The Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
The University of Georgia
Research Report Number 705
July 2006
SMALL GRAIN UPDATES
VARIETY RELEASES
Jerry W. Johnson, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Griffin
Campus, Griffin, GA 30223-1797.
AGS 2010 is a high yielding, excellent high test, early-medium and tall soft red
winter wheat. It is resistant to currently predominate races of leaf rust, stripe rust and
Hessian fly. It is resistant to soil-borne mosaic virus and tolerant to Septoria nodorum
blotch. AGS 2010 is marketed by AgSouth Genetics.
AGS 104 is a rye for early season forage productions that will work well in blends
with ryegrass for long season forage production with excellent leaf rust resistance. It is
slightly later than Wrens 96 in maturity but similar in height and seed appearance.
Small Grains for Wildlife: Trophy (oat) and Boss (rye)
Wheat releases by private companies for production in Georgia: Coker 9553,
AgriPro Panola, Pioneer 26R31.
DISEASES
John D. Youmans and James W. Buck, Department of Plant
Pathology, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223-1797
Small grain diseases or the lack of this growing season were highlighted by the
extreme dry weather at the beginning and end of the growing season. Plots were
difficult to get established and most locations required irrigation to get the crop out of
the ground. All locations had very low disease pressure due to the dry weather. Most
locations were harvested a full week or more ahead of a normal season.
Localized infections of stripe rust were observed at Plains and the Rural
Development Center in Tifton. The infection at Plains was early and a number of
susceptible lines were identified. Stripe rust is very aggressive and currently little
resistance is present in released varieties. The USDA Stripe Rust Nursery that was
screened in Plains and Griffin identified several lines with resistance, including several
Georgia lines. In order to control epidemics of stripe rust, the timing of fungicide sprays
are critical. Fungicides will need to be applied earlier in the spring to control the
disease.
Since the fall weather conditions were so extremely dry, the aphid population did not
build to anticipated levels and fall infection of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) was
low. The Calhoun location, which usually has some of the highest BYDV in the state,
had almost none. BYDV was observed at low levels throughout the state.
Powdery mildew was observed at Plains and Tifton, with the most mildew observed
at Plains. The potential for mildew to have an impact on yields was reduced by the dry
and warmer weather observed in February and March. This marks two years in a row
where Plains has led all locations with the higher mildew levels. Low levels of mildew
were observed in Tifton due to the dry weather.
Leaf rust appeared late in the growing season and was not a big issue in grain
production this year. Planting varieties resistant to leaf rust is the best method of
controlling this disease.
Take–all was observed in several production fields in the Plains area. Growers will
need to rotate fields or plant oats to break the disease cycle. Even a one-year rotation
without wheat can greatly reduce the impact of this root rotting fungus. A two-year
rotation without wheat is the best management practice.
Glume blotch (Stagonospora) was at very low levels over the entire state.
Crown rust on oats was not observed at Calhoun, Griffin, Plains, or Tifton.
INSECTS
G. David Buntin, Department of Entomology, Griffin, Georgia
The variety test was planted in the fall of 2005 at the Southwest Branch Experiment
Station near Plains and was sampled for Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, infestations
in late April and early May, 2006. Wheat entries also were evaluated at the Bledsoe
Research Farm near Griffin. Results are shown in the next table. Infestation levels
were lower than the year before and levels at Griffin for the most part were too low for
definitive comparisons. Several wheat varieties showed good levels of Hessian fly
resistance at Plains including AGS 2000, AGS 2060, Pioneer 26R12, 26R31, 26R38
and 26R61, NK-Coker 9152, USG 3665, SS 8308, and a number of experimental lines.
'Roberts’ and ‘Fleming’ contain resistance genes but are susceptible in Georgia and will
not stand up to a heavy infestation. Varieties with good resistance in southern GA may
not be resistant in northern GA because of the presence of biotype L in northern GA.
The only currently available variety with biotype L resistance is 'Pioneer 26R61'.
Triticale entries also were evaluated at Plains (second table) and several entries
had good levels of Hessian fly resistance. Monarch and two Florida lines were
susceptible. Trical 342 in last year’s trial was partly resistant but not highly resistant.
Rye and oats also are good Hessian-fly resistant alternatives to wheat for forage
production, because rye is highly resistant and oats are immune to the insect.
Warm, dry weather also encouraged aphid populations in the fall months
throughout the state. Aphids cause direct injury to wheat and also transmit barley
yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Nevertheless, BYDV infection generally was not severe
throughout the state. Although the level of expression of symptoms varies between
varieties, no varieties are truly resistant or tolerant of BYDV infection. Systemic
insecticide seed treatments and properly timed foliar applications of insecticides can
reduce aphid numbers and minimize BYDV incidence.
The cereal leaf beetle now is established throughout northern and the upper coastal
plain from Macon to Statesboro. Larvae and adults are present in the spring during
grain filling where they remove the upper leaf surface and chew elongated holes in
leaves. Populations in most areas were below the treatment threshold of 0.5 larva or
adult per stalk and few fields were treated for this insect this year.
Consult your local county extension agent and 2006 Georgia Pest Management
Handbook for a list of recommended insecticides and for management practices for
these and other insect pests of small grains.
Hessian fly infestation in wheat entries in the 2005-2006 Georgia
State Small Grain Variety Test, Plains and Griffin, GA.
Entry
% Infested
stems
Plains
HF larvae & pupae
per stem
% Infested
stems
Griffin
HF larvae & pupae
per stem
GA98681-5E39
MD Choptank
INW 316
XW04C
GA951216-2E26
38.3*
35.0*
31.7*
30.0*
26.7*
0.55*
0.72*
0.58*
0.62*
0.27
26.7*
20.0*
13.3*
5.0
3.3
0.48*
0.55*
0.20
0.07
0.03
FL 91226
NK-Coker 9553
McIntosh
Dominion
MD MV5-46
23.3*
21.7*
20.0*
18.3*
16.7*
0.53*
0.65*
0.28*
0.33*
0.27
21.7*
1.7
0
18.3*
13.3*
0.37*
0.02
0
0.28*
0.23*
B 990133
GA951395-3A31
USG 3910
Panola
LA 95135D54-2-3-C
16.7*
15.0*
15.0*
15.0*
13.3*
0.17
0.25
0.17
0.27
0.20
5.0
11.7*
5.0
3.3
18.3*
0.07
0.17
0.13
0.08
0.32*
USG 3592
GA98401-5E45
GA951395-3E25
Fleming
GA951395-3E27
10.0*
8.3*
8.3*
6.7*
6.7*
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.12
6.7
23.3*
10.0
3.3
5.0
0.10
0.33*
0.17
0.03
0.08
GA981592-5A7
GA97531-5A37
Roberts
SS 520
GA96693-4E16
6.7*
6.7*
6.7*
6.7*
5.0
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.05
15.0*
5.0
3.3
6.7
13.3*
0.17
0.05
0.03
0.10
0.15
USG 3209
GA981592-5E16
Pioneer 26R12
AGS 2060
NC00-15332
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.3
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.03
11.7*
5.0
1.7
1.7
11.7*
0.15
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.17
FL 98149
AGS 2000
GA96229-3E39
GA951231-4E26
GA011450DH2-5A45
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.07
8.3
5.0
5.0
3.3
0
0.10
0.05
0.07
0.03
0
Pioneer 26R31
GA98634-5A25
AGS 2000/USG 3209
GA991369-5A17
SS 8308
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
8.3
6.7
5.0
3.3
1.7
0.12
0.10
0.20
0.03
0.02
USG 3209/USG 3592
USG 3665
GA981622-5E35
Pioneer 26R61
GA98249G1-5E56
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
1.7
1.7
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0
0
0
Hessian fly infestation in wheat entries in the 2005-2006 Georgia
State Small Grain Variety Test, Plains and Griffin, GA. (Continued)
% Infested
stems
Entry
Plains
HF larvae & pupae
per stem
% Infested
stems
Griffin
HF larvae & pupae
per stem
GA98401-5E23
GA981621-5E34
GA981622-5E32
FL 98031
GA951231-4A15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10.0
8.3
6.7
3.3
1.7
0.17
0.30*
0.10
0.05
0.02
GA961567-4A35
GA961176-3A48
AGS 2010
GA96229-3A41
LA97113UC-124-3-B
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7
0
0
0
0
0.02
0
0
0
0
GA961171-4E21
GA951231-4E25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LSD (0.05)
0.34
0.24
LSD (0.10)
0.28
0.20
3.60
2.37
2.02
2.03
F
0.0001
0.0001
0.0008
0.0008
P
* Significantly different than zero (P < 0.1); % infested data arcsine-square-root transformed before analysis.
Hessian fly infestations in triticale entries in the 2006
Georgia State Small Grain Variety Trial, Plains, GA.
% Infested stems
HF larvae and
pupae per stem
FL 00007-H11
FL 93072
Monarch
Trical 342
FL 00005-H4
13.3*
13.3*
6.7*
5.0
3.3
0.17*
0.18*
0.10
0.07
0.03
FL 00008-H8
FL 00005-H3
FL 00008-H3
FL 93054
FL 00009-H6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Trical 314
AGRTS 101
0
0
0
0
Entry Name
0.13
LSD (0.05)
LSD (0.10)
0.11
* Entry significantly (P = 0.1) different than zero; means within columns followed by the
same letter are not significantly different (LSD P = 0.1); percentage values analysis
of acrsin (square root) transformed data.