power at 40 hours. The data points
output by the filter program are at 6 hour intervals. This
filter was designed to remove both tidal and inertial
oscillations from the data.
After the statistics are presented for each mooring a
progressive vector diagram is presented for each current
record on the mooring. Then plots of east and north
velocity components, temperature and pressure versus time
are presented for each instrument. Because some of the
temperatue variation is due to tilting of the mooring in
strong currents, corrected temperature rather than measured
temperature is plotted versus time. The corrected
temperatue, T c , is calculated from the measured temperature,
T m , and pressure, P m , as follows:
c
= T - (P - T )PT/40
m
m
m
where Pm is the mean pressure and '1. /13 has the following
10
values:
Depth (m)
3T/Dp (°C/100 dbars)
1000
-.397
2000
-.066
4000
-.052
If a mooring has at least one pressure record, then a time
series of predicted pressure is generated for the
instruments with no pressure records at 2000 and 4000m
depths by assuming a uniform tilt of the mooring. Then a
corrected temperature time series is generated and plotted.
Because the temperature time series at 4900m depths do not
vary more than 1 bit from their mean values, these
temperatures are not plotted against time and their spectra
are not shown. For mooring BT temperature plots for the
thermistor chains are included following the current meter
temperature plots.
Following these real time plots, a rotary spectrum and
a kinetic energy spectrum are presented for each current
record. A spectrum of temperatue variance and a spectrum of
pressure variance follow for each measured temperature or
pressure record.
11
After the spectra, time series plots of velocity
component and temperature are presented for those moorings
with the best vertical information so that vertical
coherence and phase can be judged visually. Thus, east and
north velocity components at 2000, 4000, and 4900m depths
are presented for moorings Ngaio and Manuka; temperatures at
1000, 2000, and 4000m depths are presented for mooring
Wineberry; and stick figures of currents at 1000, 2000, and
4000m depths are presented for BT and Pikopiko.
In Section II, plots are presented so that horizontal
coherence and phase can be judged visually. Stick figures
for 2000m currents on Wineberry, Ngaio, Manuka and Sheep's
Bit are presented, follwed by stick figures for 4000m
currents on Wineberry, Ngaio and Manuka. Careful
examination of these figures should reveal an eastward
propagation of events at a speed of about 10 cm/s.
ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS
These moored current and temperature measurements have
been used in a review of the role of eddies in the'
circulation of the Southern Ocean (Bryden, 1979, 1980, 1981)
and in a study of internal waves (Hayes, 1979).
addition, Dr. Bryden is analyzing the measurements to study
the dynamics of eddies and their effects on the mean
circulation in the region southeast of New Zealand; Dr.
Heath and Dr. Paul May are studying tidal motions observed
12
in these records; Dr. McCartney is investigating the
formation of subantarctic mode water with the data on
mooring BT; and Dr. Dale Pillsbury is comparing these
measurements with those made in the Drake Passage.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Support for these measurements was provided by the
Office for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration of
the National Science Foundation under grant OCE 77-22887.
Ron Heath with the support of the New Zealand Oceanographic
Institute of the Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research arranged shiptime aboard R/V TANGAROA for
deployment of the initial array in April 1978 and for
recovery of the final site mooring in May 1980. These
measurements would not have been possible without the
logistical support generously provided by Ron Heath, Bruce
Shakespeare and their colleagues at New Zealand
Oceanographic Institute. The mooring deployments and
recoveries were carefully carried out under difficult
conditions by Ben Moore, Ed Seifert and Bob Still. The
willingness of Dale Pillsbury to provide the necessary
liaison between scientists at Woods Hole Oceanographic
Instituion and technical support in the Buoy Group at Oregon
State University made this cooperative experiment feasible.
13
REFERENCES
Bryden, H.L. 1979. "Effect of eddies on the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current (Abstract). IUGG Interdisciplinary
Symposuim on The Origin and Nature of the Southern Ocean,
Canberra, December 1979, p. 153.
Bryden, H.L. 1980. Observations of eddies and their effect
in the Antarctic circumpolar region (Abstract). EOS, 61,
263.
Bryden, H.L. 1981. The Southern Ocean. Chapter 14 of
Eddies in Marine Science, edited by A.R. Robinson.
Bryden, H.L., and T.M. Joyce . 1979. Studies of eddies and
interleaving water masses east and south of New Zealand.
Antarctic Journal, 14, 117-119.
Hayes, S.P. 1979. The internal wave field near the
Circumpolar Current (Abstract). IUGG Interdisciplinary
Symposuim on The Origin and Nature of the Southern Ocean,
Canberra, December 1979, p.170.
Heath, R.A., H.L. Bryden and S.P. Hayes 1978. Interaction
of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with topography south
of New Zealand. Antarctic Journal, 13, 76-78.
Heinmiller, R.G., and R.G. Walden 1973. Details of Woods
Hole moorings. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Technical Report 73-71, 19p.
Morrison, J.M., D.J. Baker,Jr., A.L. Gordon, M.S. McCartney,
W.D. Nowlin, Jr., R.D. Pillsbury and B.A. Warren 1980.
Program Summary of the International Southern Ocean Studies.
National Science Foundation, 1980, 43p.
Pillsbury, R.D., J.S. Bottero, R.E. Still and W.E. Gilbert
1974. A compilation o observations from moored current
meters, Vol. VI, Oregon Continental Shelf, April-October
1972. Oregon State University, School of Oceanography,
Corvallis. Data Report 57, Reference 74-2, 230p.
14
16
18
KUMARA
Position: 49°20.9'S, 170°19.0'W
Depth of Water: 5125'm
Set at: 0618 UCT 15 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 0506 UCT 15 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval: 0920 UCT 15 APR '78 to 2020 UCT 29 SEP
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
4000 m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape N
2284/9
Instrument 2284 recorded speed, and temperature once per hour until
2020 UCT 29 SEP '78. Good directions were recorded until 0120 UCT
17 SEP '78.
19
KUMARA
4000 m
MIN
N
KURT
MAX
.78
3.50
21.20
.70
4020
5.49
-.05
2.23
18.20
-13.00
3713
2.36
6.42
.31
2.28
21.20
-12.90
3719
1.01
.03
.25
2.86
1.09
.93
4020
MEAN
S.D.
8.04
3.56
1.90
SKEW
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
20
( 90
I
-9 0
90
180
270
360
--9 0
4000 METERS AT KUMARA. 15 APR 78 - 29 SEP 78.
450
U COMPONENT
20
15
I0
2
5
0
—5
—10
V COMPONENT
1.0
0.9
TEMPERATURE
MAY
1
1
JUN
JUL
RIDGE STATION K. AT 4000 METERS
AUG
SEP
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4000 METERS AT KUMARA.
100
10
.1
.01 •
-3 -2.5
-2 -1.5
-1
-.5
0
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
23
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4000 METERS AT KUMARA.
H
95 PERCENT
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
24
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4000 METERS AT KUMARA.
95 PERCENT
.0000001
4 444444
.01
.1
4
4 II 4 II MO
4
4 4 114444
II
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
4
64141
100
26
Position: 49°22.1'S, 170°30.7'W
Depth of Water: 5070 m
Set at: 0141 UCT 13 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 1740 UCT 17 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval: 0416 UCT 13 APR '78 to 1516 UCT 17 NOV '78
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
1000 m
2000 m
4000 m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
1242/14
1244/13
2130/12
Instrument 1242 recorded temperature and pressure once per hour
until 1218 UCT 4 OCT '78. The speed sensor failed during installation.
Good directions were recorded until 0518 UCT 27 SEP '78.
Instrument 1244 recorded speed, direction, temperature, and pressure
once per hour until the instrument was recovered.
Instrument 2130 recorded speed, direction, and temperature once
hour until the instrument was recovered.
27
WINEBERRY
1042 m
T
P
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
4.04
.58
.82
3.99
5.69
4.56
24.88
16997000.
10477069.
1033366.
MAX
MIN
2.60
4185
10014000.
4185
.70
5243
2040 m
S
9.64
6.10
1.56
5.71
37.40
U
.31
8.70
.45
4.51
37.40
-30.10
5243
V
-1.13
7.28
-.02
3.54
18•.80
-28.90
5243
T
2.34
.05
-.67
7.50
2.48
2.04
5243
P
20501750.
3.96
19.04
814970.
25152000.
20115000. 5243
4012 m
S
7.71
3.53
.70
3.47
22.40
.70
5244
U
-.65
5.89
.43
2.26
16.60
-15.40
5244
V
.13
6.07
.56
3.21
18.50
-20.20
5244
T
1.02
.03
.85
3.98
1.13
.96
5244
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
28
- 375
-125
- -12,5
- -25O
2040 METERS AT WINEBERRY. 13 APR 78 - 17 NOV 78
29
- 400
-200
-100
100
200
300
- -100
4012 METERS AT WINEBERRY. 13 APR 761 - 17 NOV 78.
400
5.5
5.0
4.5
40
3.5
30
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1
JUN
JUN
RIDGE STATION W. AT 1042 METERS,
1
AUG
SEP
OCT
31
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
AO
15
-20
-25
-30
U COMPONENT
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
MAY
1
JUN
1
JUG
RIDGE STATION W. AT 2040 METERS
1
SEP
1
OCT
1
NOV
cn
2
200
cn
cc
100
co
ca
0
—4c7--nolw
-100
PREDICTED PRESSURE
1.0
0.9
1
MAY
RIDGE STATION
JUN
JUL
W. AT 4012 METERS
1
AUG
1
SEP
OCT
1
NOV
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2040 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
1000
100
.01
—3
—2.5
—2
—1.5
—.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4012 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
1000
.01
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-.5
•
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
35
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2040 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
95 PERCENT
II • • • SIM
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER 'DAY
36
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4012 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
.0001
1.01
95 PERCENT
I I••••••
I
I III MO
•I
• 1111$
•
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
I I I 11111
100
37
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 1042 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
38
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 2040 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
.01
.001
.0001
.00001
.000001
95 PERCENT
.0000001
•
.01
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
I • • 11111
100
39
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4012 M AT WINEBERRY.
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
40
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 1042 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
95 PERCENT
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
41
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 2040 METERS AT WINEBERRY.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
30
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 1042 METERS.
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 2040 METERS
1 .1 -
1.0
0.9
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 4012 METERS
MAY
RIDGE STATION W.
JUN
1
JUL
SEP
1
OCT
NOV
44
SHEEP'S BIT
Position: 49°41.9'S, 170°09.6 S
Depth of Water: 5310 m
Set at: 0858 UCT 13 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 0100 UCT 18 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval
1221 UCT 13 APR '78 to 2223 UCT 17 NOV '78
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
1000 m
2000 m
4000 m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
500/19
501/45
2281/5
Instrument 500 recorded speed, direction, temperature, and pressure
once per hour. The speed sensor failed during installation. The
compass may also have failed. No directions between about 140 degrees
and 315 degrees were recorded. By comparing this record with the
next deeper one it was possible to find two segments that almost
certainly did not contain directions in the blanked region, and
these have been retained in the saved data file. The remainder of, the
direction record was zeroed. The zeroed portions are: (0023 UCT 9
MAY '78 to 2323 UCT 24 Jun '78); and (0023 UCT 9 AUG '78 through
the end of the file).
Instrument 501 recorded speed, direction, temperature, and pressure
once per hour until the instrument was recovered.
Instrument 2281 failed to yield any data. The tape was blank.
45
SHEEP'S BIT
1070 m
MAX
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
3.87
.31
-.06
2.92
4.77
10753728.
415107.
10.55
13531000.
2.75
MIN
2.75
10523000.
5242
5242
2065 m
S
7.52
4.13
.74
3.50
25.30
.70
5243
U
-.17
5.53
.31
3.76
20.10
-18.10
5243
V
.02
6.56
.75
3.15
22.30
- 5.30
5243
T
2.31
.03
-.49
3.42
2.38
2.19
5243
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
46
- 480
-160
-80
80
160
- -80
2065 METERS AT SHEEP' S BIT. 13 APR 78 - 17 NQV 78.
5.0
301300
1200
1100
1000
PRESSURE
1
MAY
JUN
JUL
RIDGE STATION S. AT 1070 METERS
1
AUG
SEP
OCT
U
2015•
10
-w
5
0
-5 -
- 10 -
- 15
-
U COMPONENT
20 15
10 -
U
5
-
0
-5 -10 - V COMPONENT
23002200
8
2100
2000
2.4
2.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE
MAY
1
JUN
JUL
RIDGE STATION S.AT 2065 METERS
1
1
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2065 METERS AT SHEEP'S BIT.
100
10
I-
Nz
1
cc
a
to
.1
Mb
.01
–
3 –2.5
–1.5
–/
–.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
50
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2065 METERS AT SHEEP' S BIT.
95 PERCENT
I 1 II••••
•
• I • I ••••
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
51
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 1070 METERS AT SHEEP' S BIT.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
52
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 2065 METERS AT SHEEP'S BIT.
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
53
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 1070 METERS AT SHEEP'S BIT.
95 PERCENT
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
54
56
Position: 49°12.5'S, 169°53.6'W
Depth of Water: 5240 m
Set at: 0735 UCT 12 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 1926 UCT 16 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval: 1044 UCT 12 APR'78 to 1544 UCT 15 NOV '78
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
2000 m
4000 m
5000 m
495/50
2282/7
3124/6
Instrument 495 recorded speed, direction, temperature,
once per hour until 2113 UCT 22 OCT '78.
Instrument 2282 recorded speed, direction, and temperature once
hour until the instrument was recovered.
Instrument 3124 recorded speed, direction, and temperature once per
hour until the instrument was recovered.
57
NGAIO
2013 m
MIN
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
S
12.96
6.10
1.68
6.71
40.00
.70
4631
U
1.97
7.92
-.18
2.81
25.60
-23.80
4631
V
-1.68
11.66
.17
3.05
36.40
-39.10
4631
2.38
.05
-.03
2.82
2.51
2.23
4631
1.63
5.45
23557000.
P
20235242.
777719.
19472000.
4631
3972 m
S
8.38
3.09
.33
3.09
21.20
.70
5214
U
.84
5.33
-.08
2.94
17.30
-16.30
5214
V
-1.44
6.96
.39
2.27
17.10
-20.20
5214
T
1.06
.03
.78
4.81
1.20
.97
5214
4951 m
S
8.01
3.54
.44
3.74
25.00
.70
5214
U
-1,25
4.97
.47
2.85
19,00
-13.50
5214
V
-2.16
6.76
.36
2.47
17.70
-24.20
52i4
T
.93
.01
.35
4.73
.96
.91
5214
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
58
600
-150
-300
2013 METERS AT NGAIO. 12 APR 78 - 22 OCT 78.
59
3972 METERS AT NGAIO. 12 APR 78 - 15 NOV 78-
60
- 300
-300
-150
150
300
- -150
- -300
- -450
4951 METERS AT NGAIO. 12 APR 78 - 15 NOV 78.
61
20 15
105
0
4-
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
(/)
0
J COMPONE:',7
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-40 I
COMPONENT
2400
2300
(r)
cr
2200
0
2100
2000
1900
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2 2 .
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE
MAY
1
JUN
RIDGE STATION N. AT 2013 METERS
1
JUL
1
AUG
1
SEP
OCT
0
cn
200
cn
cr
100
(7..)
O
0
I.0
0.9
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE
MAY
1
JUN
RIDGE STATION N. AT 3972 METERS
1
JUL
1
AUG
1
SEP
OCT
U COMPONENT AT 4951 METERS, RIDGE STATION N.
-5
-10
H5
-20 V COMPONENT AT 4951 METERS, RIDGE STATION N.
MAY
1
JUN
1
JUL
1
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2013 METERS AT NGAIO.
1000 I
100
10
.1
.01
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-J.
-.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 3972 METERS AT NGAIO.
1000
.01
•
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4951 METERS AT NGAIO.
1000
.01
—3
—2.5
—2 —1.5
—1
—.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
67
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2013 METERS AT NGAIO.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
68
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 3972 METERS AT NGAIO.
95 PERCENT
1
1 41-• 11111
•
• t 11111111
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
69
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4951 METERS AT NGAIO.
95 PERCENT
.0001
j
.01
1
1 I
11•11
•
I III MI
1
1
1• 1111111
I
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
••1 1111111
100
70
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 2013 METERS AT NGAIO.
.0 0 01
95 PERCENT
$
.01
.1
1 1 111111
1
1 1 111111
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1 1 111111
100
71
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 3972 METERS AT NGAIO.
.01
.0 01
.0 0 0 1
.0 00 0 1
.000001
95 PERCENT
.0000 0 01
.0 1
.1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
72
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4951 METERS AT NCAIO.
z
ta
0
.00001
w
W .000001
a.
cn
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
73
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 2013 METERS AT NGAIO.
95 PERCENT
1
1 I 111111
1
1 1111111
100
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
15,
10
5
0
-5
- 10
- 15
-20
- 25
U
COMPONENT AT 2013 METERS
15
10
co
5
2
0
-5
-10'
-I5
U COMPONENT AT 3972 METERS
MAY
RIDGE STATION N.
1
1
1
JUN
JUL
AUG
1
SEP '
1
1
OCT
NOV
35
30
25
20
15
5
LLJ
cn
\
2
o
15-
n50
-5-
-10-15_ V COMPONENT AT 3972 METERS
15
10
5
MAY
RIDGE STATION N.
JUN
1
JUL
1
AUG
1
SEP
1
NOV
76
78
Position: 49°23.7'S, 169°57.0'W
Depth of Water: 5265 m
Set at: 0045 UCT 12 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 0045 UCT 16 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval: 0411 UCT 12 APR '78 to 2115 UCT 15 NOV '78
Instrumentation
Intended Depth
RCM5 Serial No. /Tape No.
2000 m
4000 m
4965 m
Instrument 493 recorded speed, direction, temperature, and pressure
once per hour until the instrument was recovered. The temperature
and pressure records indicate that the mooring may have slipped downslope about 80 m (vertically) late on 16 OCT '78, with about 10 meters
of additional slippage during the next several days.
Instrument 1968 recorded speed, and temperature once per hour until
the instrument was recovered. Good directions were recorded until
1614 UCT 7 NOV '78.
Instrument 3122 recorded speed, direction,
hour until the instrument was recovered.
79
MANUKA
2074 m
MIN
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
S
11.04
6.21
1.62
6.37
37.70
.70
5226
U
1.81
7.21
1.30
5.89
36.00
-12.70
5226
V
-2.25
10.00
.07
3.21
23.80
-36.30
5226
T
2.33
.04
-.14
3.17
2.43
2.17
5226
2.52
12.72
26051000.
20843675.
790138.
20228000.
5226
4038 m
7.14
3.85
.60
3.10
20.80
.70
5226
U
1.15
4.86
.76
3.97
19.70
-11.20
5029
V
.61
6.48
.63
2.44
18.40
-11.60
5029
T
1.04
.02
.45
3.05
1.13
.98
5226
4986 m
S
7.73
4.21
.45
2.70
21.90
.70
5226
U
2.87
5.26
-.20
3.26
20.20
-12.90
5214
V
2.61
5.90
.28
2.33
20.40
-10.50
5216
T
.95
.01
-.31
2.23
.97
.92
5226
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
80
-150
2074 METERS AT MANUKA. 12 APR 78 - 15 NOV 78.
81
- 500
-100
100
200
300
400
-100
4038 METERS AT MANUKA. 12 APR 78 - 15 NOV 78.
82
-750
•
-150
150
300
450
600
- -150
4986 METERS AT MANUKA. 12 APR 78 - 15 NOV 78.
83
a2
1
MAY
1
JUN
JUL
RIDGE STATION M. AT 2074 METERS
AUG
SEP
OCT
15
U
I0
L1.1
5
2
0
–5
–10
200 100 0
co
0
--I00
1
PREDICTED PRESSURE
.2 -
0
0
1.0
0.9
1
MAY
1
JUN
RIDGE STATION M. AT 4038 METERS
1
JUL
1
AUG
1
SEP
OCT
NOV
20
15
U
0U
5
0
-5
-10
U COMPONENT AT 4986 METERS, RIDGE STATION M.
0
2
U
V COMPONENT AT 4986 METERS, RIDGE STATION M.
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2074 METERS AT MANUKA.
1000
>-
LiJ
Ln
.01
-3
-2.5
-1.5
-1
-.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2.5
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4038 METERS AT MANUKA.
U)
2
0
J
cr
F-
c.)
aU)Iii
.01
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1.
-.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4986 METERS AT MANUKA.
1000
100
10
1
.1
.01
•
-3 -2.5
S
-2 -1.5
-1
-.5
0
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
89
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2074 METERS AT MANUKA.
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
90
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4038 METERS AT MANUKA.
95 PERCENT
I
.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
I 1111111
100
91
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4986 METERS AT MANUKA.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
92
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 2074 M AT MANUKA.
95 PERCENT
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
93
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4038 M AT MANUKA.
95 PERCENT
.01
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
94
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4986 METERS AT MANUKA.
.001
.0001
)cn
z
.00001
w .000001
.0000001
95 PERCENT
.00000001
.01
.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
95
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 2074 M AT MANUKA.
95 PERCENT
1.00
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
35
-
25,
30
20
-
15 •
10
15
•
/111111
0
20
15
10
5
•
0
-5
-10- U COMPONENT AT 4038 METERS
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
MAY
RIDGE STATION M.
JUN
1
JUL
AUG
1
SEP
OCT
20
15
I0
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35 1 V COMPONENT AT 2074 METERS
-5 -10 V COMPONENT AT 4986 METERS
MAY
RIDGE STATION W.
1
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
1
NOV
98
100
Position: 51°09.8'S, 175°01.4 W
Depth of Water: 1090 m
Set at: 1057 UCT 19 APR '78 by R/V TANGAROA
Retrieved at: 2142 UCT 21 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Data Interval: 1410 UCT 19 APR '78 to 1110 UCT 30 SEP '78
Instrumentation
Current Meters
Intended Depth
430 m
1000 m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
488/36
1245/15
Instrument 488 recorded speed, and temperature until the instrument
was recovered. Good directions were recorded until 0410 UCT 24 SEP '78.
Instrument 1245 recorded speed, temperature, and pressure until 1514
UCT 13 SEP '78. Good directions were recorded until 0614 UCT 4 SEP '78.
Thermistor Chain
Intended Depth
100 200
210 - 310
320 - 420
440 - 540
550 - 650
m
m
m
m
m
Datalogger Serial
308/1
309/1
306/1
310/1
307/1
Instrument 308 leaked and recorded data until 13 MAY '78.
Instruments 309, 306, 310, and 307 recorded data until 21 NOV
101
BT
430 m
MIN
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
S
16.85
8.92
.90
3.91
53.00
.70
3934
U
.80
7.52
-.47
4.00
25.30
-38.20
3783
14.23
10.26
.48
3.45
50.10
-12.70
3783
8.11
.51
-1.00
4.42
9.13
5.48
3934
T
918
S
12.40
7.47
.49
2.87
40.10
.70
3530
U
-1.58
8040
-.49
3.45
25.30
-37.30
3305
V
8.45
8.68
.21
2.79
36.90
-19.10
3304
T
4.70
.35
-.04
3.38
5.61
3.35
3530
3.45
15.60
9169000.
3530
P
9225822.
55908.
9583000.
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
102
2000
400
-400
- -400
430 METERS AT BT. 19 APR 78 - 3t3 SEP 78.
103
1200
I
-200
200
- -200
918 METERS AT BT. 19 APR 78 - 13 SEP 78.
50
40
30
0
APR
-10
-20
430 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED U COMPONENT
918 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED U COMPONENT
50
40
30 20
10
0
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
- 10
-2n
430 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED V COMPONENT
AUG
30
20
U
W
o
■
m
o
10
APR
MAY
JUN
v Li L
-10
-20
-30
918 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED V COMPONENT
AUG
SEP
9.5 9.08 .5-
7.0-
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
430 VETERS AT BT
CORRECTED LAP FILTERED TEvPERATURE
6.0
5 .5
$.0-
4.5
4.0
3.5
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
918 METERS AT BT
CORRECTED LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
SEP
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
100 M - 200 M THERMISTOR CHAIN AT BT
LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
SEP
OCT
NOV
8.5 -
4 .8 -
7 .5 -
7.0 -
8 .5 -
0.0
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
210 M
310 M THERMISTOR CHAIN AT BT
LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
SEP
OCT
NOV
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
320 M - 420 M THERMISTOR CHAIN AT BT
LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
SEP
OCT
NOV
8.0 -
7 .5 -
7 .0 -
6.5 •
6 .8 -
5.5 -
5 .0 -
4.5
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
440 M - 540 M THERMISTOR CHAIN AT BT
LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
SEP
OCT
NOV
7.9
6.5
6.8
5.5
5.9 -
4.5 -
4.8
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
550 M - 650 M THERMISTOR CHAIN AT BT
LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
OCT
NOV
945 -
I
940 935 ce 930
925
920
915
910
APR
MAY
JUN
918 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED PRESSURE
JUL
AUG
SEP
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 430 METERS AT BT.
1000
100
10
1
-3 -2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-.5
.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 918 METERS AT BT.
1000
100
10
-2.5
-1.5
-1
-.5
0
.5
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
118
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 430 METERS AT BT.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
119
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 91B METERS AT BT.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
120
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 430 METERS AT BT.
.0 1
.001
.00 0 1
95 PERCENT
.0000 1
.0 1
.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
121
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 918 METERS AT BT.
95 PERCENT
.1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
122
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 918 METERS AT BT.
100
10
.01
95 PERCENT
.001
SIM
.01
.1
II II
4111111••
1
• • II • Ms.
I a • • Mil
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
iJ
LI
f)
123
NORTH
50 40
30
20
10
7' • 1.)..1 •
144
,
0
.11Ti
jrN
1(,/
It
)(A)
-10
-20
MAY
APR
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
JUL
AUG
SEP
430 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED CURRENT
NORTH
30 20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
APR
MAY
JUN
918 METERS AT BT
LLP FILTERED CURRENT
124
Position: 499 23.5'S, 1709 30.0'W
Depth of Water: 5110 m
Set at: 2300 UCT 18 NOV '78 by R/V KNORR
Retrieved at: 0035 UCT 2 MAY '80 by R/V TANGAROA
Data Interval: 0207 UCT 19 NOV '78 to 2208 UCT 1 MAY
Intended Depth
1000 m
2000 m
4000 m
RCM5 Serial No./Tape No.
497/44
1237/17
1236/18
Instrument 497 recorded speed, direction, temperature, and pressure
once per hour until the instrument was recovered.
Instrument 1237 recorded speed, direction, temperature
once per hour until the instrument was recovered.
Instrument 1236 recorded speed, direction, and temperature once per
hour until the Instrument was recovered.
127
PIKOPIKO
1055 m
MEAN
S.D.
SKEW
KURT
MAX
18.54
9.49
0.01
2.07
46.40
0.70
12716
U
8.09
14.30
-0.27
2.27
38.60
-29.60
12716
V
3.04
12.43
-0.07
2.69
38.80
-33.00
12716
T
3.99
0.54
0.23
3.09
5.48
2.61
12716
1021700.
1.98
7.16
16150000.
9782000.
12716
P
10600400.
MIN
2058 m
S
11.11
5.53
0.41
2.67
30.40
0.70
12716
U
4.20
8.61
-0.22
2.49
28.10
-21.80
12716
V
3.10
7.25
-0.07
2.61
24.40
-22.60
12716
T
2.32
0.06
-1.16
6.40
2.50
1.99
12716
P 20686900.
835700.
2.08
7.45
25168000. 20075000.
12716
4058 m
S
9.49
4.59
0.69
3.30
27.90
0.70
12716
U
4.11
6.61
-0.10
2.82
27.10
-14.20
12716
V
3.66
1.09
-0.09
2.63
23.90
-15.10
12716
T
1.00
0.03
0.11
2.47
1.09
0.90
12716
Speed, u, and v are given in cm/sec; temperature in degrees centigrade; and
pressure in pascals.
1055 M AT STN PIKOPIKO. 529.8 DAYS STARTING 209 19 NOV 78.
129
-1800
--450
2058 M AT STN PIKOPIKO. 529.8 OATS STARTING 308 19 NOV 78.
130
-2000
-400
400
800
1200
1600
--400
4058 M AT STN PIKOPIKO. 529.8 DAYS STARTING 207 19 NOV 78.
2000
40 30 20 10
I
-10
-20
-30
-40
1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED U COMPONENT
30
20
-10
-20
2358 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED U COMPONENT
30 -
20 -
10
0
•
-10 -
4058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED U COMPONENT
40 -
30 20 U
10
0
0
NOV
-10
-20
-
- 30 - 40
1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED V COMPONENT
FEB M
R MAY
30—
20—
JUNsJU
OCT NOV DEC
—10—
—20—
2058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
ALP FILTERED V COMPONENT
f JA
30 -
20 10 N
0
R
A
JUN JUL AU
I
I
1
OCT NOV DEC JA F_B MAR
-1 0 -20 -
4058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED V COMPONENT
MAY
5 .55.04.54.0-
J.
3 .53.0
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
CORRECTED LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
2.55 2.50 2.45
LLJ
LLJ
2.40-
n
2.35 -
A\A
2.30 2.25
.111111111111111111
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
2058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
CORRECTED LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
1.101.08-
1
1.061.04w
ce
o
w
111A
#
44ii
'1\
JI
t
1 .02 -
0
41\
1.000.98
_
0.96 0.94
,
I
ei
(
11)
\
flY,1
I/
1/II
\l'
Ai1(11
.
.
•
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
I
f
4058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
CORRECTED LLP FILTERED TEMPERATURE
-
1
I
16n1500 1400-
0
13001200 -
nee1000900
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
ALP FILTERED PRESSURE
2500 2400 2300
2200
z
2100 2000 1900
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
2058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED PRESSURE
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO.
1 0000 =
0.1
-3
-2.5
-2
-1
.5
-0.5
0
0.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO.
0.0 1
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO.
1000 7.
0.01
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1.5
2
2.5
3
145
UNFILTERED CURRENT.
1055
M AT PIKOPIKO.
10000 =
0.
01
95 PERCENT
0.801
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
146
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 2058 M AT PIKOPIKO.
10000 =
10 0 0
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
95 PERCENT
0.00i
0.01
1
1
1111111
0.1
1
1
1111111
1
1
I
1111111
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
1
1
1111111
100
147
UNFILTERED CURRENT. 4858 M AT PIKOPIKO.
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
148
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 1055 M AT PIKOPIKO.
1
0
1
0.1
0. 01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
1
95
'PERCENT
0.000001
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
149
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 2058 M AT PIKOPIKO.
0 .1 -
0.000001
95 PERCENT
0.0000001
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
150
UNFILTERED TEMPERATURE. 4058 M AT PIKOPIKO.
0.01 =
95 PERCENT
0.0000081
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 1055 M AT PIKOPIKO.
151
108808
10000
1000
=
100
=
I
Al
1
1
0
=
1
0 . 1
0.01 _
95 PERCENT
0.801
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
188
152
UNFILTERED PRESSURE. 2058 M AT PIKOPIKO.
100000
0.01
95 PERCENT
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
FREQUENCY, CYCLES PER DAY
100
T
40
NORTH
153
30
20
10
- 10
-20
-30
-40
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY'
1055 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED CURRENT
NORTH
30
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT
2058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED CURRENT
30-
T
NORTH
20-
0
V)
10 -
0-10-20
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY
4058 METERS AT PIKOPIKO
LLP FILTERED CURRENT
154
156
27° TRUE
/11////
1#88llilliwoommoll
"11111111
/8 1/ 11// ///
CURRENT AT 2040 METERS, RIDGE STATON W
20 cm/sec
--N
W --CURRENT AT 2013 METERS, RIDGE STATION N
-111111 07 mIqm
IIKU
\\\\\\\%■\\111111//
Fffillifill'\"",
CURRENT AT 2074 METERS, RIDGE STATION M
\\\\\\//""\\\Allivi
CURRENT AT 2065 METERS, RIDGE STATION S
1
MAY
11
JUN
JUL
I
AUG
SEP
OCT
1
NOV
27° TRUE
INMV\\III//
////////ii, ////i 1Ni
00
///////P7-
CURRENT AT 4012 METERS, RIDGE STATION W
20 CM/SEC
\.,„‘111\11/111/
-\\\■\\\\\\\
CURRENT AT 3972 METERS, RIDGE STATION N
\\\\%%\\\\\\\\ \ 1\1 1\\\118///
/fivz.„e„\
\\'\\\\IIIV, 1111 \\\\ ‘\A A5CW/I
\,///ACM I////
"1'11111"W gfin 1 "\ \\\\\" vuliath
CURRENT AT 4038 METERS, RIDGE STATION M
\\1111\ \ \ 1
111■11IN II IIllill//
PP--
411
NA\ III',
III/ii///iii'illi\\.\\
CURRENT AT 4000 METERS, RIDGE STATION K
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
U COMPONENT AT 4986 METERS, RIDGE STATION M.
20
15
10
5
8
-5
V COMPONENT AT 4986 METERS, RIDGE STATION M.
N
15 10
-
5
-
'11111111,1,--5-
U COMPONENT AT 4951 METERS, RIDGE STATION N.
15
I0
5
V COMPONENT AT 4951 METERS, RIDGE STATION N.
1
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
2.6
2.5
24
2.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 2040 METERS. RIDGE STATION W.
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 2074 METERS. RIDGE STATION M.
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 2013 METERS. RIDGE STATION N.
2.42.3
2.2
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 2065 METERS-, RIDGE STATION S.
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
I.0
0.9
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 4012 METERS, RIDGE STATION W.
1 .2
-
1.1
1.0
0.9
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 3972 METERS. RIDGE STATION N.
1.2
1.0
oa- CORRECTED TEMPERATURE AT 4038 METERS, RIDGE STATION M.
MAY
1
JUN
1
JUL.
AUG
SEP
1
OCT
1
NOV